Pleurotus ostreatus culture material prepared from whole capsicum plants and application of pleurotus ostreatus culture material

Abstract

The invention provides a pleurotus ostreatus culture material prepared from whole pepper plants and application thereof, the pleurotus ostreatus culture material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-50% of pepper plants, 45-75% of cottonseed hulls and 1-5% of quick lime, and the whole pepper plants comprise roots, stems, leaves and fruits of peppers. According to the culture material provided by the invention, waste pepper fruits and the like are added, necessary nutrient substances are provided for growth of the oyster mushrooms, the oyster mushrooms are cultivated in high-temperature weather, the yield of the oyster mushrooms is increased, meanwhile, the resource utilization rate of the whole waste pepper plants is increased, and environmental pollution is reduced; the use amount of the cottonseed hulls is reduced, auxiliary materials such as wheat bran and corn flour are not used, the raw material cost of the culture material is greatly reduced, and a new technical scheme is provided for oyster mushroom culture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of vegetable residues and edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a oyster mushroom culture medium prepared by resource utilization of whole pepper plants and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is the hot and spicy condiment with the largest consumer demand in the world. At present, the common way to deal with chili pepper residues is to randomly dump or discard them, which not only pollutes the environment and breeds pests and diseases, but also wastes resources. Edible fungi are a major food source in people's lives. In addition to the common use of raw materials such as corn cobs and cottonseed hulls, the cultivation technology of edible fungi has gradually increased the resource utilization of chili pepper stalks. However, in the prior art, only chili pepper stalks are used, and the raw materials of the cultivation medium are relatively large, the formula cost is high, and the operation is complicated.

[0003] Patent document CN201910070634 discloses a culture medium for oyster mushroom and its preparation method, wherein the culture medium for oyster mushroom contains 20-27 parts of corn cobs, 13-20 parts of pepper stalks, 13 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of lime, 12.5 parts of bean cake, and 0.31 parts of diammonium phosphate by weight. The application uses pepper stalks instead of corn cobs for oyster mushroom production, achieving the purpose of reducing costs and increasing oyster mushroom production. However, although the culture medium provided by the application reduces the amount of corn cobs used, the formula also includes multiple ingredients such as wheat bran and lime, and the culture medium also needs to be sterilized at high temperature, and the preparation process is cumbersome.

[0004] Patent document CN201710161114 discloses a selenium-enriched culture medium for edible fungi with pepper straw as the main raw material, and the raw materials of the culture medium include 70 to 90 parts of the main material, including some pepper straw powder. Auxiliary materials include 5 to 25 parts of rice bran, wheat bran, and corn flour, 0.5 to 3 parts of sugar, 1 to 3 parts of gypsum, 1 to 5 parts of lime powder, 0.02 to 0.1 parts of polypeptide chelated selenium, and 0.3 to 2 parts of zeolite. This application uses pepper straw to replace most of the amount of corn cobs and cottonseed hulls, and is used as a universal culture medium for the cultivation of common edible fungi, shortening the cultivation cycle and reducing the cost of raw materials. However, the formula of the culture medium also includes multiple ingredients such as food auxiliary materials, sugar, gypsum, etc., which need to be sterilized and adjusted pH.

[0005] The article "Preliminary Study on Cultivating Oyster Mushrooms with Pepper Straw" uses cottonseed hulls (or bran), pepper stalks, sucrose, gypsum, lime, urea, etc. as the culture medium, and cultivates Oyster Mushrooms at suitable temperatures in Henan, achieving good results. The article "Experimental Study on the Formula of Cultivating Oyster Mushrooms with Pepper Stalks and Corn Cobs Composite Matrix" uses corn cobs, pepper stalks, bran, bean cake, lime, and diammonium phosphate as the culture medium, and inoculates Oyster Mushrooms after pile fermentation, sterilization and cooling, and achieves good results in Linyi, Shandong; "A New Material for Cultivating Oyster Mushrooms - Pepper Stalks" and "Preliminary Study on Cultivating Oyster Mushrooms with "Qin Pepper" Stalks" use pepper stalks, corn cobs, bran, oil residue, phosphate fertilizer, lime, etc. as the culture medium, and cultivate Oyster Mushrooms 'Fengba' in winter and spring in Shaanxi, achieving good results; "Experimental Study on the Formula of Cultivating Shiitake Mushrooms with Pepper Straw Bags" uses pepper stalk powder, oak powder, bran, sugar, gypsum, lime, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and carbendazim to prepare the culture bags, and cultivates Shiitake mushrooms in Miyang, Henan, achieving good results. The culture medium formula in the above research has a variety of raw materials and needs to go through multiple steps such as high-temperature sterilization. The cultivation location and temperature are both suitable for the growth of Oyster mushrooms and the cool seasons of winter and spring.

[0006] Therefore, a method is provided to improve the resource utilization rate of discarded pepper plants, reduce the components of oyster mushroom cultivation medium, reduce the cost of oyster mushroom cultivation medium and cultivate oyster mushrooms under high temperature conditions, which is of great significance to the resource utilization of pepper plants and edible fungus cultivation technology. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a culture medium for oyster mushrooms prepared by utilizing a whole plant of pepper and application thereof. The culture medium can realize simplified cultivation of oyster mushrooms in high temperature seasons. On the one hand, it solves the problem that a large amount of roots, stems, leaves and defective fruits left after the existing peppers are harvested cannot be effectively utilized, and breeds diseases and insect pests, thereby improving the resource utilization rate of the whole plant of peppers; on the other hand, it reduces the production cost of oyster mushrooms and realizes the cultivation of oyster mushrooms under high temperature conditions.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] On the one hand, the present invention provides a oyster mushroom culture medium prepared by using a whole pepper plant, comprising the whole pepper plant, cottonseed hulls and quicklime, wherein the whole pepper plant comprises roots, stems, leaves and fruits of the pepper.

[0010] In the Chinese invention patent with application announcement number CN201910070634 and invention name “A culture medium for oyster mushroom and its preparation method” (reference document 1) and the Chinese invention patent with application announcement number CN201710161114 and invention name “A selenium-enriched culture medium for edible fungi with pepper stalks as main raw materials” (reference document 2), only pepper stalks are used to replace part of the raw material components. On the one hand, the whole pepper plant is not fully utilized, and on the other hand, the formula of the cultivation culture medium and its preparation method are too complicated and not simplified enough. The present invention creatively uses three substances, namely the whole pepper plant, cottonseed hulls and quicklime, as raw materials for oyster mushroom culture, which greatly reduces the use of raw materials such as corn cobs and wheat bran in the existing culture medium formula, and significantly reduces the application cost.

[0011] On the one hand, the present invention utilizes the whole plant of pepper, that is, the whole plant of pepper including pepper roots, stems, leaves, and fruits. When harvested, the weight of pepper fruits is about 50-60% of the whole plant of pepper. In some embodiments of the present invention, the whole plant of pepper used refers to the non-edible parts such as roots, stems, leaves, and some defective fruits left after the pepper is harvested, so as to improve the utilization rate of the whole plant of discarded pepper. Among them, the weight of defective pepper fruits is about 5%-10% of the whole plant of pepper. It can be understood that in some embodiments, the pepper fruits used generally refer to the appearance of deformed, rotten and other damaged conditions, or the fruits are attacked by pests and diseases and cause the quality of the fruits to decline, so as to realize the resource utilization of pepper waste. On the other hand, the culture material formula provided by the present invention uses the whole plant of pepper and cottonseed hulls as the main ingredients. First, the whole plant of pepper can provide nutrients such as carbon source and nitrogen source for the growth of edible fungi, as well as a large number of elements such as phosphorus and potassium. Compared with the prior art that only pepper stalks are used, the increase of the residues such as fruits, roots, and leaves of the whole plant of pepper further improves the effect of cultivating flat mushrooms with culture materials. Secondly, cottonseed hulls are rich in cellulose, which can provide the necessary carbon source for edible fungi and promote the growth of mycelium. At the same time, the physical structure of cottonseed hulls helps to maintain the aeration and water retention of the culture medium; cottonseed hulls also contain appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, which can meet the basic nutritional needs of edible fungi growth. On the other hand, the heat generated by the chemical reaction of quicklime when adding water and high temperature weather are used to pile and ferment the culture material for disinfection, which reduces the steps of high-temperature sterilization and disinfection in the existing technology and simplifies the operation.

[0012] In some embodiments, the necessity of using whole peppers, cottonseed hulls and quicklime as the culture medium for oyster mushrooms in the present invention is verified by experiments, and the results show that when quicklime is included in the culture medium, the average yield and bioconversion rate of oyster mushrooms decrease; when cottonseed hulls are lacking in the culture medium, oyster mushrooms cannot be cultured; but when whole peppers are lacking in the culture medium, the average yield and bioconversion rate of oyster mushrooms change little. The reason is that during the growth of oyster mushrooms, their nutrient source is mainly provided by cottonseed hulls to provide carbon source and elements such as phosphorus and potassium, which can meet the basic nutritional needs of oyster mushroom growth. At the same time, it shows that in the raw materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the present invention, whole peppers can replace cottonseed hulls within a certain proportion range. Compared with the high-cost culture medium using only cottonseed hulls, the oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the present invention reduces the production cost while achieving the same or even better effect.

[0013] At the same time, when pepper straw, wheat bran, gypsum and other materials are used instead of the raw materials provided by the present invention, the yield and bioconversion rate of the cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus are reduced; compared with the multi-component culture medium used in the prior art, the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated using the culture medium provided by the present invention is also higher, indicating that the culture medium prepared by using the whole pepper plant, cottonseed hulls and quicklime provided by the present invention can effectively increase the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus.

[0014] In the prior art, only pepper stalks are used, and the fruits and roots of peppers are not used in the culture medium. The present invention creatively uses the roots and fruits of peppers together with the stalks, thereby reducing the time cost and labor cost of processing the stalks when pulling out pepper plants.

[0015] In some embodiments, the present invention also verifies the difference in cultivation effect between adding a whole pepper plant and adding pepper straw to the oyster mushroom culture medium. When a whole pepper plant is added to the oyster mushroom culture medium, the residues such as pepper fruits are added. Since pepper fruits are rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements, which are important nutrients required for the growth of edible fungi, oyster mushrooms can absorb and utilize the trace elements in the fruits, thereby promoting their own growth and development. In addition, pepper fruits have a high content of capsaicin, which has antibacterial and repellent effects, can inhibit the growth of some harmful microorganisms and drive away some harmful insects, thereby protecting edible fungi from the invasion of diseases. Therefore, adding pepper fruits can provide rich nutrients and a suitable growth environment, and then can cultivate oyster mushrooms with higher yields and better quality.

[0016] In some embodiments, in order to further illustrate the creativity and superiority of the culture material combination provided by the present invention, the culture method of oyster mushroom in the Chinese invention patent with application announcement number CN201910070634 and invention name "A culture medium for oyster mushroom and preparation method thereof" (reference document 1) is used for comparative verification. The results show that although the formula of the oyster mushroom culture medium in the reference document has rich and diverse raw materials, the yield and bioconversion rate of the oyster mushroom obtained by cultivation are not as good as the oyster mushroom culture material provided by the present invention, and the preparation process of the culture medium in the reference document is cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and requires a large cost.

[0017] Furthermore, in terms of weight percentage, the whole pepper plant accounts for 20% to 50%, the cottonseed hull accounts for 45% to 75%, and the quicklime accounts for 1 to 5%.

[0018] In some embodiments, the present invention has experimentally demonstrated that adding 20% ​​to 50% by weight of whole pepper plants, 45% to 75% of cottonseed hulls and 5% of quicklime to prepare a mushroom culture medium can effectively increase the yield and bioconversion rate of mushrooms.

[0019] At the same time, since edible fungi have certain requirements for the moisture of the growth environment during their growth, it was found during the cultivation process that when the moisture content of the culture medium is lower than 60%, the mycelium of the oyster mushroom cannot grow; when the moisture content is higher than 65%, the oyster mushroom will become anaerobic, causing the mycelium to die and unable to continue to grow. Therefore, only when the moisture content of the culture medium is 60% to 65% can the growth of oyster mushrooms be effectively promoted, and its yield and bioconversion rate be increased.

[0020] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus using whole pepper plants, using the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium as described above for cultivation.

[0021] In some embodiments, the present invention has verified through experiments that cultivating oyster mushrooms using the culture medium provided by the present invention can effectively increase the yield of oyster mushrooms, while reducing the types of raw materials in the culture medium formula, greatly reducing the raw material cost, and improving the resource utilization rate of the entire pepper plant.

[0022] Furthermore, the method comprises the following steps:

[0023] (1) After the peppers are harvested, the whole plant is pulled out, dried in the sun, and then crushed to obtain whole pepper plant debris;

[0024] (2) mixing the whole pepper plant obtained in step (1) with cottonseed hulls, quicklime and water to prepare a culture medium for Pleurotus ostreatus;

[0025] (3) fermenting the culture medium of step (2) for one week, spreading it out after fermentation to lower the temperature, and then loading and inoculating for cultivation.

[0026] In some embodiments, the pepper harvesting time in step (1) is July every year.

[0027] Furthermore, in step (2), the mixing ratio is calculated by weight percentage, the whole pepper plant accounts for 20% to 50%, the cottonseed hull accounts for 45% to 75%, and the quicklime accounts for 1% to 5%.

[0028] In some embodiments, the whole pepper plant, cottonseed hulls and quicklime are uniformly mixed in the above proportions, and then water is added to the mixture until the moisture content is 60% to 65%.

[0029] Furthermore, the fermentation temperature in step (3) is above 50°C.

[0030] Generally, oyster mushroom varieties are divided into four temperature types. The temperature range for the formation of low-temperature oyster mushroom fruiting bodies is 4-25°C, and the optimum temperature is 10-18°C; the temperature range for the formation of medium-temperature oyster mushroom fruiting bodies is 8-28°C, and the optimum temperature is 10-20°C; the temperature range for the formation of high-temperature oyster mushroom fruiting bodies is 16-33°C, and the optimum temperature is 20-28°C; the temperature range for the formation of wide-temperature oyster mushroom fruiting bodies is 5-35°C, and the optimum temperature is 10-26°C. In some embodiments, in order to be able to cultivate and obtain oyster mushrooms in high temperature weather in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the present invention selects a wide-temperature oyster mushroom variety with a wider adaptability.

[0031] Since hyphae begin to develop at 5° C., the suitable growth temperature is 24-27° C. Therefore, in some embodiments, after the fermentation of the culture medium is completed, the culture medium needs to be spread out to reduce the temperature to a suitable growth temperature for the hyphae.

[0032] Furthermore, the inoculation method in step (3) adopts an inoculation method of two layers of culture medium and two layers of bacteria.

[0033] In some embodiments, the inoculation cultivation method of the oyster mushroom adopts a sowing method of two layers of culture medium and two layers of spawn. The culture medium is filled to half the height of the container, the culture medium is spread, the first layer of oyster mushroom spawn is spread, the culture medium is continued to be filled to the vicinity of the container mouth, and then the second layer of oyster mushroom spawn is spread, and a small amount of culture medium is covered and lightly compacted.

[0034] Furthermore, the cultivation season in step (3) is the hot summer and autumn weather.

[0035] The existing cultivation time of oyster mushroom is generally selected in the cool winter and spring seasons suitable for the growth of oyster mushroom, but not in the high temperature season. The present invention selects the wide-temperature type oyster mushroom with wide adaptability, and the culture medium provided by the present invention can be used for cultivation in the high temperature weather in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, so that the cultivation range of oyster mushroom is wider; at the same time, the culture medium can be disinfected in the high temperature weather, saving the preparation cost of the culture medium.

[0036] In some embodiments, the inoculated container needs to be placed at 20°C for mycelium cultivation, and the indoor humidity is maintained at 60% to 70%. When the humidity drops, the air humidity is replenished by spraying. A film can be covered on the container to keep the moisture content of the culture medium at 60% to 65%.

[0037] Since the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus can occur in the range of 5 to 20°C, it is best to occur under the variable temperature condition of 10 to 20°C. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, after the mycelium covers the entire culture medium, remove part of the shading and ventilate appropriately, and perform variable temperature stimulation under the conditions of 20°C during the day and 10°C at night. In the early stage of the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, waste containers such as foam boxes are used for cultivation. In the later stage, when the temperature drops, it can be cultivated in a greenhouse or open field to avoid rain, and shaded with a sunshade net, while keeping the humidity at 85% to 95%. When the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus grow to the size of commercial mushrooms, the cap is flat, and the edges are rolled inward, they are harvested in time.

[0038] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a use of a culture medium for preparing an agent for improving the yield and bioconversion rate of Pleurotus ostreatus, wherein the culture medium comprises a whole pepper plant, cottonseed hulls and quicklime.

[0039] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a use of a culture medium for preparing an agent for prolonging the harvesting time of Pleurotus ostreatus, wherein the culture medium comprises a whole pepper plant, cottonseed hulls and quicklime.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, experimental data proves that the oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the present invention can effectively promote the growth of oyster mushroom, prolong the harvesting days of oyster mushroom, and improve the average yield and bioconversion rate, but is not suitable for the cultivation of edible fungi such as straw mushroom and giant puffball. The reason may be that the pH value, nutrient content and cultivation environment conditions of the oyster mushroom culture medium are inconsistent with the growth conditions of straw mushroom and giant puffball.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. The oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the present invention innovatively utilizes the whole pepper plant including pepper fruits, thereby improving the resource utilization rate of the whole pepper plant and reducing the use of cottonseed hulls; at the same time, auxiliary materials such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sugar, gypsum, wheat bran, corn flour, etc. are not used, thereby greatly reducing the cost of the raw materials of the culture medium;

[0043] 2. The whole pepper plant in the oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the present invention contains rich nutrients such as crude fiber, amino acids, proteins, total sugars, etc., which prolongs the mushroom picking time of oyster mushrooms by 1 to 3 days and increases the yield of oyster mushrooms; at the same time, the effective use of the whole pepper plant not only reduces the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, reduces environmental pollution, but also beautifies the ecological environment in rural areas.

[0044] 3. The present invention utilizes high temperature weather to realize simplified cultivation of Oyster mushroom, simplifies the preparation process of culture medium, and expands the scope of Oyster mushroom cultivation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0046] Figure 1 The invention discloses a process for preparing a cultivation material for Pleurotus ostreatus.

[0047] Figure 2 The mycelium development conditions of different culture media of the present invention are shown, wherein A is a culture media of 95% cottonseed hulls + 5% quicklime; B is 20% whole pepper plant + 75% cottonseed hulls + 5% quicklime; C is 50% whole pepper plant + 45% cottonseed hulls + 5% quicklime; and D is 100% whole pepper plant.

[0048] Figure 3 This is the mushroom production situation of box planting and ground planting of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 4 The present invention discloses a cultivation process of straw mushrooms.

[0050] Figure 5 The present invention uses the oyster mushroom culture medium 1 to cultivate straw mushrooms (treatment 1); uses the oyster mushroom culture medium 2 to cultivate straw mushrooms (treatment 2); uses the pepper whole plant culture medium 1 to cultivate straw mushrooms (treatment 3); and uses the pepper whole plant culture medium 2 to cultivate straw mushrooms (treatment 4).

[0051] Figure 6 The present invention is to cultivate Stropharia rugosa using Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the above-mentioned objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The exemplary implementation modes of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the examples were purchased commercially.

[0054] Example 1: Preparation of Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium 1 provided by the present invention

[0055] (1) Crush the whole pepper plant: In July every year, after the peppers are harvested, the remaining whole plants are pulled out (the pepper fruits account for about 8% of the weight of the whole plant), spread out in a single greenhouse, and after they are completely dried, they are crushed into 1-2 cm using a crusher.

[0056] (2) Preparation of culture medium: Based on the weight of 1.25 kg of culture medium, crushed pepper whole plant (provided by the vegetable base of Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences), cottonseed hulls (purchased from Lianghang Edible Fungi Factory, Qujiang District, Quzhou City), and quicklime (purchased from Zhejiang Zhenxin Xinchonglai Technology Co., Ltd.) were weighed in a weight ratio of 50% pepper whole plant, 45% cottonseed hulls, and 5% quicklime. After mixing evenly, water was added to a water content of 60% to prepare Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium 1. The preparation process is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0057] Example 2: Preparation of Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium 2 provided by the present invention

[0058] The method for crushing the whole pepper plant is the same as in Example 1. According to the weight of 1.25 kg of 1 culture medium, 20% of the whole pepper plant, 75% of cottonseed hulls, and 5% of quicklime are weighed in weight percentage. After mixing evenly, water is added to a moisture content of 60% to prepare Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium 2.

[0059] Embodiment 3, does not contain pepper whole plant

[0060] According to the weight of 1.25kg of one portion of culture medium, cottonseed hulls and quicklime are weighed in a weight percentage of 95% cottonseed hulls and 5% quicklime. After mixing evenly, water is added to the mixture until the moisture content reaches 60% to prepare the culture medium for Pleurotus ostreatus.

[0061] Example 4: No cottonseed hulls

[0062] The method for crushing the whole pepper plant is the same as in Example 1. Based on the weight of 1.25 kg of one portion of culture medium, the crushed whole pepper plant and quicklime are weighed in a weight percentage of 95% whole pepper plant and 5% quicklime. After mixing evenly, water is added to a moisture content of 60% to prepare the oyster mushroom culture medium.

[0063] Example 5, without quicklime

[0064] The method for crushing the whole pepper plant is the same as in Example 1. Based on the weight of 1.25 kg of one portion of culture medium, the crushed whole pepper plant and cottonseed hulls are weighed in a weight percentage of 50% whole pepper plant and 50% cottonseed hulls. After mixing evenly, water is added to a moisture content of 60% to prepare the oyster mushroom culture medium.

[0065] Embodiment 6, only use pepper whole plant

[0066] The method for crushing the whole pepper plant is the same as in Example 1. Weigh 1.25 kg of the crushed whole pepper plant, add water to a moisture content of 60% to prepare a mushroom culture medium.

[0067] Example 7: Using only cottonseed hulls

[0068] Weigh 1.25 kg of cottonseed hulls, add water to a moisture content of 60% to prepare a culture medium for Pleurotus ostreatus.

[0069] Example 8: Adding pepper stalks

[0070] The oyster mushroom culture medium was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the whole pepper plant in the raw material was replaced with pepper stalks. The remaining raw materials, proportions and operating procedures were the same as those of Example 1.

[0071] Embodiment 9, add wheat bran

[0072] The oyster mushroom culture medium was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the cottonseed hulls in the raw material were replaced with wheat bran. The remaining raw materials, proportions and operating procedures were the same as those in Example 1.

[0073] Example 10: Adding gypsum

[0074] The oyster mushroom culture medium was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the quicklime in the raw material was replaced with gypsum. The remaining raw materials, proportions and operating procedures were the same as those of Example 1.

[0075] Example 11, pepper whole plant culture material 1

[0076] The method for crushing the whole pepper plant is the same as in Example 1. Based on the weight of 1.25 kg of one portion of culture medium, the crushed whole pepper plant, cottonseed hulls, and waste cotton are weighed in a weight percentage of 70% whole pepper plant, 5% cottonseed hulls, 20% waste cotton, and 5% quicklime. After mixing evenly, water is added to a moisture content of 60% to prepare the whole pepper plant culture medium 1.

[0077] Example 12, pepper whole plant culture material 2

[0078] The method for crushing the whole pepper plant is the same as in Example 1. Based on the weight of 1.25 kg of one culture medium, the crushed whole pepper plant, Chinese medicinal residue, waste cotton, bran, and quicklime are weighed and mixed in a weight percentage of 70% whole pepper plant, 10% Chinese medicinal residue, 10% waste cotton, 5% bran, and 5% quicklime. After mixing evenly, water is added to a moisture content of 60% to prepare the whole pepper plant culture medium 2.

[0079] Example 13: Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus

[0080] (1) Prepare mushroom strains: To adapt to the high temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, choose a variety of Pleurotus ostreatus with a wider adaptability and a wide temperature range.

[0081] (2) Prepare containers: Wash and dry the collected foam boxes and other containers. Prepare 10 foam boxes of 35 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm for each culture medium. Drill holes in the bottom to prevent water accumulation.

[0082] (3) Stacking: Stack the culture medium into a cone shape, cover it with a film and ferment it for one week. After fermentation, remove the film, spread the culture medium, and lower the temperature to below 35°C before loading and inoculating.

[0083] (4) Loading and inoculation: Use a cultivation method of 2 layers of culture medium and 2 layers of bacterial strains. First, fill the culture medium to 6 cm, flatten the culture medium, and lay the first layer of bacterial strains. Continue to fill the medium to 3 cm from the box opening, and then lay the second layer of bacterial strains and gently compact.

[0084] (5) Mycelium cultivation: Place the inoculated foam box in a 20°C culture room and cover it with a film to maintain humidity. The indoor humidity is maintained at 60% to 70%, and the water content of the culture medium is 60 to 65%.

[0085] (6) Management of mushroom production: When the mycelium covers the entire culture medium, remove the film, remove some of the shading and ventilate appropriately, and conduct temperature stimulation, 20℃ during the day and 10℃ at night, and keep the humidity at 85% to 95%.

[0086] (7) Harvesting: When the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus grow to the size of commercial mushrooms, the caps are flat and the edges are curled inward, they are harvested in time.

[0087] (8) In the later growth period, when the temperature in the mushroom shed drops below 35°C, the culture medium in the container can be planted into the soil of the mushroom shed and shaded with a sunshade net to maintain the ambient humidity at 85% to 95% and the water content of the culture medium at 60% to 65%.

[0088] Example 14: Screening of Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium

[0089] The oyster mushroom culture medium prepared in Examples 1-10 was used to cultivate oyster mushrooms according to the cultivation method of Example 11. In addition, the cultivation method of Comparative Document 1 (Application Announcement No. CN201910070634, Invention Name: "A oyster mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof") was added to cultivate oyster mushrooms. In this embodiment, the whole pepper plant was harvested and dried on July 9, and the spawn cultivation was completed on July 30. After that, the growth of oyster mushrooms under 11 cultivation conditions was recorded, and the development of mycelium and the time of harvesting the first batch of mushrooms were recorded respectively, and the average yield and bioconversion rate of each box of oyster mushrooms after harvest were analyzed. Among them, the growth of oyster mushroom mycelium cultivated with the culture medium provided in Examples 1 to 3 and 6 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, average yield = average value of 3 repetitions (one foam box is one repetition), bioconversion rate = total amount of fresh mushrooms / weight of dry compost * 100%. The recorded results are shown in the table below.

[0090] Table 1 Growth status of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated with different culture media

[0091]

[0092] As shown in Table 1, the average yield of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated with the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium (Examples 1 and 2) provided by the present invention can reach more than 590 g, the bioconversion rate can reach 47%, and both box cultivation and ground cultivation can produce mushrooms normally ( Figure 3 ). By comparing Examples 1-7, it can be found that when any one of the components of pepper, cottonseed hulls or quicklime is missing in the culture medium, the culture medium cannot provide sufficient nutrients required for the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, resulting in delayed mycelium coverage time and harvesting time of Pleurotus ostreatus, and at the same time, the average yield and bioconversion rate of Pleurotus ostreatus are reduced, and the number of harvesting days is shortened. Among them, when cottonseed hulls are missing in the culture medium (Examples 4 and 6), Pleurotus ostreatus cannot be cultivated, such as Figure 2 As shown in D, no mycelium grew in the culture medium containing only whole pepper plants; however, when the culture medium lacked whole pepper plants or quicklime (Examples 3 and 7), the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus was not significantly different from that of Examples 1 and 2 ( Figure 2 A, B, C), the reason is that the nutrient source of Pleurotus ostreatus during its growth is mainly provided by cottonseed hulls, which provide carbon source and elements such as phosphorus and potassium, and can meet the basic nutritional needs of Pleurotus ostreatus growth. It also shows that in the raw materials of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture material provided by the present invention, the whole pepper plant can replace cottonseed hulls within a certain proportion range to achieve the same or even better effect, but at a lower cost.

[0093] By comparing Examples 1 and 2 with Examples 8-10, it can be seen that after using pepper straw, wheat bran or gypsum instead of the raw materials of the culture medium provided by the present invention, the effect is not as good as the formula provided by the present invention. The reason is that the nutrients and growth conditions provided by pepper straw, wheat bran and gypsum are not as good as the culture medium combination provided by the present invention, resulting in poor growth of oyster mushrooms; in addition, by comparing Examples 1 and 2 with the method of Reference Document 1, it can be found that although the formula of the oyster mushroom culture medium in Reference Document 1 includes corn cobs, pepper straw, wheat bran, lime and other ingredients, the yield and bioconversion rate of oyster mushrooms obtained by cultivation are not as good as those of the method provided by the present invention, and the number of days for harvesting oyster mushrooms is also shorter than that of the method of the present invention. In summary, only by using the oyster mushroom culture medium prepared with pepper whole plant, cottonseed hulls and quicklime to cultivate oyster mushrooms can the yield and bioconversion rate of oyster mushrooms be effectively improved, and the harvesting time of oyster mushrooms be extended.

[0094] Example 15: Screening of edible fungi suitable for cultivation of culture medium

[0095] In order to further explore whether different culture media prepared from whole pepper plants are suitable for different types of edible fungi cultivation, so as to improve the application scope and utilization rate of whole pepper plants. In this example, according to the cultivation method of Example 11, the four edible fungi culture media containing whole pepper plants prepared in Examples 1, 2, 11, and 12 were used for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvacea, and Pleurotus ostreatus at the same time, and then the yield, bioconversion rate, and growth of different edible fungi after harvest were recorded, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0096] Table 2 Harvest of edible fungi grown on different culture media

[0097]

[0098] As shown in Table 2 and Figure 5 As shown in Table 1, the culture medium prepared from the whole pepper plant is not suitable for cultivating Volvariella volvacea. Volvariella volvacea did not produce any mushrooms in the four culture mediums. The reason may be that the pH value, nutrients and other conditions of the culture medium prepared from the whole pepper plant cannot meet the normal growth requirements of Volvariella volvacea, so the mycelium cannot grow. Figure 6 It can be seen that the four kinds of culture media failed to produce mushrooms, which may be because the nutrients of the four culture media provided by the present invention are lower than the amount required for the normal growth of the stropharia, thus causing the stropharia to fail to grow normally. In addition, the pepper whole plant culture media 1 and 2 (Examples 11 and 12) were low in average yield and bioconversion rate when culturing oyster mushrooms. It is speculated that the reason may be that the pepper whole plant has a high content, and the cottonseed hulls and waste cotton are low in content, while the nutrients provided by the pepper whole plant are limited. Based on the above, it can be concluded that the oyster mushroom culture media 1 and 2 provided by the present invention are suitable for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms and can increase the yield of oyster mushrooms, but are not suitable for the cultivation of edible fungi such as straw mushrooms and stropharia.

[0099] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in the form of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A mushroom culture medium prepared using a whole pepper plant, characterized in that: The invention comprises a whole pepper plant, cottonseed hulls and quicklime, wherein the whole pepper plant comprises roots, stems, leaves and fruits of the pepper.

2. The oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of weight percentage, the whole pepper plant accounts for 20% to 50%, the cottonseed hull accounts for 45% to 75%, and the quicklime accounts for 1% to 5%.

3. A method for cultivating oyster mushrooms using whole pepper plants, characterized in that: Cultivation is carried out using the oyster mushroom culture medium as described in any one of claims 1 to 2.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The following steps are involved: (1) After the peppers are harvested, the whole plant is pulled out, spread out to dry, and then crushed to obtain whole pepper plant debris; (2) mixing the whole pepper plant obtained in step (1) with cottonseed hulls, quicklime and water to prepare a culture medium for Pleurotus ostreatus; (3) fermenting the culture medium of step (2) for one week, spreading it out after fermentation to lower the temperature, and then loading and inoculating for cultivation.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that In step (2), the mixing ratio is calculated by weight percentage, wherein the whole pepper accounts for 20% to 50%, the cottonseed hull accounts for 45% to 75%, and the quicklime accounts for 1% to 5%.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The fermentation temperature in step (3) is above 50°C.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The inoculation method in step (3) adopts an inoculation method of two layers of culture medium and two layers of bacteria.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The cultivation season in step (3) is the hot summer and autumn weather.

9. A use of a culture medium for preparing an agent for increasing the yield and bioconversion rate of Pleurotus ostreatus, characterized in that: The culture material comprises whole pepper plants, cottonseed hulls and quicklime.

10. A use of a culture medium for preparing an agent for prolonging the harvesting time of Pleurotus ostreatus, characterized in that: The culture material comprises whole pepper plants, cottonseed hulls and quicklime.

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