Traditional Chinese medicine residue hydrothermal carbonization reactor and hydrothermal carbonization system comprising reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrothermal carbonization reactor for traditional Chinese medicine residues, which comprises a rotatable helical blade with a shaft, and helical blades of the helical blade with the shaft are distributed at equal pitch along the axis direction of the shaft; the microwave heater and the sound wave generator are arranged on the side wall of the reactor. The invention also discloses a hydrothermal carbonization system containing the reactor. According to the reactor disclosed by the invention, in the carbonization process, the uniformity of temperature and pressure in each region in the reactor can be greatly improved, so that the uniformity and efficiency of carbonization reaction are ensured, and the quality of a hydrothermal carbon product is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a hydrothermal carbonization reactor for traditional Chinese medicine residues and also relates to a hydrothermal carbonization system containing the reactor. Background Art

[0002] Traditional Chinese medicine residue is a byproduct of traditional Chinese medicine production. Due to its high water content and complex composition, its processing process faces many technical challenges. Existing methods for treating traditional Chinese medicine residue mainly include landfill and incineration. Although these methods can reduce the volume of waste to a certain extent, they also pose problems of environmental pollution and resource waste. In particular, the incineration process is often accompanied by the production of large amounts of harmful gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which seriously damage air quality. Therefore, the development of a traditional Chinese medicine residue treatment technology that can balance environmental protection and resource utilization has become a current research focus.

[0003] As an emerging biomass treatment method, hydrothermal carbonization technology is gradually becoming an effective way to solve the problem of traditional Chinese medicine residue treatment. This technology can convert water-containing biomass into stable carbon materials under relatively low temperature (160℃ to 250℃) and high pressure (0.3MPa to 4MPa). During the hydrothermal carbonization process, the organic matter in the biomass undergoes reactions such as dehydration, deoxygenation and decarboxylation, and finally forms a carbon-rich solid product, namely hydrothermal carbon. Compared with traditional pyrolysis methods, hydrothermal carbonization does not require additional drying treatment of the raw materials and is very suitable for processing biomass materials with high water content, such as traditional Chinese medicine residue. At the same time, the liquid by-products produced during the hydrothermal carbonization process are usually rich in organic nutrients and can be used as liquid fertilizers, thereby further realizing the effective recycling of resources. Therefore, hydrothermal carbonization is considered to be an ideal way to utilize the resources of traditional Chinese medicine residue.

[0004] However, although hydrothermal carbonization technology has significant advantages in processing traditional Chinese medicine residues, existing industrial hydrothermal carbonization devices still have many problems in practical applications: First, uneven heat transfer in the carbonization device is one of the main factors affecting the effect of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction. Due to the high water content and complex material composition of traditional Chinese medicine residues, the temperature and pressure distribution in different areas during the carbonization process are uneven, which affects the uniformity and efficiency of the carbonization reaction. This unevenness makes the quality of the final hydrothermal carbon product unstable and the carbonization effect inconsistent. Second, low processing efficiency is also a common problem of existing hydrothermal carbonization devices. The device usually finds it difficult to quickly and effectively process large feed amounts of water-containing biomass, which limits its promotion and application on an industrial scale. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrothermal carbonization reactor for traditional Chinese medicine residues, which can significantly improve the uniformity of temperature and pressure in various regions within the reactor during the carbonization process, thereby ensuring the uniformity and efficiency of the carbonization reaction, and further improving the quality of the hydrothermal carbon product; another purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrothermal carbonization system containing the above-mentioned reactor.

[0006] Technical solution: The hydrothermal carbonization reactor for Chinese medicinal residues of the present invention comprises a rotatable spiral blade with a shaft, wherein the spiral blades of the spiral blade with a shaft are distributed with equal pitch along the axis direction of the shaft; and further comprises a microwave heater and an acoustic wave generator arranged on the side wall of the reactor.

[0007] Wherein, the diameter of the spiral blade with shaft is 75-85% of the inner diameter of the reactor.

[0008] Among them, the pitch of the spiral blade is 1 / 12 to 14 of the height of the reactor; the downward inclination angle of the spiral blade is 25 to 30 degrees. This inclination angle can balance the fluidity of the material and the heat transfer efficiency. Related experiments have found that this inclination angle can effectively promote the flow of materials along the spiral path of the reactor, avoid stagnation or excessive extrusion of the material, and ensure a moderate flow rate without affecting sufficient contact with the reaction medium. This angle can also optimize heat transfer, ensure that the material and the heat source have sufficient contact time, and thus increase the reaction rate. Too large an inclination angle may cause the material to flow too fast and insufficient heat transfer, while too small an angle increases the flow resistance and affects uniform heating.

[0009] In the longitudinal direction, multiple groups of microwave heaters are provided on the side wall of the reactor; each group of microwave heaters is symmetrically distributed on the side wall of the reactor in the circumferential direction.

[0010] The acoustic wave generator, installed at the bottom of the reactor, has an adjustable frequency of 20 to 100 kHz. The acoustic waves ensure uniform distribution of materials and sufficient contact with the heat source. Furthermore, the acoustic vibrations accelerate heat transfer, improving the uniform distribution of heat within the reaction medium and thereby increasing the rate and efficiency of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction. Furthermore, by optimizing the motion of the reaction materials, the rapid reaction of substances is promoted, significantly improving the quality and yield of the carbonized product.

[0011] The hydrothermal carbonization system containing the above-mentioned reactor includes a feeding system, a reaction system and a product collection system; the feeding system is used to transport traditional Chinese medicine residue from the storage stage to the reactor, the reaction system includes a reactor for hydrothermal reaction treatment of the traditional Chinese medicine residue, and the product collection system is used to separate and collect solid and liquid products.

[0012] Among them, the pretreatment feeding system includes a conveyor belt, a preheating storage tank and a pressure pump. The conveyor belt is used to send the Chinese medicine residue to the preheating storage tank, and the preheating storage tank is used for the preliminary heating of the Chinese medicine residue; the pressure pump is used to pressurize the preheated Chinese medicine residue and send it to the reactor for hydrothermal carbonization reaction.

[0013] The reactor includes a feed port and a discharge port. During the reaction process, the feed port and the discharge port are closed to keep the reactor pressurized. After the reaction is completed, the discharge port is opened and the reaction product flows into the solid-liquid separation tank.

[0014] Among them, the product collection system includes a solid-liquid separation tank, a carbon collection tank and a liquid collection tank; the product after the hydrothermal reaction enters the solid-liquid separation tank for solid-liquid separation, the separated solid product enters the carbon collection tank, and the liquid enters the liquid collection tank.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant effects: the reactor of the present invention adopts a multi-layer spiral structure and combines microwave heating and acoustic vibration technology, which can effectively improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency and reaction uniformity in the reactor; the multi-layer spiral structure can optimize the flow path of the material during the carbonization process, increase the contact area between the Chinese medicine residue and the reaction medium, ensure that the material in each area of ​​the reactor is heated evenly, that is, the heat is evenly distributed, and avoid local overheating or overcooling; at the same time, the microwave heating technology realizes the synchronous heating of the inside and outside of the material through the absorption of microwaves by water molecules, significantly accelerates the carbonization reaction, and solves the "external heat and internal cold" problem existing in the traditional heating method; acoustic vibration can accelerate heat transfer, improve the uniform distribution of heat in the reaction medium, and thus improve the rate and efficiency of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction; and by optimizing the motion state of the reaction materials, promote the rapid reaction of the substances, thereby significantly improving the quality and yield of the carbonized products. The present invention can ensure the uniformity of heat and pressure of the materials in the reaction process, reduce the reaction time and improve the product quality, thereby solving the problems of unstable quality of carbonized products and low processing efficiency caused by uneven heat transfer in the existing hydrothermal carbonization device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the reactor of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a system principle diagram of the hydrothermal carbonization system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] like Figure 1As shown, the hydrothermal carbonization reactor for Chinese medicinal residues of the present invention includes a rotatable shafted spiral blade 41. The spiral blades 46 of the shafted spiral blade 41 are distributed at a uniform pitch along the axis of a rotating shaft 48, with the pitch of the spiral blades 46 being 1 / 12 to 14 of the reactor height. The spiral blades 46 are tilted downward at a 30° angle. The reactor also includes a microwave heater 42 and a sonic generator 43 disposed on the reactor sidewalls. The reactor body is cylindrical, and the shafted spiral blade 41 is located at the reactor's central axis. The diameter of the shafted spiral blade 41 is 70% of the reactor's inner diameter. The shafted spiral blade 41 is driven to rotate by a motor 47, and the shafted spiral blade 41 is made of stainless steel.

[0019] The spiral structure includes a spiral blade 46 and a rotating shaft 48. This arrangement effectively increases the contact area between the Chinese herbal medicine residue and the reaction medium, improving the reaction rate and the quality of the carbonized product. The shafted spiral blade 41 is driven by an external motor 47. Its structural design optimizes the material flow path within the reactor, significantly enhancing the efficiency of the carbonization process and the uniformity of the heat distribution within the reactor.

[0020] The microwave heaters 42 are distributed on the outside of the reactor, symmetrically on both sides and equidistantly above and below, so that the temperature inside the reactor quickly reaches the required hydrothermal reaction temperature range (160-250°C). A wire induction is provided inside the reactor, and dielectric heating is used to assist in strengthening the hydrothermal reaction and improving the carbonization efficiency. The sound wave generator 43 is arranged at the bottom of the reactor. The integral sound wave frequency range is 20kHz to 100kHz. The sound waves in this range and the rotation of the axial spiral blades can achieve a resonance effect, thereby enhancing the microscopic vibration of the material in the reactor to increase the reaction rate, thereby improving the contact degree between heat and the reaction medium, increasing the reaction rate and improving the quality of the carbon product.

[0021] like Figure 2As shown, the hydrothermal carbonization system containing the above-mentioned reactor includes a feeding system, a reaction system, and a product collection system; the feeding system is used to transport the Chinese medicine residue from the storage stage to the reactor 4, the reaction system includes the reactor 4, and is used for the hydrothermal reaction treatment of the Chinese medicine residue; the product collection system is used to separate and collect solid and liquid products. Among them, the pretreatment feeding system includes a conveyor belt 1, a preheating storage tank 2, and a pressure pump 3. The conveyor belt is used to transport the Chinese medicine residue to the preheating storage tank 2, which is used for the initial heating of the Chinese medicine residue; the pressure pump 3 is used to pressurize the preheated Chinese medicine residue and then transport it to the reactor 4 for hydrothermal carbonization reaction. The reactor 4 includes a feed port 45 and a discharge port 44. During the reaction process, the feed port 45 and the discharge port 44 are in a closed state to keep the reactor 4 in a pressurized state during the reaction process. After the reaction is completed, the discharge port 44 is opened, and the reacted product flows into the solid-liquid separation tank 5. The product collection system includes a solid-liquid separation tank 5, a charcoal collection tank 6, and a liquid collection tank 7. The product after the hydrothermal reaction enters the solid-liquid separation tank 5 for solid-liquid separation. The separated solid product enters the charcoal collection tank 6, and the liquid enters the liquid collection tank 7. The waste heat of the liquid product after separation can also be used to preheat the material in the preheating storage tank 2 using a heat exchanger 8.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] The hydrothermal carbonization system of the present invention was used to treat 40 kg of Astragalus root residue with a water content of 75 wt%, specifically as follows:

[0024] (1) The Chinese medicine residue passes through a conveyor belt 1 and enters a preheating storage tank 2, where it is preheated to 95°C and enters a hydrothermal carbonization reactor 4 through a pressure pump 3;

[0025] (2) At this time, the pressure of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor 4 is set to 2.5 MPa, and the frequency of the microwave heater is 2.45 MHz, so that the temperature of the Chinese medicine residue is quickly raised to 180 ° C. During the reaction, the frequency of the sound wave generator is set to 40 kHz and the power is 700 W. The rotation speed of the spiral blade 41 with a shaft is set to 50 rpm, the pitch of the spiral blade 46 is 200 mm, and the downward inclination angle of the spiral blade 46 is 30 °. Under this setting, the frequency of the sound wave matches the natural frequency of the spiral structure, and a resonance effect is formed between the sound wave and the spiral blade with a shaft, which increases the microscopic vibration of the material in the reactor, so that the material can be evenly contacted with the reaction medium, thereby improving the heat energy transfer efficiency and the reaction rate of the material; resonance can also prevent the material from agglomerating or agglomerating, and promote the uniformity of the reaction; after 120 minutes of reaction, the valve on the discharge pipe is opened, and the product after the reaction flows into the solid-liquid separation tank 5 for solid-liquid separation;

[0026] (3) The product is subjected to solid-liquid separation in the solid-liquid separation tank 5. The separated solid product enters the carbon collection tank 6, and the liquid enters the liquid collection tank 7. The obtained solid product is weighed to be 16.04 kg.

[0027] The biochar yield was calculated according to the following formula:

[0028] Biochar yield (%) = biochar mass ÷ Chinese medicinal residue raw material mass × 100%

[0029] The biochar yield produced in Example 1 reached 40.1%. This yield is significantly higher than the yield of conventional hydrothermal carbonization devices (24-35%). Furthermore, the hydrothermal reaction time of conventional hydrothermal carbonization devices typically exceeds 180 minutes, requiring high energy consumption. Therefore, the hydrothermal carbonization device of the present invention not only improves the yield but also significantly shortens the reaction time.

[0030] Subsequently, the physical and chemical properties of the biochar produced in Example 1 were tested using a BET analyzer. The results showed that the specific surface area of ​​the biochar produced after hydrothermal carbonization of the astragalus herbal medicine residue was 368m2 / g and the pore volume was 0.033cm3 / g. In contrast, the specific surface area of ​​the biochar produced after hydrothermal carbonization of the astragalus herbal medicine residue using a conventional hydrothermal carbonization device is generally around 250-320m2 / g, and the pore volume is between 0.019-0.028cm3 / g. Therefore, the hydrothermal carbonization device of the present invention not only has a higher production efficiency than the conventional hydrothermal carbonization device, but also produces hydrothermal carbon with good performance.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] The hydrothermal carbonization system of the present invention was used to treat 45 kg of Scutellaria baicalensis dregs with a moisture content of 75 wt%, specifically as follows:

[0033] (1) The Chinese medicine residue passes through a conveyor belt 1 and enters a preheating storage tank 2, where it is heated to 95°C and then enters a hydrothermal carbonization reactor 4 through a pressure pump 3;

[0034] (2) At this time, the pressure of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor 4 is set to 2.5MPa, and the frequency of the microwave heater is 2.45MHz, so that the temperature of the Chinese medicine residue is rapidly raised to 200°C; during the reaction process, the frequency of the sound wave generator is set to 60kHz, the power is 1000W, the speed of the shafted spiral blade 41 is set to 60rpm, and the pitch of the spiral blade 46 is 250mm; the downward tilt angle of the spiral blade 46 is 30°. Under this configuration, the sound waves and the shafted spiral blade 41 produce resonance through the rotation of the spiral blade, which enhances the microscopic vibration of the material and prevents the material from agglomerating, thereby ensuring uniform flow of the material, increasing the contact area between heat and the material, improving the heat transfer efficiency, and promoting the reaction rate; after 150 minutes of reaction, the valve on the discharge pipe is opened, and the reaction product flows into the solid-liquid separation tank 5 for solid-liquid separation;

[0035] (3) The product is subjected to solid-liquid separation in the solid-liquid separation tank 5. The separated solid product enters the carbon collection tank 6, and the liquid enters the liquid collection tank 7. The obtained solid product is weighed to 17.37 kg.

[0036] The yield of biochar produced in Example 2 reached 38.6%. Subsequently, the physical and chemical properties of the produced biochar were tested. The results of the BET characterization test showed that the biochar produced after hydrothermal carbonization of the traditional Chinese medicine residue of Scutellaria baicalensis was 378 m2 / g and the pore volume was 0.038 cm3 / g.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] The hydrothermal carbonization system of the present invention was used to treat 35 kg of Weisu Chinese medicine residue with a water content of 65 wt%, specifically as follows:

[0039] (1) The Chinese medicine residue passes through a conveyor belt 1 and enters a preheating storage tank 2, where it is heated to 85°C and then enters a hydrothermal carbonization reactor 4 through a pressure pump 3;

[0040] (2) At this time, the pressure of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor 4 is set to 3MPa, and the frequency of the microwave heater is 2.45MHz, so that the temperature of the Chinese medicine residue is rapidly raised to 210°C, entering the ideal temperature range of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction. During the reaction, the frequency of the sound wave generator is set to 75kHz, the power is 1200W, the rotation speed of the shafted spiral blade 41 is set to 80rpm, the pitch of the spiral blade 46 is 250mm; the downward tilt angle of the spiral blade 46 is 30°. Under this configuration, the sound waves and the shafted spiral blade 41 produce resonance through the rotation of the spiral blade, which enhances the microscopic vibration of the material, ensures the uniform flow of the material, avoids the agglomeration or agglomeration of the material, thereby increasing the contact area between the heat and the material, and further promoting the reaction rate; after 150 minutes of reaction, open the valve on the discharge pipe, and the product after the reaction flows into the solid-liquid separation tank 5 for solid-liquid separation;

[0041] (3) The product is subjected to solid-liquid separation in the solid-liquid separation tank 5. The separated solid product enters the carbon collection tank 6, and the liquid enters the liquid collection tank 7. The obtained solid product is weighed to 15.12 kg.

[0042] The yield of biochar obtained in Example 3 reached 43.2%. Subsequently, the physical and chemical properties of the obtained biochar were tested, and the BET characterization test results showed that the specific surface area of ​​the biochar obtained after hydrothermal carbonization of the Wei Su Chinese medicine residue was 396 m2 / g and the pore volume was 0.035 cm3 / g.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] The only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 was that no acoustic wave generator was installed. That is, the acoustic wave generator was not activated during the reaction, or the hydrothermal carbonization reactor itself was not equipped with an acoustic wave generator. After 180 minutes of reaction, the reaction product was flowed into solid-liquid separation tank 5 for solid-liquid separation. The resulting solid product was weighed and weighed 12.6 kg.

[0045] The biochar yield obtained in Comparative Example 1 was 31.5%. The physical and chemical properties of the biochar obtained in Comparative Example 1 were tested using a BET analyzer. The results showed that the biochar obtained after hydrothermal carbonization of the astragalus root residue had a specific surface area of ​​332 m2 / g and a pore volume of 0.029 cm3 / g.

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 2 differed only in that the pitch of spiral blade 46 was 300 mm, and the downward inclination angle of spiral blade 46 was 45°. After 180 minutes of reaction, the reaction product flowed into solid-liquid separation tank 5 for solid-liquid separation. The resulting solid product was weighed and found to be 14.12 kg.

[0048] The biochar yield obtained in Comparative Example 2 was 35.3%. The physical and chemical properties of the biochar obtained in Comparative Example 2 were tested using a BET analyzer. The results showed that the biochar obtained after hydrothermal carbonization of the astragalus root residue had a specific surface area of ​​345 m2 / g and a pore volume of 0.031 cm3 / g.

[0049] The present invention arranges spiral blades with shafts in the reactor to form a spiral channel, which can greatly increase the heating surface of the material in the reaction process, thereby improving the reaction efficiency; at the same time, the microwave heater with multiple heating points can realize non-contact rapid and uniform heating of the material; the acoustic wave vibration can further enhance the fluidity of the material and accelerate the carbonization reaction process; the reactor of the present invention greatly improves the hydrothermal reaction efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine residues and the quality of carbonized products by designing a spiral structure with the coordination of microwave heating and acoustic wave vibration, thereby realizing efficient production of carbonized products.

Claims

1. A hydrothermal carbonization reactor for Chinese medicinal residues, characterized in that: The invention comprises a rotatable spiral blade (41) with a shaft, wherein the spiral blades (46) of the spiral blade (41) are distributed with equal pitches along the axial direction of the shaft; and a microwave heater (42) and a sound wave generator (43) arranged on the side wall of the reactor.

2. The hydrothermal carbonization reactor for Chinese medicinal residues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the spiral blade (41) with shaft is 75-85% of the inner diameter of the reactor.

3. The hydrothermal carbonization reactor for Chinese medicinal residues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pitch of the spiral blade (46) is 1 / 12 to 14 of the reactor height; the downward inclination angle of the spiral blade (46) is 25 to 30 degrees.

4. The hydrothermal carbonization reactor for Chinese medicinal residues according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the longitudinal direction, a plurality of groups of microwave heaters (42) are arranged on the side wall of the reactor; each group of microwave heaters (42) is symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction on the side wall of the reactor.

5. The hydrothermal carbonization reactor for Chinese medicinal residues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sound wave generator (43) is installed at the bottom of the reactor, and the sound wave frequency is 20 to 100 kHz.

6. A hydrothermal carbonization system comprising the reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises a feeding system, a reaction system and a product collection system; the feeding system is used to transport the Chinese medicine residue to a reactor (4); the reaction system comprises a reactor (4) for hydrothermal reaction treatment of the Chinese medicine residue; and the product collection system is used to separate and collect solid and liquid products.

7. The hydrothermal carbonization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The feeding system comprises a conveyor belt (1), a preheating storage tank (2) and a pressure pump (3); the conveyor belt is used to deliver the Chinese medicine residue to the preheating storage tank (2); the preheating storage tank (2) is used to preheat the Chinese medicine residue; the pressure pump (3) is used to pressurize the preheated Chinese medicine residue and deliver it to the reactor (4).

8. The hydrothermal carbonization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reactor (4) comprises a feed port (45) and a discharge port (44). During the reaction process, the feed port (45) and the discharge port (44) are in a closed state to keep the reactor in a pressurized state during the reaction process. After the reaction is completed, the discharge port (44) is opened, and the product after the reaction flows into the solid-liquid separation tank (5).

9. The hydrothermal carbonization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The product collection system comprises a solid-liquid separation tank (6), a charcoal collection tank (6) and a liquid collection tank (7); the product after the hydrothermal reaction enters the solid-liquid separation tank (5) for solid-liquid separation, the separated solid product enters the charcoal collection tank (6), and the liquid enters the liquid collection tank (7).

Images