Numerical control rough machining equipment and method for complex shaft parts of helicopters

Abstract

The invention provides numerical control rough machining equipment and a numerical control rough machining method for complex shaft parts of helicopters. The Y shaft is mounted on the lathe bed; the tool turret is mounted on the Y axis; the main shaft is mounted on the lathe bed; the main shaft clamping jaw is mounted on the main shaft; the Z shaft is mounted on the lathe bed; the auxiliary main shaft is arranged on the Z shaft, and the auxiliary main shaft clamping jaw is arranged on the auxiliary main shaft; the numerical control system is used for controlling the Y shaft and the Z shaft to move, the main shaft clamping jaw and the auxiliary main shaft clamping jaw to be opened and closed, the main shaft and the auxiliary main shaft to rotate forwards and backwards, and controlling the tool turret to rotate; measurement and manual intervention are not needed in the whole manufacturing process, and preparation and machining efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of CNC machining of parts, and in particular relates to a CNC rough machining device and method for complex shaft parts of helicopters. Background Art

[0002] In the rotor hub of a helicopter rotor system, the shaft used to connect the parts plays a role in fastening and force transmission. It has strict requirements on fatigue performance and its structure is complex. It is also called a complex shaft (similar to a fastener). In recent years, with the rapid development of national defense and national construction, the demand for helicopters has increased significantly, and it has become a blowout development. The traditional discrete manufacturing model is difficult to meet the production capacity requirements. In order to increase production capacity, flexible digital production lines are used for processing. The blanks of such parts are mainly steel round bars or hexagonal square bars. In order to meet the hardenability and reduce tool wear, rough processing must be carried out before heat treatment.

[0003] In order to meet the process requirements, rough machining needs to produce features such as process bosses at both ends, center holes, grooves, and polished rods. Existing rough machining processes: ① Clamp the blank with a three-claw chuck, expose one end, and process the small end process boss, ejector hole, and groove; ② Turn around and clamp, process the large end process boss, center hole, groove, and polished rod 2; ③ Use the two-top and one-clamp method, the movement clamp clamps the large end process boss, the tailstock supports the small end center hole, and processes the polished rod.

[0004] The existing methods have exposed several problems: high dependence on skills, low efficiency, relatively long manufacturing cycle, etc., which make it difficult to meet the mass manufacturing rhythm of the production line. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application proposes a CNC rough machining device and method for helicopter special-shaped complex shaft parts.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a CNC rough machining device for complex shaft parts of helicopters, the device comprising:

[0007] Bed;

[0008] A Y-axis mounted on the bed;

[0009] A turret mounted on the Y-axis;

[0010] A spindle, mounted on the bed;

[0011] A spindle claw, mounted on the spindle;

[0012] A Z axis, mounted on the bed;

[0013] Sub-spindle, mounted on the Z axis

[0014] A secondary spindle claw, mounted on the secondary spindle;

[0015] The numerical control system is used to control the movement of the Y-axis and the Z-axis, the opening and closing of the main spindle clamping jaws and the sub-spindle clamping jaws, the forward and reverse rotation of the main spindle and the sub-spindle, and the rotation of the turret.

[0016] Preferably, the device further comprises:

[0017] The tools required for the spindle are installed on the turret in numerical order corresponding to the tool position numbers;

[0018] The tools required for the sub-spindle are installed on the turret in numerical order corresponding to the tool position numbers.

[0019] Preferably, the tools required for the spindle include a T1 external cylindrical cutter, a T3 cutter, and a T5 center drill.

[0020] Preferably, the tools required for the sub-spindle include a T2 external cylindrical cutter, a T4 cut-off cutter, and a T6 center drill.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a CNC rough machining method for complex shaft parts of a helicopter, the method comprising:

[0022] Installing the blank on a CNC rough processing device; wherein the blank is a round bar;

[0023] Calling the machine tool origin setting program to set the coordinate system at the end face of the blank;

[0024] Processing small end features of shaft parts;

[0025] Machining the long polished rod features of shaft parts;

[0026] Machining the big end features of shaft parts.

[0027] Preferably, the processing of the small end features of shaft parts includes:

[0028] The CNC system controls the Z axis to move away from the spindle to a safe position, and the machine tool changes the cutting tool required for the spindle to process the end face of the small end process boss;

[0029] Replace the T5 center drill and drill the center hole of the small end process boss;

[0030] Replace the T1 external cylindrical turning tool to process the small end boss;

[0031] Change to T3 cutter and process the small end groove;

[0032] Change to T1 external cylindrical turning tool, process the long polished rod to a length of 9mm, and move the turret to a safe position.

[0033] Preferably, the processing of the long polished rod feature of the shaft parts includes:

[0034] The CNC system controls the sub-spindle jaws to loosen, and the Z axis moves toward the main axis until it reaches the position of the processed long polished rod and is clamped; the main axis jaws loosen, and the Z axis moves 26 mm away from the main axis. The main axis jaws clamp the blank, and the sub-spindle jaws loosen, and the Z axis moves away from the main axis to a safe position;

[0035] The judgment is made, the condition is that the length of the processed polished rod part 9mm plus the 26mm moved by the Z axis equals 35mm, which is less than the total length of the long polished rod 71mm. The T1 external cylindrical tool required by the spindle is called to process the long polished rod length of 26mm, and the turret moves to a safe position;

[0036] The sub-spindle jaws are released, and the Z axis moves toward the main axis until it reaches the position of the processed long polished rod and is clamped; the main axis jaws are released, and the Z axis moves 26 mm away from the main axis. The main axis jaws clamp the blank, and the sub-spindle jaws are released, and the Z axis moves away from the main axis to a safe position;

[0037] The judgment is made, the condition is that the length of the processed polished rod part 35mm plus the 26mm moved by the Z axis equals 61mm, which is less than the total length of the long polished rod 71mm. The T1 external cylindrical tool required by the spindle is called to process the long polished rod length of 26mm, and the turret moves to a safe position;

[0038] Repeat the previous action. When the total length of the polished rod is greater than 71mm, the spindle stops and the turret moves to a safe position.

[0039] Preferably, the processing of the large end features of shaft parts includes:

[0040] The CNC system controls the sub-spindle jaws to loosen, and the Z-axis moves toward the main axis until it reaches the position of the most recently processed long polished rod and clamps it; the main axis jaws are loosened, and the Z-axis moves away from the main axis to a safe distance; the sub-chuck is replaced with the required T4 cutting tool to process the end face of the large-end process boss; the T6 center drill is replaced to drill the ejector hole of the large-end process boss, the T2 external cylindrical tool is replaced to process the large-end process boss, and the T4 cutting tool is replaced to process the large-end groove.

[0041] Beneficial technical effects of this application:

[0042] The present invention provides a CNC rough machining device and method for complex helicopter shaft parts. In actual use, workers only need to determine the parameters required for rough machining and forming according to the final size of the parts, clamp the parts once, and the equipment automatically completes the machining of all contours. The number of clamping preparations is reduced from three times to one, and the programming and measurement skills required of the operator are reduced. The entire manufacturing process does not require measurement and manual intervention, and the preparation and machining efficiency is significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a typical special-shaped shaft part provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 2 is a rough machining shape feature diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a CNC rough machining equipment for complex shaft parts of a helicopter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a coordinate system construction diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 5 It is a processing diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 6 It is a secondary processing diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 7 It is a three-time processing diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Among them, the shaft cap 11, the overtravel groove 12, the polished rod 13, the tool retreat groove 14, the thread 15, the small-end ejector hole 21, the small-end process boss 22, the small-end groove 23, the long polished rod 24, the short polished rod 25, the large-end groove 26, the large-end process boss 27, the large-end ejector hole 28, the bed 31, the spindle 32, the spindle claw 33, the turret 34, the Y-axis 35, the sub-spindle claw 36, the sub-spindle 37, the Z-axis 38, the three-jaw opening 41, the coordinate system 42, and the blank 43. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present application provides a CNC rough machining device and method for helicopter special-shaped complex shaft parts. The part features include shaft cap, overtravel groove, polished rod, undercut groove, and thread; the part features after rough machining of the blank include small end ejector hole, small end process boss, small end groove, small end end face, small end ejector hole, long polished rod, short polished rod, large end groove, large end process boss, and large end end face.

[0052] The equipment provided in this application includes a CNC system and a hardware-based CNC lathe with an inclined bed and dual spindles. The hardware includes a turret, a Y-axis, a bed, a spindle, a sub-spindle, a Z-axis, a main chuck, a sub-chuck, and the like.

[0053] Among them, the Y-axis is installed on the bed, the turret is installed on the Y-axis, the spindle is installed on the bed, the main chuck is installed on the spindle, the Z-axis is installed on the bed, the sub-spindle is installed on the Z-axis, and the sub-chuck is installed on the sub-spindle.

[0054] Among them, the CNC system can control the movement of the Y-axis and Z-axis, control the opening and closing of the main chuck jaws and the auxiliary chuck jaws, control the forward and reverse rotation of the main spindle and the auxiliary spindle, and control the forward and reverse rotation of the turret.

[0055] The tools are installed on the turret seat, and the tools include the external cylindrical tool, cutting tool, and center drill required for the main spindle; the probe; the external cylindrical tool, cutting tool, and center drill required for the sub-spindle.

[0056] The blank is a round bar or a hexagonal bar. The jaws of the main chuck are loosened, the blank is put in, and a certain length is exposed. The jaws are clamped and the door is closed.

[0057] In this process, a machine tool probe is used to set the coordinate origin on the exposed end face of the blank.

[0058] In other embodiments of the present application, the processing method provided by the present application includes: executing the CNC processing program of shaft parts, and the equipment will carry out part processing in sequence, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0059] Step 1. Process the small end features of shaft parts

[0060] After executing the program, the Z axis moves away from the spindle to a safe position, the machine tool changes the cutting tool required by the spindle to process the end face of the small-end process boss; changes the center drill to drill the center hole of the small-end process boss; changes the external cylindrical tool to process the small-end process boss; changes the cutting tool to process the small-end groove; changes the external cylindrical tool to process part of the long polished rod, and the turret moves to a safe position.

[0061] Step 2. Processing the long polished rod features of shaft parts

[0062] The sub-spindle jaws are released, and the Z axis moves toward the main axis until the processed long polished rod is located and clamped. The main axis jaws are released, and the Z axis moves a certain distance away from the main chuck. The main axis jaws clamp the blank, and the sub-spindle jaws are released, and the Z axis moves away from the main axis to a safe position.

[0063] Further: make a judgment, if the sub-spindle clamps the processed polished rod part and moves a certain distance plus the processed long polished rod part is greater than the total length of the long polished rod, call the external cylindrical turning tool required by the spindle to directly process the long polished rod feature, and the turret moves to a safe position;

[0064] Further: make a judgment, the condition is that when the sub-spindle clamps the processed polished rod part and moves a certain distance plus the processed long polished rod part is less than the total length of the long polished rod, the sub-spindle jaws are released, and the Z axis moves in the direction of the main axis until it reaches the position of the processed long polished rod and is clamped. The main axis jaws are released, and the Z axis moves a certain distance away from the main chuck. The main axis jaws clamp the processed polished rod part, and the sub-spindle jaws are released, and the Z axis moves away from the main axis to a safe position. At this time, the sum of the processed part and the moved part is compared with the total length of the long polished rod;

[0065] Further: if it is still smaller than the total length of the long polished rod, call the external cylindrical tool required by the spindle to process the moving distance, repeat the above actions until the length of the processed polished rod is greater than the total length of the long polished rod, call the external cylindrical tool required by the spindle to directly process the long polished rod feature, and move the turret to a safe position.

[0066] Step 3. Process the large end features of shaft parts

[0067] The sub-spindle jaws are loosened, and the Z axis moves toward the main axis until the position of the long polished rod that has been processed recently is clamped. The main axis jaws are loosened, and the Z axis moves a certain distance away from the main axis. Replace the sub-chuck with the required cutting tool to process the end face of the large end process boss; replace the center drill to drill the center hole of the large end process boss, replace the external cylindrical tool turning tool to process the large end process boss, and replace the cutting tool to process the large end groove.

[0068] The advantages of the present invention are as follows: In the actual application process of the present invention, a CNC rough machining method for complex shaft parts of helicopters only needs to determine the parameters required for rough machining and forming according to the final size of the parts, clamp the parts once, and the equipment automatically completes the machining of all contours. The number of clamping preparations is reduced from three times to one time, the programming and measurement skills required of the operator are reduced, the entire manufacturing process does not require measurement and manual intervention, and the preparation and machining efficiency is significantly improved.

[0069] The equipment includes a CNC system and hardware composed of a slant bed double spindle CNC lathe. The hardware composition is as follows Figure 3 As shown. The Y-axis 35 is mounted on the bed 31, the turret 34 is mounted on the Y-axis 35, the spindle 32 is mounted on the bed 31, the spindle claw 33 is mounted on the spindle 32, the Z-axis 38 is mounted on the bed 31, the sub-spindle 37 is mounted on the Z-axis 38, and the sub-spindle claw 36 is mounted on the sub-spindle 37. The numerical control system is a FANUC system, which can control the movement of the Y-axis 35 and the Z-axis 38, control the opening and closing of the spindle claw 33 and the sub-spindle claw 36, control the forward and reverse rotation of the spindle 32 and the sub-spindle 37, and control the rotation of the turret 34.

[0070] The tools include the external cylindrical cutter T1, cutting cutter T3, center drill T5 required for the main spindle; the probe T7; the external cylindrical cutter T2, cutting cutter T4, center drill T6 required for the sub-spindle, which are installed on the turret in numerical order corresponding to the tool position numbers.

[0071] The blank consists of a round bar with a length (120 mm) and a diameter (32 mm). The main chuck is loosened, and the blank is manually placed in with an exposed length of 36 ± 1 mm, and the chuck is clamped.

[0072] Call the machine tool origin setting program and set the coordinate system to the end face of the blank, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0073] After rough machining, the parts include a small end ejector hole (A2) 21, a small end process boss (diameter 10mm, length 15mm) 22, a small end groove 23 (diameter 8mm, length 15mm), a long polished rod 24 (diameter 20mm, length 71mm), a short polished rod 25 (diameter 28mm, length 10mm), a large end 26 groove (diameter 10mm, length 3mm), a large end process boss 27 (diameter 12mm, length 15mm), and a large end ejector hole 28 (A2).

[0074] Step 1. Process the small end features of shaft parts

[0075] After executing the program, the Z axis 38 moves away from the spindle 32 to a safe position, the machine tool changes the cutting tool T3 required by the spindle to process the end face of the small end process boss; changes the center drill T5 to drill the center hole 21 of the small end process boss; changes the external cylindrical turning tool T1 to process the small end process boss 22; changes the cutting tool T3 to process the small end groove 23; changes the external cylindrical turning tool T1 to process the length of the long polished rod to 9mm (such as Figure 5 As shown), the turret 34 moves to a safe position.

[0076] Step 2. Processing the long polished rod features of shaft parts

[0077] The sub-spindle jaws 36 are released, and the Z axis moves toward the main axis 38 until the position of the processed long polished rod is reached and clamped. The main axis jaws 33 are released, and the Z axis 38 moves 26 mm away from the main axis 32. The main axis jaws 33 clamp the blank, and the sub-spindle jaws 36 are released, and the Z axis 38 moves away from the main axis 32 to a safe position.

[0078] The judgment is made, the condition is that the length of the processed polished rod part 9mm plus the 26mm moved by the Z axis 38 equals 35mm, which is less than the total length of the long polished rod 71mm, the external cylindrical turning tool T1 required by the spindle is called, the long polished rod length 26mm is processed, and the turret 34 moves to a safe position;

[0079] The sub-spindle jaws 36 are released, and the Z axis moves toward the main axis 38 until the position of the processed long polished rod is reached and clamped. The main axis jaws 33 are released, and the Z axis 38 moves 26 mm away from the main axis 32. The main axis jaws 33 clamp the blank, and the sub-spindle jaws 36 are released, and the Z axis 38 moves away from the main axis 32 to a safe position.

[0080] The judgment is made, the condition is that the length of the processed polished rod part 35mm plus the 26mm moved by the Z axis 38 is equal to 61mm, which is less than the total length of the long polished rod 71mm, the external cylindrical turning tool T1 required by the spindle is called, the long polished rod length 26mm is processed, and the turret 34 is moved to a safe position;

[0081] Repeat the previous action. When the total length of the polished rod is greater than 71 mm, the spindle 32 stops and the turret 34 moves to a safe position. Figure 6 shown.

[0082] Step 3. Process the large end features of shaft parts

[0083] The sub-spindle jaw 37 is released, and the Z axis moves toward the main axis 38 until the position of the long polished rod that has been processed recently is clamped. The main axis jaw 33 is released, and the Z axis 38 moves away from the main axis 32 to a safe distance. Replace the sub-chuck with the required cutting tool T4 to process the end face of the large end process boss; replace the center drill T6 to drill the pinhole 28 of the large end process boss, replace the T2 external cylindrical tool turning tool to process the large end process boss 27, and replace the cutting tool T4 to process the large end groove 26, such as Figure 7 shown.

Claims

1. A CNC rough machining equipment for complex helicopter shaft parts, characterized in that: The device comprises: Bed; A Y-axis mounted on the bed; A turret mounted on the Y-axis; A spindle, mounted on the bed; A spindle claw, mounted on the spindle; A Z axis, mounted on the bed; Sub-spindle, mounted on the Z axis A secondary spindle claw, mounted on the secondary spindle; The numerical control system is used to control the movement of the Y-axis and the Z-axis, the opening and closing of the main spindle clamping jaws and the sub-spindle clamping jaws, the forward and reverse rotation of the main spindle and the sub-spindle, and the rotation of the turret.

2. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The device also includes: The tools required for the spindle are installed on the turret in numerical order corresponding to the tool position numbers; The tools required for the sub-spindle are installed on the turret in numerical order corresponding to the tool position numbers.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The tools required for the spindle include a T1 external cylindrical cutter, a T3 cutter, and a T5 center drill.

4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The tools required for the sub-spindle include a T2 external circular cutter, a T4 cutter, and a T6 center drill.

5. A CNC rough machining method for complex helicopter shaft parts, characterized in that: The method comprises: Installing the blank on a CNC rough processing device; wherein the blank is a round bar; Calling the machine tool origin setting program to set the coordinate system at the end face of the blank; Processing small end features of shaft parts; Machining the long polished rod features of shaft parts; Machining the big end features of shaft parts.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The processing of the small end features of shaft parts includes: The CNC system controls the Z axis to move away from the spindle to a safe position, and the machine tool changes the cutting tool required for the spindle to process the end face of the small end process boss; Replace the T5 center drill and drill the center hole of the small end process boss; Replace the T1 external cylindrical turning tool to process the small end boss; Change to T3 cutter and process the small end groove; Change to T1 external cylindrical turning tool, process the long polished rod to a length of 9mm, and move the turret to a safe position.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The processing shaft parts long polished rod features include: The CNC system controls the sub-spindle jaws to loosen, and the Z axis moves toward the main axis until it reaches the position of the processed long polished rod and is clamped; the main axis jaws loosen, and the Z axis moves 26 mm away from the main axis. The main axis jaws clamp the blank, and the sub-spindle jaws loosen, and the Z axis moves away from the main axis to a safe position; The judgment is made, the condition is that the length of the processed polished rod part 9mm plus the 26mm moved by the Z axis equals 35mm, which is less than the total length of the long polished rod 71mm. The T1 external cylindrical tool required by the spindle is called to process the long polished rod length of 26mm, and the turret moves to a safe position; The sub-spindle jaws are released, and the Z axis moves toward the main axis until it reaches the position of the processed long polished rod and is clamped; the main axis jaws are released, and the Z axis moves 26 mm away from the main axis. The main axis jaws clamp the blank, and the sub-spindle jaws are released, and the Z axis moves away from the main axis to a safe position; The judgment is made, the condition is that the length of the processed polished rod part 35mm plus the 26mm moved by the Z axis equals 61mm, which is less than the total length of the long polished rod 71mm. The T1 external cylindrical tool required by the spindle is called to process the long polished rod length of 26mm, and the turret moves to a safe position; Repeat the previous action. When the total length of the polished rod is greater than 71mm, the spindle stops and the turret moves to a safe position.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The processing of the large end features of the shaft parts includes: The CNC system controls the sub-spindle jaws to loosen, and the Z-axis moves toward the main axis until it reaches the position of the most recently processed long polished rod and clamps it; the main axis jaws are loosened, and the Z-axis moves away from the main axis to a safe distance; the sub-chuck is replaced with the required T4 cutting tool to process the end face of the large-end process boss; the T6 center drill is replaced to drill the ejector hole of the large-end process boss, the T2 external cylindrical tool is replaced to process the large-end process boss, and the T4 cutting tool is replaced to process the large-end groove.

Images