Lubricant formulations containing functionalized olefin polymers and reduced traditional dispersants

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition comprising: at least 50 mass% or more of one or more base oils; a detergent; and 0.01 to 20 mass% of a functionalized polymer comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having i) a pre-functionalization polymer Mn (GPC-PS) of 10,000 g / mol or more, ii) wherein the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing an amino group and / or a hydroxyl group, and iii) optionally, a functional group containing an amino group and / or a hydroxyl group, wherein the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is derived from a monomer selected from the group consisting of C2 to C30 (e.g., linear) alpha olefins and C4 to C20 conjugated dienes; wherein PIBSA-PAM having an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1,600 g / mol or greater is absent or substantially absent in the lubricating oil composition, or if present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (B) to high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25: 1.

Description

priority

[0001] This application claims priority to USSN 18 / 626,652, filed April 4, 2024, which in turn claims priority to and the benefit of USSN 63 / 584,675, filed September 22, 2023. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application is related to USSN 18 / 480,571 filed on October 4, 2023, which claims priority to USSN 63 / 379,006 filed on October 11, 2022 and applications claiming priority therefrom. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present disclosure relates to functionalized polymers (such as functionalized homopolymers or copolymers) having amide, imide and / or ester functionalities, wherein the backbone is preferably derived from one or more C2 to C 30 Alpha olefins and C4 to C 20 The invention relates to a formulation of a conjugated diene) as an additive in a lubricating oil composition having good dispersancy in engine crankcase applications, especially compression ignition engine applications, wherein conventional PIBSA-PAM dispersants are reduced or absent in the formulation. Background of the Invention

[0004] The emphasis on fuel economy has increased in recent years. One way to improve vehicle fuel economy is to design new lubricants that reduce friction while maintaining a good film thickness for durability and wear protection, while also preventing soot-induced viscosity increases. In an attempt to improve fuel economy, the use and regulation of low viscosity grades by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) has become increasingly common. One of the challenges of providing engine oils and / or transmission oils with these reduced viscosity grades is to maintain cleanliness. Such oils must be able to reduce sludge, provide good soot handling and provide wear protection while providing the required fuel economy benefits. These goals should be achieved while maintaining low levels of sulfated ash and phosphorus and ensuring seal compatibility. It is necessary to provide new engine oils with low viscosity grades that meet these requirements.

[0005] Base oils are often modified by adding additives such as viscosity index improvers (VIIs) and / or dispersants. VIIs can be used to mitigate the extent to which lubricant viscosity varies with temperature and are often used in the formulation of engine and transmission lubricants. Commonly used VIIs typically include polymeric materials that can be derived from ethylene-propylene copolymers, polymethacrylates, hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyisobutylene, and the like.

[0006] During the operation of the engine, oil-insoluble oxidation byproducts such as soot are produced. Dispersants help to keep these byproducts suspended or dissolved, thereby reducing their deposition on the metal surface. Commonly used dispersants include (poly) alkenyl succinic acid derivatives, such as alkyl-substituted succinic anhydrides, such as polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA), and alkyl-substituted succinimides, such as polyisobutylene succinimides (PIBSA-PAM), such as those derived from the reaction of maleated polyisobutylene with N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine or one or more monoamines and / or polyamines. Available dispersants include polyisobutylenes modified to include functional groups such as succinimide, hydroxyethylimide, succinate / amide and oxazolines by ene reaction or Diels Alder reaction. Other dispersants include polybutene, ethylene propylene polymers, and Mannich base derivatives of acrylic polymers.

[0007] Other dispersants are derived from the reaction of maleated polyalphaolefins (such as ethylene-propylene copolymers) and polyamines. U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,257 relates to additives for lubricating oil compositions comprising multifunctional olefin copolymer viscosity index improvers. Maleic anhydride is reacted or grafted onto the ethylene-propylene copolymer backbone in the presence of a solvent, and then the graft copolymer is reacted with a polyamine such as N-arylphenylenediamine in the presence of a surfactant to provide a multifunctional olefin copolymer viscosity index improver. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,258 relates to polyolefins derived from C3 to C 23 Multifunctional fuel and lubricant additives of acylated and then aminated copolymers of alpha-olefins.

[0008] Still other dispersants are derived from styrenic copolymers. US Patent No. 6,248,702 discloses reacting a maleated selectively hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer (Mn 10,000, Ex 1) with aminopropylmorpholine to form a dispersant material.

[0009] Still other dispersants are derived from copolymers of two different conjugated dienes, such as block copolymers of isoprene and butadiene. U.S. Pat. No. 5,780,540 discloses functionalized selectively hydrogenated isoprene butadiene diblock copolymers in an automotive additive package. The examples show N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine used in combination with polyethylene glycol monol, 4-(3-aminopropylmorpholine) and / or 3-dibutylaminopropylamine to functionalize maleated 10,000Mn and / or 20,000Mn isoprene-butadiene copolymers. Examples 1 and 2 show that the IB copolymers are made with 2,2'-bipyridine, which makes it less likely to have high 1,4 insertions.

[0010] Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,319,881 discloses functionalized selectively hydrogenated isoprene butadiene diblock copolymers in an automotive additive package. Example IV shows a maleated selectively hydrogenated isoprene butadiene diblock copolymer (Mn 15,000) which is reacted with aminopropylmorpholine to form a morpholinopropylsuccinimide adduct and then used as a dispersant in an additive package (Example V).

[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,600 relates to a reactive extrusion process for functionalizing (e.g., maleating and then aminating) copolymers of conjugated dienes, typically having an Mn of 500,000 to about 3,000,000. The examples show hydrogenated "low" molecular weight star polymers of hydrogenated homopolyisoprene having an average of 15 arms (35,000 Mn / arm) reacted in a reactive extruder with maleic anhydride and diethylaminopropylemine.

[0012] Still need to provide alternative or improved engine oil composition, it provides reduced sediment and / or higher formulation flexibility. The present disclosure provides engine oil composition including grafted multifunctional olefin copolymer to provide improved formulation window (including but not limited to improved ability and / or base stock flexibility to target specific viscosity), while also being able to reduce or eliminate traditional dispersants, such as PIBSA-PAM. In addition, the present disclosure solves these needs by utilizing functionalized polymers, the functionalized polymers including narrow molecular weight distribution polymers of one or more conjugated dienes, which have been hydrogenated and functionalized. The dispersant includes a composition containing a copolymer of two different conjugated dienes or a homopolymer of a conjugated diene. The polymer is selectively hydrogenated to produce a polymer with a highly controlled molecular weight distribution, thereby allowing uniform functionalization. Also provided is a lubricant fluid, such as mineral oil, petrochemical oil and synthetic oil, which has been modified by the functionalized polymer of the present disclosure in terms of its dispersing power and / or viscosity properties. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition comprising: A) at least 50 mass % or more of one or more base oils, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; and B) 0.01 to 20 mass % of a functionalized polymer, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having: i) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, ii) wherein the functional groups are derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups (i.e., wherein the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups), and iii) optionally, wherein the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is derived from a group consisting of C2 to C 30 (Preferably linear) alpha olefins and C4 to C 20 Conjugated diene monomers; wherein polyalkenylsuccinimide, wherein the polyalkenyl group is derived from polyisobutylene having an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1,600 g / mol or more and the imide is derived from a polyamine ("high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM"), is absent or substantially absent from the lubricating oil composition, or, if present, is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (B) to high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1; and C) a detergent optionally selected from a neutral alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergent and an overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergent.

[0014] The present disclosure further relates to a lubricating oil formulation comprising: a) functionalized copolymers comprising amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated C 4-5 A polymer of an olefin having: i) Mw / Mn less than 2, ii) a Functionality Distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (GPC-PS, as described in the Experimental section below), and iii) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer prior to functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, provided that if the polymer prior to functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS); and b) less than 5 mass % based on the mass of the composition of a succinimide dispersant comprising a C4 olefin (e.g., isobutylene) polymer having an Mn of 1200 g / mol or more (e.g., 1600 mol / g or more) and an imide functional group, the dispersant having: i) a functionality distribution (Fd) value greater than 3.5 (GPC-PS, as described in the experimental section below); Optionally, wherein the succinimide dispersant is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (B) to the succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1.

[0015] Typically, the succinimide dispersant is a PIBSA-PAM dispersant, i.e., a dispersant made by treating a polyisobutylene polymer with an acylating agent such as maleic acid or maleic anhydride and thereafter combining the acylated polymer with one or more polyamines to form an amide, imide and / or ester functionalized polyisobutylene.

[0016] According to still a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of the above-mentioned lubricating oil composition, wherein the lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity grade of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X or 0W-X, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50 (such as 30 or 40), see standard SAE J300 published in January 2015 by SAE International, formerly known as Society of Automotive Engineers. definition

[0017] For purposes of this specification and all claims herein, if the following words and expressions are used, they shall have the meanings given below.

[0018] For purposes herein, the new numbering scheme of the periodic table is used as described in CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING NEWS, 63(5), 27 (1985), i.e., alkali metals are Group 1 metals (e.g., Li, Na, K, etc.) and alkaline earth metals are Group 2 metals (e.g., Mg, Ca, Ba, etc.).

[0019] The term "comprising" or any cognates specifies the presence of stated elements, steps or integers or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements, steps, integers, components or combinations thereof. The expression "consisting of" or "consisting essentially of" or cognates may be encompassed within "comprising" or cognates, wherein "consisting essentially of" allows the inclusion of substances that do not substantially affect the characteristics of the composition to which it is applied.

[0020] The term "absent" when referring to a component included in the lubricating oil compositions described herein and in the claims thereof, means that the particular component is present at 0.000 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, or if "substantially absent", the component is present at an amount that does not affect the properties of the lubricating oil composition, such as less than 2 wt %, such as less than 1 wt %, such as less than 0.5 wt %, such as less than 1000 ppm, such as less than 100 ppm, such as 10 ppm, or less than 1 ppm or less than 0.001 ppm.

[0021] The term "approximately" refers to approximation, which includes values ​​obtained by rounding. As used herein, the term "approximately" to modify the amount of the ingredients, components or reactants of the present invention used refers to changes in the numerical amount that may occur, for example, by typical measurements and liquid handling procedures for making concentrates or lubricating oil compositions. In addition, changes may be made by unintentional errors in the measurement procedures, differences in the manufacture, source or purity of the ingredients used to make the composition or to carry out the method, etc. In one aspect, the term "approximately" refers to within 10% of the reported numerical value. In another aspect, the term "approximately" refers to within 5% of the reported numerical value. In yet another aspect, the term "approximately" refers to within 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1% of the reported numerical value.

[0022] The term "LOC" refers to a lubricating oil composition.

[0023] The term "major amount" means more than 50 mass % of the composition, such as more than 60 mass % of the composition, such as more than 70 mass % of the composition, such as 80 to 99.009 mass % of the composition, such as 80 to 99.9 mass %, such as 80 to 99.009 mass % of the composition, based on the mass of the composition.

[0024] The term "minor amount" means 50 mass % or less of the composition; such as 40 mass % or less of the composition; such as 30 mass % or less of the composition, such as 20 to 0.001 mass %, such as 20 to 0.1 mass %, based on the mass of the composition.

[0025] The term "effective amount" with respect to an additive refers to the amount of such additive in the lubricating oil composition such that the additive provides the desired technical effect.

[0026] The term "effective minor amount" with respect to an additive refers to an amount of such additive that is less than 50 mass % of the lubricating oil composition such that the additive provides the desired technical effect.

[0027] The term "effective major amount" with respect to an additive refers to an amount of such additive constituting 50 mass % or more of the lubricating oil composition such that the additive provides the desired technical effect.

[0028] Unless otherwise indicated, the term "mass %" refers to the mass percentage of a component based on the mass of the composition measured in grams, and is alternatively referred to as weight percent ("weight %", "wt %" or "% w / w").

[0029] The term "active ingredient" (also referred to as "ai," "ai," or "AI") refers to an additive material that is neither a diluent nor a solvent. Unless otherwise indicated, amounts herein are described as active ingredients.

[0030] As used herein, the terms "oil-soluble" and "oil-dispersible" or cognate terms do not necessarily mean that the compound or additive is soluble, dissolvable, miscible or capable of being suspended in the oil in all proportions. However, these mean that they are soluble or stably dispersible in the oil, for example, to an extent sufficient to exert their intended effect in the environment in which the oil is used. In addition, the additional incorporation of other additives may also allow the incorporation of higher amounts of a particular additive, if desired.

[0031] The term "hydrocarbon" refers to a compound of hydrogen and carbon atoms. A "heteroatom" is an atom other than carbon or hydrogen. When referred to as a "hydrocarbon", particularly as a "refined hydrocarbon", the hydrocarbon may also contain minor amounts (e.g., where the heteroatom does not substantially alter the hydrocarbon nature of the hydrocarbon compound) of one or more heteroatoms or heteroatom-containing groups (e.g., halogens, especially chlorine and fluorine, amino, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, sulfoxy, etc.).

[0032] The terms "group" and "radical" are used interchangeably herein.

[0033] The term "hydrocarbyl" refers to a group containing hydrogen and carbon atoms. Preferably, unless otherwise specified, the group consists essentially of hydrogen and carbon atoms, more preferably consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Preferably, the hydrocarbyl comprises an aliphatic hydrocarbyl. The term "hydrocarbyl" includes "alkyl", "alkenyl", "alkynyl" and "aryl" as defined herein. The hydrocarbyl may contain one or more atoms / groups other than carbon and hydrogen, as long as they do not affect the basic hydrocarbyl nature of the hydrocarbyl. Such atoms / groups (e.g., halogens, especially chlorine and fluorine, amino, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylthiol, nitro, nitroso, sulfoxy, etc.) are known to those skilled in the art.

[0034] The term "alkyl" refers to a carbon and hydrogen radical (e.g., C1 to C 30 , such as C1 to C 12 The alkyl group in the compound is usually directly bonded to the compound via a carbon atom. Unless otherwise specified, the alkyl group can be linear (linear) (i.e., unbranched) or branched, cyclic, acyclic or partially cyclic / acyclic. Preferably, the alkyl group comprises a linear or branched acyclic alkyl group. Representative examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, dimethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl and triacontyl.

[0035] The term "alkenyl" refers to a carbon and hydrogen group (e.g., C2 to C 30 Groups such as C2 to C 12 The alkenyl group in a compound is usually directly bonded to the compound via a carbon atom. Unless otherwise specified, the alkenyl group may be linear (ie, unbranched) or branched, cyclic, acyclic or partially cyclic / acyclic.

[0036] The term "alkylene" refers to a C1 to C 20 , preferably C1 to C 10 A divalent saturated aliphatic group which may be linear or branched. Representative examples of alkylene groups include methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, 1-methylethylene, 1-ethylethylene, 1-ethyl-2-methylethylene, 1,1-dimethylethylene, and 1-ethylpropylene.

[0037] "Olefins", also known as "alkenes", are linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbons having at least one double bond. "Alpha olefins" are olefins having a double bond in the alpha position. "Conjugated dienes" are olefins having two double bonds separated by a single bond. For purposes of this specification and the claims thereto, styrene is considered a conjugated diene. For purposes of this specification and the claims thereto, when a polymer or copolymer is referred to as comprising an olefin, the olefin present in such a polymer or copolymer is the polymerized form of the olefin. For example, when a copolymer is said to have an "isoprene" content of 55% to 95% by weight, it is understood that the monomer units in the copolymer are derived from isoprene in the polymerization reaction, the derived units being present at 55% to 95% by weight based on the weight of the copolymer. "Polymers" have two or more monomer units that are the same or different. "Homopolymers" are polymers having the same monomer units. "Copolymers" are polymers having two or more monomer units that are different from each other. "Different" as used to refer to monomer units means that the monomer units differ from each other by at least one atom or are isomerically different. An "isoprene polymer" or "isoprene copolymer" is a polymer or copolymer that comprises at least 50 mole percent isoprene-derived units, a "butadiene polymer" or "butadiene copolymer" is a polymer or copolymer that comprises at least 50 mole percent butadiene-derived units, and so forth. Likewise, when a polymer is referred to as "partially or fully saturated" comprising C 4-5 When a polymer or copolymer is used as a "polymer of olefins", the C 4-5 The olefin is the polymerized form of the olefin, and the polymer has been partially or fully saturated (eg, by hydrogenation) after polymerization of the monomers.

[0038] The term "alkynyl" refers to a C2 to C16 radical having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. 30 (such as C2 to C12 ) group.

[0039] The term "aryl" refers to a group containing at least one aromatic ring, such as cyclopentadiene, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, etc. Aryl is usually C5 to C 40 (such as C5 to C 18 , such as C6 to C 14 ) aryl, optionally substituted by one or more hydrocarbon groups, heteroatoms or heteroatom-containing groups (such as halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy and amino). Preferred aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl and substituted derivatives thereof, especially phenyl and alkyl substituted derivatives of phenyl.

[0040] The term "substituted" means that the hydrogen atom has been replaced by a hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom or a heteroatom-containing group. Alkyl substituted derivatives mean that the hydrogen atom has been replaced by an alkyl group. "Alkyl substituted phenyl" is a phenyl group in which the hydrogen atom has been replaced by an alkyl group, such as a C1 to C 20 Alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, dimethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl and / or triacontyl substituted phenyl.

[0041] The term "halogen" or "halo" refers to a Group 17 atom or a group of a Group 17 atom, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

[0042] The term "ashless" with respect to additives means that the composition includes no metals.

[0043] The term "ash-containing" with respect to additives means that the composition includes metals.

[0044] Unless otherwise indicated, the term "ppm" means parts per million by mass based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.

[0045] The term "metal content" of a lubricating oil composition or additive component, such as magnesium content, molybdenum content or total metal content (ie, the sum of all individual metal contents) is measured by ASTM D5185.

[0046] The term "aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid" refers to an aliphatic C7 to C 29 , preferably C9 to C 27 , the most preferred 11 To C 23 Such compounds may be referred to herein as aliphatic (C7 to C 29 ), more preferably (C9 to C 27 ), most preferably (C 11 To C 23) hydrocarbyl monocarboxylic acid or hydrocarbyl fatty acid (wherein Cx to Cy represent the total number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbyl chain of the fatty acid, the fatty acid itself comprising a total of Cx+1 to Cy+1 carbon atoms due to the presence of the carboxyl carbon atom). Preferably, the aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid, including the carboxyl carbon atom, has an even number of carbon atoms. The aliphatic hydrocarbyl chain of the fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated (i.e. comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond); preferably, the aliphatic hydrocarbyl chain is unsaturated and comprises at least one carbon-carbon double bond - such fatty acids may be obtained from natural sources (e.g. derived from animal or vegetable oils) and / or by reduction of the corresponding saturated fatty acids. It will be appreciated that a certain proportion of the aliphatic hydrocarbyl chain of the corresponding aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester is unsaturated (i.e. comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond) to allow reaction with other reagents (e.g. sulfur) to form the corresponding functionalized (e.g. sulfurized) aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester.

[0047] The term "aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid ester" refers to an ester obtainable by converting the monocarboxylic acid functional group of the corresponding aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid into an ester group. Suitably, the monocarboxylic acid functional group of the aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid is converted into a hydrocarbon ester, preferably a C1 to C 30 Aliphatic hydrocarbon esters, such as alkyl esters, preferably C1 to C6 alkyl esters, especially methyl esters. Alternatively or additionally, the monocarboxylic acid functional group of the aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid may be in the form of a natural glyceride. Accordingly, the term "aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid ester" includes aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid glycerides and aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid C1 to C6 30 Aliphatic hydrocarbon esters, [e.g., aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid alkyl esters, more preferably aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid C1 to C6 alkyl esters, especially aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid methyl esters]. Suitably, the term "aliphatic hydrocarbon fatty acid esters" includes aliphatic (C7 to C 29 ) hydrocarbon group, more preferably aliphatic (C9 to C 27 ) hydrocarbon group, most preferably aliphatic (C 11 To C 23 ) Hydrocarbyl fatty acid glycerides and aliphatic (C7 to C 29 ) hydrocarbon group, more preferably aliphatic (C9 to C 27 ) hydrocarbon group, most preferably aliphatic (C 11 To C 23 ) Hydrocarbyl fatty acids C1 to C 30 Aliphatic hydrocarbyl esters. Suitably, in order to allow functionalisation, such as sulphurisation, of the aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid esters, a proportion of the aliphatic hydrocarbyl chains of the fatty acid esters are unsaturated and comprise at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

[0048] The term "sulfurized aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester" refers to a compound obtained by sulfiding an aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester as defined herein.

[0049] The term "absent" when referring to a component included in the lubricating oil composition described herein and in the claims thereto means that the particular component is present at 0 wt% based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, or if present in the lubricating oil composition, the component is present at an amount that does not affect the properties of the lubricating oil composition, such as less than 10 ppm or less than 1 ppm or less than 0.001 ppm. When the term "absent" is used with respect to monomer reactants and / or with respect to repeating units in the (co)polymers described herein, it means that the components are present at 0 wt% based on the weight of all (co)monomers in the (co)polymer, or if present, the amounts are so low that they do not substantially affect the physical properties of the (co)polymer, such as 0.2 wt% or less or 0.1 wt% or less.

[0050] As used herein, Mn is the number average molecular weight, Mw is the weight average molecular weight, and Mz is the z-average molecular weight. Molecular weight distribution (MWD), also known as polydispersity index (PDI), is defined as Mw divided by Mn. Unless otherwise indicated, all molecular weight units (e.g., Mw, Mn, Mz) are reported in g / mol.

[0051] When used in the context of functionalized polymers (e.g., dispersants, functionalized styrenic polymers, etc.), molecular weights are typically reported with respect to the base polymer prior to modification. For example, in PIBSA-PAM dispersants, the molecular weight of the base polyisobutylene polymer is typically reported prior to functionalization with an acylating agent (maleic acid or anhydride) and a functional group (e.g., a polyamine).

[0052] With respect to an additive component or a lubricating oil composition (ie, an unused lubricating oil composition), Total Base Number, also referred to as "TBN," refers to the Total Base Number as measured by ASTM D2896 and reported in units of mgKOH / g.

[0053] Total Acid Number ("TAN") is determined by ASTM D664.

[0054] Phosphorus, boron, calcium, zinc, molybdenum, sodium, silicon and magnesium contents were measured by ASTM D5185.

[0055] The sulfur content in the oil formulations was measured by ASTM D5185.

[0056] Sulfated ash ("SASH") content is measured by ASTM D874.

[0057] Kinematic viscosity (KV100, KV40) was determined according to ASTM D445-19a and is reported in cSt unless otherwise specified.

[0058] The viscosity index is measured according to ASTM D2270.

[0059] Saponification value is determined by ASTM D94 and is reported in mgKOH / g.

[0060] HTCBT, high temperature corrosion bench test (high temperature corrosion bench test) is measured according to ASTMD6594.

[0061] The average functionality [also referred to as the average functionality value (Fv)] and functionality distribution (Fd) values ​​are determined by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene standards as described in the experimental section of USSN 63 / 379,006 filed on October 11, 2022, see also USSN 18 / 480,571 filed on October 4, 2023, which claims priority and benefits to USSN 63 / 379,006 filed on October 11, 2022.

[0062] PIBSA refers to polyisobutylene succinic anhydride.

[0063] PIBSA-PAM refers to a polyisobutylene succinimide, such as the reaction product of PIBSA and a polyamine. When a PIBSA-PAM is referred to as having a particular number average molecular weight (Mn), unless otherwise indicated, the molecular weight value refers to the Mn of the polyisobutylene from which the PIBSA-PAM is derived.

[0064] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages reported are mass % on an active ingredient basis, ie without taking into account carrier or diluent oil, unless otherwise stated.

[0065] It is also understood that the various components used (essential as well as optimal and conventional) may react under conditions of formulation, storage or use, and the present disclosure also provides products obtainable or obtained as a result of any such reaction.

[0066] Furthermore, it is to be understood that any upper and lower limits of amounts, ranges, and ratios recited herein are independently combinable.

[0067] It is also to be understood that the preferred features of each aspect of the present disclosure are considered as the preferred features of each other aspect of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the preferred and more preferred features of one aspect of the present disclosure can be independently combined with other preferred and / or more preferred features of the same or different aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0068] The features of the present disclosure are now described in more detail as follows, which pertain to each and all aspects of the present disclosure where appropriate.

[0069] The lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure include components that may or may not remain chemically identical before and after mixing with an oily carrier (such as a base oil) and / or other additives. The present disclosure encompasses compositions comprising components before mixing, or components after mixing, or components before and after mixing. Lubricating oil composition

[0070] The present disclosure relates to a lubricating oil composition (also referred to as a "LOC", "lubricant composition", "lubricating composition" or "lubricant oil composition") comprising or mixed with the following components: (a) 1 to 99 mass % (or 30 to 95 mass %, or 50 to 90 mass %, or 60 to 95 mass %, or 70 to 85 mass %) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating composition; (b) 0.01 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.05 to 20 mass %, or 0.10 to 15 mass %, or 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 2 mass %, or 0.5 to 1 mass %) of a functionalized polymer, based on the weight of the composition, comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group (such as a group derived from an amine or hydroxyl group) having: an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, and preferably having been functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxyl groups, (such as one or more amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated C-containing 2-5 a polymer of an olefin having: i) an Mw / Mn of less than 2, ii) optionally, a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (GPC-PS as described in the Experimental Section below), and iii) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, provided that preferably if the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS); c) 0.10 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 3 mass %) of one or more detergents (optionally one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents), based on the weight of the composition; d) 0 to 20 mass % (e.g., absent or substantially absent from the lubricating oil composition, or 0.1 to 12 mass %, or 0.25 to 8 mass %, or 0.5 to 5 mass %, or 0.05 to 3 mass %, or 0.05 to 1 mass %) of one or more polyalkenyl succinimide dispersants (e.g., a blend of dispersants), based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, wherein the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and has an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1100 g / mol or more (e.g., 1200 g / mol or more, such as 1300 g / mol or more, such as 1,600 g / mol or more) and the imide is derived from a polyamine, which, if present, is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (b) to polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1; and e) optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, 0 to 20 mass % (e.g., absent or substantially absent from the lubricating oil composition, or 0.1 to 12 mass %, or 0.25 to 8 mass %, or 0.5 to 5 mass %, or 0.05 to 3 mass %, or 0.05 to 1 mass %) of a dispersant other than b) or d) above, wherein the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (b) to the dispersant other than b) or d) if present is at least 0.25:1; The lubricating oil composition may preferably exhibit: 1) SAE viscosity grades of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X, or 0W-X (e.g., 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X), wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50 (e.g., 30 and 40); and 2) Optionally, 55 mg or less, 55 mg or less, such as 40 mg or less, such as 35 mg or less, such as 30 mg or less, such as 25 mg or less, such as 20 mg or less, such as 15 mg or less of total sediment as determined by MHT-4TEOST (ASTM D7097).

[0071] The present disclosure also relates to a lubricating oil composition, which comprises the following components or is obtained by mixing the following components: (i) 1 to 99 mass % (or 30 to 95 mass %, or 50 to 90 mass %, or 60 to 95 mass %, or 70 to 85 mass %) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating composition; (ii) 0 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.01 to 12 mass %, or 0.1 to 8 mass %, or 0.2 to 5 mass %) of one or more polyalkenyl succinimide dispersants other than (v) described below (such as a blend of dispersants), based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, wherein the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (v) to the dispersant, if present, is at least 0.25:1 (preferably, when the dispersant comprises a polyalkenyl succinimide in which the polyalkenyl group is derived from a polyisobutylene having an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1,600 g / mol or more and the imide is derived from a polyamine, the polyalkenyl succinimide is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (v) to the polyalkenyl succinimide is at least 0.25:1); and (iii) 0.10 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 3 mass %) of one or more detergents (optionally one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents), based on the weight of the composition; (iv) 0.001 to 10 wt % (particularly 0.01 to 5 wt %, or 0.1 to 3 wt %, or 0.25 to 1.5 wt %, or 0.5 to 1.0 wt %) of one or more antiwear agents (such as a blend of antiwear agents, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates), based on the total weight of the lubricating composition; (v) 0.10 to 20% by mass (particularly 0.15 to 10% by mass, or 0.20 to 5% by mass, or 0.25 to 2% by mass, or 0.5 to 1% by mass), based on the weight of the composition, of one or more amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated C-containing 4-5 A polymer of an olefin having: i) Mw / Mn less than 2, ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value (GPC-PS) of 3.5 or less, and iii) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer prior to functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, provided that preferably if the polymer prior to functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS), The lubricating oil composition may preferably exhibit: 1) SAE viscosity grades of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X, or 0W-X (e.g., 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X), wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50 (e.g., 30 and 40); and 2) optionally, 55 mg or less, 55 mg or less, such as 40 mg or less, such as 35 mg or less, such as 30 mg or less, such as 25 mg or less, such as 20 mg or less, such as 15 mg or less of Total Deposits as determined by MHT-4TEOST; and / or 3) Optionally, a coefficient of friction (as measured by HFRR as described in the Experimental section below) of 0.13 or less, 0.12 or less, such as 0.11 or less, such as 0.10 or less, such as 0.09 or less, such as 0.08 or less, such as 0.07 or less, such as 0.06 or less, such as 0.05 or less, such as 0.045 or less.

[0072] The present disclosure also relates to a lubricating oil composition, which comprises the following components or is obtained by mixing the following components: (i) 1 to 99 mass % (or 30 to 95 mass %, or 50 to 90 mass %, or 60 to 95 mass %, or 70 to 85 mass %) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating composition; (ii) 0 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.01 to 12 mass %, or 0.1 to 8 mass %, or 0.2 to 5 mass %) of one or more polyalkenyl succinimide dispersants other than (v) described below (such as a blend of dispersants), based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, wherein the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (v) to the polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant, if present, is at least 0.75:1 (preferably, when the dispersant comprises a polyalkenyl succinimide in which the polyalkenyl group is derived from polyisobutylene having an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1,600 g / mol or more and the imide is derived from a polyamine, the polyalkenyl succinimide is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (v) to the polyalkenyl succinimide is at least 1:1); and (iii) 0.10 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 3 mass %) of one or more detergents (optionally one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents), based on the weight of the composition; (iv) 0.001 to 10 wt % (particularly 0.01 to 5 wt %, or 0.1 to 3 wt %, or 0.25 to 1.5 wt %, or 0.5 to 1.0 wt %) of one or more antiwear agents (such as a blend of antiwear agents, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates), based on the total weight of the lubricating composition; (v) 0.10 to 20% by mass (particularly 0.15 to 10% by mass, or 0.20 to 5% by mass, or 0.25 to 2% by mass, or 0.5 to 1% by mass), based on the weight of the composition, of one or more amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated C2 to C 20 Polymers of linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins, such as ethylene and / or propylene, having: i) Mw / Mn less than 2, ii) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, The lubricating oil composition may preferably exhibit: 1) SAE viscosity grades of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X, or 0W-X (e.g., 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X), wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50 (e.g., 30 and 40); and 2) optionally, 55 mg or less, 55 mg or less, such as 40 mg or less, such as 35 mg or less, such as 30 mg or less, such as 25 mg or less, such as 20 mg or less, such as 15 mg or less of total sediment as determined by MHT-4TEOST (ASTM D7097); and / or 3) Optionally, a coefficient of friction (as measured by HFRR as described in the Experimental section below) of 0.13 or less, 0.12 or less, such as 0.11 or less, such as 0.10 or less, such as 0.09 or less, such as 0.08 or less, such as 0.07 or less, such as 0.06 or less, such as 0.05 or less, such as 0.045 or less.

[0073] The present disclosure also relates to a method for improving the total deposit performance as measured by MHT-4TEOST (ASTM D7097) of a lubricating oil composition containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant by partially replacing or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM in the lubricating oil composition with a functionalized polymer such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1, wherein the functionalized polymer comprises a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having: i) Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, ii) wherein the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups (including but not limited to wherein the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups), and iii) wherein the main chain of the homopolymer or copolymer is derived from a group consisting of C2 to C 30 Linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C4 to C 20 Conjugated diene monomers; The lubricant oil composition optionally comprises one or more neutral and / or overbased metal salicylate and / or sulfonate detergents.

[0074] The present disclosure also relates to a lubricant composition having an oil of lubricating viscosity comprising: 1) 0 to less than 5 mol% (based on the weight of the lubricant composition, such as less than 4 mass%, such as less than 3 mass%, such as less than 2 mass%, such as less than 1 mass%, such as less than 0.1 mass%) of a polyalkenyl succinimide, wherein the polyalkenyl is derived from a polyisobutylene having an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1,600 g / mol or more and the imide is derived from a polyamine (such as ADPA) having an Mn of 1200 g / mol or more (such as 1300 g / mol or more, such as 1400 g / mol or more, such as 1200 to 2500 g / mol, GPC-PS); and 2) 0.1 wt % to 20 wt % (based on the weight of the lubricant composition, such as 0.15 to 10 wt %, or 0.20 to 5 wt %, or 0.25 to 2 wt %) of a polymeric compound comprising an acylated polymer having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of about 25,000 to about 50,000 g / mol and wherein the polymer comprises an olefin having 4 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably wherein the acylated polymer is further reacted with an amine to form an amide, imide or a combination thereof. The reaction product may preferably be an amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated C-containing 4-5 A polymer of an olefin having: i) an Mw / Mn of less than 2, ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value (GPC-PS) of 3.5 or less, and iii) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, provided that if the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS).

[0075] The present disclosure also relates to a lubricating oil composition, which comprises the following components or is obtained by mixing the following components: A) 1 to 99 mass % (or 30 to 95 mass %, or 50 to 90 mass %, or 60 to 95 mass %, or 70 to 85 mass %) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; B) 0.10 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 2 mass %) of one or more functionalized polymers described herein (e.g., one or more C2 to C4-containing functionalized polymers described herein), based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; 20 Functionalized polymers of linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins (such as ethylene and / or propylene), functionalized polymers comprising one or more C4 to C5 olefins (such as butadiene and / or isoprene) as described herein, or both), such as one or more amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers as described herein; C) 0.10 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 3 mass %) of one or more detergents, optionally one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents (such as blends of detergents), based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; D) optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, 0.01 to 5 wt % (particularly 0.1 to 4 wt %, or 0.25 to 3 wt %, or 0.045-0.15 wt %) of one or more friction modifiers (such as a blend of friction modifiers); E) optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, 0.01 to 10 wt. % (particularly 0.01 to 5 wt. %, or 0.01 to 3 wt. %, or 0.1 to 1.5 wt. %) of one or more antioxidants (such as a blend of antioxidants); F) optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, 0.01 to 5 wt. % (particularly 0.01 to 3 wt. %, or 0.1 to 1.5 wt. %) of one or more pour point depressants (such as a blend of pour point depressants); G) optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, 0.001 to 5 wt. % (particularly 0.01 to 3 wt. %, or 0.1 to 1.5 wt. %) of one or more defoaming agents (such as a blend of defoaming agents); H) optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, 0.001 to 10 wt. % (particularly 0.01 to 6 wt. %, or 0.01 to 5 wt. %, or 0.1 to 4 wt. %, or 0.1 to 2 wt. %, or 0.1 to 1 wt. %) of one or more viscosity improvers (such as a blend of viscosity improvers); I) optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, 0 to 20 wt% (particularly 0.01 to 12 wt%, or 0.1 to 8 wt%, such as 0.2 to 5 wt%, such as 0 to 3 wt%, such as less than 1 wt%) of one or more polyalkenyl succinimide dispersants (such as a blend of dispersants), wherein the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and has an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1,600 g / mol or more and the imide is derived from a polyamine, which, if present, is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (b) to the polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 1:1; J) optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, 0.01 to 5 wt. % (particularly 0.1 to 3 wt. %, or 0.1 to 1.5 wt. %) of one or more inhibitors and / or anti-rust agents (e.g. a blend of inhibitors and / or anti-rust agents); K) 0.001 to 10 wt % (particularly 0.01 to 5 wt %, or 0.1 to 3 wt %, or 0.1 to 1.5 wt %) of one or more antiwear agents (e.g., a blend of antiwear agents, such as ZDDP), based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; M) optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, 0.01 to 5 wt. % (particularly 0.05 to 2 wt. %, or 0.1 to 1 wt. %) of one or more seal compatibilizers, such as seal swell agents, and / or O) Optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, 0.01 to 5% by weight (particularly 0.1 to 3% by weight, or 0.1 to 1.5% by weight) of one or more unsaturated C 12 -C 60 Hydrocarbons (such as C 12 -C 24 Linear α-olefins (LAO), oligomers / polymers of polyisobutylene, and / or blends thereof).

[0076] For the purposes of the present disclosure, component B) functionalized polymers are not added to the above ingredients C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, M and / or O to determine the weight percentage, although they may exhibit similar properties, for example, component B) functionalized polymers may positively affect wear, but are not added to component K) to determine the weight percentage of antiwear agent. In particular, the compositions according to the present disclosure may contain additives with different listed functions that are also aminated (e.g., dispersant components PIBSA-PAM, etc. described below in the dispersant section). For determining the amount of functionalized polymer in the lubricating oil composition or concentrate herein, these additives are not counted as functionalized polymers.

[0077] In some embodiments, all of ingredients D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, M, and O are present in addition to the base oil, detergent, and the one or more functionalized polymers described herein.

[0078] In some embodiments, ingredients D, E, F, G, H, I, and J are present in addition to the base oil, detergent, and the one or more functionalized polymers described herein.

[0079] In some embodiments, ingredients I, F, and G are present in addition to the base oil, detergent, and the one or more functionalized polymers described herein.

[0080] In some embodiments, ingredient K is present in addition to the base oil, detergent, and the one or more functionalized polymers described herein.

[0081] Suitably, the lubricant composition may have a total base number (TBN) of 4 to 15 mgKOH / g, preferably 5 to 12 mgKOH / g, such as 7 to 12 mgKOH / g, such as 8 to 11 mgKOH / g, as measured by ASTM D2896.

[0082] According to still further aspects of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may have a total deposit as measured by MHT-4TEOST of 55 mg or less, 55 mg or less, such as 40 mg or less, such as 35 mg or less, such as 30 mg or less, such as 25 mg or less, such as 20 mg or less, such as 15 mg or less.

[0083] According to still further aspects of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may have a coefficient of friction as measured by HFRR (as described in the Experimental section below) of 0.13 or less, 0.12 or less, such as 0.11 or less, such as 0.10 or less, such as 0.09 or less, such as 0.08 or less, such as 0.07 or less, such as 0.06 or less, such as 0.05 or less, such as 0.045 or less.

[0084] According to still further aspects of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may have a coefficient of friction as measured by HFRR (as described in the Experimental section below) that is at least 10% lower, or at least 20% lower, or at least 30% lower, or at least 40% lower, or at least 50% lower, or at least 60% lower than the coefficient of friction of the same oil (the base oil may be increased to make up 100 wt. %) except that the friction modifier is not present.

[0085] The lubricating composition of the present disclosure may contain a low phosphorus content, i.e. no more than 1600, preferably no more than 1200 (such as less than 1200), more preferably no more than 800, such as 1 to 1600, such as 50 to 1200, such as 100 to 800 parts per million (ppm) of phosphorus, expressed as phosphorus atoms, based on the total mass of the lubricating composition as measured by ASTM D5185. Suitably, the lubricant composition may have a phosphorus content of 1200 ppm or less, or 1000 ppm or less, or 800 ppm or less as measured by ASTM D5185.

[0086] The lubricating composition of the present disclosure may contain a magnesium atom / calcium atom ratio of at least 0.5, preferably at least 0.6, more preferably at least 0.65, based on the total mass of the lubricating composition as measured by ASTM D5185.

[0087] Typically, the lubricating composition may contain a low sulphur content. Preferably, the lubricating composition contains at most 0.4, more preferably at most 0.3, most preferably at most 0.2, such as 0.1 to 0.4 mass % sulphur based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition as measured by ASTM D5185.

[0088] Typically, the lubricating composition may contain a low sulfated ash content, for example 1.2% or less, such as 1.0% by mass or less, preferably 0.9% by mass or less, preferably 0.8% by mass or less, or 0.0001 to 0.5% by mass or less sulfated ash, based on the total mass of the lubricating composition as measured by ASTM D874-13a (2018).

[0089] Typically, the lubricating composition may have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (“KV100”) of 3 to 22 cSt, 2 to 30 cSt, such as 2 to 20 cSt, such as 5 to 15 cSt (determined according to ASTM D 445-19a).

[0090] In some embodiments, the lubricating composition may have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (“KV100”) of 3 to 22 cSt, such as 6 to 17 cSt, such as 9 to 16.3 cSt, such as 9.3 to less than 12.5 cSt, such as 12.5 to less than 16.3 cSt (determined according to ASTM D 445-19a).

[0091] Typically, the lubricating composition may have a total base number of 1 to 30, such as 5 to 15 mgKOH / g (determined according to ASTM D2896).

[0092] Preferably, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure may be a multigrade oil designated by the viscosity descriptors SAE 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X or SAE 0W-X, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50; the characteristics of the different viscosity grades can be found in the SAE J300 classification. Alternatively, the lubricating composition may be in the form of a viscosity grade SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X or SAE 0W-X, such as SAE 15W-X or SAE 10W-X, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50. In some embodiments, X is 8, 12, 16 or 20. Alternatively, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure may be a multi-grade oil designated by the viscosity descriptors SAE 10W-30, 15W-40, 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-40, 5W-50. (See standard SAE J300 published in January 2015 by SAE International, formerly known as the Society of Automotive Engineers). Alternatively, the lubricating composition may have an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-Y, where Y may be 12, 16, or 20. In some embodiments, the lubricating composition has an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-12.

[0093] Optionally, the lubricating composition may be free of aromatic amine antioxidants, such as diphenylamine antioxidants. Optionally, the lubricating composition contains 0.3 mass % or less (such as 0.25 mass % or less, such as 0.2 mass % or less, such as 0.1 mass % or less, such as 0.05 mass % or less, such as 0 mass %) of amine antioxidants, such as alkylated phenylamines, such as di(alkyl-phenyl)amines, such as di(nonyl-phenyl)amines.

[0094] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may contain less than 75 ppm boron, or less than 60 ppm boron, or from 1 to 70 ppm boron. Alternatively, the LOC may be free of boron.

[0095] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may include less than 20 mass % (e.g., less than 15 mass %, such as less than 10 mass %, such as less than 5 mass %, such as less than 3 mass %, such as less than 1 mass %) of functionalized (e.g., aminated) polybutene (e.g., polyisobutylene), such as PIBSA-PAM. In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may include, may be substantially free of, or may be absent of functionalized (e.g., aminated) polybutene (e.g., polyisobutylene), such as PIBSA-PAM.

[0096] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may include an acylated polymer, such as polyisobutylene succinic acid (PIBSA), which optionally has an Mn of 500 to 50,000 g / mol, such as 600 to 5,000 g / mol, such as 700 to 3000 g / mol. In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may include an acylated polymer, such as polyisobutylene succinic acid, having an Mn of 500 to 1600 g / mol, such as 700 to 1200 g / mol. In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition includes greater than 0.1 (such as 0.1 to 10, such as 0.5 to 8) mass % of a functionalized (such as aminated) polybutene (such as polyisobutylene), such as PIBSA-PAM. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may be absent or substantially absent of acylated polymers, such as polyisobutylene succinic acid (PIBSA), optionally having an Mn of 500 to 50,000 g / mol, such as 600 to 5,000 g / mol, such as 700 to 3000 g / mol.

[0097] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) a functionalized polymer described herein, and 2) greater than 12 wt % (e.g., 15 wt % or more, such as 20 wt % or more, such as 30 wt % or more, such as 40 wt % or more, such as 50 wt % or more, such as 60 wt % or more, such as 70 wt % or more, such as 80 wt % or more, such as 90 wt % or more, such as 95 wt % or more, such as 98 wt % or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0098] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) a functionalized polymer as described herein comprising one or more C4 to C5 olefins such as butadiene and / or isoprene; and 2) greater than 12% by weight (e.g., 15% by weight or more, such as 20% by weight or more, such as 30% by weight or more, such as 40% by weight or more, such as 50% by weight or more, such as 60% by weight or more, such as 70% by weight or more, such as 80% by weight or more, such as 90% by weight or more, such as 95% by weight or more, such as 98% by weight or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; and wherein the dispersant comprising a polyalkenyl succinimide is absent or present at less than 5 mass % (e.g., 4 mass % or less, e.g., 3 mass % or less, e.g., 2 mass % or less, e.g., 1 mass % or less, e.g., 0.5 mass % or less, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition) such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (1) to the polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (e.g., at least 1:1, e.g., at least 1.25:1, e.g., at least 1.5:1, e.g., at least 2:1) ), (optionally, the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and has an Mn of 1,600 g / mol or more, GPC-PS (such as 1900 g / mol or more, such as 2100 g / mol or more, such as 2200 g / mol or more, such as 1600 to 5000 g / mol, such as 1700 to 2500 g / mol, such as 2000 to 2400 g / mol, such as 2000 to 2300 g / mol) and the imide is derived from a polyamine); The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X or SAE 0W-X, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0099] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) a functionalized polymer as described herein (e.g., a functionalized polymer as described herein comprising one or more C2 to C 20 % or more, such as 70% or more, such as 80% or more, such as 90% or more, such as 95% or more, such as 98% or more, of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0100] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) The present invention comprises one or more C2 to C 20 Functionalized polymers of linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins such as ethylene and propylene; and 2) greater than 12% by weight (e.g., 15% by weight or more, such as 20% by weight or more, such as 30% by weight or more, such as 40% by weight or more, such as 50% by weight or more, such as 60% by weight or more, such as 70% by weight or more, such as 80% by weight or more, such as 90% by weight or more, such as 95% by weight or more, such as 98% by weight or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; and wherein a dispersant comprising a polyalkenyl succinimide is absent or present at less than 5 mass % (e.g., 4 mass % or less, e.g., 3 mass % or less, e.g., 2 mass % or less, e.g., 1 mass % or less, e.g., 0.5 mass % or less, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition) such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (1) to the polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (e.g., at least 1:1, e.g., at least 1.25:1, e.g., at least 1.5:1, e.g., at least 2:1), (optionally, the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and has an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1,600 g / mol or more and the imide is derived from a polyamine); and The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X or SAE 0W-X, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0101] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) a functionalized polymer as described herein comprising one or more C4 to C5 olefins such as butadiene and / or isoprene; and 2) greater than 12% by weight (e.g., 15% by weight or more, such as 20% by weight or more, such as 30% by weight or more, such as 40% by weight or more, such as 50% by weight or more, such as 60% by weight or more, such as 70% by weight or more, such as 80% by weight or more, such as 90% by weight or more, such as 95% by weight or more, such as 98% by weight or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; and wherein the dispersant comprising a polyalkenyl succinimide is absent or present at less than 5 mass % (e.g., 4 mass % or less, e.g., 3 mass % or less, e.g., 2 mass % or less, e.g., 1 mass % or less, e.g., 0.5 mass % or less, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition) such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (1) to the polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (e.g., at least 1:1, e.g., at least 1.25:1, e.g., at least 1.5:1, e.g., at least 2:1), (optionally, the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and has an Mn of 900 g / mol or greater (e.g., 1100 g / mol Mn or more, such as 1200 g / mol or more, such as 1300 g / mol or more, such as 1400 g / mol or more, such as 1500 g / mol or more, such as 900 to 1600 g / mol, such as 1100 to 1600 g / mol, such as 900 to less than 1600 g / mol, such as 1100 to less than 1600 g / mol) (GPC-PS) and the imide is derived from a polyamine); and The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X or SAE 0W-X, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0102] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) The present invention comprises one or more C2 to C 20 Functionalized polymers of linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins such as ethylene and propylene and / or functionalized polymers described herein comprising one or more C4 to C5 olefins such as butadiene and / or isoprene; and 2) greater than 12% by weight (e.g., 15% by weight or more, such as 20% by weight or more, such as 30% by weight or more, such as 40% by weight or more, such as 50% by weight or more, such as 60% by weight or more, such as 70% by weight or more, such as 80% by weight or more, such as 90% by weight or more, such as 95% by weight or more, such as 98% by weight or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; and wherein the dispersant comprising a polyalkenyl succinimide is absent or present at less than 5 mass % (based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, such as 4 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less, such as 0.5 mass % or less) such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (1) to the polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1), (optionally, the polyalkenyl is derived from a polymer having an Mn of 900 g / mol or more (such as 1100 g / mol Mn or more, such as 1200 g / mol or more, such as 1300 g / mol or more, such as 1400 g / mol or more, such as 1500 g / mol or more, such as 900 to 1600 g / mol, such as 1100 to 1600 g / mol, such as 900 to less than 1600 g / mol, such as 900 to less than 1200 g / mol, such as 1100 to less than 1600 g / mol) (GPC-PS) of polyisobutylene and imide derived from polyamine); and The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X or SAE 0W-X, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0103] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) The present invention comprises one or more C2 to C 20 Functionalized polymers of linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins such as ethylene and propylene; and 2) greater than 12% by weight (e.g., 15% by weight or more, such as 20% by weight or more, such as 30% by weight or more, such as 40% by weight or more, such as 50% by weight or more, such as 60% by weight or more, such as 70% by weight or more, such as 80% by weight or more, such as 90% by weight or more, such as 95% by weight or more, such as 98% by weight or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; and wherein the dispersant comprising a polyalkenyl succinimide is absent or present at less than 5 mass % (based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, such as 4 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less, such as 0.5 mass % or less) such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (1) to the polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1), (optionally, the polyalkenyl is derived from a polymer having an Mn of 900 g / mol or more (such as 1100 g / mol Mn or more, such as 1200 g / mol or more, such as 1300 g / mol or more, such as 1400 g / mol or more, such as 1500 g / mol or more, such as 900 to 1600 g / mol, such as 1100 to 1600 g / mol, such as 900 to less than 1600 g / mol, such as 900 to less than 1200 g / mol, such as 1100 to less than 1600 g / mol) (GPC-PS) of polyisobutylene and imide derived from polyamine); and The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X or SAE 0W-X, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0104] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) The present invention comprises one or more C2 to C 20 Functionalized polymers of linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins such as ethylene and propylene and / or functionalized polymers described herein comprising one or more C4 to C5 olefins such as butadiene and / or isoprene; and 2) greater than 12% by weight (e.g., 15% by weight or more, such as 20% by weight or more, such as 30% by weight or more, such as 40% by weight or more, such as 50% by weight or more, such as 60% by weight or more, such as 70% by weight or more, such as 80% by weight or more, such as 90% by weight or more, such as 95% by weight or more, such as 98% by weight or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; and wherein the dispersant comprising a polyalkenyl succinimide is absent or present at less than 5 mass % (based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, such as 4 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less, such as 0.5 mass % or less) such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (1) to the polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1) , (optionally, the polyalkenyl group is derived from polyisobutylene having an Mn, GPC-PS of 1,600 g / mol or more (such as 1900 g / mol or more, such as 2100 g / mol or more, such as 2200 g / mol or more, such as 1600 to 5000 g / mol, such as 1700 to 2500 g / mol, such as 2000 to 2400 g / mol, such as 2000 to 2300 g / mol) and the imide is derived from a polyamine); and The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X or SAE 0W-X, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0105] In the present invention it has been discovered that the use of the functionalized polymer allows for lower lubricating oil composition viscosities using Group II base stocks to be obtained in the absence or presence of low concentrations of polyalkenyl succinimide (such as PIBSA-PAM) having a Mn of 1600 g / mol (GPC-PS) or more, compared to viscosities previously achievable with PIBSA-PAM having a Mn of 1600 g / mol or more (particularly when compared to compositions having greater than 5 mass % (e.g., 7 mass % or more, such as 10 mass % or more), based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, of PIBSA-PAM having a Mn of 1600 g / mol or more. In particularly useful embodiments, the functionalized polymers described herein are used to replace PIBSA-PAMs having an Mn of 1600 g / mol or higher (e.g., 1600 to 5000 g / mol, such as 1700 to 2500 g / mol, such as 2000 to 2300 g / mol) in existing lubricating oil compositions (e.g., lubricating oil compositions for heavy-duty diesel and / or passenger car applications).

[0106] It has been discovered in the present invention that the use of the functionalized polymer allows lower viscosities than previously achievable using Group II oils in the absence or presence of low concentrations of polyalkenyl succinimides (such as PIBSA-PAM) having an Mn of 1100 g / mol or more (such as 1200 g / mol or more, such as 1300 g / mol or more, such as 1400 g / mol or more, such as 1500 g / mol or more, such as 1100 to less than 1600 g / mol, such as 1100 to 1600 g / mol).

[0107] It has been discovered in the present invention that the use of the functionalized polymer allows lower viscosities using Group II oils than previously achievable in the absence or presence of low concentrations of polyalkenyl succinimides having an Mn of 1600 g / mol or more (such as PIBSA-PAM), particularly in lubricating oil compositions having greater than 12 wt. % (such as 15 wt. % or more, such as 20 wt. % or more, such as 30 wt. % or more, such as 40 wt. % or more, such as 50 wt. % or more, such as 60 wt. % or more, such as 70 wt. % or more, such as 80 wt. % or more, such as 90 wt. % or more, such as 95 wt. % or more, such as 98 wt. % or more) of Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0108] It has been discovered in the present invention that the use of the functionalized polymer allows lower viscosities than previously achievable using Group II oils to be obtained in the absence (or substantial absence) of Group III oils and in the presence of low concentrations of polyalkenyl succinimides having an Mn of 1600 or more (such as PIBSA-PAM), particularly in lubricating oil compositions having greater than 12 wt. % (such as 15 wt. % or more, such as 20 wt. % or more, such as 30 wt. % or more, such as 40 wt. % or more, such as 50 wt. % or more, such as 60 wt. % or more, such as 70 wt. % or more, such as 80 wt. % or more, such as 90 wt. % or more, such as 95 wt. % or more, such as 98 wt. % or more) of Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0109] The present invention also provides the ability to reformulate existing lubricating oil compositions and / or existing concentrate formulations to reduce the amount of PIBSA-PAM (e.g., reduce the amount of PIBSA-PAM with an Mn of 1600 or more) and achieve lower lubricating oil viscosity while maintaining good dispersancy. In a preferred embodiment, all or a portion of the PIBSA-PAM with an Mn of 1600 or more in the lubricating oil composition and / or existing concentrate formulation is replaced with a functionalized polymer described herein (e.g., an amine, ester, or alcohol functionalized hydrogenated polyisoprene and / or a functionalized (optionally hydrogenated) ethylene propylene copolymer) to achieve lower viscosity and comparable dispersancy compared to the same formulation except for the reduction of the PIBSA-PAM with an Mn of 1600 or more and the addition of the functionalized polymer described herein (and slight adjustments to the base stock to compensate for the difference in the amount of the PIBSA-PAM with an Mn of 1600 or more and the functionalized polymer described herein).

[0110] Particularly for heavy duty diesel applications, the ability to achieve lower viscosity lubricating oil compositions using Group II base stocks can achieve significant cost savings by reducing the need for Group III base stocks and all the inventory, transportation, storage and use of equipment necessary to maintain the ability to formulate at lower viscosities. The ideal result is that formulators no longer need separate tanks and ancillary inventory / systems for Group III base stocks that were previously viewed as a path to lower formulation viscosity.

[0111] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) one or more functionalized polymers described herein; 2) less than 5 mass % of a polyalkenyl succinimide (such as PIBSA-PAM) having an Mn of 1600 g / mol or more, and 3) a Group II base oil, such as greater than 12 mass % of a Group II base oil (such as 15 mass % or more, such as 20 mass % or more, such as 30 mass % or more, such as 40 mass % or more, such as 50 mass % or more, such as 60 mass % or more, such as 70 mass % or more, such as 80 mass % or more, such as 90 mass % or more, such as 95 mass % or more, such as 98 mass % or more), based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; and preferably has a kinematic viscosity (KV ) at 100° C. of 16.3 cSt or less, such as 12.5 cSt or less, such as 9.3 cSt or less, such as 8.2 cSt or less, such as 7.1 cSt or less, such as 6.1 cSt or less. 100 ).

[0112] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) one or more functionalized polymers described herein; 2) less than 10 mass % of a Group III base stock; 3) less than 5 mass % of a polyalkenyl succinimide (such as PIBSA-PAM) having an Mn of 1600 or more, and 4) greater than 12 mass % (such as 15 mass % or more, such as 20 mass % or more, such as 30 mass % or more, such as 40 mass % or more) based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition. , such as 50 mass % or more, such as 60 mass % or more, such as 70 mass % or more, such as 80 mass % or more, such as 90 mass % or more, such as 95 mass % or more, such as 98 mass % or more) of a Group II base oil; and having a kinematic viscosity (KV) at 100° C. of 16.3 cSt or less, such as 12.5 cSt or less, such as 9.3 cSt or less, such as 8.2 cSt or less, such as 7.1 cSt or less, such as 6.1 cSt or less. 100 ).

[0113] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) one or more of the functionalized polymers (such as amine-functionalized copolymers of ethylene and / or propylene, and / or amine-functionalized hydrogenated polymers of isoprene and / or butadiene); 2) less than 5 mass % (such as less than 3 mass %, such as less than 1 mass %, such as 0 mass %) of a polyalkenyl succinimide (such as PIBSA-PAM) having an Mn of 1600 g / mol or more, and 3) a Group II base oil, such as greater than 12 mass % (such as 15 mass % or more, such as 20 mass % or more, such as 30 mass %) based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition. % or more, such as 40% by mass or more, such as 50% by mass or more, such as 60% by mass or more, such as 70% by mass or more, such as 80% by mass or more, such as 90% by mass or more, such as 95% by mass or more, such as 98% by mass or more); wherein the lubricating oil composition optionally has a kinematic viscosity (KV) at 100° C. of 16.3 cSt or less, such as 12.5 cSt or less cSt, such as 9.3 cSt or less, such as 8.2 cSt or less, such as 7.1 cSt or less, such as 6.1 cSt or less. 100 ).

[0114] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) one or more of the functionalized polymers (such as amine-functionalized copolymers of ethylene and / or propylene, and / or amine-functionalized hydrogenated polymers of isoprene and / or butadiene); 2) less than 10% by mass (such as less than 0.5% by mass, such as 0% by mass) of a Group III base stock; 3) less than 5% by mass (such as less than 3% by mass, such as less than 1% by mass, such as 0% by mass) of a polyalkenyl succinimide (such as PIBSA-PAM) having an Mn of 1600 or more, and 4) based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition comprises a lubricating oil having an amount greater than 12 wt. % (e.g., 15 wt. % or more, e.g., 20 wt. % or more, e.g., 30 wt. % or more, e.g., 40 wt. % or more, e.g., 50 wt. % or more, e.g., 60 wt. % or more, e.g., 70 wt. % or more, e.g., 80 wt. % or more, e.g., 90 wt. % or more, e.g., 95 wt. % or more, e.g., 98 wt. % or more) of a Group II base oil; wherein the lubricating oil composition has a kinematic viscosity (KV) at 100° C. of 16.3 cSt or less, e.g., 12.5 cSt or less cSt, e.g., 9.3 cSt or less, e.g., 8.2 cSt or less, e.g., 7.1 cSt or less, e.g., 6.1 cSt or less 100 ).

[0115] In a preferred embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) one or more of the functionalized polymers (such as amine-functionalized copolymers of ethylene and / or propylene, and / or amine-functionalized hydrogenated polymers of isoprene and / or butadiene); 2) less than 5 mass % (such as less than 3 mass %, such as less than 1 mass %, such as 0 mass %) of a polyalkenyl succinimide (such as PIBSA-PAM) having an Mn of 1600 or more, and 3) a Group II base oil, such as greater than 12 mass % (such as 15 mass % or more, such as 20 mass % or more, such as 30 mass % or more, such as 40 mass % or more, such as 50 mass % or more, such as 60 mass % or more, such as 70 mass % or more, such as 80 mass % or more, such as 90 mass % or more, such as 95 mass % or more, such as 98 mass % or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; wherein the lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 5W-30.

[0116] In a preferred embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) one or more of the functionalized polymers (such as amine-functionalized copolymers of ethylene and / or propylene, and / or amine-functionalized hydrogenated polymers of isoprene and / or butadiene); 2) less than 10% by mass (such as less than 0.5% by mass, such as 0% by mass) of a Group III base stock; 3) less than 5% by mass (such as less than 3% by mass, such as less than 1% by mass, such as 0% by mass) of a polyalkenyl succinimide (such as PIBS) having an Mn of 1600 or more. % or more, such as 90% or more, such as 95% or more, such as 98% or more, of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; wherein the lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 5W-30.

[0117] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition contains less than 5 mass % (e.g., less than 3 mass %, such as less than 1 mass %, such as 0 mass %) of PIBSA-PAM having an Mn(GPC-PS) of 2200 g / mol or less, such as 2100 g / mol or less, such as 2000 g / mol or less, such as 1900 g / mol or less, such as 1800 g / mol or less, such as 1700 g / mol or less, such as 1600 g / mol or less, such as 1500 g / mol or less, such as 1400 g / mol or less, such as 1300 g / mol or less, such as 1200 g / mol or less, such as 1100 g / mol or less, such as 1000 g / mol or less.

[0118] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition contains a PIBSA-PAM having a Mn of 1200 g / mol or less, such as 1100 g / mol or less, such as 1000 g / mol or less (GPC-PS), which may be boronated or non-boronated.

[0119] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight (1600 Mn or higher, GPC-PS) polyalkenyl succinate (such as PIBSA-PAM) is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, such as at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, such as at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, such as at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1.

[0120] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the (1200 Mn or higher, GPC-PS) polyalkenyl succinate (such as PIBSA-PAM) is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, such as at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, such as at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, such as at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1.

[0121] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the low molecular weight (1100 to less than 1600 g / mol Mn, GPC-PS) polyalkenyl succinate (such as PIBSA-PAM) is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, such as at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, such as at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, such as at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1.

[0122] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to all polyalkenyl succinates (such as PIBSA-PAM) present in the lubricating oil composition is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, such as at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, such as at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, such as at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1.

[0123] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may include 20 mass %, such as 15 mass %, such as 10 mass %, such as 5 mass %, such as 3 mass %, such as 1 mass % or less of a block copolymer other than the functionalized polymer described herein derived from the block copolymer, such as a block, radial, random and / or tapered block copolymer.

[0124] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may be substantially free of or may be absent of block copolymers other than the functionalized polymers described herein derived from the block copolymers, such as block, radial, random and / or tapered block copolymers.

[0125] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may include 20 mass %, such as 15 mass %, such as 10 mass %, such as 5 mass %, such as 3 mass %, such as 1 mass % or less of a styrenic copolymer other than the functionalized polymer described herein derived from a block copolymer, such as a block, star, random and / or tapered styrenic block copolymer.

[0126] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may be substantially free or absent of styrenic copolymers other than the functionalized polymers described herein derived from block copolymers, such as block, radial, random and / or tapered styrenic block copolymers.

[0127] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may include less than 20 mass %, such as 15 mass %, such as 10 mass %, such as 5 mass %, such as 3 mass %, such as 1 mass % or less of a functionalized diluent, such as a functionalized oil.

[0128] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may include, may be substantially free of, or may be absent a functionalized diluent, such as a functionalized oil.

[0129] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may include less than 20 mass %, such as 15 mass %, such as 10 mass %, such as 5 mass %, such as 3 mass %, such as 1 mass % or less of a solvent, such as an aromatic solvent.

[0130] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may be substantially free of or absent solvents, such as functionalized solvents.

[0131] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may have a total saponification value (SAP) as determined by ASTM 94 of 25 (eg, 28, such as 30, such as 32) mgKOH / g or more.

[0132] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may have a total saponification value (SAP) of 25 (e.g., 28, such as 30, such as 32) mgKOH / g or more as determined by ASTM 94, and the functionalized polymer has a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (e.g., 3.4 or less, such as 1 to 3.3, such as 1.1 to 3.2, such as 1.2 to 3.0, such as 1.4 to 2.9) as determined by GPC-PS described in the experimental section below.

[0133] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may have a total saponification value (SAP) of 25 (e.g., 28, such as 30, such as 32) mgKOH / g or more as determined by ASTM 94, and the functionalized polymer has an average functionality of 1.4 to 20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4 to 15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3 to 12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4 to 10 FG grafts / polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS described in the experimental section below.

[0134] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may comprise less than 0.5 (eg, 0.4, such as less than 0.3, such as less than 0.2, such as less than 0.1, substantially absent or 0) weight % of secondary and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds based on the weight of the LOC.

[0135] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may be substantially absent or may be free of secondary and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds.

[0136] In some embodiments, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure may be a diesel engine oil, such as a heavy-duty diesel engine oil (eg, for use in engines of heavy-duty diesel vehicles, ie, heavy-duty diesel vehicles having a gross vehicle weight of 10,000 pounds or more).

[0137] In some embodiments, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure may be a passenger car motor oil.

[0138] In some embodiments, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure may be a passenger car engine lubricating composition comprising: 1) Oil of lubricating viscosity having greater than 50% by weight of Group I, II, III, IV and / or V oils or mixtures thereof (e.g., Group II base oils, Group III base oils, Group IV base oils, Group V base oils or mixtures thereof); 2) a first PIB succinimide dispersant derived from 1800 to 2500 Mn PIB; 3) a second PIB succinimide dispersant derived from a PIB having an Mn of less than 1600, wherein at least one of the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant is boron-free (optionally, at least one of the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant is boronated); 4) Amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated C-containing 4-5 Polymers of olefins (partially or fully saturated olefins functionalized with amides, imides and / or esters) 4-5The ratio of polymer of olefin to PIB succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, such as at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, such as at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, such as at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1); 5) an alkaline earth metal salicylate detergent; an alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent present in an amount to provide 0.1 wt % to 1.2 wt % of alkaline earth metal soap to the lubricating composition; and 6) a phosphorus antiwear agent present in an amount providing 300 to 900 ppm phosphorus to the lubricating composition, The lubricating composition optionally has a total sulfated ash between 0.3 and 1.1 wt %; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 8.3 cSt; a total alkaline earth soap of 0.6 to 2.1 wt % and a HTHS150 measured according to ASTM D4683 of less than 2.7 mPa·s.

[0139] In some embodiments, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure may be a passenger car diesel engine oil.

[0140] In some embodiments, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure may be a diesel engine lubricating composition comprising: 1) Oil of lubricating viscosity having greater than 50% by weight of Group I, II, III, IV and / or V oils or mixtures thereof (e.g., Group II base oils, Group III base oils, Group IV base oils, Group V base oils or mixtures thereof); 2) a first PIB succinimide dispersant derived from 1800 to 2500 Mn PIB; 3) a second PIB succinimide dispersant derived from a PIB having an Mn of less than 1600, wherein at least one of the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant is boron-free (optionally, at least one of the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant is boronated); 4) Amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated C-containing 4-5 Polymers of olefins (partially or fully saturated olefins functionalized with amides, imides and / or esters) 4-5The ratio of polymer of olefin to PIB succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, such as at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, such as at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, such as at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1); 5) an alkaline earth metal salicylate detergent; an alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent present in an amount to provide the lubricating composition with 0.1 wt % to 1.2 wt % of alkaline earth metal soap; and 6) a phosphorus antiwear agent present in an amount providing 300 to 900 ppm phosphorus to the lubricating composition, The lubricating composition optionally has a total sulfated ash between 0.3 and 1.1 wt %; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 8.3 cSt; a total alkaline earth soap of 0.6 to 2.1 wt % and a HTHS150 measured according to ASTM D4683 of less than 2.7 mPa·s.

[0141] In some embodiments, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure can be a lubricating composition comprising: 1) one or more functionalized polymers (such as amine-functionalized copolymers of ethylene and / or propylene, and / or amine-functionalized hydrogenated polymers of isoprene and / or butadiene); 2) less than 10 mass % of a Group III base stock; 3) less than 5 mass % of a polyalkenyl succinimide having an Mn of 1600 or greater, and 4) greater than 15 wt % of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; wherein the lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 5W-30.

[0142] The lubricating compositions disclosed herein, such as diesel engine lubricating compositions, may have a viscosity of 2.5 to 8.3 (such as 2.5 to 6.5, or 3 to 5.5, or 3.5 to 6.5) cSt (mm 2 / s) of kinematic viscosity at 100°C as measured by ASTM D-445 and 15 to 30 (e.g., 15 to 25) cSt (mm 2 / s) at 40°C.

[0143] The lubricating compositions disclosed herein, such as diesel engine lubricating compositions, may have a high temperature high shear viscosity (HTHS) measured at 150° C. by ASTM D4683 of less than 2.6 mPa·s, or less than 2.5 mPa·s, or less than 2.4 mPa·s, or less than 2.3 mPa·s, or less than 2.2 mPa·s, or less than 2.1 mPa·s. In another embodiment, the HTHS of the lubricating composition is 1.4 to 2.5 mPa·s, or 1.6 to 2.1 mPa·s, or 1.8 to 2.1 mPa·s, or 1.9 to 2.0 mPa·s.

[0144] The lubricating composition, such as a diesel engine lubricating composition, may have an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-Y, wherein Y may be 12, 16 or 20. In one embodiment, the lubricating composition has an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-12.

[0145] The lubricating composition disclosed herein, such as a diesel engine lubricating composition, may have: 1) 2.5 to 8.3 (such as 2.5 to 6.5, or 3 to 5.5, or 3.5 to 6.5) cSt (mm 2 / s) at 100°C as measured by ASTM D-445; 2) a high temperature high shear viscosity (HTHS) at 150°C as measured by ASTM D4683 of less than 2.6 mPa·s, or less than 2.5 mPa·s, or less than 2.4 mPa·s, or less than 2.3 mPa·s, or less than 2.2 mPa·s, or less than 2.1 mPa·s (or 1.4 to 2.5 mPa·s, or 1.6 to 2.1 mPa·s, or 1.8 to 2.1 mPa·s, or 1.9 to 2.0 mPa·s); and 3) an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-Y, where Y can be 12, 16 or 20 (such as 0W-12).

[0146] In some embodiments, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure may be a lubricant for an internal combustion engine, such as an automobile / passenger car or a diesel engine, wherein the lubricating composition comprises: an oil of lubricating viscosity having greater than 50 wt. % of a Group I, II, III, IV and / or V oil or a mixture thereof (e.g., a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, a Group IV base oil, a Group V base oil or a mixture thereof); a first PIB succinimide dispersant derived from a PIB having an Mn of 1800 to 2500; a second PIB succinimide dispersant derived from a PIB having an Mn of less than 1600, wherein at least one of the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant is boron-free (optionally, at least one of the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant is boronized); an amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated C-containing4-5 Polymers of olefins (partially or fully saturated olefins functionalized with amides, imides and / or esters) 4-5 The ratio of the polymer of olefin to the PIB succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, such as at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, such as at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, such as at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1); an alkaline earth metal salicylate detergent; to provide 0.1 wt % to 1.2 wt % of alkaline earth metal salicylate to the lubricating composition % total alkaline earth metal soap and a HTHS150 measured according to ASTM D4683 of 2.6 mPa·s or more (such as 2.9 mPa·s or more, such as 3.7 mPa·s or more).

[0147] The lubricating compositions disclosed herein, such as diesel engine lubricating compositions, may have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. measured by ASTM D-445 of 2 to 30 cSt (such as 3 to 22 cSt, such as 6 to 17 cSt, such as 9 to 16.3 cSt, such as 9.3 to less than 12.5 cSt, such as 12.5 to less than 16.3 cSt).

[0148] The lubricating composition, such as a diesel engine lubricating composition, may have an SAE viscosity grade of 5W-Y, 10W-Y, 15W-Y or 20W-Y, where Y may be 20, 30, 40 or 50. In one embodiment, the lubricating composition has an SAE viscosity grade of 5W-30.

[0149] The lubricating compositions disclosed herein, such as diesel engine lubricating compositions, may have: 1) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. measured by ASTM D-445 of 2 to 30 cSt (such as 3 to 22 cSt, such as 6 to 17 cSt, such as 9 to 16.3 cSt, such as 9.3 to less than 12.5 cSt, such as 12.5 to less than 16.3 cSt); 2) a high temperature high shear viscosity (HTHS) at 150° C. measured by ASTM D4683 of 2.6 mPa·s or more (such as 2.9 mPa·s or more, such as 3.7 mPa·s or more), and 3) an SAE viscosity grade of 5W-Y, 10W-Y, 15W-Y or 20W-Y, wherein Y may be 20, 30, 40 or 50 (such as 5W-30). Concentrates

[0150] Concentrates, also called additive kits, adpaks or addpacks ) A composition having less than 50 mass % (e.g., less than 40 mass %, such as less than 30 mass %, such as less than 25 mass %, such as less than 20 mass %) of a base oil and a lubricant composition additive (e.g., as described herein), which is typically then further blended with additional base oil to form a lubricant product.

[0151] The present disclosure relates to a concentrate composition comprising or obtained by mixing the following components: (a) 1 to less than 50 mass % (or 5 to 45 mass %, or 7 to 40 mass %, or 10 to 35 mass %, or 10 to 25 mass %) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating composition; (b) 0.10 to 20% by mass (particularly 0.2 to 15% by mass, or 0.5 to 10% by mass, or 1 to 7% by mass), based on the weight of the composition, of one or more amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated C 4-5 A polymer of an olefin having: i) Mw / Mn less than 2, ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value (GPC-PS) of 3.5 or less, and iii) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer prior to functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, provided that if the polymer prior to functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS).

[0152] The present disclosure relates to a concentrate composition comprising or obtained by mixing the following components: (a) 1 to less than 50 mass % (or 5 to 45 mass %, or 7 to 40 mass %, or 10 to 35 mass %, or 10 to 25 mass %) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating composition; (b) 0.10 to 20% by mass (particularly 0.2 to 15% by mass, or 0.5 to 10% by mass, or 1 to 7% by mass), based on the weight of the composition, of one or more amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated C 2-20 Polymers of linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins having: i) Mw / Mn less than 2, and ii) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, (c) 0.10 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 mass % to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 2 mass %, such as 0 mass %) of one or more PIBSA-PAM dispersants, based on the weight of the composition.

[0153] The present disclosure relates to a concentrate composition comprising or obtained by mixing the following components: (i) 1 to less than 50 mass % (or 5 to 45 mass %, or 7 to 40 mass %, or 10 to 35 mass %, or 10 to 25 mass %) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the composition; (ii) 0.10 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 3 mass %) of one or more detergents, based on the weight of the composition; (iii) 0.10 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 2 mass %, such as 0 mass %) of one or more PIBSA-PAM dispersants (such as a PIBSA-PAM having a MN of 1600 g / mol or more), based on the weight of the composition; and (iv) 0.10 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 2 mass %) of one or more functionalized amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers described herein, based on the weight of the composition; (v) optional additional components, antioxidants, pour point depressants, defoamers, viscosity improvers, corrosion inhibitors, antiwear agents, extreme pressure additives, demulsifiers, seal compatibility agents, additive diluent base oils, friction modifiers (such as organic FMs, such as organic esters, such as fatty acid esters), etc.

[0154] In some embodiments, the concentrate composition may optionally be absent of solvents (eg, aliphatic or aromatic solvents) and / or absent of functionalized base oils.

[0155] The present disclosure also relates to a concentrate composition comprising or obtained by mixing the following components: A) 1 to less than 50 mass % (or 5 to 45 mass %, or 7 to 40 mass %, or 10 to 35 mass %, or 10 to 25 mass %) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the concentrate composition; B) 0.10 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 mass % to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 3 mass %) of one or more functionalized polymers, based on the weight of the concentrate composition, having a) a Mw / Mn of less than 2 (e.g., less than 1.8, such as less than 1.6, such as less than 1.5, such as from 1 to 1.3, such as from 1.0 to 1.25, as determined by GPC-PS), b) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (such as 3.4 or less, such as 1 to 3.3, such as 1.1 to 3.2, such as 1.2 to 3.0, such as 1.4 to 2.9, as determined by GPC-PS), and wherein the polymer before functionalization has an Mn (GPC-PS) of 25,000 g / mol (e.g., 30,000 g / mol) or more; C) 0.1 to 20 wt % (particularly 0.5 to 10 wt %, or 2 to 6 wt %) of one or more detergents (such as a blend of detergents), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; D) optionally, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, 0.01 to 5 wt % (particularly 0.1 to 4 wt %, or 0.25 to 3 wt %, or 0.25 to 0.75 wt %) of one or more friction modifiers (e.g., organic friction modifiers such as glycerol monooleate); E) optionally, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, 0.01 to 20 wt % (particularly 0.01 to 15 wt %, or 0.1 to 10 wt %) of one or more antioxidants (such as a blend of antioxidants); F) optionally, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, 0.01 to 5 wt % (particularly 0.01 to 3 wt %, or 0.1 to 1.5 wt %) of one or more pour point depressants (such as a blend of pour point depressants); G) optionally, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, 0.001 to 5 wt % (particularly 0.01 to 3 wt %, or 0.02 to 1 wt %) of one or more defoamers (such as a blend of defoamers); I) optionally, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, 0.01 to 40 wt % (particularly 0.1 to 30 wt %, or 1 to 20 wt %) of one or more dispersants (such as a blend of dispersants); K) Optionally, 0.001 to 10 wt. % (particularly 0.1 to 8 wt. %, or 1 to 5 wt. %, or 0.25 to 0.75 wt. %) of one or more antiwear agents (such as a blend of antiwear agents, such as ZDDP), based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.

[0156] The present disclosure also relates to a concentrate composition comprising or obtained by mixing the following components: A) 1 to less than 50 mass % (or 5 to 45 mass %, or 7 to 40 mass %, or 10 to 35 mass %, or 10 to 25 mass %) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the concentrate composition; B) 0.10 to 20 mass % (particularly 0.15 to 10 mass %, or 0.20 to 5 mass %, or 0.25 to 3 mass %) of one or more linear C 2-20 One or more functionalized polymers of alpha olefins (e.g., ethylene and / or propylene polymers) having a Mw / Mn of less than 2 (e.g., 1.9 or less, such as 1.8 or less, such as from 1 to 1.9, such as from 1 to less than 1.6, such as from 1.1 to 1.5, as determined by GPC-PS) and a Mn of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS); C) 0.1 to 20 wt % (particularly 0.5 to 10 wt %, or 2 to 6 wt %) of one or more detergents (such as a blend of detergents), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; D) optionally, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, 0.01 to 5 wt % (particularly 0.1 to 4 wt %, or 0.25 to 3 wt %, or 0.25 to 0.75 wt %) of one or more friction modifiers (e.g., organic friction modifiers such as glycerol monooleate); E) optionally, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, 0.01 to 20 wt % (particularly 0.01 to 15 wt %, or 0.1 to 10 wt %) of one or more antioxidants (such as a blend of antioxidants); F) optionally, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, 0.01 to 5 wt % (particularly 0.01 to 3 wt %, or 0.1 to 1.5 wt %) of one or more pour point depressants (such as a blend of pour point depressants); G) optionally, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, 0.001 to 5 wt % (particularly 0.01 to 3 wt %, or 0.02 to 1 wt %) of one or more defoamers (such as a blend of defoamers); I) optionally, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, 0.01 to 40 wt % (particularly 0.1 to 30 wt %, or 1 to 20 wt %) of one or more dispersants (such as a blend of dispersants);

[0157] K) Optionally, 0.001 to 10 wt. % (particularly 0.1 to 8 wt. %, or 1 to 5 wt. %, or 0.25 to 0.75 wt. %) of one or more antiwear agents (such as a blend of antiwear agents, such as ZDDP), based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.

[0158] Optionally, the concentrate may be free of functionalized oil.

[0159] In some embodiments, the concentrate composition may optionally be absent of solvents (eg, aliphatic or aromatic solvents) and / or absent of functionalized base oils.

[0160] Optionally, the concentrate may be free of phenolic antioxidants.

[0161] In some embodiments, the concentrate may contain less than 75 ppm boron, or less than 60 ppm boron, or from 1 to 70 ppm boron. Alternatively, the concentrate may be free of boron.

[0162] In some embodiments, the concentrate may contain less than 20 (e.g., less than 15, such as less than 10, such as less than 5, such as less than 3, such as less than 1) mass % of functionalized (e.g., aminated) polybutene (e.g., polyisobutylene), such as PIBSA-PAM. In some embodiments, the concentrate contains, is substantially free of, or is absent of functionalized (e.g., aminated) polybutene (e.g., polyisobutylene), such as PIBSA-PAM.

[0163] In some embodiments, the concentrate may include an acylated polymer, such as polyisobutylene succinic acid, optionally having an Mn of 500 to 50,000 g / mol, such as 600 to 5,000 g / mol, such as 700 to 3000 g / mol. In some embodiments, the concentrate may include an acylated polymer, such as polyisobutylene succinic acid, having an Mn of 500 to 1600 g / mol, such as 700 to 1200 g / mol.

[0164] In some embodiments, the concentrate may contain 20 (eg, 15, eg, 10, eg, 5, eg, 3, eg, 1) mass % or less of a block copolymer, such as a block, star, random and / or tapered block copolymer.

[0165] In some embodiments, the concentrate may be substantially free of or absent block copolymers, such as block, radial, random, and / or tapered block copolymers.

[0166] In some embodiments, the concentrate may contain 20 mass % or less (e.g., 15 mass % or less, such as 10 mass % or less, such as 5 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less) of a styrenic copolymer, such as a block, star, random and / or tapered styrenic block copolymer.

[0167] In some embodiments, the concentrate may be substantially free of or absent styrenic copolymers, such as block, radial, random, and / or tapered styrenic block copolymers.

[0168] In some embodiments, the concentrate may contain less than 20 (eg, less than 15, such as 10, such as less than 5, such as less than 3, such as 1) mass % of a functionalized diluent, such as a functionalized oil.

[0169] In some embodiments, the concentrate may be substantially free of or absent functionalized diluents, such as functionalized oils.

[0170] In some embodiments, the concentrate may contain less than 0.5 (eg, less than 0.4, such as less than 0.3, such as less than 0.2, such as 0.1, substantially absent, 0) weight percent of secondary and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds based on the weight of the concentrate.

[0171] In some embodiments, the concentrate may be substantially absent or may be free of secondary and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds.

[0172] In some embodiments, the concentrate may have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of less than 1000 cSt, such as less than 500 cSt, such as less than 200 cSt.

[0173] In some embodiments, the concentrate comprises a functionalized polymer described herein and greater than 0.1 wt % (e.g., 1 wt % or more, such as 2 wt % or more, such as 5 wt % or more, such as 10 wt % or more, such as 50 to 0.1 wt %) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0174] In some embodiments, a composition comprises a functionalized polymer described herein and greater than 12 wt % (e.g., 15 wt % or more, such as 20 wt % or more, such as 30 wt % or more, such as 40 wt % or more, such as 50 wt % or more, such as 60 wt % or more, such as 70 wt % or more, such as 80 wt % or more, such as 90 wt % or more, such as 95 wt % or more, such as 98 wt % or more, such as 99.9 wt % or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the composition, with the balance consisting of one or more functionalized polymers described herein. A.Base oil

[0175] The base oils useful herein (also referred to as "base stocks", "lubricating base stocks" or "oils of lubricating viscosity") may be a single oil or a blend of oils, and are generally the major liquid component of lubricating compositions (also referred to as lubricants), into which additives and optional additional oils are mixed, for example, to make lubricating compositions, such as finished lubricant compositions, concentrates or other lubricating compositions.

[0176] Base oil can be selected from vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil and synthetic lubricating oil and mixture thereof.Its viscosity range is from light fraction mineral oil to heavy lubricating oil, such as those used for gas engine oil, mineral lubricating oil, motor vehicle oil and heavy diesel engine oil.Usually, the kinematic viscosity (" KV100 ") of base oil at 100 ℃ is 1 to 30, such as 2 to 25 cSt, such as 5 to 20 cSt (measured according to ASTM D445-19a), particularly 1.0 cSt to 10 cSt, 1.5 cSt to 3.3 cSt, 2.7 cSt to 8.1 cSt, 3.0 cSt to 7.2 cSt or 2.5 cSt to 6.5 cSt.Usually, the high temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity of base oil at 150 ℃ is 0.5 to 20 cP, such as 1 to 10 cP, such as 2 to 5 cP (measured according to ASTM D4683-20).

[0177] In general, when the lubricating oil base stock is used to make a concentrate it may advantageously be present in a concentrate-forming amount to provide a concentrate containing from 5 to 80 weight percent, from 10 to 70 weight percent or from 5 to 50 weight percent of the active ingredient, based on the weight of the concentrate.

[0178] Common oils that can be used as base oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil and lard), liquid petroleum oils, and hydrorefined and / or solvent treated paraffinic, naphthenic, and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic mineral lubricating oils. Oils derived from coal or shale are also available base oils. Base oil stocks can be manufactured using a variety of methods, including but not limited to distillation, solvent refining, hydroprocessing, oligomerization, esterification, and re-refining.

[0179] Synthetic lubricating oils useful as base oils herein include hydrocarbon oils such as homo- and co-olefins, known as polyalphaolefins or PAOs or Group IV base oils [as defined in API EOLCS 1509 (American Petroleum Institute Publication 1509, see Section E.1.3, 19th Edition, January 2021, www.API.org)]. Examples of PAOs useful as base oils include: poly(ethylene), ethylene-propylene copolymers, polybutene, polypropylene, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutene, poly(1-hexene), poly(1-octene), poly(1-decene), C8 to C 20 Homopolymers or copolymers of olefins, C8 and / or C 10 and / or C 12 Homopolymer or copolymer of olefins, C8 / C 10 Copolymer, C8 / C 10 / C 12 Copolymer and C 10 / C 12 Copolymers, and their derivatives, analogs and homologs.

[0180] In another embodiment, the base oil may comprise a polyalphaolefin, including oligomers of linear olefins having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 carbon atoms, having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (as measured by ASTM D445) of 10 or more; preferably having a viscosity index ("VI") as measured by ASTM D2270 of 100 or more, preferably 110 or more, more preferably 120 or more, more preferably 130 or more, more preferably 140 or more; and / or having a pour point of -5°C or less (as measured by ASTM D97), more preferably -10°C or less, more preferably -20°C or less.

[0181] In another embodiment, the polyalphaolefin oligomers useful in the present disclosure may comprise C 20 To C 1500 Alkanes, preferably C 40 To C 1000 Alkanes, preferably C 50 To C 750 Alkanes, preferably C 50 To C 500 In one embodiment, the PAO oligomer is C5 to C 14 α-olefins, and in another embodiment C6 to C 12 α-olefins, and in another embodiment C8 to C 12The dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer etc. of alpha-olefin. Suitable olefins include 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene and 1-dodecene. In one embodiment, olefin is a combination of 1-octene, 1-decene and 1-dodecene, or can be substantially 1-decene, and PAO is a mixture of its dimer, trimer, tetramer and pentamer (and higher). Available PAO is more particularly described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,171,908 and 5,783,531 and Synthetic Lubricants and High-Performance Functional Fluids 1-52 (Leslie R.Rudnick & Ronald L.Shubkin, ed.Marcel Dekker, Inc.1999).

[0182] PAOs useful in the present disclosure typically have a number average molecular weight of 100 to 21,000 g / mol in one embodiment, and 200 to 10,000 g / mol in another embodiment, and 200 to 7,000 g / mol in yet another embodiment, and 200 to 2,000 g / mol in yet another embodiment, and 200 to 500 g / mol in yet another embodiment. TM Hi-Vis, SpectraSyn TM Low-Vis, SpectraSyn TM plus、SpectraSyn TM Elite PAO's (ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston Texas) and Durasyn PAO's from Ineos Oligomers USA LLC.

[0183] Synthetic lubricating oils useful as base oils also include hydrocarbon oils such as homopolymers and copolymers of: alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, dinonylbenzene, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzene); polyphenols (e.g., biphenyl, terphenyl, alkylated polyphenols); and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides; and their derivatives, analogs and homologs.

[0184] Another class of suitable synthetic lubricating oils that can be used as base oils include esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkylmalonic acid, alkenylmalonic acid) reacted with various alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol). Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, didecyl sebacate, 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and a complex ester formed by reacting 1 mole of sebacic acid with 2 moles of tetraethylene glycol and 2 moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.

[0185] Esters useful as synthetic oils herein also include C5 to C 12 Those made from monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol.

[0186] Esterex is an ideal ester base oil. TM Available from Esters (ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, Texas).

[0187] Silicon-based oils, such as polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy- or polyaryloxy-silicone oils and silicate oils constitute another class of useful synthetic lubricants for use herein; such oils include tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetrakis-(2-ethylhexyl) silicate, tetrakis-(4-methyl-2-ethylhexyl) silicate, tetrakis-(p-tert-butylphenyl) silicate, hexa-(4-methyl-2-ethylhexyl) disiloxane, poly(methyl)siloxanes and poly(methylphenyl)-siloxanes.

[0188] Other synthetic lubricating oils useful herein include liquid esters of phosphorous-containing acids (eg, tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, diethyl decylphosphonate) and polymeric tetrahydrofuran.

[0189] Unrefined oils, refined oils, and re-refined oils can be used in the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from natural or synthetic sources without further purification treatment. For example, shale oils obtained directly from retorting operations, petroleum oils obtained directly from distillation, or ester oils obtained directly from esterification processes and used without further treatment are considered unrefined oils. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils, except that they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques are used by those skilled in the art, such as distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtration, and percolation. Re-refined oils (also referred to as re-refined base oils or "RRBO") are oils obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils, wherein the refining process is applied to refined oils that have previously been put to use. Such re-refined oils are also referred to as regenerated oils or reprocessed oils, and are typically additionally processed to remove waste additives and oil cracking products. Re-refined base oils are preferably substantially free of materials introduced by manufacturing, contamination, or previous use.

[0190] Other examples of useful base oils are gas-to-liquid ("GTL") base oils, i.e., oils derived from hydrocarbons made from synthesis gas ("syn gas") containing H2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. These hydrocarbons generally require further processing before they can be used as base oils. For example, they can be hydroisomerized; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized; dewaxed; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed by methods known in the art. For further information on useful GTL base oils and blends thereof, see U.S. Pat. No. 10,913,916 (column 4, line 62 to column 5, line 60) and U.S. Pat. No. 10,781,397 (column 14, line 54 to column 15, line 5, and column 16, line 44 to column 17, line 55).

[0191] In particular, oils from renewable sources, i.e., based in part on carbon and energy captured from the environment (e.g., biogenic sources), are useful herein. Renewable sources may be (or derived from) vegetable oils (e.g., palm oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, jatropha oil, corn oil), microbial oils (e.g., algae oil), animal fats (e.g., cooking oil, animal fats, and / or fish fats). Available base oil renewable material combinations may include Class III oils blended with one or more oils derived from renewable feedstocks, such as SynNova TM 4 and Nexbase TM A mixture of 3043. Available base oils containing renewable materials are Nexbase TM 4Plus(KV100~4cSt).

[0192] Various base oils are generally classified as Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV or Class V according to the API EOLCS1509 definition (American Petroleum Institute Publication 1509, see Section E.1.3, 19th Edition, January 2021, www.API.org). In general, Class I base stocks have a viscosity index between about 80 and 120 and contain more than about 0.03% sulfur and / or less than about 90% saturates. Class II base stocks have a viscosity index between about 80 and 120 and contain less than or equal to about 0.03% sulfur and / or greater than or equal to about 90% saturates. Class III base stocks have a viscosity index greater than about 120 and contain less than or equal to about 0.03% sulfur and greater than about 90% saturates. Class IV base stocks include polyalphaolefins (PAOs). Class V base stocks include base stocks not included in Class I-IV. (Viscosity index is measured by ASTM D 2270, saturates are measured by ASTM D2007, and sulfur is measured by ASTM D5185, D2622, ASTM D4294, ASTM D4927, and ASTM D3120).

[0193] The base oils used in the formulated lubricating compositions that can be used in the present disclosure are any one, two, three or more of the various oils described herein. In an ideal embodiment, the base oils used in the formulated lubricating compositions that can be used in the present disclosure are those described as API Class I, Class II, Class III (including Class III+), Class IV and Class V oils and mixtures thereof, preferably API Class II, Class III, Class IV and Class V oils and mixtures thereof, more preferably Class III, Class III+, Class IV and Class V base oils due to their excellent volatility, stability, viscosity and cleanliness characteristics. Small amounts of Class I base oils may be tolerated, such as amounts used to dilute additives for incorporation into formulated lubricating oil products, but are generally kept to a minimum, such as amounts associated only with their use as diluents / carrier oils for additives used on an "as-received" basis. With respect to Class II oils, it is generally more useful that the Class II base oils are within the higher quality range associated with the oil, i.e., Class II oils having a viscosity index of 100 to 120.

[0194] The base oils useful herein may be selected from any synthetic oil, natural oil or re-refined oil (such as those commonly used as crankcase lubricating oils for spark ignition and compression ignition engines). If desired, mixtures of synthetic and / or natural oils and / or re-refined base oils may be used. If desired, multi-modal mixtures (such as bi-modal or tri-modal mixtures) of Group I, II, III, IV and / or V base stocks may be used.

[0195] The base oil or base oil blend used herein conveniently has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (KV100, measured in accordance with ASTM D445-19a and reported in centistokes (cSt) or its equivalent unit, mm2 / s) of from about 2 to about 40 cSt, or from 3 to 30 cSt, or from 4 to 20 cSt, or from 5 to 10 cSt at 100°C, or the base oil or base oil blend may have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of from 2 to 20 cSt, from 2.5 to 2 cSt, preferably from about 2.5 cSt to about 9 cSt.

[0196] The base oil or base oil blend preferably has a saturates content of at least 65 mass %, more preferably at least 75 mass %, such as at least 85 mass %, such as at least 90 mass % as determined by ASTM D2007.

[0197] Preferably, the base oil or base oil blend has a sulfur content of less than 1 mass %, preferably less than 0.6 mass %, most preferably less than 0.4 mass %, such as less than 0.3 mass % based on the total mass of the lubricating composition as measured by ASTM D5185.

[0198] In some embodiments, the volatility of the base oil or base oil blend as measured by the Noack test (ASTM D5800, Procedure B) is less than, or equal to, 30 mass %, such as less than, or equal to, 25 mass %, such as less than, or equal to, 20 mass %, such as less than, or equal to, 16 mass %, such as less than, or equal to, 12 mass %, such as less than, or equal to, 10 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating composition.

[0199] In some embodiments, the base oil has a viscosity index (VI) of at least 95, preferably at least 110, more preferably at least 120, even more preferably at least 125, most preferably about 130 to 240, especially about 105 to 140 (determined by ASTM D2270).

[0200] The base oil can be provided in a major amount, which is combined with one or more additive components as described below in a minor amount to form a lubricant. This preparation can be achieved by adding the additive directly to the oil or by adding the one or more additives in the form of its concentrate to disperse or dissolve the additive. The additive can be added to the oil before, simultaneously or after adding other additives by any method known to those skilled in the art.

[0201] Base oil can be provided with minor amount, and it is combined with one or more additive components as described below of minor amount, to constitute additive concentrate.Can realize this preparation by adding additive directly in oil or by adding described one or more additives with additive dispersion or dissolution in oil in the form of its solution, slurry or suspension.Additive can be added in oil before, simultaneously or afterwards adding other additives by any method well known to those skilled in the art.

[0202] Base oil generally constitutes the major component of the engine oil lubricant composition of the present disclosure and is generally present in an amount of about 50 to about 99 weight percent, preferably about 70 to about 95 weight percent, more preferably about 80 to about 95 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0203] Typically, the one or more base oils are present in the lubricating composition in an amount of 32 wt % or more, or 55 wt % or more, or 60 wt % or more, or 65 wt % or more, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition. Typically, the one or more base oils are present in the lubricating composition in an amount of 98 wt % or less, more preferably 95 wt % or less, and even more preferably 90 wt % or less. Alternatively, the one or more base oils are present in the lubricating composition in an amount of 1 to 99 mass %, or 50 to 97 mass %, or 60 to 95 mass %, or 70 to 95 mass %, based on the weight of the lubricating composition.

[0204] The above base oils and blends thereof may also be used in making concentrates, and in making lubricants therefrom.

[0205] Concentrates constitute a convenient means of manipulating additives prior to their use and of facilitating their dissolution or dispersion in the lubricant. When preparing a lubricant containing more than one type of additive (sometimes referred to as an "additive component"), each additive may be incorporated separately in the form of a concentrate. However, in many cases it is convenient to provide a so-called additive "kit" (also called an "additive pack") containing one or more additives / co-additives as described below in a single concentrate.

[0206] Typically, the one or more base oils are present in the concentrate composition in an amount of 50 wt % or less, or 40 wt % or less, or 30 wt % or less, or 20 wt % or less, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition. Typically, the one or more base oils are present in the concentrate composition in an amount of 0.1 to 49 mass %, or 5 to 40 mass %, or 10 to 30 mass %, or 15 to 25 mass %, based on the weight of the concentrate composition.

[0207] In some embodiments, the acylation / functionalization reaction described herein can be carried out in the presence of a base oil diluent. As a byproduct, a functionalized base oil can be produced. The oil itself may be acylated and / or functionalized. For example, there may be a maleated base oil or an aminated base oil after the functionalization reaction described herein.

[0208] It is contemplated that the functionalized base oils may contain acylated oils.

[0209] It is contemplated that the functionalized base oil may comprise the reaction product of an acylated oil with an amine to form an amide, an imide, or a combination thereof.

[0210] It is contemplated that the functionalized base oil may comprise an acylated oil and the reaction product of an acylated oil with an amine to form an amide, an imide, or a combination thereof.

[0211] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition and / or the concentrate composition may contain a functionalized base oil, such as an acylated oil and / or a reaction product of an acylated oil with an amine or alcohol to form an amide, imide, ester or a combination thereof, in an amount of 40% by weight or less, or 20% by weight or less, or 10% by weight or less, or 5% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition. Typically, one or more functionalized base oils, such as an acylated oil and / or a reaction product of an acylated oil with an amine or alcohol (to form an amide, imide, ester or a combination thereof) are present in the concentrate in an amount of 0.01 to 40% by mass, or 0.1 to 20% by mass, or 1 to 10% by mass, or 1.5 to 5% by mass, based on the weight of the concentrate composition.

[0212] Typically, one or more functionalized base oils, such as acylated oils and / or reaction products of acylated oils with amines or alcohols (to form amides, imides, esters or combinations thereof) are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount of 0.01 to 40 mass %, alternatively 0.1 to 20 mass %, alternatively 1 to 10 mass %, alternatively 1.5 to 5 mass %, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0213] In some embodiments, the functionalized oil may be present in the lubricating oil composition at 3 mass % or less, preferably 2 mass % or less, preferably 1 mass % or less, preferably 0.1 mass % or less, preferably 0 mass % based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0214] In some embodiments, the functionalized oil may be present in the concentrate composition at 3 mass % or less, preferably 2 mass % or less, preferably 1 mass % or less, preferably 0.1 mass % or less, preferably 0 mass % based on the weight of the concentrate composition.

[0215] In some embodiments, the acylation / functionalization reaction described herein can be carried out in a solvent-containing medium. As a byproduct, a functionalized solvent can be produced. The solvent itself may be acylated and / or functionalized. In some embodiments, the acylated and / or functionalized solvent may be present in the concentrate composition at 3% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or less, preferably 0.1% by mass or less, preferably 0% by mass, based on the weight of the concentrate composition. In some embodiments, the functionalized solvent may be present in the lubricating oil composition at 3% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or less, preferably 0.1% by mass or less, preferably 0% by mass, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition. B. Functionalized polymers

[0216] The present disclosure relates to a functionalized polymer comprising a polymer having an Mn(GPC-PS) of about 10,000 g / mol or more, such as 20,000 g / mol or more, such as 25,000 g / mol or more, such as 30,000 g / mol or more, such as 35,000 g / mol or more, prior to functionalization. Alternatively, the functionalized polymer comprises a polymer having an Mn (GPC-PS) of 10,000 to 300,000 g / mol, such as 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, such as 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, such as 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, such as 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol prior to functionalization, or the polymer prior to functionalization has an Mn of 10,000 to 100,000 g / mol (GPC-PS), such as 15,000 to 80,000 g / mol, such as 20,000 to 70,000 g / mol. The polymer before functionalization may have an Mw / Mn of less than 2 (e.g., less than 1.8, such as less than 1.6, such as less than 1.5, such as 1.4 or lower, such as 1 to 1.3, such as 1.0 to 1.25, such as 1.0 to 1.2, such as 1.0 to 1.15, such as 1.0 to 1.1, as determined by GPC-PS). The polymer before functionalization may contain repeating units of one or more olefins having 4 to 5 carbon atoms (preferably conjugated dienes having 4 to 5 carbon atoms), or contain one or more C2 to C 20 (such as C2 to C 12, such as C2 to C6) linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins (such as ethylene and / or propylene). Prior to functionalization, the polymer (such as C 4-5 The functionalized polymers (e.g., fully or partially saturated, such as fully or partially hydrogenated) can be obtained by reacting the polymer with an acylating agent to form an acylated polymer and then reacting the acylated polymer with an amine or alcohol to form an amide, imide, ester, or a combination thereof. The functionalized polymers can also be obtained by reacting an acylated polymer (e.g., commercially available maleated fully or partially hydrogenated C 4-5 The polymer, or a maleated olefin copolymer of ethylene and propylene) is reacted with an amine to form an amide, an imide or a combination thereof.

[0217] The present disclosure further relates to the C 4-5 Saturated (eg hydrogenated) polymers of amides, imides and / or esters of conjugated dienes functionalized by making C 4-5 Obtained by reacting a fully or partially saturated (eg fully or partially hydrogenated) polymer of a conjugated diene with an acylating agent, such as maleic acid or maleic anhydride and thereafter reacting the acylated polymer with an amine (eg polyamine) to form an imide, amide or a combination thereof.

[0218] The present disclosure further relates to C2 to C 20 Alpha olefins (such as C2 to C 12 Saturated (e.g. hydrogenated) polymers functionalized with amides, imides and / or esters of linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins, such as ethylene and propylene homopolymers and copolymers, which are prepared by making the C 2-20 Obtained by reacting a fully or partially saturated (eg fully or partially hydrogenated) polymer of an alpha olefin with an acylating agent, such as maleic acid or maleic anhydride and thereafter reacting the acylated polymer with an amine (eg polyamine) to form an imide, amide or a combination thereof.

[0219] The present disclosure relates to polymers containing one or more pendant amine groups and comprising or resulting from a mixture of at least partially (preferably fully) hydrogenated C 4-5 Olefin polymers and / or C 2-20 A polymer (such as a copolymer of ethylene and propylene) is reacted with an acylating agent, such as maleic acid or maleic anhydride, and thereafter the acylated polymer is reacted with a polyamine to form an imide, amide, or a combination thereof.

[0220] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer is not prepared in an aromatic solvent such as benzene or toluene, or the aromatic solvent is present at 2 wt % or less (such as 1 wt % or less, such as 0.5 wt % or less) based on the weight of solvent, diluent and polymer.

[0221] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer is not prepared in an alkylated naphthylenic solvent, or the alkylated naphthylenic solvent is present at 5 wt % or less (e.g., 3 wt % or less, such as 1 wt % or less), based on the weight of solvent, diluent, and polymer.

[0222] In some embodiments, the polymers useful for preparing the functionalized polymers herein may be C2 to C 20 Homopolymers of alpha olefins (such as homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, etc., such as copolymers of ethylene and propylene).

[0223] The polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers may be homopolymers of butadiene, isoprene, and the like.

[0224] In some embodiments, the polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers can be homopolymers of isoprene, or copolymers of isoprene and less than 5 mol % (such as less than 3 mol %, such as less than 1 mol %, such as less than 0.1 mol %) of comonomer.

[0225] The polymers useful for preparing the functionalized polymers herein can be copolymers of isoprene and one or more of the following: styrene, methyl-styrene, 2,3-dimethyl-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, myrcene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-hexyl-1,3-butadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2-benzyl-1,3-pent ... 1,3-butadiene, 2-p-tolyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 1,3-heptadiene, 2,4-heptadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 2,4-octadiene, 3,5-octadiene, 1,3-nonadiene, 2,4-nonadiene, 3,5-nonadiene, 1,3-decadiene, 2,4-decadiene and 3,5-decadiene, [optionally, the comonomer is present at less than 20 mol%, less than 5 mol%, such as less than 3 mol%, such as less than 1 mol%, such as less than 0.1 mol%].

[0226] Typically, the polymerized conjugated diene polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers include a mixture of 1,4- and 1,2-insertions (also known as 2,1-insertions; for butadiene, 1,2-insertions are the same as 3,4-insertions). 1The polymerized conjugated diene polymers useful for preparing the functionalized polymers herein contain at least about 50% 1,4-insertions, such as at least about 75% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 80% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 90% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 95% 1,4 insertions, such as at least 98% 1,4 insertions, based on the total amount of 2,1 insertions, 1,4 insertions, and 3,4 insertions of isoprene as measured by H NMR. For purposes of the present disclosure: 1) the phrase "1,4 insertion" includes 1,4 and 4,1 insertions, 2) the phrase "2,1 insertion" includes 2,1 and 1,2 insertions, and 3) the phrase "3,4 insertion" includes 3,4 and 4,3 insertions.

[0227] Optionally, styrene repeating units may be absent in the polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers. Optionally, styrene repeating units may be absent in the functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymers.

[0228] Optionally, butadiene repeating units may be absent in the polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers. Optionally, butadiene repeating units may be absent in the functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymers.

[0229] Optionally, the polymer useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymer may not be homopolybutene. Optionally, the functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymer may not be homopolybutene.

[0230] Optionally, the polymer useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymer may not be homopolyisobutylene. Optionally, the functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymer may not be homopolyisobutylene.

[0231] Optionally, the polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers may not be copolymers of isoprene and butadiene. Optionally, the functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymer may not be copolymers of isoprene and butadiene.

[0232] The polymers useful in preparing the functionalized polymers herein may be C2 to C 20 Alpha olefins, such as C2 to C 12 Copolymers of alpha olefins (such as homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, etc., such as copolymers of ethylene and propylene).

[0233] The polymer and / or functionalized polymer that can be used to prepare functionalized polymers herein can be a homopolymer or a copolymer.The copolymer can be a random copolymer, a tapered block copolymer, a star copolymer or a block copolymer.Block copolymers are formed by a monomer mixture comprising one or more first monomers (such as isobutylene), wherein, for example, the first monomer forms a discrete block of the polymer, which is connected to the second discrete block of the polymer formed by the second monomer (such as butadiene).Although block copolymers have basic discrete blocks formed by monomers, tapered block copolymers can be composed of a relatively pure first monomer at one end and a relatively pure second monomer at the other end.The middle of the tapered block copolymer can be more of a gradient combination of these two monomers.

[0234] The polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers may generally have an Mn(GPC-PS) of 10,000 to 150,000 g / mol, or 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, or 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, or 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, or 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, or 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol.

[0235] Alternatively, if the polymer prior to functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the copolymer has an Mn greater than 25,000 g / mol, such as greater than 30,000 g / mol, or greater than 35,000 g / mol (GPC-PS).

[0236] The polymers that can be used to prepare the functionalized polymers herein may generally have a Mw / Mn (measured by GPC-PS) of 1 to 2, or greater than 1 to less than 2, or 1.1 to 1.8, or 1.2 to 1.5. Alternatively, the polymers that can be used to prepare the functionalized polymers herein may generally have a Mw / Mn of 1 or greater than 1 to less than 2 (such as less than 1.8, such as less than 1.7, such as less than 1.6, such as less than 1.5, such as less than 1.4, such as less than 1.3, such as less than 1.2, such as less than 1.15, such as less than 1.12, such as less than 1.10).

[0237] The polymer used to prepare the functionalized polymer can have an Mz (as determined by GPC-PS) of 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, or 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, or 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, or 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, or 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol, or 40,000 to 60,000 g / mol (GPC-PS).

[0238] The polymers useful for preparing the functionalized polymers herein may have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of -25°C or less, such as -40°C or less, such as -50°C or less, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using a Perkin Elmer or TA Instrument Thermal Analysis System (the sample is heated from ambient temperature to 210°C at 10°C / min and held at 210°C for 5 minutes, then cooled to -40°C at 10°C / min and held for 5 minutes).

[0239] The polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers typically have less than 3%, such as less than 2%, such as less than 1%, such as less than 0.5%, such as less than 0.25% residual unsaturation based on the number of double bonds in the non-hydrogenated polymer.

[0240] The polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers typically have a residual metal (eg, Li, Co, and Al) content of less than 100 ppm, such as less than 50 ppm, such as less than 25 ppm, such as less than 10 ppm, such as less than 5 ppm. hydrogenation

[0241] This paper can be used to prepare functionalized polymers 4-5 Polymer and / or C 2-20 Linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefin polymers may be partially or fully hydrogenated by any hydrogenating agent known to those skilled in the art. For example, saturated or partially saturated polymers may be prepared by: (a) providing a C 4-5 Polymer and / or C 2-20 Linear alpha olefin polymer; and (b) hydrogenating at least a portion or all of the unsaturation (such as double bonds or triple bonds) in the polymer in the presence of a hydrogenating agent. In some embodiments, the polymer is completely hydrogenated. In some embodiments, the polymer is partially hydrogenated. In some embodiments, the polymer is 50% or more, such as 60% or more, such as 70% or more, such as 80% or more, such as 90% or more, such as 95% or more, such as 98% or more, such as 99% or more saturated (hydrogenated), such as 50 to 100% saturated (hydrogenated), by Martino N. Smits and Dirkman Hoefman, Quantative Determination of Olefinic Unsaturation by Measurement of Ozone Absorption Analytical Chemistry Vol 44, No. 9, page 1688, 1972, Martino N. Smits described in ozone adsorption determination.

[0242] In some embodiments, the hydrogenation agent can be hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. In some embodiments, the hydrogenation catalyst is Pd, Pd / C, Pt, PtO2, Ru(PPh3)2Cl2, Raney nickel or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the catalyst is a Pd catalyst. In another embodiment, the catalyst is 5% Pd / C. In a further embodiment, the catalyst may comprise or be 10% Pd / C in a high pressure reaction vessel, and the hydrogenation reaction is allowed to proceed until completion. Typically, after completion, the reaction mixture can be washed, concentrated and dried to obtain the corresponding hydrogenated product. Alternatively, any reducing agent that can reduce a C=C double bond to a CC single bond can also be used. For example, an olefin polymer can be hydrogenated by treating with hydrazine in the presence of a catalyst such as 5-ethyl-3-methyllumiflavinium perchlorate under an oxygen atmosphere to obtain the corresponding hydrogenated product. Reduction reactions with hydrazine are disclosed in Imada et al., J Am. Chem. Soc., 127, pp. 14544-14545, (2005), which is incorporated herein by reference. Acylation

[0243] The fully or partially saturated (hydrogenated) polymer can be chemically modified (functionalized) to provide a polymer having at least one polar functional group, such as, but not limited to, halogen, epoxy, hydroxyl, amino, nitrilo, sulfhydryl, imido, carboxyl and sulfonic acid groups or combinations thereof. The functionalized polymer can be further modified to provide a more desired functional type. In a preferred embodiment, the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer is functionalized by a method comprising reacting the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer with an unsaturated carboxylic acid (or a derivative thereof, such as maleic anhydride) to provide an acylated polymer (which can then be further functionalized as described below).

[0244] In some embodiments, the carboxylic acid function or its reactive equivalent is grafted onto the polymer to form an acylated polymer. Typically, an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid material is grafted onto the polymer backbone. These materials attached to the polymer typically contain at least one olefinic bond (before the reaction) and at least one, such as two carboxylic acid (or its anhydride) groups or polar groups that can be converted into the carboxyl group by oxidation or hydrolysis. Maleic anhydride or its derivatives are suitable. It is grafted onto the polymer to provide two carboxylic acid functions. Examples of other unsaturated carboxylic acid materials include itaconic anhydride or corresponding dicarboxylic acids, such as maleic acid, fumaric acid and esters thereof, and cinnamic acid and esters thereof.

[0245] The ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid material can be grafted onto the polymer in a variety of ways. It can be grafted onto the polymer in solution or in substantially pure (molten) form, with or without the use of a free radical initiator. The free radical initiated grafting of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid material can also be carried out in a solvent, such as hexane or mineral oil. It can be carried out at an elevated temperature of 100°C to 250°C, such as 120°C to 190°C, or 150°C to 180°C, such as above 160°C.

[0246] Free radical initiators that can be used include peroxides, hydroperoxides, and azo compounds, typically those that have a boiling point greater than about 100°C and thermally decompose within the grafting temperature range to provide free radicals. Representatives of these free radical initiators include azobisisobutyronitrile and 2,5-dimethyl-hex-3-yn-2,5-di-tert-butyl peroxide. The initiator can be used in an amount of 0.005 wt % to 1 wt % based on the weight of the reaction mixture solution. The grafting can be carried out in an inert atmosphere, such as under a nitrogen blanket. The resulting acylated polymer intermediate is characterized in having a carboxylic acid acylation function as part of its structure.

[0247] In some embodiments, the acylated polymer may have 2 or more anhydride groups per polymer molecule and may exhibit less than 10% gel. Alternatively, the acylated polymer may have less than 2 anhydride groups per polymer molecule and may exhibit less than 10% gel. (See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,758, col. 17, line 14 - col. 18, line 11).

[0248] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the acylated polymer may have a gel content of less than about 5 wt%, less than 3 wt%, less than 2 wt%, less than 1 wt%, less than 0.5 wt%, less than 0.1 wt%, or 0 wt%, wherein the gel content is measured by determining the amount of material extractable from the polymer using boiling xylene (or cyclohexane) as an extractant. The percentage of soluble and insoluble (gel) material in a polymer composition is determined by soaking a nominal 0.5 mm thick polymer film specimen in cyclohexane for 48 hours at 23°C or refluxing the film specimen in boiling xylene for half an hour, removing the solvent, weighing the dry residue, and calculating the amount of soluble and insoluble (gel) material. This method is generally described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,311,628, which is incorporated herein by reference. For purposes of the present disclosure, gel content is measured using boiling xylene unless the sample is insoluble in xylene, in which case the cyclohexane method is used.

[0249] In some embodiments, the acylated polymer may have a saponification value (SAP) of 5 g / KOH or more, such as 10 g / KOH or more, such as 20 g / KOH or more, such as 30 g / KOH or more, such as 50 g / KOH or more, such as 10 to 60 g / KOH, such as 20 to 40 g / KOH as determined by ASTM D94.

[0250] In some embodiments, the acylated polymer composition may have less than 5 wt % unreacted acylating agent (e.g., maleic anhydride), such as less than 4 wt %, such as less than 3 wt %, such as less than 1 wt %, such as less than 0.5 wt %, such as less than 0.25 wt %, such as less than 0.1 wt %, based on the weight of the acylated polymer composition (i.e., polymer, acylating agent, and diluent).

[0251] In some embodiments, the acylation reaction described herein can be carried out in a base oil diluent. As a byproduct, a functionalized base oil can be produced. The oil itself may be acylated. For example, there may be a maleated base oil after the acylation reaction described herein.

[0252] It is contemplated that the functionalized base oil may comprise an acylated oil and / or the reaction product of an acylated oil with an amine to form an amide, an imide, or a combination thereof.

[0253] Preferably, the acylated oil and / or the reaction product of the acylated oil with an amine or alcohol (to form an amide, imide, ester or a combination thereof) may be present in the concentrate in an amount of 40% by weight or less, or 20% by weight or less, or 10% by weight or less, or 5% by weight or less, or 3% by weight or less, preferably 2% by weight or less, preferably 1% by weight or less, preferably 0.1% by weight or less, preferably 0% by weight (e.g., from 0 to 40% by weight, or from 0.01 to 40% by weight, or from 0.1 to 20% by weight, or from 1 to 10% by weight, or from 1.5 to 5% by weight), based on the weight of the concentrate composition.

[0254] Preferably, one or more functionalized base oils, such as acylated oils and / or reaction products of acylated oils with amines or alcohols (to form amides, imides, esters or combinations thereof) may be present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount of from 0.01 to 40 mass %, or from 0.1 to 20 mass %, or from 1 to 10 mass %, or from 1.5 to 5 mass % (e.g. 3 mass % or less, preferably 2 mass % or less, preferably 1 mass % or less, preferably 0.1 mass % or less, preferably 0 mass %) based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0255] In some embodiments, the acylation reaction described herein is carried out in a solvent-containing medium. As a by-product, an acylation / functionalized solvent may be produced. In some embodiments, the acylation and / or functionalized solvent may be present in the concentrate composition at 3% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or less, preferably 0.1% by mass or less, preferably 0% by mass, based on the weight of the concentrate composition. In some embodiments, the functionalized solvent may be present in the lubricating oil composition at 3% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or less, preferably 0.1% by mass or less, preferably 0% by mass, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0256] In some embodiments, the acylating agent may be added in a manner that minimizes side reactions, such as reactions with the base oil or other diluents present in the reaction vessel.

[0257] In some embodiments, the acylation reaction can occur, wherein the acylating agent (such as maleic acid or maleic anhydride) is added in a continuous or semi-continuous (such as intermittent) feed stream (e.g., added in controlled relatively equal portions over the reaction time, or added in larger and / or smaller portions at different points in the reaction) to minimize functionalized base oil and other side reactions. As an example, the acylating agent can be added in a continuous manner, wherein the amounts of polymer and acylating agent are added in controlled stoichiometric amounts. As another example, the polymer can be added to the reaction vessel in batches, while the acylating agent is added slowly or in a semi-continuous manner (such as adding the acylating agent in 2 or more, such as 5 or more, such as 10 or more, such as 20 or more, such as 30 or more, such as 40 or more, such as 50 or more, such as 60 or more discrete amounts or portions). Alternatively, the polymer may be added to the reaction vessel in X portions, while the acylating agent is added in 1.5X or more (e.g., 2X or more, such as 5X or more, such as 10X or more, such as 20X or more, such as 30X or more, such as 40X or more, such as 50X or more, such as 60X or more) portions. This same effect may also be achieved by diluting or concentrating the polymer solution and / or the acylating agent solution to the same or different extents.

[0258] Preferably, the acylating agent may be added in a manner that minimizes side reactions, such as in a continuous or semi-continuous manner.

[0259] Side reactions can also be minimized by running the reaction in a batch, semi-continuous or continuous reactor operation using a high concentration of polymer (such as 45 wt % or more, or 50 wt % or more, or 55 wt % or more, or 60 wt % or more) in the diluent. For example, the polymer (such as a hydrogenated isoprene polymer such as hydrogenated homopolyisoprene) can be introduced into a batch, semi-continuous or continuous reactor operation as a solution or suspension (such as a slurry) in a diluent such as an oil (e.g., a base oil such as a Group I, II, III, IV, and / or V base oil such as a Group II and / or Group III base oil) or an alkane solvent or diluent or a combination thereof, wherein the polymer can be present in the solution or suspension at 45 wt % or more (such as 50 wt % or more, or 55 wt % or more, or 60 wt % or more) based on the weight of the polymer and the diluent.

[0260] In some embodiments, side reactions can be minimized by 1) adding the acylating agent in a continuous or semi-continuous manner, and / or 2) introducing the polymer as a solution or suspension in a diluent into a batch, semi-continuous or continuous reactor operation, wherein the polymer is present at 45 weight percent or more based on the weight of the polymer and the diluent.

[0261] In some embodiments, side reactions are minimized, optionally by adding the acylating agent in a continuous or semi-continuous manner, and / or by introducing the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer (such as an isoprene polymer) into a batch, semi-continuous, or continuous reactor operation as a solution or suspension in a diluent comprising 45 wt % or more (such as 50 wt % or more, or 55 wt % or more, or 60 wt % or more) of the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer based on the weight of the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer and the diluent.

[0262] In some embodiments, side reactions are minimized, optionally by adding the acylating agent in a continuous or semi-continuous manner, and by introducing the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer (such as an isoprene polymer) into a batch, semi-continuous, or continuous reactor operation as a solution or suspension in a diluent comprising 45 wt % or more (such as 50 wt % or more, or 55 wt % or more, or 60 wt % or more) of the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer based on the weight of the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer and the diluent. Functionalization

[0263] In some embodiments, the acylated polymer can react with an alcohol or an amine to form an amide, an imide, an ester, or a combination thereof. The reaction can consist of a condensation to form an imide, an amide, a half amide, an amide-ester, a diester, or an amine salt. The primary amino group will typically condense to form an amide, or in the case of maleic anhydride to form an imide. It is noted that the amine can have a single primary amino group or multiple primary amino groups.

[0264] Suitable amines may include one or more aromatic amines, such as amines in which the carbon atoms of the aromatic ring structure are directly attached to the amino nitrogen. The amines may also be aliphatic. In some embodiments, aliphatic amines may be used alone, or in combination with each other or with aromatic amines. In some embodiments, the amount of aromatic amines may be a major or minor amount compared to the amount of non-aromatic amines, or in some cases, the composition may be substantially free of aromatic amines. Alternatively, the composition may be substantially free of aliphatic amines.

[0265] Examples of aromatic amines useful herein include one or more N-arylphenylenediamines represented by the following formula: wherein R7 is H, —NHaryl, —NHalkaryl, or a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group having from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aralkyl, or alkaryl; and R9 is —NH2, —(NH(CH2) n ) m NH2, -NHalkyl, -NHaralkyl, -CH2-aryl-NH2, wherein n and m each have a value of about 1 to about 10; and R8 is hydrogen, or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aralkyl or alkaryl group having about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms.

[0266] Suitable N-arylphenylenediamines include N-phenylphenylenediamine (NPPDA), such as N-phenyl-4,4-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine and N-naphthyl-1,4-phenylenediamine. Other derivatives of NPPDA, such as N-propyl-N'-phenylphenylenediamine, may also be included.

[0267] In some embodiments, the acylated polymer backbone is reacted with one or more amines selected from the group consisting of polyhydrocarbyl polyamines, polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxy-substituted polyamines), polyoxyalkylenepolyamines and combinations thereof, preferably tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), N-phenyl-diamines (such as N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (also known as 4-amino-diphenylamine, ADPA), N-phenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine), nitroaniline (such as 3-nitroaniline), N-phenylethylenediamine (such as N1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine), N-aminophenylacetamide (such as N-(4-aminophenyl)acetamide), morpholinopropylamine (such as 3-morpholinopropyl-1-amine) and aminoethylpiperazine (such as 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine).

[0268] In some embodiments, the amine that reacts with the acylated polymer is an amine having at least 3 or 4 aromatic groups and can be represented by the formula: Independent of each variable, R 1 Can be hydrogen or C l to C5 alkyl (usually hydrogen); R 2 Can be hydrogen or C l to C5 alkyl (usually hydrogen); U can be an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic group, provided that when U is aliphatic, the aliphatic group can be a linear or branched alkylene group containing 1 to 5, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms; and w can be 1 to 10, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 (usually 1).

[0269] Other examples of aromatic amines include aniline, N-alkylanilines such as N-methylaniline and N-butylaniline, di-(p-methylphenyl)amine, naphthylamine, 4-aminodiphenylamine, N,N-dimethylphenylenediamine, 4-(4-nitro-phenylazo)aniline (disperse orange 3), sulfadimethazine, 4-phenoxyaniline, 3-nitroaniline, 4-aminoacetanilide, 4-amino-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid phenyl ester (salicylic acid phenylamino ester), N-(4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-benzamide (fast violet B), N-(4-amino-2,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-benzamide (fast blue RR), N-(4-amino-2,5-diethoxy-phenyl)-benzamide (fast blue BB), BB)), N-(4-amino-phenyl)-benzamide and 4-phenylazoaniline. Suitable amines are mentioned in US Pat. No. 7,790,661 and are incorporated herein by reference.

[0270] In some embodiments, the compound that is condensed with the acylated polymer can be represented by the formula: wherein X is an alkylene group containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R 2 , R 3 and R 4 It is a hydrocarbon group. wherein X is an alkylene group containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R 3 and R 4 It is a hydrocarbon group.

[0271] Alternatively, the amine can be an amine having at least 4 aromatic groups and an aldehyde (such as formaldehyde). The aromatic amine can be represented by the following formula: Among them, R 1 is hydrogen or C 1-5 Alkyl (usually hydrogen); R 2 is hydrogen or C 1-5 alkyl (usually hydrogen); U is an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic group, optionally with the proviso that when U is aliphatic, the aliphatic group may be a linear or branched alkylene group containing 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms; and w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, such as 0, 1, 2 or 3, or 0 or 1 (usually 0). For further information on such amines, see, for example, US2017 / 0073606, page 5, paragraphs

[0064] -

[0070] and European Patent No. 2401 348.

[0272] Examples of the compound capable of condensing with the acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group may include, but are not limited to, dimethylaminopropylamine, N,N-dimethyl-aminopropylamine, N,N-diethyl-aminopropylamine, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,2-propylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, isomeric butanediamines, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, heptamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, dibutylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, hexamethylenetetramine and bis(hexamethylene)triamine, diaminobenzene, diaminopyridine or a mixture thereof. The compound capable of condensing with the acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group may further include aminoalkyl-substituted heterocyclic compounds, such as 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole and 4-(3-aminopropyl)morpholine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine, 3,3-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine, 3',3-aminobis(N,N-dimethylpropylamine). Another example of the compound capable of condensing with the acylating agent and having a tertiary amino group includes alkanolamines, including but not limited to triethanolamine, trimethanolamine, N,N-dimethylaminopropanol, N,N-diethylaminopropanol, N,N-diethylaminobutanol, N,N,N-tris(hydroxyethyl)amine, N,N,N-tris(hydroxymethyl)amine.

[0273] In some embodiments, the acylated polymer backbone is reacted with one or more hydroxy-substituted polyamines selected from N-hydroxyalkyl-alkylene polyamines, such as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine and / or N-hydroxyalkylated alkylene diamines; or with one or more polyoxyalkylene polyamines selected from polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene diamines.

[0274] In some embodiments, the compound that reacts with the acylated polymer backbone is a hydroxyl-containing compound, particularly a polyhydroxy compound, such as an alcohol or polyol, such as pentaerythritol; or a hydrocarbyl-bridged aryloxy alcohol.

[0275] In some embodiments, the polymer can be reacted with a polyether aromatic compound. Typically, the polyether aromatic compound has at least two functional groups, each capable of reacting with a monocarboxylic acid or ester thereof, or a dicarboxylic acid, anhydride or ester thereof, or a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the polyether aromatic compound is derived from an aromatic compound containing at least one amine group, and wherein the polyether is capable of reacting with a monocarboxylic acid or ester thereof, or a dicarboxylic acid, anhydride or ester thereof.

[0276] Examples of suitable polyether arylamines include compounds having the following structure: wherein A represents an aromatic aminic moiety, wherein the ether group is attached via at least one amine group on the aromatic moiety; R1 and R6 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl or aryl, or mixtures thereof; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof; a and x are independently integers from about 1 to about 50.

[0277] The acylated polymer may be reacted with a polyetheramine or polyetherpolyamine. Typical polyetheramine compounds contain at least one ether unit and are chain terminated with at least one amine moiety. The polyetherpolyamine may be based on polymers derived from C2-C6 epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide. Examples of polyetherpolyamines are Jeffamine TM The brand is sold and available from Hunstman Corporation.

[0278] Amines such as monoamines and polyamines that can be used in combination with the acylated polymer herein particularly include polyamines, such as primary amines, such as aromatic primary amines, especially one or more of the following: N-phenyldiamine (such as N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (also known as 4-amino-diphenylamine, ADPA), N-phenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine), nitroaniline (such as 3-nitroaniline), N-phenylethylenediamine (such as N1-phenylethylene-1,2-diamine), N-aminophenylacetamide (such as N-(4-aminophenyl)acetamide), morpholinopropylamine (such as 3-morpholinopropan-1-amine) and aminoethylpiperazine (such as 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine).

[0279] In some embodiments, the functionalization (e.g., amination) reaction described herein can be carried out in a diluent (e.g., a base oil or an alkane solvent). As a byproduct, a functionalized diluent (e.g., a functionalized base oil) can be produced. It is contemplated that the functionalized diluent (e.g., a functionalized base oil) may include the reaction product of an acylated diluent (e.g., an acylated base oil) and an amine to form an amide, an imide, or a combination thereof.

[0280] Preferably, the reaction product of the acylated diluent (such as an acylated oil) and an amine or alcohol (to form an amide, an imide, an ester or a combination thereof) may be present in the concentrate in an amount of 40% by weight or less, or 20% by weight or less, or 10% by weight or less, or 5% by weight or less, or 3% by weight or less, preferably 2% by weight or less, preferably 1% by weight or less, preferably 0.1% by weight or less, preferably 0% by weight (such as 0 to 40% by weight, or 0.01 to 40% by weight, or 0.1 to 20% by weight, or 1 to 10% by weight, or 1.5 to 5% by weight), based on the weight of the concentrate composition.

[0281] Preferably, one or more functionalized base oils, such as the reaction product of an acylated diluent (e.g., an acylated base oil) and an amine or alcohol (to form an amide, an imide, an ester, or a combination thereof) may be present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount of from 0.01 to 40 mass %, or from 0.1 to 20 mass %, or from 1 to 10 mass %, or from 1.5 to 5 mass % (e.g., 3 mass % or less, preferably 2 mass % or less, preferably 1 mass % or less, preferably 0.1 mass % or less, preferably 0 mass %) based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0282] In some embodiments, the functionalization (such as amination) reaction described herein can be carried out in a solvent-containing medium. As a by-product, a functionalized solvent can be produced. In some embodiments, the functionalized solvent can be present in the concentrate composition at 3% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or less, preferably 0.1% by mass or less, preferably 0% by mass, based on the weight of the concentrate composition. In some embodiments, the functionalized solvent can be present in the lubricating oil composition at 3% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or less, preferably 0.1% by mass or less, preferably 0% by mass, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0283] In some embodiments, the acylated base oil / solvent may be removed prior to functionalization. Conjugated Diene Functionalized Polymers

[0284] The functionalized polymer may be a homopolymer of a C4 or C5 olefin, such as butadiene and isoprene.

[0285] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer can be a homopolymer of isoprene, or a copolymer of isoprene and less than 5 mol % (such as less than 3 mol %, such as less than 1 mol %, such as less than 0.1 mol %) of a comonomer.

[0286] The functionalized polymer may comprise or be a copolymer of isoprene and one or more of styrene, methyl-styrene, 2,3-dimethyl-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, myrcene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-hexyl-1,3-butadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2-benzyl-1,3- butadiene, 2-p-tolyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 1,3-heptadiene, 2,4-heptadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 2,4-octadiene, 3,5-octadiene, 1,3-nonadiene, 2,4-nonadiene, 3,5-nonadiene, 1,3-decadiene, 2,4-decadiene and 3,5-decadiene, (optionally, the comonomer is present at less than 20 mol%, less than 5 mol%, such as less than 3 mol%, such as less than 1 mol%, such as less than 0.1 mol%).

[0287] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer comprises 10 (eg, 9, eg, 8, eg, 7, eg, 6, eg, 5, eg, 4, eg, 3, eg, 2, eg, 1) weight percent or less of styrene monomer based on the weight of the functionalized polymer.

[0288] In some embodiments, styrene repeating units may be absent in the functionalized polymer.

[0289] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a block copolymer or a tapered block copolymer that does not include styrene blocks.

[0290] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer can be a block copolymer or a tapered block copolymer comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of isoprene.

[0291] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer can be a block copolymer or a tapered block copolymer comprising 50 weight percent or more of isoprene based on the weight of the copolymer.

[0292] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a 4-5 Conjugated diene (or C 4-5 The conjugated diene consists essentially of C 4-5 The conjugated diene composition preferably comprises 50 (such as 60, such as 70, such as 80, such as 90, such as 95, such as 98) weight % or more of C 4-5 Block copolymers or tapered block copolymers of conjugated dienes.

[0293] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer can be a copolymer that comprises 50 (such as 60, such as 70, such as 80, such as 90, such as 95, such as 98) weight percent or more of isoprene based on the weight of the copolymer.

[0294] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a copolymer comprising 50 (eg, 60, such as 70, such as 80, such as 90, such as 95, such as 98) weight percent or more butadiene based on the weight of the copolymer.

[0295] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a copolymer comprising 50 (eg, 60, eg, 70, eg, 80, eg, 90, eg, 95, eg, 98) weight percent or more of butadiene and isoprene based on the weight of the copolymer.

[0296] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a diblock copolymer comprising at least one isoprene homopolymer or copolymer block.

[0297] Optionally, butadiene repeating units may be absent in the functionalized polymer.

[0298] Optionally, the functionalized polymer may not be homopolyisobutylene.

[0299] Optionally, the functionalized polymer may not be a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene.

[0300] Typically, the polymerized conjugated diene in the functionalized polymer includes monomer units that have been inserted into the growing polymer chain by conjugated addition and non-conjugated addition. 13 The functionalized polymer contains at least about 50% insertions by conjugate additions, such as at least about 75% insertions by conjugate additions, such as about 80% insertions by conjugate additions, such as from about 85% to about 100% insertions by conjugate additions, based on the total number of conjugate additions and non-conjugate insertions as measured by C NMR.

[0301] Insertion of isoprene most commonly occurs via 2,1 insertion, 1,4 insertion (trans and cis), and 3,4 insertion of isoprene. 1 H NMR determination of the insertion geometry). 1The functionalized isoprene polymer contains at least about 50% 1,4-insertions, such as at least about 75% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 80% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 90% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 95% 1,4 insertions, such as at least 98% 1,4 insertions based on the total amount of 2,1 insertions, 1,4 insertions, and 3,4 insertions of isoprene as measured by H NMR. For purposes of this disclosure: 1) the phrase "1,4 insertion" includes both 1,4 and 4,1 insertions, 2) the phrase "2,1 insertion" includes both 2,1 and 1,2 insertions, and 3) the phrase "3,4 insertion" includes both 3,4 and 4,3 insertions.

[0302] The functionalized polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. Optionally, the functionalized polymer comprises a homopolymer or a copolymer of isoprene. The copolymer may be a random copolymer, a tapered block copolymer, a star copolymer or a block copolymer.

[0303] The functionalized polymer may typically have an Mn(GPC-PS) of 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, alternatively 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, alternatively 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, alternatively 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, alternatively 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol.

[0304] The polymer before functionalization may typically have a Mn / Mw (GPC-PS) of 1.0 to 2, such as 1.1 to 1.5, such as 1.1 to 1.3, such as 1.1 to 1.2. As functionalization proceeds, Mw / Mn broadening may occur.

[0305] The functionalized polymer may typically have an Mw / Mn (GPC-PS) of 1 to 3, or 1 to 2, or greater than 1 to less than 2, or 1.05 to 1.9, or 1.10 to 1.8, or 1.10 to 1.7, or 1.12 to 1.6, or 1.13 to 1.5, or 1.15 to 1.4, or 1.15 to 1.3. Alternatively, the functionalized polymer may typically have an Mw / Mn of 1 or greater than 1 to less than 2 (such as less than 1.8, such as less than 1.7, such as less than 1.6, such as less than 1.5, such as less than 1.4, such as less than 1.2, such as less than 1.15, such as less than 1.12, such as less than 1.10).

[0306] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a saponification value (SAP) of 25 (eg, 28, such as 30, such as 32, such as 34) mgKOH / g or more as determined by ASTM D94.

[0307] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may contribute 17% or more (eg, 20% or more, such as 17 to 40%, such as 20 to 30%) to the saponification value of the lubricating oil composition.

[0308] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 1.4 to 20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4 to 15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3 to 12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4 to 10 FG grafts / polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS.

[0309] The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 15 (eg, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, or 6) or fewer FG grafts per polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS.

[0310] The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 1 (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, or 4.0) or more FG grafts per polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS.

[0311] The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 1 (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, or 4.0) to 15 (e.g., 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, or 6) FG grafts per polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS.

[0312] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer can have an aromatic content of 5% or less, such as 3% or less, such as 1% or less, such as 0%, based on the weight of the polymer.

[0313] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may include a branched C-type polymer having a Mn of 20,000 to 500,000 g / mol having a Mw / Mn of 2 or less, such as 1 to 2.0, as determined by GPC-PS. 4-5 Acylated polymers of monomers.

[0314] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 20,000 (eg, 25,000, such as 30,000, such as 35,000, such as 40,000) g / mol or more as determined by GPC-PS.

[0315] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 50,000 (e.g., 40,000, e.g., 35,000) g / mol or less as measured by GPC-PS. In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 to 50,000 g / mol, e.g., 5000 to 40,000 g / mol as measured by GPC-PS.

[0316] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer can have a z-average molecular weight (Mz) (GPC-PS) of 5000 to 150,000 g / mol, such as 10,000 to 150,000 g / mol, such as 15,000 to 70,000 g / mol, such as 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, or 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, or 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, or 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, or 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol, or 40,000 to 60,000 g / mol.

[0317] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a gel content of less than about 5 wt%, less than 3 wt%, less than 2 wt%, less than 1 wt%, less than 0.5 wt%, less than 0.1 wt%, or 0 wt%, wherein the gel content is measured by determining the amount of material extractable from the polymer using boiling xylene (or cyclohexane) as an extractant. The percentage of soluble and insoluble (gel) material in the polymer composition is determined as described herein.

[0318] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (e.g., 3.4 or less, such as 1 to 3.3, such as 1.1 to 3.2, such as 1.2 to 3.0, such as 1.4 to 2.9, as determined by GPC-PS) (the functionality distribution (Fd) value is determined as described in the Examples section below), and an average functionality of 1.4 to 20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4 to 15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3 to 12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4 to 10 FG grafts / polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS.

[0319] The present disclosure relates to amide, imide and / or ester functionalized C 4-5 Olefins (basically composed of C 4-5Olefins are composed of or consist of C 4-5 The invention relates to a hydrogenated / saturated polymer having an olefin composition (e.g., a C4 olefin composition) having an Mw / Mn of less than 2, a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (e.g., 3.4 or less, such as 1 to 3.3, such as 1.1 to 3.2, such as 1.2 to 3.0, such as 1.4 to 2.9, as determined by GPC-PS), and wherein if the polymer before functionalization is a C4 olefin polymer, such as polyisobutylene, polybutadiene or a copolymer thereof (preferably polyisobutylene or a copolymer of isobutylene and butadiene), the C4 olefin polymer has an Mn (GPC-PS) of 10,000 g / mol or more, and if the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of C4 / C5 isoprene and butadiene, the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 Mn (GPC-PS).

[0320] The present disclosure is also directed to amide, imide and / or ester functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymers comprising 90 mol% or more of isoprene repeating units having an Mw / Mn of less than 2, a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (such as 3.4 or less, such as from 1 to 3.3, such as from 1.1 to 3.2, such as from 1.2 to 3.0, such as from 1.4 to 2.9, as determined by GPC-PS), and wherein the polymer prior to functionalization has an Mn (GPC-PS) of 30,000 g / mol or more.

[0321] The present disclosure is also directed to amide, imide and / or ester functionalized hydrogenated / saturated isoprene homopolymers having a Mw / Mn of less than 2, a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (such as 3.4 or less, such as from 1 to 3.3, such as from 1.1 to 3.2, such as from 1.2 to 3.0, such as from 1.4 to 2.9, as determined by GPC-PS), and wherein the polymer prior to functionalization has a Mn of 30,000 g / mol or more (as determined by GPC-PS). Functionalized alpha olefin polymers

[0322] The functionalized polymer can be C2 to C 20 Homopolymers or copolymers of linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins (eg linear alpha olefins), such as ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, styrene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, etc., such as copolymers of ethylene and propylene.

[0323] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer can be a homopolymer of ethylene or propylene, or a copolymer of ethylene and / or propylene. In some embodiments, in a copolymer comprising ethylene and propylene copolymers, ethylene is present in a larger molar amount. In some embodiments, in a copolymer comprising ethylene and propylene copolymers, propylene is present in a larger molar amount.

[0324] In some embodiments, styrene repeating units may be absent in the functionalized polymer.

[0325] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a block copolymer or a tapered block copolymer that does not include styrene blocks.

[0326] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a block copolymer or a tapered block copolymer comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of ethylene and / or propylene.

[0327] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a block copolymer or a tapered block copolymer comprising 50 weight percent or more ethylene, based on the weight of the copolymer.

[0328] The functionalized polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. Optionally, the functionalized polymer comprises a homopolymer or a copolymer of isoprene. The copolymer may be a random copolymer, a tapered block copolymer, a star copolymer or a block copolymer.

[0329] The functionalized polymer may typically have an Mn(GPC-PS) of 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, alternatively 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, alternatively 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, alternatively 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, alternatively 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol.

[0330] The polymer before functionalization may typically have a Mn / Mw (GPC-PS) of 1.0 to 3, such as 1.1 to 2, such as 1.1 to 1.9, such as 1.1 to 1.8. As functionalization proceeds, Mw / Mn broadening may occur.

[0331] The functionalized polymer may typically have an Mw / Mn (GPC-PS) of 1 to 3, or 1 to 2, or greater than 1 to less than 2, or 1.05 to 1.9, or 1.10 to 1.8, or 1.10 to 1.7, or 1.12 to 1.6, or 1.13 to 1.5, or 1.15 to 1.4, or 1.15 to 1.3. Alternatively, the functionalized polymer may typically have an Mw / Mn of 1 or greater than 1 to less than 2 (such as less than 1.8, such as less than 1.7, such as less than 1.6, such as less than 1.4, such as less than 1.2, such as less than 1.15, such as less than 1.12, such as less than 1.10).

[0332] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a saponification value (SAP) of 25 (eg, 28, such as 30, such as 32, such as 34) mgKOH / g or more as determined by ASTM D94.

[0333] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may contribute 17% or more (eg, 20% or more, such as 17 to 40%, such as 20 to 30%) to the saponification value of the lubricating oil composition.

[0334] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 1.4 to 20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4 to 15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3 to 12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4 to 10 FG grafts / polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS.

[0335] The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 15 (eg, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, or 6) or fewer FG grafts per polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS.

[0336] The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 1 (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, or 4.0) or more FG grafts per polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS.

[0337] The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 1 (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, or 4.0) to 15 (e.g., 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, or 6) FG grafts per polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS.

[0338] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 50,000 (e.g., 40,000, e.g., 35,000) g / mol or less as measured by GPC-PS. In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 to 50,000 g / mol, e.g., 5000 to 40,000 g / mol as measured by GPC-PS.

[0339] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer can have a z-average molecular weight (Mz) (GPC-PS) of 5000 to 150,000 g / mol, such as 10,000 to 150,000 g / mol, such as 15,000 to 70,000 g / mol, such as 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, or 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, or 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, or 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, or 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol, or 40,000 to 60,000 g / mol.

[0340] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a gel content of less than about 5 wt%, less than 3 wt%, less than 2 wt%, less than 1 wt%, less than 0.5 wt%, less than 0.1 wt%, or 0 wt%, wherein the gel content is measured by determining the amount of material extractable from the polymer using boiling xylene (or cyclohexane) as an extractant. The percentage of soluble and insoluble (gel) material in the polymer composition is determined as described herein.

[0341] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a functionality distribution (Fd) value greater than 3.5 (e.g., 3.5 to 10, such as 3.8 to 8, such as 4.7 to 7, as determined by GPC-PS) (the functionality distribution (Fd) value is determined as described in the Examples section below), and an average functionality of 1.4 to 20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4 to 15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3 to 12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4 to 10 FG grafts / polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS.

[0342] The present disclosure is also directed to amide, imide and / or ester functionalized hydrogenated / saturated isoprene homopolymers having an Mw / Mn of less than 2, a functionality distribution (Fd) value greater than 3.5 (such as 4.0 or more, such as 4.5 or more, such as 5 or more, such as 6 or more, such as 7 or more, such as from greater than 3.5 to 10, such as from 4.0 to 8.5, such as from 5 to 8.0, such as from 3.8 to 7 as determined by GPC-PS).

[0343] In some embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a functionality distribution (Fd) value greater than 3.5 (e.g., 3.8 or higher, such as 3.8 to 8, such as 4.7 to 7, as determined by GPC-PS) (the functionality distribution (Fd) value is determined as described in the Examples section below), and an average functionality of 1.4 to 20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4 to 15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3 to 12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4 to 10 FG grafts / polymer chain as determined by GPC-PS.

[0344] The lubricating composition according to the present disclosure may further comprise one or more additives, such as detergents, friction modifiers, antioxidants, pour point depressants, defoamers, viscosity modifiers, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, antiwear agents, extreme pressure additives, demulsifiers, seal compatibilizers, additive diluent base oils, etc. Specific examples of such additives are described, for example, in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Edition, Vol. 14, pp. 477-526, several of which are discussed in more detail below. C. Detergent

[0345] The lubricating composition may include one or more metal detergents (such as a blend of metal detergents), also referred to as "detergent additives". Metal detergents typically act both as detergents to reduce or remove deposits and as acid neutralizers or rust inhibitors, thereby reducing wear and corrosion and extending engine life. Detergents typically comprise a polar head and a long hydrophobic tail, the polar head comprising a metal salt of an acidic organic compound. The salts may contain substantially stoichiometric amounts of the metal, in which case they are typically described as normal or neutral salts, and typically have a total base number ("TBN", measured by ASTM D2896) of up to 150 mg KOH / g, such as 0 to 80 (or 5-30) mg KOH / g. Large amounts of metal bases may be introduced by reacting an excess of a metal compound (e.g., an oxide or hydroxide) with an acidic gas (e.g., carbon dioxide). Such detergents, sometimes referred to as overbased, may have a TBN of 100 mg KOH / g or more, such as 200 mg KOH / g or more, and typically have a TBN of 250 mg KOH / g or more, such as 300 mg KOH / g or more, such as 200 to 800 mg KOH / g, 225 to 700 mg KOH / g, 250 to 650 mg KOH / g, or 300 to 600 mg KOH / g, such as 150 to 650 mg KOH / g.

[0346] Suitable detergents include metals, particularly alkali metals (Group 1 metals, such as Li, Na, K, Rb) or alkaline earth metals (Group 2 metals, such as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), particularly sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium and magnesium, such as oil-soluble neutral and overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, naphthenates and other oil-soluble carboxylates of Ca and / or Mg. In addition, the detergent may include hybrid detergents containing any combination of sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates and naphthenates or other oil-soluble carboxylates of Group 1 and / or 2 metals of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium or magnesium.

[0347] Preferably, the detergent additive useful in the present disclosure comprises a calcium and / or magnesium metal salt. The detergent may be a calcium and / or magnesium carboxylate (e.g., salicylate), sulfonate, or phenate detergent. More preferably, the detergent additive is selected from magnesium salicylate, calcium salicylate, magnesium sulfonate, calcium sulfonate, magnesium phenate, calcium phenate, and hybrid detergents comprising two, three, four, or more of these detergents and / or combinations thereof.

[0348] Metal-containing detergents may also include "hybrid" detergents formed with mixed surfactant systems including phenate and / or sulfonate components, such as phenate / salicylate, sulfonate / phenate, sulfonate / salicylate, sulfonate / phenate / salicylate, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,429,178; 6,429,179; 6,153,565; and 6,281,179. When, for example, a hybrid sulfonate / phenate detergent is used, the hybrid detergent is considered equivalent to the amounts of separate phenate and sulfonate detergents incorporating similar amounts of phenate and sulfonate soaps, respectively.

[0349] Overbased metal-containing detergents can be sodium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts or mixtures thereof of phenates, sulfur-containing phenates, sulfonates, salixarates and salicylates. Overbased phenates and salicylates typically have a total base number of 180 to 650 mg KOH / g, such as 200 to 450 TBN mg KOH / g. Overbased sulfonates typically have a total base number of 250 to 600 mg KOH / g, or 300 to 500 mg KOH / g. In some embodiments, the sulfonate detergent can be primarily a linear alkylbenzene or alkyltoluene sulfonate detergent having a metal ratio of at least 8 as described in paragraphs

[0026] to

[0037] of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 065045 (granted as U.S. Patent No. 7,407,919). The overbased detergent may be present at 0 to 15 wt %, or 0.1 to 10 wt %, or 0.2 to 8 wt %, or 0.2 to 3 wt % based on the lubricating composition. For example, in a heavy-duty diesel engine, the detergent may be present at 2 to 3 wt % of the lubricating composition. For a passenger car engine, the detergent may be present at 0.2 to 1 wt % of the lubricating composition.

[0350] The detergent additive may comprise one or more magnesium sulfonate detergents. The magnesium detergent may be a neutral salt or an overbased salt. Suitably, the magnesium detergent is an overbased magnesium sulfonate having a TBN of 80 to 650 mg KOH / g (ASTM D2896), such as 200 to 500 mg KOH / g, such as 240 to 450 mg KOH / g.

[0351] Alternatively, the detergent additive is magnesium salicylate. Suitably, the magnesium detergent is magnesium salicylate having a TBN of 30 to 650 mg KOH / g (ASTM D2896), such as 50 to 500 mg KOH / g, such as 200 to 500 mg KOH / g, such as 240 to 450 mg KOH / g, or 150 mg KOH / g or less, such as 100 mg KOH / g or less.

[0352] Alternatively, the detergent additive is a combination of magnesium salicylate and magnesium sulfonate.

[0353] The magnesium detergent provides 200-4000 ppm of magnesium atoms, suitably 200-2000 ppm, 300 to 1500 ppm or 450-1200 ppm of magnesium atoms to the lubricating composition thereof (ASTM D5185).

[0354] The detergent composition may comprise (or consist of) a combination of one or more magnesium sulfonate detergents and one or more calcium salicylate detergents.

[0355] The combination of one or more magnesium sulfonate detergents and one or more calcium salicylate detergents provides to the lubricating composition thereof: 1) 200-4000 ppm of atomic magnesium, suitably 200-2000 ppm, 300 to 1500 ppm or 450-1200 ppm of atomic magnesium (ASTM D5185), and 2) at least 500 ppm, preferably at least 750 ppm, more preferably at least 900 ppm of atomic calcium, such as 500-4000 ppm, preferably 750-3000 ppm, more preferably 900-2000 ppm of atomic calcium (ASTM D5185).

[0356] The detergent may comprise one or more calcium detergents, such as calcium carboxylate (eg salicylate), sulfonate or phenate detergents.

[0357] Suitably, the calcium detergent has a TBN of 30 to 700 mg KOH / g (ASTM D2896), such as 50 to 650 mg KOH / g, such as 200 to 500 mg KOH / g, such as 240 to 450 mg KOH / g, or 150 mg KOH / g or lower, such as 100 mg KOH / g or lower, or 200 mg KOH / g or higher, or 300 mg KOH / g or higher, or 350 mg KOH / g or higher.

[0358] Suitably, the calcium detergent is a calcium salicylate, calcium sulfonate or calcium phenate having a TBN of 30 to 700 mg KOH / g, 30 to 650 mg KOH / g (ASTM D2896), such as 50 to 650 mg KOH / g, such as 200 to 500 mg KOH / g, such as 240 to 450 mg KOH / g, or 150 mg KOH / g or less, such as 100 mg KOH / g or less, or 200 mg KOH / g or more, or 300 mg KOH / g or more, or 350 mg KOH / g or more.

[0359] The calcium detergent is typically present in an amount sufficient to provide at least 500 ppm, preferably at least 750, more preferably at least 900 ppm of atomic calcium to the lubricating oil composition (ASTM D5185). If present, any calcium detergent is suitably present in an amount sufficient to provide no more than 4000 ppm, preferably no more than 3000 ppm, more preferably no more than 2000 ppm of atomic calcium to the lubricating oil composition (ASTM D5185). If present, any calcium detergent is suitably present in an amount sufficient to provide 500-4000 ppm, preferably 750-3000 ppm, more preferably 900-2000 ppm of atomic calcium to the lubricating oil composition (ASTM D5185).

[0360] Suitably, the total atomic amount of metals from detergents in lubricating compositions according to all aspects of the present disclosure is no more than 5000 ppm, preferably no more than 4000 ppm, more preferably no more than 2000 ppm (ASTM D5185). The total atomic amount of metals from detergents in lubricating oil compositions according to all aspects of the present disclosure is suitably at least 500 ppm, preferably at least 800 ppm, more preferably at least 1000 ppm (ASTM D5185). The total atomic amount of metals from detergents in lubricating oil compositions according to all aspects of the present disclosure is suitably from 500 to 5000 ppm, preferably from 500 to 3000 ppm, more preferably from 500 to 2000 ppm (ASTM D5185).

[0361] Sulfonate detergents can be prepared from sulfonic acids, which are generally obtained by sulfonation of alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons (such as those obtained by fractionation of petroleum or by alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons). Examples include those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, biphenyl or their halogen derivatives, such as chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene and chloronaphthalene. Alkylation can be carried out with an alkylating agent having from about 3 to more than 70 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst. Alkaryl sulfonates generally contain from about 9 to about 80 or more carbon atoms per alkyl-substituted aromatic moiety, preferably from about 16 to about 60 carbon atoms. The oil-soluble sulfonates or alkaryl sulfonic acids can be neutralized with metal oxides, hydroxides, alkoxides, carbonates, carboxylates, sulfides, hydrosulfides, nitrates, borates and ethers. The amount of the metal compound is selected in consideration of the desired TBN of the final product, but is generally about 100 to 220 mass % (preferably at least 125 mass %) of the stoichiometrically required amount.

[0362] Metal salts of phenols and sulfurized phenols are prepared by reaction with appropriate metal compounds, such as oxides or hydroxides, and neutral and / or overbased products can be obtained by methods well known in the art. Sulfurized phenols can be prepared by reacting phenols with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds (such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur monohalides or sulfur dihalides) to form a product that is generally a mixture of compounds in which two or more phenols are bridged by sulfur-containing bridges.

[0363] Carboxylate detergents, such as salicylates, can be prepared by reacting aromatic carboxylic acids (such as C 5-100 , C 9-30 , C 14-24 , C 12-20 The aromatic carboxylic acid may be prepared by reacting an alkyl-substituted hydroxybenzoic acid) with an appropriate metal compound, such as an oxide or hydroxide, and neutral and / or overbased products may be obtained by methods known in the art. The aromatic moiety of the aromatic carboxylic acid may contain heteroatoms, such as nitrogen and oxygen. The moiety preferably contains only carbon atoms; the moiety more preferably contains six or more carbon atoms; for example, benzene is a preferred moiety. The aromatic carboxylic acid may contain one or more aromatic moieties, such as one or more benzene rings, fused or connected via an alkylene bridge.

[0364] Preferred substituents in oil-soluble salicylic acids are alkyl substituents. In alkyl-substituted salicylic acids, the alkyl group advantageously contains 5 to 100, preferably 9 to 30, especially 14 to 20, especially 12 to 20 carbon atoms. If more than one alkyl group is present, the average number of carbon atoms in all alkyl groups is preferably at least 9 to ensure sufficient oil solubility.

[0365] In some embodiments, the ratio of detergent atomic metal to atomic molybdenum in the lubricating oil composition may be less than 3:1, such as less than 2:1.

[0366] In addition, since metal organic and inorganic base salts used as detergents can contribute to the sulfated ash content of the lubricating oil composition, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the amount of such additives is minimized. In order to maintain a low sulfur content, salicylate detergents may be used and the lubricating compositions herein may include one or more salicylate detergents (the detergents are preferably used in an amount of 0.05 to 20.0 wt. %, more preferably 1.0 to 10.0 wt. %, and most preferably 2.0 to 5.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition).

[0367] The lubricating compositions herein generally have a total sulfated ash content of no greater than 2.0 wt%, or at a level of no greater than 1.0 wt%, or at a level of no greater than 0.8 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition as determined by ASTM D874.

[0368] Furthermore, it is useful that each detergent independently has a TBN value (Total Base Number) as measured by ISO 3771 in the range of 10 to 700 mg KOH / g, 10 to 500 mg KOH / g, or in the range of 100 to 650 mg KOH / g, or in the range of 10 to 500 mg KOH / g, or in the range of 30 to 350 mg KOH / g, or in the range of 50 to 300 mg KOH / g.

[0369] Sulfonate detergents (such as Ca and / or Mg sulfonate detergents) may be present in an amount to provide the lubricant composition with 0 to 2 wt%, or 0.1 to 1.5 wt%, or 0.2 to 1 wt%, such as 0.1 to 1.5 wt%, or 0.15 to 1.2 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.9 wt% sulfonate soap.

[0370] The salicylate detergent (such as a Ca and / or Mg salicylate detergent) is present in an amount to provide the lubricant composition with 0.2 wt% to 2.5 wt%, or 0.3 wt% to 2.0 wt%, or 0.3 wt% to 1.8 wt%, such as 0.3 wt% to 1.4 wt%, or 0.35 wt% to 1.2 wt%, or 0.4 wt% to 1.0 wt% salicylate soap.

[0371] The sulfonate soap may be present in an amount of 0.2% to 0.8% by weight of the lubricant composition, and the salicylate soap may be present in an amount of 0.2% to 1.5%, such as 0.3% to 1.0% by weight of the lubricant composition.

[0372] All alkaline earth metal detergent soaps combined may be present in an amount of 0.4 to 2.3 wt %, or 0.5 to 2.0 wt %, such as 0.6 to 2.1 wt %, or 0.7 to 1.4 wt % of the lubricant composition.

[0373] Typically, lubricating compositions formulated for heavy duty diesel engines contain from about 0.1 to about 10 mass %, alternatively from about 0.5 to about 7.5 mass %, alternatively from about 1 to about 6.5 mass % detergent based on the lubricating composition.

[0374] Typically, lubricating compositions formulated for use in passenger vehicle engines contain from about 0.1 to about 10 mass %, alternatively from about 0.5 to about 7.5 mass %, alternatively from about 1 to about 6.5 mass % detergent based on the lubricating composition.

[0375] Typically, lubricating compositions formulated for use in transmission systems (eg, gearboxes) contain about 0.1 to about 10 mass %, or about 0.5 to about 7.5 mass %, or about 2 to about 6.5 mass % detergent based on the lubricating composition.

[0376] Optionally, phenate detergents are substantially absent or absent from the lubricating oil composition. D. Friction modifier

[0377] Friction modifiers are any materials that can change the coefficient of friction of a surface lubricated with any lubricant or fluid containing such a material. If desired, friction modifiers, also known as friction reducers or lubricity agents or oiliness agents, and other such agents that change the ability of a base oil, formulated lubricating composition, or functional fluid to adjust the coefficient of friction of a lubricated surface can be effectively used in combination with the base oil or lubricating composition of the present disclosure. Friction modifiers that reduce the coefficient of friction are particularly advantageously combined with the base oil and lubricating composition of the present disclosure.

[0378] Exemplary friction modifiers may include, for example, organometallic compounds or materials or mixtures thereof. Exemplary organometallic friction modifiers that may be used in lubricating oil formulations of the present disclosure include, for example, tungsten and / or molybdenum compounds, such as molybdenum amines, molybdenum diamines, organic tungstates, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, molybdenum dithiophosphates, molybdenum amine complexes, molybdenum carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of available molybdenum-containing compounds may conveniently include molybdenum dithiocarbamates, trinuclear molybdenum compounds (e.g., as described in PCT Publication No. WO 98 / 26030), sulfides of molybdenum, and molybdenum dithiophosphates.

[0379] Other known friction modifiers include oil-soluble organic molybdenum compounds. Such organic molybdenum friction modifiers can also provide antioxidant and antiwear benefits to the lubricating oil composition. Examples of such oil-soluble organic molybdenum compounds include dithiocarbamates, dithiophosphates, dithiophosphinates, xanthates, thioxanthates, sulfides, and the like, and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are molybdenum dithiocarbamates, molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphates, molybdenum alkyl xanthates, and molybdenum alkyl thioxanthates.

[0380] In addition, the molybdenum compound can be an acidic molybdenum compound. These compounds react with basic nitrogen compounds as measured by ASTM test D664 or D2896 titration procedures and are generally hexavalent. They include molybdic acid, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate and other alkali metal molybdates and other molybdenum salts, such as sodium hydrogen molybdate, MoOCl4, MoO2Br2, Mo2O3Cl6, molybdenum trioxide or similar acidic molybdenum compounds.

[0381] Molybdenum compounds useful in the compositions of the present disclosure include organic molybdenum compounds of the formula Mo(R"OCS2)4 and Mo(R"SCS2)4, wherein R" is an organic group selected from alkyl, aryl, aralkyl and alkoxyalkyl groups generally having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and most preferably an alkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are dialkyl dithiocarbamates of molybdenum.

[0382] Another class of organic molybdenum compounds useful in the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure are trinuclear molybdenum compounds, particularly those of the formula Mo3S k L n Q z Those and mixtures thereof, wherein L is an independently selected ligand having an organic group having a sufficient number of carbon atoms to render the compound soluble or dispersible in oil, n is 1 to 4, k is 4 to 7, Q is selected from neutral electron donating compounds such as water, amines, alcohols, phosphines and ethers, and z is 0 to 5 and includes non-stoichiometric values. At least 21 carbon atoms should be present in all ligands / organic groups, such as at least 25, at least 30 or at least 35 carbon atoms.

[0383] Lubricating oil compositions useful in all aspects of the present disclosure preferably contain at least 10 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, more preferably at least 50 ppm of molybdenum. Suitably, lubricating oil compositions useful in all aspects of the present disclosure contain no more than 1000 ppm, no more than 750 ppm, or no more than 500 ppm of molybdenum. Lubricating oil compositions useful in all aspects of the present disclosure preferably contain from 10 to 1000, such as from 30 to 750 or from 40 to 500 ppm of molybdenum (measured as molybdenum atoms).

[0384] For more information on useful Mo-containing friction modifiers, see US Pat. No. 10,829,712 (column 8, line 58 to column 11, line 31).

[0385] Ashless friction modifiers may be present in the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure and are well known, and include esters formed by reacting carboxylic acids and anhydrides with alkanols and amine-based friction modifiers. Other available friction modifiers generally include polar end groups (e.g., carboxyl or hydroxyl groups) covalently bonded to lipophilic hydrocarbon chains. Esters of carboxylic acids and anhydrides with alkanols are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,702,850. M. Belzer in "Journal of Tribology" (1992), Vol. 114, pp. 675-682 and M. Belzer and S. Jahanmir in "Lubrication Science" (1988), Vol. 1, pp. 3-26 describe examples of other conventional organic friction modifiers. Typically, the total amount of organic ashless friction modifiers in the lubricant according to the present disclosure is no more than 5% by mass, preferably no more than 2% by mass, and more preferably no more than 0.5% by mass based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.

[0386] Exemplary friction modifiers useful in the lubricating compositions described herein include, for example, alkoxylated fatty acid esters, alkanolamides, polyol fatty acid esters, boronated glycerol fatty acid esters, fatty alcohol ethers, and mixtures thereof.

[0387] Exemplary alkoxylated fatty acid esters include, for example, polyoxyethylene stearates, fatty acid polyglycol esters, etc. These may include polyoxypropylene stearate, polyoxybutylene stearate, polyoxyethylene isostearate, polyoxypropylene isostearate, polyoxyethylene palmitate, and the like.

[0388] Exemplary alkanolamides include, for example, lauric acid diethyl alkanolamide, palmitic acid diethyl alkanolamide, etc. These may include oleic acid diethyl alkanolamide, stearic acid diethyl alkanolamide, oleic acid diethyl alkanolamide, polyethoxylated hydrocarbyl amides, polypropoxylated hydrocarbyl amides, and the like.

[0389] Exemplary polyol fatty acid esters include, for example, glycerol monooleate, saturated mono-, di- and triglycerides, glycerol monostearate, etc. These may include polyol esters, hydroxyl-containing polyol esters, and the like.

[0390] Exemplary boronized glycerol fatty acid esters include, for example, boronized glycerol monooleate, boronized saturated mono-, di- and triglycerides, boronized glycerol monostearate, etc. In addition to glycerol polyols, these may also include trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitan, etc. These esters may be polyol monocarboxylates, polyol dicarboxylates and sometimes, polyol tricarboxylates. Preferred may be glycerol monooleate, glycerol dioleate, glycerol trioleate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol distearate and glycerol tristearate and corresponding glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol dipalmitate and glycerol tripalmitate, and respective isostearates, linoleate, etc. Ethoxylated, propoxylated and / or butoxylated fatty acid esters of polyols (especially using glycerol as the base polyol) may be used for this.

[0391] Exemplary fatty alcohol ethers include, for example, stearyl ether, myristic ether, and the like. 50 The alcohol portion of the base alcohol may preferably be stearyl, myristyl, C 11 -C 13 Hydrocarbon, oleyl, isostearyl, etc.

[0392] Useful concentrations of friction modifiers may be 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %, or about 0.01 wt % to about 2.5 wt %, or about 0.05 wt % to about 1.5 wt %, or about 0.051 wt % to about 1 wt %. The concentration of molybdenum-containing materials is usually described as Mo metal concentration. The favorable concentration of Mo may be 25 ppm to 700 ppm or more, with a preferred range of 50-200 ppm. All types of friction modifiers may be used alone or in combination with the materials disclosed herein. A mixture of two or more friction modifiers or a mixture of a friction modifier with an alternative surface active material is also generally desirable. For example, a combination of a Mo-containing compound and a polyol fatty acid ester, such as glycerol monooleate, may be used herein.

[0393] According to still further aspects of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may have a coefficient of friction as measured by HFRR (as described in the Experimental section below) of 0.13 or less, 0.12 or less, such as 0.11 or less, such as 0.10 or less, such as 0.09 or less, such as 0.08 or less, such as 0.07 or less, such as 0.06 or less, such as 0.05 or less, such as 0.045 or less.

[0394] According to still further aspects of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may comprise glycerol monooleate and optionally a molybdenum compound and have a coefficient of friction as measured by HFRR (as described in the Experimental section below) of 0.13 or less, 0.12 or less, such as 0.11 or less, such as 0.10 or less, such as 0.09 or less, such as 0.08 or less, such as 0.07 or less, such as 0.06 or less, such as 0.05 or less, such as 0.045 or less.

[0395] According to still further aspects of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may comprise glycerol monooleate and optionally a molybdenum compound and have a coefficient of friction as measured by HFRR (as described in the Experimental section below) that is at least 10% lower, or at least 20% lower, or at least 30% lower, or at least 40% lower, or at least 50% lower, or at least 60% lower than the coefficient of friction of the same oil prepared and tested under the same conditions except that the friction modifier is not present (the base oil may be increased to make up 100 wt. %).

[0396] According to still further aspects of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may have a coefficient of friction as measured by HFRR (as described in the Experimental section below) that is at least 10% lower, or at least 20% lower, or at least 30% lower, or at least 40% lower, or at least 50% lower, or at least 60% lower than the coefficient of friction of the same oil prepared and tested under the same conditions except that no friction modifier is present (the base oil may be increased to make up 100 wt. %). E. Antioxidants

[0397] Antioxidants delay oxidative degradation of base oils during use. Such degradation may result in deposits on metal surfaces, the presence of sludge, increased viscosity in lubricants, etc. A wide variety of oxidation inhibitors can be used in lubricating oil compositions. See, for example, Lubricants and Related Products, Klamann, Wiley VCH, 1984; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,798,684 and 5,084,197.

[0398] Useful antioxidants include hindered phenols. These phenolic antioxidants can be ashless (metal-free) phenolic compounds or neutral or alkaline metal salts of certain phenolic compounds. Typical phenolic antioxidant compounds are hindered phenols containing sterically hindered hydroxyl groups. These include derivatives of dihydroxy aromatic compounds in which the hydroxyl groups are in the ortho or para position to each other. Typical phenolic antioxidants include C 6+Alkyl-substituted hindered phenols and alkylene coupled derivatives of these hindered phenols. Examples of this type of phenolic material include 2-tert-butyl-4-heptylphenol; 2-tert-butyl-4-octylphenol; 2-tert-butyl-4-dodecylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-heptylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dodecylphenol; 2-methyl-6-tert-butyl-4-heptylphenol; and 2-methyl-6-tert-butyl-4-dodecylphenol. Other useful hindered mono-phenolic antioxidants may include, for example, hindered 2,6-di-alkyl-phenol propionate derivatives. Bis-phenolic antioxidants may also be advantageously used herein. Examples of ortho-coupled phenols include: 2,2'-bis(4-heptyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol); 2,2'-bis(4-octyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol); and 2,2'-bis(4-dodecyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol). Para-coupled bisphenols include, for example, 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol) and 4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol).

[0399] An effective amount of one or more catalytic antioxidants may also be used. The catalytic antioxidant comprises an effective amount of a) one or more oil-soluble multimetallic organic compounds; and an effective amount of b) one or more substituted N,N'-diaryl-o-phenylenediamine compounds, or c) one or more hindered phenol compounds; or a combination of b) and c). Catalytic antioxidants useful herein are more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,048,833.

[0400] Non-phenolic oxidation inhibitors that may be used include aromatic amine antioxidants, which may be used as such or in combination with phenolics. Typical examples of non-phenolic antioxidants include: alkylated and non-alkylated aromatic amines, such as those of the formula R8R9R 10 N aromatic monoamine, wherein R8 is an aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic group, R9 is an aromatic or substituted aromatic group, and R 10 is H, alkyl, aryl or R 11 S(O)XR 12 , where R 11 is an alkylene group, an alkenylene group or an aralkylene group, R 12 R8 is an alkyl or alkenyl, aryl or alkaryl, and x is 0, 1 or 2. The aliphatic group R8 can contain 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably contains about 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The aliphatic group is a saturated aliphatic group normally. Preferably, R8 and R9 are aromatic or substituted aromatic groups, and the aromatic group can be a condensed ring aromatic group, such as naphthyl. Aromatic groups R8 and R9 can be linked together with other groups such as S.

[0401] Typical aromatic amine antioxidants have an alkyl substituent containing at least about 6 carbon atoms. Examples of aliphatic groups include hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and decyl. Typically, aliphatic groups do not contain more than about 14 carbon atoms. General types of amine antioxidants that can be used in the present composition include diphenylamine, phenylnaphthylamine, phenothiazine, iminodibenzyls and diphenylphenylenediamine. Mixtures of two or more aromatic amines are also available. Polymeric amine antioxidants can also be used. Specific examples of aromatic amine antioxidants that can be used in the present disclosure include: p, p'-dioctyldiphenylamine; tert-octylphenyl-α-naphthylamine; phenyl-α-naphthylamine; and p-octylphenyl-α-naphthylamine.

[0402] Sulfur-containing antioxidants may also be used herein. In particular, one or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible sulfur-containing antioxidants may be used as antioxidant additives. For example, sulfurized alkylphenols and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts thereof are also antioxidants useful herein. Suitably, the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may include the one or more sulfur-containing antioxidants in an amount providing the lubricating oil composition with 0.02 to 0.2, preferably 0.02 to 0.15, even more preferably 0.02 to 0.1, even more preferably 0.04 to 0.1 mass % sulfur based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. Optionally, the oil-soluble or oil-dispersible sulfur-containing antioxidant is selected from sulfurized C4 to C 25 Olefins, sulfurized aliphatic (C7 to C 29 ) hydrocarbon fatty acid esters, ashless sulfurized phenolic antioxidants, sulfur-containing organic molybdenum compounds and combinations thereof. For further information on sulfurized materials that can be used as antioxidants herein, see U.S. Pat. No. 10,731,101 (column 15, line 55 to column 22, line 12).

[0403] The antioxidants useful herein include hindered phenols and / or arylamines. These antioxidants can be used independently or in combination with each other according to their type.

[0404] Typical antioxidants include: Irganox TM L67, Ethanox TM 4702、Lanxess Additin TM RC7110; Ethanox TM 4782J; Irganox TM 1135. Irganox TM 5057, Sulphurized lard and palm oil fatty acid methyl esters.

[0405] The antioxidant additive may be used in an amount of about 0.01 to 10 (or 0.01 to 5, or 0.01 to 3) wt %, or about 0.03 to 5 wt %, or 0.05 to less than 3 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricating composition.

[0406] The compositions according to the present disclosure may contain additives having different listed functions and also having a secondary effect as antioxidants (e.g., phosphorus-containing antiwear agents such as ZDDP may also have an antioxidant effect). These additives are not counted as antioxidants for determining the amount of antioxidant in the lubricating oil compositions or concentrates herein. F. Pour Point Depressants

[0407] If desired, conventional pour point depressants (also known as lubricant flow improvers) may be added to the compositions of the present disclosure. These pour point depressants may be added to the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure to reduce the minimum temperature required for the fluid to flow or pour. Examples of suitable pour point depressants include polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, condensation products of halogenated paraffins and aromatic compounds, carboxylic acid vinyl ester polymers, and terpolymers of dialkyl fumarates, fatty acid vinyl esters, and allyl vinyl ethers. U.S. Patent Nos. 1,815,022; 2,015,748; 2,191,498; 2,387,501; 2,655,479; 2,666,746; 2,721,877; 2,721,878; and 3,250,715 describe useful pour point depressants and / or their preparation. Such additives may be used in amounts of about 0.01 to 5 wt %, preferably about 0.01 to 1.5 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricating composition. G. Defoaming agent

[0408] Defoamers can be advantageously added to the lubricant compositions described herein. These agents prevent or delay the formation of stable foam. Silicones and / or organic polymers are typical defoamers. For example, polysiloxanes, such as silicone oil or polydimethylsiloxane provide defoaming properties.

[0409] Defoamers are commercially available and can be used in minor amounts, such as 5 wt% or less, 3 wt% or less, 1 wt% or less, 0.1 wt% or less, such as 5 wt% to 0.1 ppm, such as 3 wt% to 0.5 ppm, such as 1 wt% to 10 ppm.

[0410] For example, it is possible that the lubricating oil composition comprises a defoamer comprising a polyalkylsiloxane, such as a polydialkylsiloxane, wherein the alkyl group is C1-C 10 Alkyl, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), also known as silicone oil. Alternatively, siloxane is poly(R 3 ) siloxane, wherein R 3is one or more identical or different linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon radicals, such as alkyl or aryl radicals, which generally have 1 to 20 carbon atoms. It is possible, for example, that the lubricating oil composition comprises a polymeric siloxane compound according to the following formula 1, wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl or decyl, phenyl, naphthyl, alkyl-substituted phenyl or isomers thereof (such as methyl, phenyl), and n is 2 to 1000, such as 50 to 450, or such as 40 to 100.

[0411] Additionally or alternatively, it is possible that the lubricating oil composition comprises an organo-modified siloxane (OMS), such as a polyether (e.g. ethylene-propylene oxide copolymer), a long-chain hydrocarbon group (e.g. C 11 -C 100 Alkyl) or aryl (e.g. C6-C 14 It is possible, for example, that the lubricating oil composition comprises an organic modified siloxane compound according to Formula 1, wherein n is 2 to 2000, such as 50 to 450 (or such as 40 to 100), and wherein R 1 and R 2 Same or different, any one of R 1 and R 2 Each independently is an organic group, such as selected from polyethers (such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers), long-chain hydrocarbon groups (such as C 11 -C 100 Alkyl) or aryl (e.g. C6-C 14 aryl) organic group. Preferably, R 1 and R 2 One of them is CH3.

[0412] The siloxane according to Formula 1 is incorporated to provide about 0.1 to less than about 30 ppm Si, or about 0.1 to about 25 ppm Si, or about 0.1 to about 20 ppm Si, or about 0.1 to about 15 ppm Si, or about 0.1 to about 10 ppm Si, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. More preferably, it is in the range of about 3-10 ppm Si.

[0413] In some embodiments, silicone anti-foam agents useful herein are available from Dow Corning Corporation and Union Carbide Corporation, such as Dow Corning FS-1265 (1000 centistokes), Dow Corning DC-200, and Union Carbide UC-L45. Silicone anti-foam agents useful herein include polydimethylsiloxanes, phenyl-methylpolysiloxanes, linear, cyclic or branched siloxanes, silicone polymers and copolymers, and / or organo-silicone copolymers. Silicone polyether copolymer anti-foam agents available from OSI Specialties, Inc. of Farmington Hills, Michigan may also be substituted or included. One such material is sold as SILWET-L-7220.

[0414] Acrylate polymer defoamers may also be used herein. Typical acrylate defoamers include the polyacrylate defoamer known as PC-1244 available from Monsanto Polymer Products Co. A preferred acrylate polymer defoamer useful herein is PX TM 3841 (i.e. alkyl acrylate polymer), also known as Mobilad TM C402.

[0415] In some embodiments, a combination of a silicone defoamer and an acrylate defoamer may be used, such as in a weight ratio of silicone defoamer / acrylate defoamer of about 5:1 to about 1:5, see, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021 / 0189283. H. Viscosity Improver

[0416] Viscosity modifiers (also referred to as viscosity index improvers or viscosity modifiers) may be included in the lubricating compositions described herein. Viscosity modifiers provide high and low temperature operability to the lubricant. These additives provide shear stability at elevated temperatures and acceptable viscosity at low temperatures. Suitable viscosity modifiers include high molecular weight hydrocarbons, polyesters, and viscosity modifier dispersants that can act as both viscosity modifiers and dispersants. The typical molecular weight of these polymers is between about 10,000 and 1,500,000 g / mol, more typically about 20,000 to 1,200,000 g / mol, and more typically about 50,000 to 1,000,000 g / mol.

[0417] Examples of suitable viscosity modifiers are linear or star polymers and copolymers of methacrylates, butadiene, olefins or alkylated styrenes. Polyisobutylene is a commonly used viscosity modifier. Another suitable viscosity modifier is polymethacrylate (e.g., copolymers of alkyl methacrylates of various chain lengths), some of which also serve as pour point depressants. Other suitable viscosity modifiers include copolymers of ethylene and propylene, hydrogenated block copolymers of styrene and isoprene, and polyacrylates (e.g., copolymers of acrylates of various chain lengths). Specific examples include styrene-isoprene or styrene-butadiene based polymers of 50,000 to 200,000 g / mol molecular weight.

[0418] Copolymers useful as viscosity modifiers include those available under the trade name "PARATONE TM "(such as "PARATONE TM 8921"、"PARATONE TM 68231"、"PARATONE TM 24EX" and "PARATONE TM 8941") from ChevronOronite Company LLC; under the trade name "HiTEC TM "(such as HiTEC TM 5850B and HiTEC TM 5777) from Afton Chemical Corporation; and under the trade name "Lubrizol TM 7067C" and "Lubrizol TM 7077D" available from The Lubrizol Corporation. Hydrogenated polyisoprene star polymers useful as viscosity modifiers herein include those available from Infineum International Limited, such as those available under the trade name "SV203 TM "、"SV200 TM "and" SV600 TM ". Hydrogenated diene-styrene block copolymers useful as viscosity modifiers herein are available from Infineum International Limited, for example under the trade name "SV 50 TM ".

[0419] Polymers useful as viscosity modifiers herein include polymethacrylate or polyacrylate polymers, such as linear polymethacrylate or polyacrylate polymers, such as those available under the trade name "Viscoplex TM "(e.g. Viscoplex TM 6-954) available from Evonik Industries, or under the trade name Asteric TM (e.g. Lubrizol TM 87708 and Lubrizol TM 87725) is a star polymer available from Lubrizol Corporation.

[0420] Vinyl aromatic-containing polymers useful as viscosity modifiers herein may be derived from vinyl aromatic monomers, such as styrenic monomers, such as styrene. Exemplary vinyl aromatic-containing copolymers useful herein may be represented by the following general formula: AB, wherein A is a polymeric block primarily derived from a vinyl aromatic monomer (such as styrene), and B is a polymeric block primarily derived from a conjugated diene monomer (such as isoprene).

[0421] Vinyl aromatic-containing polymers useful as viscosity improvers may have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 20 cSt or less, such as 15 cSt or less, such as 12 cSt or less, but may be diluted (such as in Group I, II and / or III base stocks) to a higher kinematic viscosity at 100°C, such as to 40 cSt or more, such as 100 cSt or more, such as 1000 cSt or more, such as 1000 to 2000 cSt.

[0422] Typically, the viscosity modifier can be used in an amount of about 0.01 to about 10 weight percent, such as about 0.1 to about 7 weight percent, such as 0.1 to about 4 weight percent, such as about 0.2 to about 2 weight percent, such as about 0.2 to about 1 weight percent, and such as about 0.2 to about 0.5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the formulated lubricant composition.

[0423] Viscosity improvers are usually added as concentrates in a large amount of diluent oil. "As delivered" viscosity improvers usually contain 20 to 75 weight percent active polymer for polymethacrylate or polyacrylate polymers, or 8 to 20 weight percent active polymer for olefin copolymers, hydrogenated polyisoprene star polymers or hydrogenated diene-styrene block copolymers in an "as delivered" polymer concentrate. I. Dispersants

[0424] During the operation of the engine, oil-insoluble oxidation byproducts are produced. Dispersants help keep these byproducts in solution, thereby reducing their deposition on metal surfaces. The dispersants used in the formulation of the lubricating composition herein can be ashless or ash-forming in nature. The dispersant is preferably ashless. So-called ashless dispersants are organic materials that do not form ash substantially during combustion. For example, metal-free dispersants or boronized metal-free dispersants are considered ashless. In contrast, metal-containing detergents tend to form ash during combustion.

[0425] Dispersants useful herein typically contain polar groups connected to relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chains. Polar groups typically contain at least one element of nitrogen, oxygen or phosphorus. Typical hydrocarbon chains contain 40 to 500, such as 50 to 400 carbon atoms. When used in the context of a functionalized polymer serving as a dispersant, the molecular weight is typically reported for the base polymer before modification. For example, the molecular weight of a PIBSA-PAM dispersant is typically reported for the base polymer before functionalization with an acylating agent (maleic acid or anhydride) and a functional group (such as a polyamine). Therefore, the molecular weight of the dispersant herein belongs to the molecular weight of the base polymer from which the dispersant is derived. Dispersants of (Poly)alkenylsuccinic acid derivatives derivatives

[0426] One particularly useful class of dispersants includes (poly) alkenyl succinic acid derivatives, typically prepared by the reaction of a long chain hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid compound (typically a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride) with a polyhydroxy or polyamino compound. The long chain hydrocarbyl group that constitutes the lipophilic portion of the molecule (which provides oil solubility) is typically a polyisobutylene group (the long chain hydrocarbyl group, such as a polyisobutylene group, typically has an Mn of 400 to 3000 g / mol, such as 450 to 2500 g / mol). Many examples of this type of dispersant are well known commercially and in the literature. Exemplary U.S. patents describing such dispersants include U.S. Patent Nos. 3,172,892; 3,2145,707; 3,219,666; 3,316,177; 3,341,542; 3,444,170; 3,454,607; 3,541,012; 3,630,904; 3,632,511; 3,787,374 and 4,234,435. Other types of dispersants are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,036,003; 3,200,107; 3,254,025; 3,275,554; 3,438,757; 3,454,555; 3,565,804; 3,413,347; 3,697,574; 3,725,277; 3,725,480; 3,726,882; 4,454,059; 3,329,658; 3,449,250; 3,519,565; 3,666,730; 3,687,849; 3,702,300; 4,100,082; 5,705,458. Further descriptions of dispersants useful herein can be found, for example, in European Patent Application Nos. 0 471 071 and 0 451 380, to which reference is made for this purpose.

[0427] Hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid and hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride derivatives are useful dispersants. In particular, succinimide, succinate or succinate amide prepared by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride compound (typically having at least 25 carbon atoms, such as 28 to 400 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl substituent) with at least 1 equivalent of a polyhydroxy or polyamino compound (such as an alkyleneamine) are particularly useful for this. Hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid and hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride derivatives can have a number average molecular weight of at least 400 g / mol, such as at least 900 g / mol, such as at least 1500 g / mol, such as 400 to 4000 g / mol, such as 800 to 3000, such as 2000 to 2800 g / mol, such as about 2100 to 2500 g / mol, and such as about 2200 to about 2400 g / mol.

[0428] Succinimides particularly useful herein are formed by the condensation reaction between 1) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride (e.g., an acylated polymer backbone), such as polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA); and 2) a polyamine (PAM). Examples of suitable polyamines include: polyhydrocarbyl polyamines, polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxyl-substituted polyamines, polyoxyalkylene polyamines, and combinations thereof. Examples of polyamines include tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (ADPA), and other polyamines having an average of 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 nitrogen atoms per molecule. Mixtures in which the average number of nitrogen atoms per polyamine molecule is greater than 7 are generally referred to as heavy polyamines or H-PAMs and may be referred to by trade names such as HPA. TM and HPA-X TM Purchased from Dow Chemical, E-100 TM Available from Huntsman Chemical, etc. Examples of hydroxy substituted polyamines include N-hydroxyalkyl-alkylene polyamines such as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine and / or N-hydroxyalkylated alkylene diamines of the type described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,009. Examples of polyoxyalkylene polyamines include polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene diamines and triamines (and co-oligomers thereof) having an average Mn of from about 200 to about 5000 g / mol. Products of this type are available under the trade name Jeffamine TM Representative examples of useful succinimides are shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,087,936; 3,172,892; 3,219,666; 3,272,746; 3,322,670; 3,652,616; 3,948,800; and 6,821,307; and in Canadian Patent No. 1,094,044.

[0429] The dispersant may comprise one or more optionally boronated higher molecular weight (Mn 1600 g / mol or higher, such as 1800 to 3000 g / mol) succinimides and one or more optionally boronated lower molecular weight (Mn less than 1600 g / mol) succinimides, wherein the higher molecular weight may be 1600 to 3000 g / mol, such as 1700 to 2800 g / mol, such as 1800 to 2500 g / mol, such as 1850 to 2300 g / mol; the lower molecular weight may be 600 to less than 1600 g / mol, such as 650 to 1500 g / mol, such as 700 to 1400 g / mol, such as 800 to 1300 g / mol, such as 850 to 1200 g / mol, such as 900 to 1150 g / mol, such as 900 to 1000 g / mol. The higher molecular weight succinimide dispersant may be present in the lubricating composition in an amount of 0.1 to 12 wt%, or 0.25 to 8 wt%, or 0.5 to 5 wt%, or 0.05 to 3 wt%, such as 0.5 to 10 wt%, or 0.8 to 6 wt%, or 1.0 to 5 wt%, or 1.5 to 5 wt%, or 1.5 to 4.0 wt%; the lower molecular weight succinimide dispersant may be present in the lubricating composition in an amount of 1 to 10 wt%, or 1.5 to 8 wt%, or 1.8 to 6 wt%, or 1.9 to 5.5 wt%, such as 1 to 5 wt%, or 1.5 to 4.8 wt%, or 1.8 to 4.6 wt%, or 1.9 to 4.6 wt%, or 2 wt% or more, such as 2 to 5 wt%. The lower molecular weight succinimide may differ from the higher molecular weight succinimide by 500 g / mol or more, such as by 750 g / mol or more, such as by 1000 g / mol or more, such as by 1200 g / mol or more, such as by 500 to 3000 g / mol, such as by 750 to 2000 g / mol, such as by 1000 to 1500 g / mol.

[0430] Succinic acid esters useful as dispersants include those formed by the condensation reaction between a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride and an alcohol or polyol. For example, the condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride and pentaerythritol is a useful dispersant.

[0431] The succinic acid ester amides available herein are formed by the condensation reaction between a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride and an alkanolamine. Suitable alkanolamines include ethoxylated polyalkyl polyamines, propoxylated polyalkyl polyamines and polyalkenyl polyamines, such as polyethylene polyamines and / or propoxylated hexamethylene diamine. Representative examples are shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,426,305.

[0432] Hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride (e.g., PIBSA) esters of hydrocarbyl-bridged aryloxy alcohols can also be used as dispersants herein. For information on such dispersants, see U.S. Patent No. 7,485,603, particularly at column 2, line 65 to column 6, line 22 and column 23, line 40 to column 26, line 46. In particular, the PIBSA esters of methylene-bridged naphthoxyethanols (i.e., 2-hydroxyethyl-1-naphthol ethers (or hydroxy-terminated naphthol ethylene oxide oligomer ethers)) can be used herein.

[0433] The molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride used in the preceding paragraphs is typically 350 to 4000 g / mol, such as 400 to 3000 g / mol, such as 450 to 2800 g / mol, such as 800 to 2500 g / mol. The above (poly) alkenyl succinic acid derivatives can be post-reacted with various reagents, such as sulfur, oxygen, formaldehyde, carboxylic acids such as oleic acid.

[0434] The dispersant may be present in the lubricant in an amount of 0.1 to 20 mass % of the composition, such as 0.2 to 15 mass %, such as 0.25 to 10 mass %, such as 0.3 to 5 mass %, such as 1.0 to 3.0 mass % of the lubricating oil composition.

[0435] The (poly)alkenyl succinic acid derivatives described above may also be post-reacted with a boron compound such as boric acid, boric acid esters or perborated dispersants to form a borated dispersant typically having from about 0.1 to about 5 moles of boron per mole of dispersant reaction product.

[0436] Dispersants useful herein include boronated succinimides, including those derivatives from monosuccinimides, bis-succinimides and / or mixtures of mono- and bis-succinimides, wherein the hydrocarbyl succinimide is derived from a hydrocarbylene group, such as polyisobutylene, having an Mn of from about 300 to about 5000 g / mol, or from about 500 to about 3000 g / mol, or from about 1000 to about 2000 g / mol, or a mixture of such hydrocarbylene groups, typically having high terminal vinylic groups.

[0437] The boron-containing dispersant may be present at 0.01 wt % to 20 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to 15 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, or 0.5 wt % to 8 wt %, or 1.0 wt % to 6.5 wt %, or 0.5 wt % to 2.2 wt % of the lubricating composition.

[0438] The boron-containing dispersant may be present in an amount to provide 15 ppm to 2000 ppm, or 25 ppm to 1000 ppm, or 40 ppm to 600 ppm, or 80 ppm to 350 ppm boron to the composition.

[0439] Borated dispersants may be used in combination with non-borated dispersants and may be the same or different compounds as the non-borated dispersants. In one embodiment, the lubricating composition may include one or more boronated dispersants and one or more non-borated dispersants, wherein the total amount of dispersants may be from 0.01 wt % to 20 wt %, or from 0.1 wt % to 15 wt %, or from 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, or from 0.5 wt % to 8 wt %, or from 1.0 wt % to 6.5 wt %, or from 0.5 wt % to 2.2 wt % of the lubricating composition, and wherein the ratio of the borated dispersant to the non-borated dispersant may be from 1:10 to 10:1 (weight:weight) or from 1:5 to 3:1 or from 1:3 to 2:1.

[0440] The dispersant may comprise one or more boronated or non-boronated poly(alkenyl)succinimides, wherein the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and the imide is derived from a polyamine ("PIBSA-PAM").

[0441] The dispersant may comprise one or more PIBSA-PAMs, wherein the PIB is derived from polyisobutylene having an Mn of 600 to 5000, such as 700 to 4000, such as 800 to 3000, such as 900 to 2500 g / mol, and the polyamine is derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine such as tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (ADPA) and other polyamines having an average of 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 nitrogen atoms per molecule. The dispersant may be boronated, typically at a level of up to 4 mass %, such as 1 to 3 mass %. The dispersant may comprise one or more boronated PIBSA-PAMs and one or more non-boronated PIBSA-PAMs. The dispersant may comprise one or more boronated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having an Mn of 700 to 1800 g / mol (e.g., 800 to 1500 g / mol) and one or more non-boronated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having an Mn of greater than 1800 to 5000 g / mol (e.g., 2000 to 3000 g / mol). The dispersant may comprise one or more non-boronated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having an Mn of 700 to 1800 g / mol (e.g., 800 to 1500 g / mol) and one or more boronated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having an Mn of greater than 1800 to 5000 g / mol (e.g., 2000 to 3000 g / mol).

[0442] The dispersant may comprise a PIBSA derived from a PIB having a Mn of 700 to 5000 g / mol, such as 800 to 3000 g / mol, and one or more boronated or non-boronated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having a Mn of 700 to 5000 g / mol.

[0443] The dispersant may comprise a PIBSA derived from a PIB having an Mn of 700 to 5000 g / mol, such as 800 to 3000 g / mol, and one or more boronated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having an Mn of 700 to 1800 g / mol, such as 800 to 1500 g / mol, and one or more non-boronated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having an Mn of greater than 1800 to 5000 g / mol, such as 2000 to 3000 g / mol. The dispersant may comprise a PIBSA derived from a PIB having an Mn of 700 to 5000 g / mol, such as 800 to 3000 g / mol, one or more non-borated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having an Mn of 700 to 1800 g / mol, such as 800 to 1500 g / mol, and one or more borated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having an Mn of greater than 1800 to 5000 g / mol, such as 2000 to 3000 g / mol.

[0444] The dispersant may comprise one or more boronated or non-boronated PIBSA-PAMs and one or more PIBSA esters of hydrocarbyl-bridged aryloxy alcohols.

[0445] The dispersant may comprise one or more boronated PIBSA-PAMs and one or more non-boronated PIBSA-PAMs.

[0446] The dispersant may comprise one or more optionally boronated higher molecular weight (Mn 1600 g / mol or higher, such as 1800 to 3000 g / mol) PIBSA-PAMs and one or more optionally boronated lower molecular weight (Mn less than 1600 g / mol) PIBSA-PAMs, wherein the higher molecular weight may be 1600 to 3000 g / mol, such as 1700 to 2800 g / mol, such as 1800 to 2500 g / mol, such as 1850 to 2300 g / mol; the lower molecular weight may be 600 to less than 1600 g / mol, such as 650 to 1500 g / mol, such as 700 to 1400 g / mol, such as 800 to 1300 g / mol, such as 850 to 1200 g / mol, such as 900 to 1150 g / mol, such as 900 to 1000 g / mol. The higher molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant can be present in the lubricating composition in an amount of 0.1 to 12 wt%, or 0.25 to 8 wt%, or 0.5 to 5 wt%, or 0.05 to 3 wt%, such as 0.5 to 10 wt%, or 0.8 to 6 wt%, or 1.0 to 5 wt%, or 1.5 to 5 wt%, or 1.5 to 4.0 wt%; the lower molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant can be present in the lubricating composition in an amount of 1 to 10 wt%, or 1.5 to 8 wt%, or 1.8 to 6 wt%, or 1.9 to 5.5 wt%, such as 1 to 5 wt%, or 1.5 to 4.8 wt%, or 1.8 to 4.6 wt%, or 1.9 to 4.6 wt%, or 2 wt% or more, such as 2 to 5 wt%. Dispersants of Mannich Bases

[0447] Mannich base dispersants useful herein are typically made by the reaction of an amine component, a hydroxy aromatic compound (substituted or unsubstituted, such as alkyl substituted), such as an alkyl phenol, and an aldehyde, such as formaldehyde. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,767,551 and 10,899,986. Processing aids and catalysts, such as oleic acid and sulfonic acid, may also be part of the reaction mixture. Representative examples are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,697,574; 3,703,536; 3,704,308; 3,751,365; 3,756,953; 3,798,165; 3,803,039; 4,231,759; 9,938,479; 7,491,248; and 10,899,986 and PCT Publication No. WO 01 / 42399. Polymethyl Acrylate or polyacrylate derivative dispersant

[0448] Polymethacrylate or polyacrylate derivatives are another class of dispersants useful herein. These dispersants are typically prepared by reacting nitrogen-containing monomers with methacrylate or acrylate containing 5-25 carbon atoms in the ester group. Representative examples are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,100,993 and 6,323,164. Polymethacrylate and polyacrylate dispersants are typically of relatively low molecular weight.

[0449] The lubricating composition of the present disclosure typically comprises 0.1 to 20 mass % of the composition, such as 0.2 to 15 mass %, such as 0.25 to 10 mass %, such as 0.3 to 5 mass %, such as 2.0 to 4.0 mass % of the lubricating oil composition of the dispersant. Alternatively, the dispersant may be present at 0.1 to 5 wt %, or 0.01 to 4 wt % of the lubricating composition.

[0450] For further information on dispersants useful herein, see U.S. Pat. No. 10,829,712 at column 13, line 36 to column 16, line 67, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,485,603 at column 2, line 65 to column 6, line 22, column 8, line 25 to column 14, line 53, and column 23, line 40 to column 26, line 46.

[0451] The compositions according to the present disclosure may contain additives having different listed functions and also having a second effect as a dispersant (e.g., the above-mentioned component B functionalized polymers may also have a dispersant effect). For determining the amount of dispersant in the lubricating oil composition or concentrate herein, these additives are not counted as dispersants. J.Corrosion Inhibitors / Anti-rust Agents

[0452] Corrosion inhibitors can be used to reduce the corrosion of metals and are also commonly referred to as metal deactivators or metal passivators. Some corrosion inhibitors can also be characterized as antioxidants.

[0453] Suitable corrosion inhibitors may include nitrogen and / or sulfur containing heterocyclic compounds such as triazoles (e.g., benzotriazole), substituted thiadiazoles, imidazoles, thiazoles, tetrazoles, hydroxyquinolines, oxazolines, imidazolines, thiophenes, indoles, indazoles, quinolines, benzoxazines, dithiols, oxazoles, oxatriazoles, pyridines, piperazines, triazines, and derivatives of any one or more thereof. A specific corrosion inhibitor is benzotriazole as shown in the following structure: Where R 8 There is no (hydrogen) or it may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1 to C 20Hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl. It may contain a ring structure that is alkyl or aryl in nature and / or contain heteroatoms, such as N, O or S. Examples of suitable compounds may include benzotriazole, alkyl substituted benzotriazoles (e.g., tolyltriazole, ethylbenzotriazole, hexylbenzotriazole, octylbenzotriazole, etc.), aryl substituted benzotriazoles, alkylaryl- or arylalkyl-substituted benzotriazoles, and the like, and combinations thereof. For example, the triazole may comprise or be benzotriazole and / or an alkylbenzotriazole, wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, or 1 to about 8 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of such corrosion inhibitors may comprise or be benzotriazole, tolyltriazole and / or optionally, substituted benzotriazoles, such as Irgamet available from BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany. TM 30 and Irgamet TM 39. Preferred corrosion inhibitors may comprise or be benzotriazole and / or tolyltriazole.

[0454] Additionally or alternatively, the corrosion inhibitor may include one or more substituted thiadiazoles of the following structures: Where R 15 and R 16 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, which group can be aliphatic or aromatic, including cyclic, alicyclic, aralkyl, aryl and alkaryl, and wherein each w is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 (preferably 2, 3 or 4, such as 2). These substituted thiadiazoles are derived from 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) molecules. Many derivatives of DMTD have been described in the art, and any such compound may be included in the fluid used in the present disclosure. For example, U.S. Patent Nos. 2,719,125; 2,719,126; and 3,087,937 describe the preparation of various 2,5-bis-(hydrocarbon dithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles.

[0455] Additionally or alternatively, the corrosion inhibitor may include one or more other DMTD derivatives, such as carboxylic acid esters, wherein R 15 and R 16 The carbonyl group may be attached to the sulfide sulfur atom. The preparation of these thioester-containing DMTD derivatives is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,760,933. DMTD derivatives prepared by condensation of DMTD with an α-halogenated aliphatic carboxylic acid having at least 10 carbon atoms are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,836,564. This method produces DMTD derivatives in which R 15 and R 16 It is HOOC-CH(R 19 )-(R 19DMTD derivatives further prepared by amidation or esterification of these terminal carboxylic acid groups are also useful.

[0456] The preparation of 2-hydrocarbyldithio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,663,561.

[0457] One class of DMTD derivatives may include a mixture of 2-alkyldithio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2,5-bis-alkyldithio-1,3,4-thiadiazole. Such a mixture may be marketed under the trade name HiTEC TM 4313 is sold and available from Afton Chemical Company.

[0458] Additionally or alternatively, the corrosion inhibitor may include a compound having the structure B(OR 46 )3 trifunctional borate ester, wherein each R 46 Since the borate ester is generally ideally compatible with the non-aqueous medium of the composition, each R 46 In particular, it may comprise or be a hydrocarbyl C1-C8 moiety. For compositions wherein the non-aqueous medium comprises or is a lubricating oil base stock, for example, when the hydrocarbyl moieties are each at least C4, better compatibility can generally be achieved. Non-limiting examples of such corrosion inhibitors therefore include, but are not limited to, triethyl borate, tripropyl borate such as triisopropyl borate, tributyl borate such as tri-tert-butyl borate, tripentyl borate, trihexyl borate, trioctyl borate such as tri-(2-ethylhexyl) borate, monohexyl dibutyl borate, etc., and combinations thereof.

[0459] When used, the corrosion inhibitor may comprise a substituted thiadiazole, a substituted benzotriazole, a substituted triazole, a trisubstituted borate, or a combination thereof.

[0460] When desired, corrosion inhibitors may be used in any effective amount, but when used, may generally be used in an amount of about 0.001 wt % to 5.0 wt %, such as 0.005 wt % to 3.0 wt % or 0.01 wt % to 1.0 wt %, based on the weight of the composition. Alternatively, such additives may be used in an amount of about 0.01 to 5 wt %, preferably about 0.01 to 1.5 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricating composition.

[0461] In some embodiments, the 3,4-oxypyridinone-containing compositions can be substantially free (e.g., 0, or less than 0.001 wt %, 0.0005 wt % or less, no intentionally added, and / or absolutely free) of triazole, benzotriazole, substituted thiadiazole, imidazole, thiazole, tetrazole, hydroxyquinoline, oxazoline, imidazoline, thiophene, indole, indazole, quinoline, benzoxazine, dithiol, oxazole, oxatriazole, pyridine, piperazine, triazine, derivatives thereof, combinations thereof, or all corrosion inhibitors.

[0462] The compositions according to the present disclosure may contain additives having different listed functions and also having a second effect as corrosion inhibitors (e.g., the above-mentioned component B functionalized polymers may also have a corrosion inhibitor effect). For determining the amount of corrosion inhibitor in the lubricating oil composition or concentrate herein, these additives are not counted as corrosion inhibitors. K. Anti-wear agent

[0463] The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may contain one or more anti-wear agents that can reduce friction and excessive wear. Any anti-wear agent known to those of ordinary skill in the art can be used in the lubricating oil composition. Non-limiting examples of suitable anti-wear agents include zinc dithiophosphate, metal (e.g., Pb, Sb, Mo, etc.) salts of dithiophosphoric acid, metal (e.g., Zn, Pb, Sb, Mo, etc.) salts of dithiocarbamic acid, metal (e.g., Zn, Pb, Sb, etc.) salts of fatty acids, boron compounds, phosphates, phosphites, amine salts of phosphates or thiophosphoric acid esters, reaction products of dicyclopentadiene and thiophosphoric acid, and combinations thereof. Based on the gross weight of the lubricating oil composition, the amount of the anti-wear agent may be from about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt %, from about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt %, or from about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt %.

[0464] In some embodiments, the antiwear agent is or comprises a dialkyl dithiophosphate metal salt, such as a dialkyl dithiophosphate zinc compound. The metal of the dialkyl dithiophosphate metal salt can be an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, or aluminum, lead, tin, molybdenum, manganese, nickel or copper. In some embodiments, the metal is zinc. In other embodiments, the alkyl group of the dialkyl dithiophosphate metal salt has about 3 to about 22 carbon atoms, about 3 to about 18 carbon atoms, about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms, or about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms. In further embodiments, the alkyl group is linear or branched.

[0465] Useful antiwear agents also include substituted or unsubstituted thiophosphoric acids, salts thereof including zinc-containing compounds such as zinc dithiophosphate compounds selected from the group consisting of dialkyl-, diaryl- and / or alkylaryl-zinc dithiophosphates.

[0466] Metal alkylthiophosphates, more particularly metal dialkyl dithiophosphates wherein the metal component is zinc, or zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) can be useful components of the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure. ZDDP can be derived from a primary alcohol, a secondary alcohol, or a mixture thereof. ZDDP compounds generally have the formula Zn[SP(S)(OR1)(OR2)]2, wherein R1 and R2 are C1-C 18 Alkyl, preferably C2-C 12 Alkyl groups. These alkyl groups may be straight chain or branched. The alcohol used in ZDDP may be 2-propanol, butanol, sec-butanol, amyl alcohol, hexanol, such as 4-methyl-2-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, alkylated phenols, etc. A secondary alcohol mixture or a mixture of primary and secondary alcohols may be used. Alkyl aryls may also be used. Available zinc dithiophosphates include secondary zinc dithiophosphates, such as those available under the trade name "LZ TM 677A", "LZ TM 1095" and "LZ TM 1371" was obtained from The Lubrizol Corporation under the trade name "OLOA TM 262" from Chevron Oronite and under the trade name "HiTEC TM 7169" from Afton Chemical.

[0467] In some embodiments, the zinc compound can be a zinc dithiocarbamate complex, such as the zinc dithiocarbamate shown in the following formula: Among them, each R I is independently a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, n is 0, 1 or 2, L is a ligand that saturates the zinc coordination sphere, and x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In certain embodiments, the ligand L is selected from water, hydroxide, ammonia, amino, amido, alkylthiolate, halide, and combinations thereof.

[0468] Antiwear additives, such as ZDDP and / or zinc carbamate are typically used in an amount of about 0.4 wt % to about 1.2 wt %, preferably about 0.5 wt % to about 1.0 wt %, more preferably about 0.6 wt % to about 0.8 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, although more or less may often be used to advantage. Preferably, the antiwear additive is ZDDP, preferably secondary ZDDP, and is present in an amount of about 0.6 to 1.0 wt % of the total weight of the lubricating composition.

[0469] Antiwear additives useful herein also include boron-containing compounds such as borate esters, borated fatty amines, borated epoxides, alkali metal (or mixed alkali metal or alkaline earth metal) borates and borated overbased metal salts.

[0470] The compositions according to the present disclosure may contain additives having different listed functions and also having a second effect as antiwear agents (e.g., the above-mentioned component B functionalized polymers may also have an antiwear effect). For determining the amount of antiwear agent in the lubricating oil composition or concentrate herein, these additives are not counted as antiwear agents. L. Demulsifiers

[0471] Demulsifiers useful herein include those described in U.S. Patent No. 10,829,712 (column 20, lines 34 to 40). Typically, a small amount of demulsifying components may be used herein. Preferred demulsifying components are described in European Patent No. 330 522. They are obtained by reacting alkylene oxide with an adduct obtained by reacting a diepoxide with a polyol. Such additives may be used in an amount of about 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably about 0.01 to 2% by weight. M. Seal Compatibility Agents

[0472] Other optional additives include seal compatibilizers, such as organic phosphates, aromatic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters (e.g., butyl benzyl phthalate), and polybutenyl succinic anhydride. Such additives may be used in an amount of about 0.001 to 5 wt %, preferably about 0.01 to 2 wt %. In some embodiments, the seal compatibilizer is a seal swelling agent, such as PIBSA (polyisobutylenyl succinic anhydride). N. Extreme Pressure Agents

[0473] The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may contain one or more extreme pressure agents that can prevent the sliding metal surfaces from seizing under extreme pressure conditions. Any extreme pressure agent known to those of ordinary skill in the art can be used in the lubricating oil composition. Generally, extreme pressure agents are compounds that can chemically bond with metals to form a surface film that prevents asperities in opposing metal surfaces from welding under high loads. Non-limiting examples of suitable extreme pressure agents include sulfurized animal or vegetable fats or oils, sulfurized animal or vegetable fatty acid esters, fully or partially esterified esters of trivalent or pentavalent acids of phosphorus, sulfurized olefins, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, sulfurized Diels-Alder adducts, sulfurized dicyclopentadiene, sulfurized or co-sulfurized mixtures of fatty acid esters and monounsaturated olefins, co-sulfurized blends of fatty acids, fatty acid esters and alpha-olefins, functionally substituted dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, thia-aldehydes, thia-ketones, epithio compounds, sulfur-containing acetal derivatives, co-sulfurized blends of terpenes and acyclic olefins, polysulfide olefin products, amine salts of phosphates or thiophosphates, and combinations thereof. The amount of the extreme pressure agent may vary from about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt %, from about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt %, or from about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. O. Non-basestock Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

[0474] The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may contain one or more unsaturated hydrocarbons. These unsaturated hydrocarbons are different from any base oil (Group I, II, III, IV and / or V lubricating oil base stocks) and / or viscosity improvers that may be present in the composition, and always have at least one (typically only one in the case of linear alpha olefins or LAOs) unsaturation per molecule. Without being bound by theory, the unsaturation can provide antioxidant function and / or sulfur capture function, which can supplement and / or replace one or more antioxidant additives and / or one or more corrosion inhibitor additives, but unsaturated hydrocarbons (LAOs) generally do not provide only antioxidant function and only corrosion inhibition function in lubricating oil compositions. Non-limiting examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons may include one or more unsaturated C 12 -C 60 Hydrocarbons (such as C 12 -C 48 Hydrocarbon, C 12 -C 36 Hydrocarbon, C12 -C 30 Hydrocarbon or C 12 -C 24 The unsaturated hydrocarbon (LAO) may be present in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight (particularly 0.1 to 3% by weight, or 0.1 to 1.5% by weight), based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0475] When the lubricating oil composition contains one or more of the additives discussed above, the additives are generally blended into the composition in an amount sufficient to enable them to perform their intended function. Typical amounts of such additives useful in the present disclosure, especially for crankcase lubricants, are shown in the following table.

[0476] It is noted that many additives are shipped from additive manufacturers as concentrates containing one or more additives together with a certain amount of base oil or other diluent. Therefore, the weights in the following table and other amounts mentioned herein relate to the amount of active ingredient (i.e., the diluent-free portion of the ingredient). The weight % (mass %) shown below is based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. Typical Amounts of Optional Lubricating Oil Components *Preferably, the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (1) to the polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1)

[0477] The above-mentioned additives are generally commercially available materials. These additives can be added separately, but are usually pre-combined in a package available from a lubricating oil additive supplier. Additive packages with various ingredients, proportions and properties are available and the selection of an appropriate package will take into account the use of the final composition. fuel

[0478] The present disclosure also relates to a method for lubricating an automotive internal combustion engine during engine operation, comprising: (i) providing a lubricating composition as described herein to a crankcase of an automotive internal combustion engine; (ii) providing a hydrocarbon fuel in an automotive internal combustion engine; and (iii) combusting the fuel in an automotive internal combustion engine, such as a spark ignition or compression ignition two-stroke or four-stroke reciprocating engine, such as a diesel engine or a passenger car engine (such as a spark ignition internal combustion engine).

[0479] The present disclosure also relates to a fuel composition comprising the lubricating oil composition described herein and a hydrocarbon fuel, wherein the fuel may be derived from petroleum and / or biological sources ("biofuel" or "renewable fuel"). In some embodiments, the fuel comprises 0.1 to 100 mass % renewable fuel, or 1 to 75 mass % renewable fuel, or 5 to 50 mass % renewable fuel, based on the total mass of renewable fuel and petroleum-derived fuel.

[0480] Renewable fuel components are typically made from vegetable oils (such as palm oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, jatropha oil), microbial oils (such as algae oil), animal fats (such as cooking oil, animal fats and / or fish fats), biogas, hydrogen and / or ammonia. Renewable fuel refers to biofuels made from biological resources formed by contemporary biological processes. In one embodiment, the renewable fuel component is made with the aid of a hydrotreatment process. Hydrotreatment involves various reactions in which molecular hydrogen reacts with other components, or components undergo molecular transformations in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a solid catalyst. The reactions include, but are not limited to, hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodemetallization, hydrocracking, and isomerization. Renewable fuel components may have different distillation ranges to provide the component with desired properties depending on the intended use. use

[0481] The lubricating compositions of the present disclosure can be used to lubricate mechanical engine components by adding lubricants thereto, particularly in internal combustion engines, such as spark ignition or compression ignition two-stroke or four-stroke reciprocating engines. Typically, they are crankcase lubricants, such as passenger car motor oils or heavy-duty diesel engine lubricants.

[0482] In particular, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure is suitably used for lubrication of the crankcase of a compression ignition internal combustion engine, such as a heavy-duty diesel engine.

[0483] In particular, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure is suitably used for lubrication of the crankcase of a spark-ignition turbocharged internal combustion engine.

[0484] In some embodiments, the lubricating oils of the present disclosure are used in spark-assisted high compression internal combustion engines, and when used in high compression spark-ignition internal combustion engines, the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure can be used to lubricate high compression spark-ignition engines.

[0485] In some embodiments, the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure are suitably used for lubrication of the crankcase of an engine of a heavy-duty diesel vehicle (ie, a heavy-duty diesel vehicle having a gross vehicle weight of 10,000 pounds or more).

[0486] In some embodiments, the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure are suitably used for lubrication of the crankcase of a passenger car diesel engine.

[0487] In particular, the lubricating oil formulations of the present disclosure are particularly useful in compression ignition internal combustion engines, ie, heavy duty diesel engines, using low viscosity oils, such as API FA-4 and future oil classes, where valve train wear protection becomes challenging.

[0488] The present disclosure further relates to: 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: A) at least 50 mass % or more of one or more base oils, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; B) 0.01 to 20 mass %, such as 0.1 to 5 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, of a functionalized polymer comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, wherein the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups (including but not limited to wherein the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups), and wherein the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is derived from a C2 to C 30 Linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C4 to C 20 Conjugated diene monomers, wherein polyalkenyl succinimide, wherein the polyalkenyl group is derived from polyisobutylene having an Mn of 1200 g / mol, such as 1300 g / mol or more, such as 1400 g / mol or more, such as 1,600 g / mol or more (GPC-PS) and the imide is derived from a polyamine, i.e., a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM, is absent or substantially absent from the lubricating oil composition, or, if present, is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (B) to high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1; and C) Optionally, a detergent, such as one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents. 2. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 1, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present and the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (B) to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM (if present) is at least 0.26:1, such as at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, such as at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, such as at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1. 3. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 1, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 4. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 1, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present at less than 5 mass %, such as less than 4 mass %, such as less than 3 mass %, such as less than 2 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 5. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 4, wherein the lubricating oil composition is substantially free of phenate detergents, preferably less than 0.5%, more preferably less than 0.2%, most preferably less than 0.1%. 6. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 5, wherein the phosphorus content of the lubricating oil composition is less than or equal to 0.12%, preferably less than 0.10%, preferably less than 0.08%. 7. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 6, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM having an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1200 g / mol or more, such as 1300 g / mol Mn or more, such as 1600 g / mol Mn or more is not present or substantially not present in the lubricating oil composition, or if present, is present in an amount of less than 5 mass %, such as less than 4 mass %, such as less than 3 mass %, such as less than 2 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 8. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 7, wherein the polymer backbone of the functionalized polymer is derived from one or more C2 to C 30 Linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins, such as C2 to C 20 Olefins, such as C2 to C 16 Olefins, such as C2 to C8 olefins, such as C4 to C6 olefins, such as C4 and / or C5 olefins. 9. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 8, wherein the polymer backbone is derived from a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, isoprene, styrene, decene, dodecene. 10. The lubricating oil composition of any of the foregoing paragraphs 1 to 9, wherein the polymer backbone is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene. 11. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 10, wherein the polymer backbone prior to functionalization comprises at least 90% isoprene repeating units or at least 90% butadiene repeating units. 12. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 9, wherein the polymer backbone is homopolyisoprene. 13. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 9, wherein the polymer backbone is an ethylene-propylene copolymer. 14. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 13, wherein the polymer backbone comprises repeating units of one or more polar monomers. 15. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 14, wherein the one or more polar monomers are selected from the group consisting of fumarates, acrylates, maleates, methacrylates, acrylamides, acrylonitriles, and combinations thereof. 16. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 15, wherein the polymer prior to functionalization has an Mn of 10,000 to 100,000 g / mol (GPC-PS), such as 15,000 to 80,000 g / mol, such as 20,000 to 70,000 g / mol. 17. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 16, wherein the polymer prior to functionalization has an Mn (GPC-PS) of 25,000 g / mol or more, such as 30,000 g / mol or more. 18. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 17, wherein if the polymer prior to functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the copolymer has an Mn greater than 25,000 g / mol, such as greater than 30,000 g / mol, or greater than 35,000 g / mol (GPC-PS). 19. The lubricating oil composition of any of the foregoing paragraphs 1 to 18, wherein the polymer backbone comprises at least about 50% 1,4 insertions of monomers. 20. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 19, wherein the acylating agent is maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid or the corresponding esters. 21. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 20, wherein the functional group is selected from an amide, an imide or an ester. 22. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 21, wherein the compound reactive with the acylated polymer backbone is a monoamine or a polyamine, particularly a polyamine, such as a primary amine, such as an aromatic primary amine. 23. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 22, wherein the acylated polymer backbone is reacted with one or more amines selected from the group consisting of polyalkyl polyamines, polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxy-substituted polyamines, polyoxyalkylene polyamines, and combinations thereof, preferably tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), N-phenyl-diamines (such as N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (also known as 4-amino-diphenylamine, ADPA), N-phenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine), nitroaniline (such as 3-nitroaniline), N-phenylethylenediamine (such as N1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine), N-aminophenylacetamide (such as N-(4-aminophenyl)acetamide), morpholinopropylamine (such as 3-morpholinopropan-1-amine) and aminoethylpiperazine (such as 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine). 24. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 23, wherein the acylated polymer backbone is reacted with N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine. 25. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 24, wherein the acylated polymer backbone is reacted with one or more hydroxy-substituted polyamines selected from N-hydroxyalkyl-alkylene polyamines, such as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine and / or N-hydroxyalkylated alkylene diamines; or with one or more polyoxyalkylene polyamines selected from polyoxyethylene diamines and / or polyoxypropylene diamines. 26. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 25, wherein the compound reacted with the acylated polymer backbone is a hydroxyl-containing compound, particularly a polyhydroxy compound, such as an alcohol or polyol, such as pentaerythritol; or a hydrocarbyl-bridged aryloxy alcohol. 27. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 26, wherein the functionalized polymer has a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less, such as 3.4 or less, such as 1 to 3.3, such as 1.1 to 3.2, such as 1.2 to 3.0, such as 1.4 to 2.9. 28. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 27, wherein the functionalized polymer has an average functionality (Fv) of 1.4 to 20 functional groups grafted per polymer chain, such as 1.4 to 15 functional groups grafted per polymer chain, such as 3 to 12.5 functional groups grafted per polymer chain, such as 4 to 10 functional groups grafted per polymer chain. 29. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 29, wherein the functionalized polymer has a molecular weight distribution MWD (Mw / Mn) of less than 2, such as less than 1.8, such as less than 1.5. 30. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the functionalized polymer is an amide or imide functionalized partially or fully saturated homopolyisoprene having: (i) Mw / Mn less than 2, (ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less, and (iii) Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more. 31. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the functionalized polymer is an amide or imide functionalized partially or fully saturated homopolyisoprene having: (i) Mw / Mn less than 1.8, (ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 2.5 or less, (iii) an average functionality (Fv) of 4 to 10 functional groups grafted per polymer chain, and (iv) Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol. 32. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 31, wherein the functionalized polymer is derived from homopolyisoprene which has been acylated with maleic anhydride or maleic acid and further reacted with N-phenylphenylenediamine NPPDA, such as 4-amino-diphenylamine ADPA. 33. The lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the functionalized polymer is derived from an ethylene-propylene copolymer which has been acylated with maleic anhydride or maleic acid and further reacted with N-phenylphenylenediamine NPPDA, such as 4-amino-diphenylamine ADPA. 34. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 33, comprising the following components or a mixture of the following components: A) 50 to 99 mass % of one or more base oils, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; B) 0.01 to 20 mass % of one or more functionalized polymers, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; C) 0.01 to 20 mass % of one or more detergents, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 35. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 34, comprising less than 15 mass %, such as less than 12 mass %, of a dispersant, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present at 5 mass % or less, such as 4 mass % or less, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and the functionalized polymer is present at least 2 mass % based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 36. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 35, comprising less than 10 mass %, such as less than 9 mass % of dispersant, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent, and the functionalized polymer is present at at least 2 mass %, such as at least 3 mass % or at least 4 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 37. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 36, wherein the combination of the dispersant and the functionalized polymer comprises at least 20 mass %, such as at least 25 mass %, such as at least 30 mass %, such as at least 35 mass %, such as at least 40 mass % or at least 50 mass % of the functionalized polymer based on the total mass of the dispersant and the functionalized polymer. 38. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 37, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 39. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 38, further comprising one, two, three, four, five, six or more additional additives selected from the group consisting of: friction modifiers; antioxidants; pour point depressants; defoamers; viscosity improvers; corrosion inhibitors and / or rust inhibitors; and antiwear agents. 40. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 39, further comprising one, two, three, four, five, six or more of the following: D) 0.01 to 5 mass % of one or more friction modifiers, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; E) 0.01 to 10 mass % of one or more antioxidants, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; F) 0.01 to 5 mass % of one or more pour point depressants, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; G) 0.001 to 5 mass % of one or more defoaming agents, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; H) 0.001 to 10 mass % of one or more viscosity improvers, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; J) 0.0 to 5 mass % of one or more inhibitors and / or rust inhibitors, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; and / or K) 0.001 to 10 mass % of one or more antiwear agents, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 41. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 40, comprising 5 mass % or less, such as 4 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, of a viscosity improver based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 42. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 41, comprising 1.8 mass % or less, such as 1.6 mass % or less, such as 1.5 mass % or less, such as 1.3 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less of a viscosity improver, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the lubricating oil composition contains at least 2 mass % of the functionalized polymer, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 43. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 42, comprising 1.8 mass % or less, such as 1.6 mass % or less, such as 1.5 mass % or less, such as 1.3 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less of a viscosity improver, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the functionalized polymer constitutes at least 25 mass %, such as at least 30 mass % or at least 35 mass % of the dispersant (based on the total mass of dispersant present in the lubricating oil composition). 44. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 43, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 45. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 41, wherein the viscosity improver is a linear or radial polymer, copolymer or block copolymer of methacrylate, conjugated diene, one or more α-olefins and / or optionally substituted styrene, and combinations thereof. 46. ​​The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 41, wherein the viscosity improver is an olefin copolymer. 47. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 41, wherein the viscosity improver is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene. 48. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 41, wherein the viscosity modifier is a radial block copolymer of styrene and a conjugated diene. 49. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 48, wherein the base oil comprises a Group III and / or Group II base oil. 50. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 49, wherein the base oil comprises at least 50 mass %, such as at least 70 mass %, such as at least 90 mass %, up to 100 mass % of a Group II base oil (based on the total mass of base oil present in the lubricating oil composition). 51. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 49, wherein the Group II base oil comprises at least 10%, such as at least 25%, such as at least 50%, such as at least 75%, up to 100% of a Group II base oil having a viscosity of 6 cSt or less and / or a Group II base oil of 4 cSt or less (based on the total mass of base oil present in the lubricating oil composition). 52. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 51, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises one or more neutral and / or overbased detergents, such as Group 2 metal salicylate and / or Group 2 sulfonate detergents. 53. The lubricating oil composition of any of the foregoing paragraphs 1 to 52, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises a detergent selected from the group consisting of calcium salicylate, calcium sulfonate, magnesium salicylate, magnesium sulfonate, and combinations thereof. 54. The lubricating oil composition of any of the foregoing paragraphs 1 to 53, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises a calcium salicylate and / or a magnesium sulfonate detergent. 55. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 54, further comprising a friction modifier, such as an organic friction modifier selected from glyceryl monooleate, saturated mono-, di- and tri-glycerides and glyceryl monostearate. 56. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 55, further comprising a molybdenum-containing compound selected from the group consisting of molybdenum amines, molybdenum diamines, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, molybdenum dithiophosphates, molybdenum amine complexes, molybdenum carboxylates, trinuclear molybdenum compounds, and mixtures thereof. 57. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 56, comprising 5 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, such as 1.5 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less of a friction modifier based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 58. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 57, comprising at least 2 mass %, such as 3 mass %, of the functionalized polymer based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition and 2 mass % or less, such as 1.5 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less of a friction modifier based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 59. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 58, wherein the functionalized polymer constitutes at least 30 mass %, such as at least 40 mass %, of the total dispersant mass. 60. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 57, wherein the friction modifier is an inorganic or organic metal molybdenum compound. 61. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 57, wherein the friction modifier is a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate. 62. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 57, wherein the friction modifier is a trinuclear molybdenum compound. 63. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 62, comprising a functionalized polymer as defined in paragraph 1 and not more than 1000 ppm, such as not more than 750 ppm, or from 30 to 750 ppm, such as from 40 to 500 ppm, of molybdenum, and wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 64. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 57 comprising an organic ashless friction modifier. 65. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 64, which contains 5 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less, of an organic ashless friction modifier, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 66. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 65, further comprising glycerol monooleate. 67. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 66, wherein phenolic antioxidants and / or styrenic polymers are absent or substantially absent from the lubricating oil composition. 68. The lubricating oil composition of any of the foregoing paragraphs 1 to 67, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises less than 5 mass % of secondary and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 69. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 68, wherein the detergent comprises one or more alkali or alkaline earth metal oil-soluble neutral and / or overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, and other oil-soluble carboxylates. 70. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 69, wherein the detergent comprises one or more neutral and / or overbased metal-containing detergents selected from magnesium salicylate, calcium salicylate, magnesium sulfonate, calcium sulfonate. 71. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 70, wherein the one or more detergents have a total base number (TBN) of 10 mg / KOH / g or more, such as 30 mg / KOH / g or more, such as 100 mg / KOH / g or more, or a TBN of 30 to 700 mgKOH / g. 72. The lubricating oil composition of any of the foregoing paragraphs 1 to 71, wherein the detergent comprises one or more neutral and / or overbased metal salicylates and the dispersant comprises one or more functionalized polymers as defined in any of paragraphs 1 to 71, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 73. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 72, comprising at least 2 mass %, such as at least 2.5 mass %, such as at least 3 mass %, such as at least 3.5 mass %, such as at least 4 mass % of one or more functionalized polymers, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 74. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 73, which contains no or substantially no phenate detergent, such as less than 0.5 mass %, such as less than 0.2 mass %, such as less than 0.1 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and wherein the phosphorus content of the lubricating oil composition is less than or equal to 0.12 mass %, preferably less than 0.10 %, preferably less than 0.08 %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 75. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 74, wherein the polyalkenyl succinimide comprises one or more boronated or unborated poly(alkenyl) succinimides. 76. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 75, wherein the polyalkenyl succinimide comprises one or more PIBSA-PAM dispersants having an Mn of 1200 g / mol or less, and optionally one or more high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersants, wherein one or more of the high and / or low molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersants may be boronated. 77. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 76, which exhibits an SAE viscosity grade of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X or 0W-X, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50. 78. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 77, which exhibits an SAE viscosity grade of 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X or 0W-X, wherein X represents any of 12, 16, 20, 30 or 40. 79. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 78, which exhibits an SAE viscosity grade of 10W-X or 5W-X, wherein X represents any of 20, 30 or 40. 80. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 79, having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C as measured by ASTM D-445 of less than 15 cSt, such as less than 12.5 cSt, such as less than 10 cSt. 81. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 80, having a high temperature high shear viscosity (HTHS) measured at 150°C by ASTM D4683 of less than 4 mPa·s, such as less than 3.5 mPa·s, such as less than 3 mPa·s. 82. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 81, having a soot-induced viscosity increase of 4 cSt or less at 5% soot as determined by the Mack T11 Test for Soot-Induced Viscosity Control. 83. A concentrate comprising or obtained by mixing the following components: (A) 1 to less than 50 mass % of one or more base oils, based on the total mass of the concentrate composition; and (B) 0.01 to 20 mass %, such as 0.1 to 5 mass %, based on the total mass of the concentrate composition, of a functionalized polymer comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having: i) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, ii) wherein the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups (including but not limited to wherein the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups), and iii) wherein the main chain of the homopolymer or copolymer is derived from a group consisting of C2 to C 30 Linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C4 to C 20 Conjugated diene monomers, wherein polyalkenyl succinimide, wherein the polyalkenyl group is derived from polyisobutylene having an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1200 g / mol, such as 1300 g / mol or more, such as 1400 g / mol or more, such as 1600 g / mol or more and the imide is derived from a polyamine, i.e., a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM, is not present or substantially not present in the lubricating oil composition, or, if present, is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (B) to high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1; and C) Detergents, optionally one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents. 84. The lubricating oil concentrate of paragraph 83 above, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present and the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (B) to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.26:1, such as at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, such as at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, such as at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1. 85. The lubricating oil concentrate of paragraph 83 or 84 above, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 86. A lubricating oil composition comprising or derived from the lubricating oil concentrate of paragraphs 83 to 85 mixed with one or more base oils (eg, a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, or a combination of Group II and Group III base oils). 87. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 86, wherein the base oil comprises one or more Group II base oils, optionally in combination with one or more Group III base oils. 88. The lubricating oil composition of the foregoing paragraphs 86-87, wherein the base oil comprises one or more Group II base oils. 89. A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine during engine operation, comprising: (i) providing the lubricating oil composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 82 to a crankcase of an internal combustion engine; (ii) providing fuel in an internal combustion engine; and (iii) combusting the fuel in an internal combustion engine. 90. The method of paragraph 89, wherein the engine is a two-stroke or four-stroke reciprocating engine. 91. The method of paragraph 89, wherein the engine is a spark ignition engine. 92. The method of paragraph 89, wherein the engine is a spark-ignition turbocharged internal combustion engine. 93. The method of paragraph 89, wherein the engine is a compression ignition engine. 94. The method of paragraph 89, wherein the engine is a diesel engine, such as a heavy duty diesel engine or an automotive diesel engine. 95. The method of paragraph 89, wherein the engine is a motorcycle engine, a stationary gas or diesel powered engine, a locomotive engine, or a 4-stroke medium speed trunk piston engine. 96. The method of any of paragraphs 89 to 95, wherein the fuel is one or more of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, methanol, a renewable fuel, a hydrogen fuel, or any blend thereof. 97. The method of any of paragraphs 89 to 96, wherein the fuel is one or more of a hydrocarbon fuel, a renewable fuel, a hydrogen fuel, or any blend thereof. 98. A method of improving the deposit prevention performance of a lubricating oil composition containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant, the method comprising including in addition to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM, or partially replacing or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM in the lubricating oil composition with such a functionalized polymer so that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0. .25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, such as at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, such as at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, such as at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1. 99. The method of paragraph 98 above, wherein the lubricant oil composition comprises one or more neutral and / or overbased metal salicylate and / or sulfonate detergents, such as Group 2 salicylate and / or Group 2 sulfonate detergents. 100. A method for improving the anti-wear / friction reducing capability of a lubricating oil composition containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant, The method comprises including a functionalized polymer as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 83 in addition to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM, or partially replacing or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM in the lubricating oil composition with such a functionalized polymer so that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.6. 101. The method of paragraph 100, wherein the friction reducing capability is improved by at least 5% (compared to the friction reducing capability of a comparative lubricating oil composition containing the same ingredients in the same amounts except that the functionalized polymer is absent), wherein the functionalized polymer is contained in the lubricating oil composition in addition to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM. 102. The method of paragraph 101, wherein the friction reducing capability is improved by at least 10% (compared to the friction reducing capability of a comparative lubricating oil composition containing the same ingredients in the same amounts except that the functionalized polymer is absent), wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is partially or completely replaced by the functionalized polymer. 103. The method of paragraph 101, wherein the friction reducing ability is improved by at least 40%, such as at least 50%, such as at least 60% (compared to the friction reducing ability of a comparative lubricating oil composition containing the same ingredients in the same amounts except that the functionalized polymer is absent), wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is partially or completely replaced by the functionalized polymer, and the lubricating oil composition contains a friction modifier in an amount of 1.5 mass % or less, such as 1.0 mass % or less, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 104. The method of the preceding paragraphs 101, 102 or 103, wherein the friction modifier is a molybdenum compound or an organic ashless friction modifier. 105. A method of reducing the interaction of components in a lubricating oil composition / concentrate containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant, The method comprises including, in addition to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM, a functionalized polymer as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 83, or partially or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM in the lubricating oil composition with such a functionalized polymer. [Preferably, the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1, wherein the functionalized polymer comprises a...

Claims

1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: A) at least 50 mass % or more of one or more base oils, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; and B) 0.01 to 20 mass % of a functionalized polymer, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having: i) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, optionally 25,000 g / mol or more, ii) wherein the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups (including but not limited to wherein the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups), and iii) wherein the main chain of the homopolymer or copolymer is derived from a group consisting of C2 to C 30 Linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C4 to C 20 Conjugated diene monomers; wherein a polyisobutylene succinimide high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM derived from a polyisobutylene having an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1200 g / mol or more, optionally 1,600 g / mol or more, and a polyamine is not present or substantially not present in the lubricating oil composition, or, if present, is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (B) to high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1; and C) Detergents, optionally one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents.

2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present and the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (B) to high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.6:

1.

3. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present in less than 5 mass % based on the total mass of the lubricant oil composition.

4. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lubricating oil composition is substantially free of phenate detergents.

5. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the phosphorus content of the lubricating oil composition is less than or equal to 0.12 mass %.

6. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer backbone of the functionalized polymer is derived from one or more of ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, isoprene, styrene, decene and / or dodecene.

7. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer backbone is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, a homopolyisoprene or a mixture thereof.

8. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, wherein the polymer backbone of the functionalized polymer is an ethylene-propylene copolymer.

9. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, wherein the polymer backbone of the functionalized polymer comprises at least about 50%, optionally at least 90%, 1,4 insertions of monomers.

10. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, wherein the polymer backbone is homopolyisoprene, partially hydrogenated homopolyisoprene or fully hydrogenated homopolyisoprene.

11. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises a Group III base stock.

12. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, wherein the lubricating oil composition is free of Group III base stocks.

13. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein if the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS).

14. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the acylating agent is maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid or the corresponding esters, and the compound reacting with the acylated polymer backbone is a monoamine or a polyamine.

15. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the functionalized polymer is C 4-5 The polymers are conjugated dienes and have a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less and an average functionality (Fv) of 1.4 to 20 functional groups grafted per polymer chain.

16. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) one or more functionalized polymers; 2) less than 10 mass % of a Group III base stock; 3) less than 5 mass % of a polyalkenyl succinimide having an Mn of 1600 or greater, and 4) greater than 15 wt % of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; The lubricating oil composition has a kinematic viscosity (KV) at 100° C. of 12.5 cSt or less. 100 ).

17. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the functionalized polymer has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of less than 2.

18. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the functionalized polymer is an amide or imide functionalized partially or fully saturated homopolyisoprene having: (i) Mw / Mn less than 2, (ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less, and (iii) Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more.

19. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the functionalized polymer is an amide or imide functionalized partially or fully saturated homopolyisoprene having: (i) Mw / Mn less than 1.8, (ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 2.5 or less, (iii) an average functionality (Fv) of 4 to 10 functional groups grafted per polymer chain, and (iv) Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol.

20. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the functionalized polymer is derived from homopolyisoprene and / or ethylene-propylene copolymer which has been acylated with maleic anhydride or maleic acid and further reacted with N-phenylphenylenediamine.

21. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising one, two, three, four, five, six or more additional additives selected from: friction modifiers; antioxidants; pour point depressants; defoamers; viscosity improvers; corrosion inhibitors and / or rust inhibitors; and antiwear agents.

22. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising one, two, three, four, five, six or more of the following: D) 0.01 to 5 mass % of one or more friction modifiers, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; E) 0.01 to 10 mass % of one or more antioxidants, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; F) 0.01 to 5 mass % of one or more pour point depressants, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; G) 0.001 to 5 mass % of one or more defoaming agents, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; H) 0.001 to 10 mass % of one or more viscosity improvers, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; J) 0.0 to 5 mass % of one or more inhibitors and / or rust inhibitors, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; and / or K) 0.001 to 10 mass % of one or more antiwear agents, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.

23. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising 5 mass% or less of a viscosity improver, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.

24. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising 1.8 mass % or less of a viscosity improver, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the lubricating oil composition contains at least 2 mass % of the functionalized polymer, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent.

25. The lubricating oil composition of claim 21, wherein the viscosity improver is a linear or star polymer, copolymer or block copolymer of: a methacrylate; a conjugated diene and / or an optionally substituted styrene; one or more alpha-olefins and / or combinations thereof.

26. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 21, wherein the viscosity improver is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene or a radial block copolymer of styrene and a conjugated diene.

27. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base oil comprises a Group III and / or Group II base oil.

28. The lubricating oil composition of claim 27, wherein the base oil comprises at least 50 mass % of a Group II base oil, based on the total mass of base oil present in the lubricating oil composition.

29. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the detergent comprises one or more oil-soluble neutral and / or overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, naphthenates and other oil-soluble carboxylates of alkali or alkaline earth metals, optionally selected from calcium salicylate, calcium sulfonate, magnesium salicylate, magnesium sulfonate and combinations thereof.

30. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising one or more molybdenum-containing compounds selected from the group consisting of molybdenum amines, molybdenum diamines, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, molybdenum dithiophosphates, molybdenum amine complexes, molybdenum carboxylates, trinuclear molybdenum compounds, and mixtures thereof.

31. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least 2 mass % of the functionalized polymer, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and 2 mass % or less of a friction modifier, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent.

32. The lubricating oil composition of any preceding claim containing the functionalized polymer and no greater than 1000 ppm molybdenum, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent.

33. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyalkenyl succinimide further comprises one or more PIBSA-PAM dispersants having an Mn of no greater than 1200 g / mol or less, wherein one or more of the high and / or low molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersants may be boronated.

34. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding claims, exhibiting an SAE viscosity grade of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X or 0W-X, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50.

35. A concentrate comprising or obtained by mixing the following components: (A) 1 to less than 50 mass % of one or more base oils, based on the total mass of the concentrate composition; and (B) 0.01 to 20 mass % of a functionalized polymer, based on the total mass of the concentrate composition, comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having: i) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, ii) wherein the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups (including but not limited to wherein the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups), and wherein a polyalkenyl succinimide high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM wherein the polyalkenyl groups are derived from polyisobutylene having an Mn (GPC-PS) of 1,600 g / mol or more and the imide groups are derived from polyamines is not present or substantially not present in the lubricating oil composition, or if present, is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (B) to high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1; and C) Detergents, optionally one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents.

36. The lubricating oil concentrate of claim 35, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present and the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (B) to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.6:

1.

37. The lubricating oil concentrate of claim 35, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent.

38. A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine during engine operation, comprising: (i) providing a lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 37 to a crankcase of an internal combustion engine; (ii) providing fuel in an internal combustion engine; and (iii) combusting the fuel in an internal combustion engine.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the internal combustion engine is a two-stroke or four-stroke reciprocating engine, a spark-ignition engine, a spark-ignition turbocharged internal combustion engine, a compression-ignition engine, a heavy-duty diesel engine, an automotive diesel engine, a motorcycle engine, a stationary gas turbine, a diesel-powered engine, a locomotive engine, or a four-stroke medium-speed trunk piston engine.

40. The method of claim 38 or 39, wherein the fuel is one or more of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, methanol, a renewable fuel, a gaseous fuel, or any blend thereof.

41. A method of improving the total deposit performance as measured by MHT-4TEOST (ASTM D7097) of a lubricating oil composition containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant by partially replacing or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM in the lubricating oil composition with a functionalized polymer such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1, wherein the functionalized polymer comprises a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having: i) Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, ii) wherein the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups (including but not limited to wherein the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups), and iii) wherein the main chain of the homopolymer or copolymer is derived from a group consisting of C2 to C 30 Linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C4 to C 20 Conjugated diene monomers, The lubricant oil composition optionally comprises one or more neutral and / or overbased metal salicylate and / or sulfonate detergents.

42. A method of reducing the interaction of components in a lubricating oil composition / concentrate containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant, The method comprises including a functionalized polymer in addition to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM, or partially or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM in the lubricating oil composition with such a functionalized polymer so that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1, wherein the functionalized polymer comprises a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having: an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, ii) wherein the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups (including but not limited to wherein the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups), and iii) wherein the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is derived from a C2 to C 30 Linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C4 to C 20 A monomer of a conjugated diene.

43. A method for reducing the treat rate of one or more of an antioxidant, a detergent, a friction modifier, and a viscosity modifier in a lubricating oil composition containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant without compromising the performance of the lubricating oil composition in a MHT-4TEOST deposit formation test according to ASTM D7097, the method comprising partially or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant with a functionalized polymer, wherein the functionalized polymer comprises a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having: an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, ii) wherein the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups (including but not limited to wherein the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups), and iii) wherein the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is derived from a C2 to C 30 Linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C4 to C 20 Conjugated diene monomers; and The weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:

1.

44. A method of reducing the treat rate of a concentrated additive package in a lubricating oil composition containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant by partially or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant in the concentrated additive package with a functionalized polymer, wherein the functionalized polymer comprises a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having: an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer prior to functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, ii) wherein the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxy groups (including but not limited to wherein the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxy groups), and iii) wherein the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is derived from a C2 to C 30 Linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C4 to C 20 A monomer of a conjugated diene; and a weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM of at least 0.25:

1.

45. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 37, wherein the lubricating oil composition has a total sediment as measured by MHT-4TEOST (ASTM D7097) of 55 mg or less.

46. ​​A method of improving the antiwear / friction reducing capability of a lubricating oil composition containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant as measured by the average friction / traction coefficient measured using a high frequency reciprocating test machine, the method comprising including a functionalized polymer in addition to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM, or partially replacing or fully replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM in the lubricating oil composition with such a functionalized polymer so that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.6, wherein the functionalized polymer comprises a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group having: i) an Mn (GPC-PS) of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, ii) wherein the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups (including but not limited to wherein the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino groups and / or hydroxy groups), and iii) wherein the main chain of the homopolymer or copolymer is derived from a group consisting of C2 to C 30 Linear, branched and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C4 to C 20 A monomer of a conjugated diene.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the friction reducing capability is improved by at least 5%, optionally at least 10%, optionally at least 20%, optionally at least 40% (compared to the friction reducing capability of a comparative lubricating oil composition containing the same ingredients in the same amounts except that the functionalized polymer is absent), wherein the functionalized polymer is contained in the lubricating oil composition in addition to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM.

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