Staged self-adaptive damping device for longitudinal bridge direction of beam bridge

Abstract

The invention relates to a staged self-adaptive damping device for the longitudinal bridge direction of a beam bridge, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering energy dissipation and damping. The damping device is mainly composed of connecting components (including six types of sub-components), energy consumption components (including two types of sub-components) and reset components, the energy consumption components and the reset components are embedded in the sub-connecting components, and the three types of components are matched with one another to form the damping device. The damping device adopts a staged and self-adaptive design concept, that is, the whole device provides rigidity for the structure under a small earthquake, the two types of sub-energy-dissipation components provide energy dissipation ways for the middle earthquake stage and the large earthquake stage respectively, and the self-adaptive threshold value of the device is determined by the length of a transverse long circular hole in a sub-connecting device. The staged self-adaptive damping device for the longitudinal bridge direction of the beam bridge is novel in structural design, reasonable in reset mode, convenient and fast in engineering installation and good in application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a shock absorbing device, in particular to a staged adaptive shock absorbing device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge, belonging to the technical field of energy dissipation and shock absorption in civil engineering. Background Art

[0002] As an important transportation backbone of the national economy, highway / railway bridges undertake the key tasks of connecting regions and promoting economic development. According to incomplete statistics from the Ministry of Transport at the end of 2022, the total number of bridges built in my country exceeded 1.0332 million, of which beam bridges accounted for about 85.3%. However, the natural disaster risks faced by beam bridges are also particularly prominent, especially the frequent seismic activities in the central, western and southwestern regions of my country. Earthquakes may induce large longitudinal displacements of beam bridges, leading to beam-falling earthquake damage, especially for simply supported beam bridges, which will directly interrupt traffic, affect rescue, and cause huge economic losses and casualties.

[0003] In order to deal with the damage caused by beam falling due to longitudinal displacement, the development of a shock-absorbing device that limits and prevents beam falling is considered to be one of the most effective and reasonable solutions. The basic principle of the shock-absorbing device is to provide additional energy dissipation pathways for the structure by means of plastic deformation and friction displacement of the energy-absorbing device, so as to limit the bridge structure and prevent more serious earthquake damage. With the proposal and development of the concept of multi-level seismic fortification of bridges, a single energy-absorbing shock-absorbing device is difficult to simultaneously meet the seismic requirements of bridge structures under common, rare and extremely rare earthquakes, especially the requirements of reset adaptation and functional recovery under extremely rare earthquakes.

[0004] The staged adaptive shock-absorbing device will change its hysteresis performance according to the size of the external load it is subjected to, so that it can effectively achieve different levels of defense targets under different levels of earthquakes. At this stage, scholars have solved the problem of the single and inflexible energy consumption mode of the device, so that the shock-absorbing device has different energy consumption capabilities for small and large earthquakes. However, most of the existing shock-absorbing devices do not have the ability to adaptively change the energy consumption path and most of them do not have the ability to self-reset, and it is difficult to ensure the adaptive switching of the device in multiple working stages (determined by seismic requirements) at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to design a shock-absorbing device with multi-level energy consumption capacity and self-reset capacity, which is also adaptive and can be used for limiting and preventing beams from falling in the longitudinal direction of beam bridges. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a staged adaptive shock-absorbing device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge, which can be applied between the main beam and the piers of the bridge to solve the problem of staged adaptation and energy-consuming self-reset at the same time, and to perform graded control of earthquakes.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge, the damping device comprising a horizontal connector, a vertical connector and an oblique connector; one end of the horizontal connector is connected to the main beam through a main beam connector, and the other end is connected to the vertical connector; the two ends of the oblique connector are respectively connected to the middle of the horizontal connector and the other end of the vertical connector; the other end of the vertical connector is connected to a pier or a beam cap through a pier connector;

[0008] A friction plate with an oblong hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal connecting piece;

[0009] The oblique connecting member is composed of a first connecting member and a second connecting member, and the first connecting member and the second connecting member are sleeved and connected together;

[0010] The first connecting member includes an end plate and a square steel pipe connected thereto, two movable limit plates are sleeved on the middle and outer ends of the square steel pipe, and limit blocks are evenly distributed on the outer sides of the two movable limit plates;

[0011] A plurality of disc springs are serially sleeved on the square steel pipe between the two movable limit plates; the end plate of the first connecting member is pin-connected with the vertical connecting member and the bridge pier connecting member;

[0012] The second connecting member is sleeved on the outer periphery of the square steel pipe and the two movable limiting plates, one end of which is a non-connecting area end face, used to be opposite to the end plate of the first connecting member, and the other end is provided with an end plate; the inner wall of the second connecting member is provided with two groups of limiting convex ribs, and the movable limiting plate abuts against and is limited to the inner side of the two groups of limiting convex ribs; the end plate of the second connecting member is connected to the friction plate with an oblong hole in the middle of the horizontal connecting member;

[0013] In addition, multiple groups of U-shaped plates are embedded in the space formed between the inner wall of the second connecting member and the outer wall of the square steel pipe, the limiting ribs and the end plate of the first connecting member, and the two ends of each U-shaped plate are respectively bolted to the second connecting member and the square steel pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, the friction plate and the U-shaped plate constitute energy-absorbing components; the disc spring constitutes a reset component; the main beam connector, the friction plate, the horizontal connector, the vertical connector, the pier connector, the first connecting component and the second connecting component constitute an integral connecting component.

[0015] Furthermore, smooth round holes are provided at both ends of the horizontal connecting member and the vertical connecting member and at the end plates of the first connecting member and the second connecting member for connection with pins or bolts.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner side surfaces of the two end plates of the second connecting member are in friction contact with the outer side surface of the friction plate on the horizontal connecting member.

[0017] Furthermore, the second connecting member, the horizontal connecting member and the friction plate are connected together by bolts.

[0018] Furthermore, the number of the U-shaped plates can be designed according to actual engineering conditions.

[0019] Furthermore, the disc spring is provided with a square hole slightly larger than the outer diameter of the square steel pipe. The disc springs stacked in series are placed in an area surrounded by a movable limit plate, a limit block and a limit rib, and are applied with pre-pressure. The size of the pre-pressure can be designed according to the actual engineering situation.

[0020] Furthermore, the first connecting member and the second connecting member are connected together via the U-shaped plate, and the limiting rib is only in contact with the movable limiting plate.

[0021] Furthermore, a certain distance is reserved between the end plate of the first connecting member and the end surface of the non-connecting area of ​​the second connecting member to ensure that the bolts can limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate and the limiting ribs can limit the displacement of the movable limiting plate, so that the disc spring is always in a compressed state.

[0022] Furthermore, when a small earthquake, a medium earthquake, and a large earthquake occur in the bridge structure, the staged adaptive shock absorbing device is in three corresponding stages, including the static friction stage during a small earthquake, that is, the bridge structure provides additional stiffness; the sliding friction stage during a medium earthquake, that is, the bridge structure provides friction energy dissipation; the energy dissipation self-reset stage during a large earthquake, that is, the bridge structure provides self-reset capability and energy dissipation capability, which greatly reduces or even eliminates the residual displacement of the bridge structure. Specifically:

[0023] Under a small earthquake, the bridge structure will produce a dynamic response. However, since the horizontal connector and the second connector are in contact with each other and are equipped with a friction plate, the friction force provided by the horizontal connector is less than the sliding friction force of the friction plate, which is the static friction stage. At this time, the device provides additional stiffness for the bridge. Under a medium earthquake, the friction force provided by the horizontal connector is greater than the sliding friction force of the friction plate, which is the sliding friction stage. The main beam connector will drive the horizontal connector to translate and the vertical connector to rotate. At this time, the device provides additional friction energy consumption for the bridge. Under a large earthquake, the horizontal connector continues to translate but reaches After reaching the limit of the oblong hole opened on it, the friction energy consumption stage ends, and the self-reset energy consumption stage begins. In this stage, the energy consumption + self-reset functions are provided by the disc spring and the U-shaped plate respectively. Since the second connecting member and the first connecting member are in contact rather than rigidly connected, and once the two are relatively displaced, the two movable limit plates 16 will limit the displacement of the disc spring, that is, it is always in a compressed state to provide self-reset capability, and the bolts will limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate, that is, the U-shaped plate is in a tension / compression state to provide energy dissipation capability. At this stage, the device provides the bridge with self-reset + energy dissipation capabilities.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The staged mechanism is clear. The novel device of the present invention responds to the seismic requirements of the structure under small earthquakes, medium earthquakes, and large earthquakes respectively through the static friction stage, sliding friction stage, and energy-consuming self-resetting stage. The structure of the device corresponds to the seismic requirements one by one, that is, the static friction stage and the sliding friction stage can be regulated by the preload of the bolts installed between the friction plate and the second connecting member and the horizontal connecting member; the energy-consuming self-resetting stage can be regulated by the preload of the disc spring and the number of U-shaped plates (or the structure of the U-shaped plates).

[0026] (2) The adaptive method is novel. The novel device of the present invention realizes the adaptive function by opening an oblong hole on the friction plate. Once the structure is deformed in a certain direction to the length limit of the oblong hole, the device automatically triggers the energy dissipation self-reset stage and stops the sliding friction stage. The length can be adjusted according to the seismic fortification intensity of the bridge site.

[0027] (3) The stress pattern is clear, and the plastic deformation is concentrated on the U-shaped plate. When an earthquake occurs, the deformation characteristics of the U-shaped plate can be used to easily dismantle the U-shaped plate with severe plastic deformation, so that it can be quickly replaced after the earthquake.

[0028] (4) The assembly degree is high. Each sub-connection device is connected by a rotatable pin shaft (the second connection member and the horizontal connection member are bolted), and the sub-connection device only moves without deformation, which makes installation and disassembly at the construction site very convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a staged adaptive damping device for a longitudinal direction of a beam bridge and its application in bridge engineering according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a horizontal connecting member of a staged adaptive damping device for a longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to the present invention and a friction plate (with an oblong hole) provided thereon;

[0031] Figure 3 A perspective view of key components of a staged adaptive shock absorbing device for a beam bridge in the longitudinal direction of the present invention that provides energy dissipation and self-resetting capabilities under a large earthquake;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a first connecting member of a staged adaptive damping device for a longitudinal direction of a beam bridge of the present invention and a square steel pipe and a movable limiting plate and a limiting block provided thereon;

[0033] Figure 5A cross-sectional view of key components of a staged adaptive shock-absorbing device for a beam bridge in the longitudinal direction of the present invention, which provides energy dissipation and self-resetting capabilities under a large earthquake;

[0034] Figure 6 The present invention is a perspective view of a second connecting member of a staged adaptive shock absorbing device for a longitudinal direction of a beam bridge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 The present invention is further described in detail with specific implementations to facilitate a clear understanding of the present invention, but they do not constitute a limitation on the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “inside” and “outside” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] As attached Figure 1-6 As shown, a staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge in this embodiment includes a horizontal connector 3, a vertical connector 4 and an oblique connector. One end of the horizontal connector 3 is connected to the main beam 15 through the main beam connector 1, and the other end is connected to the vertical connector 4. The two ends of the oblique connector are respectively connected to the middle of the horizontal connector 3 and the other end of the vertical connector 4. The other end of the vertical connector 4 is connected to the pier or beam cap 12 through the pier connector 5.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, a friction plate 2 with an oblong hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal connecting member 3.

[0040] like Figure 3-6As shown, the oblique connecting member is composed of a first connecting member 6 and a second connecting member 10, and the first connecting member 6 and the second connecting member 10 are sleeved and connected together. The first connecting member 6 includes an end plate and a square steel pipe 8 connected thereto, and two movable limit plates 16 are sleeved in the middle and outer ends of the square steel pipe 8, and limit blocks 17 are evenly distributed on the outer sides of the two movable limit plates 16. A plurality of disc springs 9 are sleeved in series on the square steel pipe 8 between the two movable limit plates 16. The end plate of the first connecting member 6 is pin-connected to the vertical connecting member 4 and the pier connecting member 5. The second connecting member 10 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the square steel pipe 8 and the two movable limit plates 16, one end of which is the end face of the non-connection area, which is used to be opposite to the end plate of the first connecting member 6, and the other end is provided with an end plate. Two groups of limit ribs 11 are provided on the inner wall of the second connecting member 10, and the movable limit plates 16 abut and are limited to the inner sides of the two groups of limit ribs 11. As shown Figure 6 As shown, each set of limiting ribs 11 is provided on the upper and lower inner walls of the second connecting member 10. The end plates of the second connecting member 10 are connected to the friction plate 2 with an oblong hole in the middle of the horizontal connecting member 3. Specifically, the inner side surfaces of the two end plates of the second connecting member 10 are in friction contact with the outer side surfaces of the friction plate 2 on the horizontal connecting member 3. The second connecting member 10, the horizontal connecting member 3 and the friction plate 2 are connected together by bolts. In addition, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of groups of U-shaped plates 7 are embedded in the space formed between the inner wall of the second connecting member 10 and the outer wall of the square steel tube 8, the limiting ribs 11 and the end plate of the first connecting member 6, and each U-shaped plate 7 is bolted to the second connecting member 10 and the square steel tube 8 at both ends.

[0041] In this embodiment, the disc spring 9 is provided with a square hole slightly larger than the outer diameter of the square steel tube 8. The disc springs 9 stacked in series are placed in the area surrounded by the movable limit plate 16, the limit block 17 and the limit rib 11, and are applied with a pre-pressure, the size of which can be designed according to the actual engineering situation. Figure 3-4 As shown, the first connecting member 6 and the second connecting member 10 are connected together by the U-shaped plate 7 , and the limiting rib 11 is only in contact with the movable limiting plate 16 .

[0042] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, a certain distance is reserved between the end plate of the first connecting member 6 and the end surface of the non-connecting area of ​​the second connecting member 10 to ensure that the bolts can limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate 7, and the limiting ribs 11 can limit the displacement of the movable limiting plate 16, that is, to keep the disc spring 9 in a compressed state at all times.

[0043] In this embodiment, the friction plate 2 and the U-shaped plate 7 constitute energy-absorbing components, and the number of the U-shaped plates 7 can be designed according to the actual engineering situation. The disc spring 9 constitutes a reset component. The main beam connector 1, the friction plate 2, the horizontal connector 3, the vertical connector 4, the pier connector 5, the first connecting member 6 and the second connecting member 10 constitute an integral connecting member. Smooth round holes are provided at both ends of the horizontal connector 3 and the vertical connector 4 and at the end plates of the first connecting member 6 and the second connecting member 10 for pin connection.

[0044] When a small earthquake, a medium earthquake, and a large earthquake occur in the bridge structure, the staged adaptive shock absorbing device is in three corresponding stages, including the static friction stage during a small earthquake, that is, the bridge structure provides additional stiffness. During a medium earthquake, it is in the sliding friction stage, that is, the bridge structure provides friction energy dissipation. During a large earthquake, it is in the energy dissipation self-reset stage, that is, the bridge structure provides self-reset and energy dissipation capabilities, greatly reducing or even eliminating the residual displacement of the bridge structure. The specific analysis is as follows:

[0045] The horizontal connector 3, the vertical connector 4 and the diagonal connector are composed. One end of the horizontal connector 3 is connected to the main beam 15 through the main beam connector 1, and the other end is connected to the vertical connector 4. The two ends of the diagonal connector are respectively connected to the middle of the horizontal connector 3 and the other end of the vertical connector 4. The other end of the vertical connector 4 is connected to the pier or beam cap 12 through the pier connector 5.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, a friction plate 2 with an oblong hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal connecting member 3.

[0047] The oblique connecting member is composed of a first connecting member 6 and a second connecting member 10 , and the first connecting member 6 and the second connecting member 10 are sleeved and connected together.

[0048] In this embodiment, the novel device meets the seismic requirements of the structure under small earthquakes, medium earthquakes, and large earthquakes through the static friction stage, sliding friction stage, and energy-consuming self-reset stage. The structure of the device corresponds to the seismic requirements one by one, that is, the static friction stage and the sliding friction stage can be regulated by the preload of the bolts installed between the friction plate 2 and the second connecting member 10 and the horizontal connecting member 3. The energy-consuming self-reset stage can be regulated by the preload of the disc spring and the number of U-shaped plates 7.

[0049] In this embodiment, the device realizes the adaptive function by opening an oblong hole on the friction plate 2. Once the structure is deformed in a certain direction to reach the length limit of the oblong hole, the device automatically triggers the energy consumption self-reset stage and stops the sliding friction stage. The length can be adjusted according to the seismic fortification intensity of the bridge site.

[0050] In this embodiment, the plastic deformation of the device is concentrated on the U-shaped plate 7. When an earthquake occurs, the deformation characteristics of the U-shaped plate 7 are used to easily disassemble the severely plastically deformed U-shaped plate 7, so that rapid replacement after the earthquake can be achieved. Each sub-connection device in the device is connected by a rotatable pin shaft, wherein the second connection member 10 and the horizontal connection member 3 are bolted, and the sub-connection device is only displaced without deformation, so the installation and disassembly at the construction site is very convenient.

[0051] In this embodiment, the working mechanism of the staged adaptive shock absorbing device is explained from three perspectives: small earthquake, medium earthquake and large earthquake: under small earthquake, the bridge structure will produce dynamic response, but because the horizontal connector 3 and the second connecting member 10 are in contact with each other and are provided with a friction plate 2, the friction force provided by the horizontal connector 3 is less than the sliding friction force of the friction plate 2, which is the static friction stage, and the device provides additional stiffness for the bridge. Under medium earthquake, the friction force provided by the horizontal connector 3 is greater than the sliding friction force of the friction plate 2, which is the sliding friction stage, and the main beam connector 1 will drive the horizontal connector 3 to translate and the vertical connector 4 to rotate, and the device provides additional friction energy consumption for the bridge. Under a large earthquake, the horizontal connecting member 3 continues to translate, but after reaching the limit of the oblong hole opened on it, the friction energy consumption stage ends, and the self-reset energy consumption stage begins. In this stage, the energy consumption + self-reset functions are provided by the disc spring 9 and the U-shaped plate 7 respectively. Since the second connecting member 10 and the first connecting member 6 are in contact rather than rigidly connected, and once the two are relatively displaced, the two movable limit plates 16 will limit the displacement of the disc spring 9, that is, it is always in a compressed state to provide self-reset capability, and the bolts will limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate 7, that is, the U-shaped plate 7 is in a tension / compression state to provide energy dissipation capability. At this stage, the device provides the bridge with self-reset + energy dissipation capabilities.

[0052] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not impose any formal limitation on the structure of the present invention. The layout type and the number of uses of the present invention are not limited to this example, and can be optimized and selected according to the actual project. Any modification, equivalent change and decoration of the above embodiment based on the technical principle of the present invention that does not deviate from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge, characterized in that: The shock absorbing device comprises a horizontal connecting member (3), a vertical connecting member (4) and an oblique connecting member; one end of the horizontal connecting member (3) is connected to the main beam (15) through the main beam connecting member (1), and the other end is connected to the vertical connecting member (4); the two ends of the oblique connecting member are respectively connected to the middle of the horizontal connecting member (3) and the other end of the vertical connecting member (4); the other end of the vertical connecting member (4) is connected to the pier or the beam cover (12) through the pier connecting member (5); A friction plate (2) with an oblong hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal connecting member (3); The oblique connecting member is composed of a first connecting member (6) and a second connecting member (10), and the first connecting member (6) and the second connecting member (10) are sleeved and connected together; The first connecting member (6) comprises an end plate and a square steel pipe (8) connected thereto, two movable limiting plates (16) are sleeved on the middle part and the outer end of the square steel pipe (8), and limiting blocks (17) are evenly distributed on the outer sides of the two movable limiting plates (16); A plurality of disc springs (9) are serially sleeved on the square steel pipe (8) between the two movable limit plates (16); the end plate of the first connecting member (6) is pin-connected with the vertical connecting member (4) and the bridge pier connecting member (5); The second connecting member (10) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the square steel pipe (8) and the two movable limiting plates (16), one end of which is a non-connecting area end face for being opposite to the end plate of the first connecting member (6), and the other end is provided with an end plate; the inner wall of the second connecting member (10) is provided with two groups of limiting convex ribs (11), and the movable limiting plate (16) abuts against and is limited to the inner side of the two groups of limiting convex ribs (11); the end plate of the second connecting member (10) is connected to a friction plate (2) with an oblong hole in the middle of the horizontal connecting member (3); In addition, a plurality of groups of U-shaped plates (7) are embedded in the space formed between the inner wall of the second connecting member (10), the outer wall of the square steel tube (8), the limiting convex rib (11) and the end plate of the first connecting member (6), and the two ends of each U-shaped plate (7) are respectively connected to the second connecting member (10) and the square steel tube (8) by bolts.

2. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction plate (2) and the U-shaped plate (7) constitute an energy-absorbing component; the disc spring (9) constitutes a reset component; and the main beam connecting member (1), the friction plate (2), the horizontal connecting member (3), the vertical connecting member (4), the pier connecting member (5), the first connecting member (6) and the second connecting member (10) constitute an integral connecting member.

3. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: Smooth round holes are provided at both ends of the horizontal connecting member (3) and the vertical connecting member (4) as well as at the end plates of the first connecting member (6) and the second connecting member (10).

4. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The inner side surfaces of the two end plates of the second connecting member (10) are in frictional contact with the outer side surface of the friction plate (2) on the horizontal connecting member (3).

5. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second connecting member (10), the horizontal connecting member (3) and the friction plate (2) are connected together by bolts.

6. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the U-shaped plates (7) can be designed according to actual engineering conditions.

7. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disc spring (9) is provided with a square hole whose size is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the square steel pipe (8). The disc springs (9) stacked in series are placed in an area surrounded by a movable limiting plate (16), a limiting block (17) and a limiting convex rib (11), and a pre-pressure is applied thereto. The size of the pre-pressure can be designed according to the actual engineering situation.

8. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connecting member (6) and the second connecting member (10) are connected together via the U-shaped plate (7), and the limiting rib (11) is only in contact with the movable limiting plate (16).

9. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: A certain distance is reserved between the end plate of the first connecting member (6) and the end surface of the non-connecting area of ​​the second connecting member (10), so as to ensure that the bolts can limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate (7) and the limiting ribs (11) can limit the displacement of the movable limiting plate (16), that is, to ensure that the disc spring (9) is always in a compressed state.

10. A staged adaptive damping device for longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: When a small earthquake, a medium earthquake, and a large earthquake occur in the bridge structure, the staged adaptive damping device is in three corresponding stages, including the static friction stage during a small earthquake, that is, the bridge structure provides additional stiffness; the sliding friction stage during a medium earthquake, that is, the bridge structure provides friction energy dissipation; the energy dissipation self-reset stage during a large earthquake, that is, the bridge structure provides self-reset capability and energy dissipation capability, which greatly reduces or even eliminates the residual displacement of the bridge structure, as follows: Under a small earthquake, the bridge structure will produce a dynamic response. However, since the horizontal connector (3) and the second connector (10) are in contact with each other and are provided with a friction plate (2), the friction force provided by the horizontal connector (3) is less than the sliding friction force of the friction plate (2), which is the static friction stage. At this time, the device provides additional stiffness for the bridge. Under a medium earthquake, the friction force provided by the horizontal connector (3) is greater than the sliding friction force of the friction plate (2), which is the sliding friction stage. The main beam connector (1) will drive the horizontal connector (3) to translate and the vertical connector (4) to rotate. At this time, the device provides additional friction energy consumption for the bridge. Under a large earthquake, the horizontal connector (3) will continue to move. After the second connecting member (10) and the first connecting member (6) continue to translate but reach the limit of the oblong hole opened thereon, the friction energy consumption stage ends and the self-reset energy consumption stage begins. In this stage, the energy consumption + self-reset functions are provided by the disc spring (9) and the U-shaped plate (7) respectively. Since the second connecting member (10) and the first connecting member (6) are in contact rather than rigid connection, and once the two are relatively displaced, the two movable limit plates (16) will limit the displacement of the disc spring (9), that is, it is always in a compressed state to provide self-reset capability, and the bolts will limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate (7), that is, the U-shaped plate (7) is in a tension / compression state to provide energy consumption capability. In this stage, the device provides the bridge with self-reset + energy consumption capability.

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