Fabricated building outer-frame-free construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a fabricated building outer-frame-free construction method, and belongs to the technical field of construction methods.The fabricated building outer-frame-free construction method comprises the following steps that reserved bolts are accurately buried in the factory prefabricated part production process according to a protective barrier deepening drawing; a protection support is installed on the prefabricated part; the prefabricated part with the protection support is hoisted to a designated position; the shaped protective vertical rods are connected with the protective supports through bolts; protective steel wire ropes are installed between the protective vertical rods and fixed through bolts, and a primary protective system is formed; after the horizontal member of the building side span is hoisted, the protective vertical plate is fixed to the protective steel wire rope; a bottom skirting board is fixed to the lower protection steel wire rope; the part exceeding the height of the bottom skirting space is connected with the protection support through a steel pipe to eliminate a gap, and a secondary protection system is formed; and the protection system is dismantled after construction is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of construction methods, and in particular, relates to a method for constructing an assembled building without external frames. Background Art

[0002] As an emerging construction mode, prefabricated buildings have been widely used in many countries and regions in recent years due to their advantages such as high material utilization, short construction period and controllable quality. Compared with traditional cast-in-place concrete buildings, a major feature of prefabricated buildings is the large number of prefabricated components, which greatly improves construction efficiency and safety. However, in actual construction, the hoisting and installation process of these prefabricated components still requires the help of a large number of external support frames, which causes certain inconveniences to on-site operations. At present, some prefabricated construction projects adopt the practice of pre-installing temporary protective devices on prefabricated components, mainly including protective railings, protective nets, protective sheds, etc. In order to ensure the safety of construction workers, these protective devices often block part of the construction area, affecting the smooth progress of hoisting, installation and other operations. At the same time, these temporary protective facilities need to be dismantled separately after the construction is completed, which increases the overall construction period and cost.

[0003] Another solution is to use the main structure of the building as a protective support, without the need to build an external protective frame. This method can greatly reduce the use of temporary facilities, but there are also some technical difficulties. First of all, it is necessary to make accurate reservations during the production stage of prefabricated components to meet the requirements of subsequent installation of protective devices. Secondly, the installation of protective devices needs to be highly coordinated with the hoisting and positioning of the main structure of the building, otherwise it will affect the overall construction progress. In addition, the layout of protective devices also needs to meet the safety requirements during the use of the building, such as protection height, strength and other indicators. In summary, how to achieve external frame-free protection in prefabricated building construction is an important technical problem that the industry urgently needs to solve. This problem not only involves construction safety, but also construction efficiency and cost control. Therefore, the development of a prefabricated building frame-free construction method can provide an effective solution to this problem, which is of great practical significance. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for constructing prefabricated buildings without external frames. By embedding reserved bolts and pre-installing protective supports in the production stage of prefabricated components, a stable and reliable protection system is simultaneously built during the process of hoisting the main structure into place. This method not only greatly reduces the use of temporary protection facilities, but also avoids the interference of external protective frames on construction operations, thereby improving the overall construction efficiency.

[0005] The present invention is achieved in that:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for constructing an assembled building without external scaffolding, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] S10. Accurately bury the reserved bolts during the production process of prefabricated components in the factory according to the detailed drawing of the guardrail;

[0008] S20. Install protective supports on prefabricated components;

[0009] S30, using a climbing vehicle to assist in hoisting the prefabricated component with the protective support to a designated location;

[0010] S40, connecting the standardized protection pole to the protection support by means of bolts, adjusting the protection pole to a vertical state, wherein the height of the protection pole is adjusted between 1000 and 1800 mm;

[0011] S50, installing protective steel wire ropes between the protective poles and fixing them with bolts, controlling the downward deflection of the protective steel wire ropes in the span to be within 20 mm, and forming a primary protection system;

[0012] S60, after the horizontal member of the side span of the building is hoisted, the protective vertical plate is fixed to the protective steel wire rope through the upper and lower buckles of the standardized protective vertical plate;

[0013] S70, fixing the bottom skirting board to the lower protective steel wire rope by means of a shaped buckle, and controlling the height of the bottom skirting space within 350 mm;

[0014] S80. The portion exceeding the height of the bottom kicking space is connected to the protection support by a steel pipe to eliminate the gap, thereby forming a secondary protection system;

[0015] S90, completing the post-construction work and dismantling the protection system after the construction is completed;

[0016] The installation room of the protection support is obtained by introducing a method combining genetic algorithm with finite element analysis to establish a protection support arrangement density function model; specifically including:

[0017] S21. Establish a protective bearing arrangement density function model: According to the building structure characteristics, load conditions and safety requirements, establish a multi-objective optimization model to express the relationship between the protective bearing arrangement density and the structural safety and economy;

[0018] S22, initializing the genetic algorithm population: generating a set of random protection support arrangement schemes, each of which represents a possible solution, including support spacing, quantity and position information;

[0019] S23. Conduct finite element analysis: Conduct finite element analysis on each layout scheme to calculate the mechanical performance indicators of the structure under various load conditions, including stress, deformation, displacement, strain energy and natural frequency;

[0020] S24, evaluate fitness: according to the finite element analysis results, combined with safety requirements and economic considerations, calculate a fitness value for each layout scheme. The fitness function should consider the structural safety factor, material consumption, and construction difficulty factors;

[0021] S25, apply genetic algorithm operation: generate a new generation of layout schemes through genetic operations of selection, crossover and mutation;

[0022] S26. Repeat steps S23-S25 until the preset termination condition is reached, and finally the optimal protective support arrangement scheme is obtained.

[0023] The preset termination condition is specifically reaching the maximum number of iterations or fitness convergence. The maximum number of iterations is set to 100 times, and the fitness convergence condition is that the change of the optimal fitness value in 10 consecutive iterations is less than 1%.

[0024] The objective function, constraints, finite element analysis, and fitness function related equations of the multi-objective optimization model are specifically expressed as follows:

[0025] 1. Objective function:

[0026] minF(x)={f1(x),f2(x)};

[0027] Where f1(x) is the safety objective function; f2(x) is the economic objective function; x is the decision variable vector, which includes the support spacing, quantity and location information.

[0028] Security objective function:

[0029] f1(x)=max(σ max / σ allow , δ max / σ allow );

[0030] In the formula, σ max is the maximum stress; σ allow is the allowable stress; δ max is the maximum deformation; δ allow To allow deformation.

[0031] Economic objective function:

[0032]

[0033] Where n is the number of material types; c iis the unit price of the i-th material; q i is the amount of the i-th material; λ is the construction difficulty coefficient; t is the estimated construction time.

[0034] 2. Constraints:

[0035] g1(x)=σ max -σ allow ≤0;

[0036] g2(x)=δ max -δ allow ≤0;

[0037] g3(x)=N min ≤N≤N max ;

[0038] g4(x)=S min ≤S≤S max ;

[0039] Where, N is the number of supports; N min and N max are the lower and upper limits of the number of supports respectively; S is the support spacing; S min and S max are the lower and upper limits of the support spacing respectively.

[0040] 3. Finite element analysis:

[0041] Stress analysis equation:

[0042] [K]{u}={F};

[0043] Where [K] is the stiffness matrix; {u} is the node displacement vector; and {F} is the node force vector.

[0044] Stiffness matrix calculation:

[0045]

[0046] In the formula, B i and B j is the strain-displacement matrix; D is the elastic matrix; V is the unit volume.

[0047] Stress calculation:

[0048] {σ}=[D][B]{u};

[0049] Where {σ} is the stress vector.

[0050] 4. Fitness function:

[0051]

[0052] Wherein, w1 and w2 are weight coefficients, w1+w2=1; P(x) is a penalty function used to process constraints.

[0053] Penalty function:

[0054]

[0055] Where m is the number of constraints.

[0056] Parameter acquisition method:

[0057] 1. σ allow and δ allow :Determined according to the building structure design specifications, such as "Building Structure Load Code" GB50009-2012 and "Concrete Structure Design Code" GB50010-2010.

[0058] 2.c i :Obtain material unit prices through market research.

[0059] 3.q i : The amount of each material is calculated through the finite element analysis results.

[0060] 4.λ: Determined by expert evaluation method, ranging from 1-10, with larger values ​​indicating higher construction difficulty.

[0061] 5.t: Estimate using the following formula:

[0062] t = α·N+β·L+γ;

[0063] In the formula, α is the installation time coefficient of a single bearing; N is the number of bearings; β is the construction time coefficient per unit length; L is the total construction length; and γ is the fixed preparation time. These coefficients are obtained through regression analysis of historical data.

[0064] 6.N min 、N max , S min , S max :Determined according to the building structure characteristics and construction requirements.

[0065] 7. [K], {F}: Automatically generated by finite element modeling software (such as ANSYS).

[0066] 8.w1, w2: Determine using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP):

[0067] (1) Construct judgment matrix A:

[0068]

[0069] (2) Calculate eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors:

[0070] (A-λI)W=0;

[0071] Among them, λ represents the eigenvalue, I represents the 2×2 identity matrix, and the identity matrix is

[0072] (3) Normalization process to obtain weights:

[0073]

[0074] In the formula, a 12 is the importance of safety relative to economy, determined by expert scoring method; λ is the maximum eigenvalue of matrix A; W is the corresponding eigenvector.

[0075] On the basis of the above technical solution, the method for constructing a prefabricated building without external frame of the present invention can also be improved as follows:

[0076] Wherein, the step S10 specifically includes:

[0077] Step 101: Determine the layout, spacing and height requirements of the guardrails according to the architectural design drawings and structural calculations;

[0078] Step 102: Using 3D modeling software, establish a building information model including the guardrail;

[0079] Step 103: marking the precise position coordinates of the reserved bolts in the building information model;

[0080] Step 104, generating a detailed drawing of the guardrail, including a plan layout drawing, an elevation drawing and a node detail drawing of the reserved bolts;

[0081] Step 105, inputting the detailed drawing of the guardrail into the numerical control system of the prefabricated component production line;

[0082] Step 106: placing a reserved bolt locator in the prefabricated component mold according to the instruction of the numerical control system;

[0083] Step 107, installing the reserved bolts on the positioner and fixing its position;

[0084] Step 108: pour concrete, remove the formwork after the concrete reaches a certain strength, and complete the precise embedding of the reserved bolts.

[0085] Furthermore, the step S20 specifically includes:

[0086] Step 201, check whether the position and quantity of the reserved bolts on the prefabricated components meet the requirements of the guardrail detailed drawing;

[0087] Step 202: clean up the debris around the reserved bolts to ensure that the threads are intact;

[0088] Step 203, align the protective support with the reserved bolts, insert the bolts and initially secure them with a wrench;

[0089] Step 204: Use a level to check the levelness of the protective support and make fine adjustments if necessary;

[0090] Step 205: Tighten the bolts to a specified torque value using a torque wrench to ensure a secure connection;

[0091] Step 206: Check the fit between the protective support and the surface of the prefabricated component to ensure that there is no obvious gap;

[0092] Step 207, applying anti-rust paint on the protective support to prevent later rust;

[0093] Step 208: Record the installation position and installation quality of each protective support in the construction record sheet.

[0094] Furthermore, the step S30 specifically includes:

[0095] Step 301: Select a tower crane or truck crane of appropriate tonnage according to the lifting plan;

[0096] Step 302: Check the integrity of the spreader and reliably connect the spreader to the prefabricated component;

[0097] Step 303, slowly lifting the prefabricated component to ensure that the component rises smoothly;

[0098] Step 304: Simultaneously operate the aerial platform to move it to the vicinity of the prefabricated component installation location;

[0099] Step 305: Adjust the aerial posture of the prefabricated component so that it is aligned with the installation position;

[0100] Step 306: Arrange a dedicated person on the aerial platform to direct and coordinate the lifting process;

[0101] Step 307, accurately place the prefabricated components in place and fix them with temporary fixings;

[0102] Step 308: Review the position and elevation of the prefabricated components to ensure that they meet the design requirements;

[0103] Step 309: After the prefabricated components are installed stably, remove the hoisting equipment to complete the hoisting operation.

[0104] Furthermore, the step S40 specifically includes:

[0105] Step 401, check the integrity of the standardized protective pole to ensure that there is no deformation or damage;

[0106] Step 402, align the bottom of the protective pole with the connection hole on the protective support;

[0107] Step 403: Select bolts of appropriate specifications, pass through the bottom of the protective pole and screw them into the protective support;

[0108] Step 404, preliminarily tighten the bolts with a wrench, but leave a certain adjustment space;

[0109] Step 405: Use a level ruler or a laser level to check the verticality of the protective pole;

[0110] Step 406: If tilt is found, adjust the contact surface between the bottom of the protective pole and the protective support until it is vertical;

[0111] Step 407: Adjust the height of the protective pole according to the actual situation on site and safety requirements;

[0112] Step 408: After the adjustment is completed, tighten the connecting bolts to the specified torque using a torque wrench;

[0113] Step 409: record the location and height data of each protective pole in the construction record sheet.

[0114] Furthermore, the step S50 specifically includes:

[0115] Step 501: Check whether the specification and strength of the protective steel wire rope meet the design requirements;

[0116] Step 502: fix one end of the protective steel wire rope to the protective pole at the starting end;

[0117] Step 503: Pass the steel wire rope through the fixed points on each of the protection poles in sequence along the arrangement direction of the protection poles;

[0118] Step 504: Fix the other end of the wire rope on the protective pole at the end point with a wire rope clamp;

[0119] Step 505: Use a tension meter to measure the initial tension of the wire rope and record the value;

[0120] Step 506: gradually increase the tension of the steel wire rope by adjusting the steel wire rope clamp;

[0121] Step 507, in the process of increasing the tension, measuring the deflection of the wire rope at the mid-span;

[0122] Step 508, repeatedly adjust until the deflection of the wire rope in the span is controlled within 20 mm;

[0123] Step 509: Finally, check the firmness of all connection points to ensure a stable primary protection system.

[0124] Furthermore, the step S60 specifically includes:

[0125] Step 601: Check whether the integrity and size of the standardized protective vertical plate meet the requirements;

[0126] Step 602, confirm that the horizontal members of the building side span have been fully hoisted into place and are stable;

[0127] Step 603, place the protective vertical plate close to the protective steel wire rope and align it with the installation position;

[0128] Step 604, open the buckle on the upper part of the protective vertical plate and buckle it on the upper protective wire rope;

[0129] Step 605, gently press down the protective vertical plate so that it is close to the wire rope under its own weight;

[0130] Step 606: Open the buckle at the bottom of the protective vertical plate and buckle it onto the lower protective wire rope;

[0131] Step 607, check the verticality of the protective vertical plate and make fine adjustments if necessary;

[0132] Step 608, ensuring that the overlap between adjacent protective vertical panels meets the design requirements;

[0133] Step 609: record the installation position and status of each protective vertical plate in the construction record sheet.

[0134] Furthermore, the step S70 specifically includes:

[0135] Step 701, check whether the size and material of the bottom skirting board meet the design requirements;

[0136] Step 702, marking the installation position of the skirting board on the lower protective wire rope;

[0137] Step 703, install the shaped buckle on the back of the skirting board to ensure a firm connection;

[0138] Step 704, place the skirting board close to the lower protective wire rope and align it with the installation position;

[0139] Step 705: open the stereotyped buckle and buckle it on the lower protective wire rope;

[0140] Step 706: Adjust the level of the skirting board to ensure that it is parallel to the ground;

[0141] Step 707, measure the distance from the bottom edge of the skirting board to the ground, and ensure that it does not exceed 350 mm;

[0142] Step 708, check the connection between adjacent skirting boards to ensure there is no obvious gap;

[0143] Step 709: Record the installation height and coverage of the skirting board in the construction record sheet.

[0144] Furthermore, the step S80 specifically includes:

[0145] Step 801, identifying the area where the height of the bottom kick space exceeds 350 mm;

[0146] Step 802: Measure the size of the gap to be filled and record the data;

[0147] Step 803: Select a steel pipe of appropriate diameter and length according to the measurement data;

[0148] Step 804: Process threads or weld connectors at both ends of the steel pipe to connect with the protective support;

[0149] Step 805: Connect one end of the steel pipe to the lower protective support and initially fix it;

[0150] Step 806, adjust the angle of the steel pipe so that it is aligned with the upper protective support;

[0151] Step 807: Connect the other end of the steel pipe to the upper protective support and tighten it;

[0152] Step 808: Check the stability of the steel pipe and its fit with surrounding components;

[0153] Step 809: Perform rust-proof treatment on all newly added steel pipes to ensure durability.

[0154] Furthermore, the step S90 specifically includes:

[0155] Step 901: confirm that all construction work has been completed and obtain demolition permit;

[0156] Step 902: Develop a detailed protection system dismantling plan, including dismantling sequence and safety measures;

[0157] Step 903, starting from the top floor, remove the protective vertical panels and skirting boards in sequence;

[0158] Step 904, carefully loosen and remove the protective wire rope, taking care to avoid it from bouncing up suddenly;

[0159] Step 905: dismantle the protective upright pole and separate it from the protective support;

[0160] Step 906: remove the steel pipe used to fill the gap and restore the original structure;

[0161] Step 907, finally remove the protective support and repair the surface of the prefabricated component if necessary;

[0162] Step 908: Count and sort all the removed protective parts;

[0163] Step 909: Clean and maintain the reusable parts to prepare for next use.

[0164] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the prefabricated building frame-free construction method provided by the present invention are:

[0165] 1. The construction of the protection system is more integrated. By reserving installation locations during the prefabricated component production stage and pre-assembling key components such as protection supports, the installation of the protection system can be carried out simultaneously with the main structure hoisting. This avoids the problem of interference between the installation of protection facilities and the construction of the main structure in traditional practices, and improves the smoothness of the overall construction;

[0166] 2. More reliable protection performance. The present invention adopts standardized protection poles, protection wire ropes, protection plates and other components, and builds a multi-level protection system through optimized design and precise assembly. Among them, key links such as the tension control of the protection wire rope and the overlap design of the protection plate have been fully theoretically calculated and practically verified, ensuring the stability and reliability of the protection effect;

[0167] 3. Construction costs and construction period are effectively controlled. Since a large number of temporary protective facilities are eliminated and construction delays caused by conflicts between the installation of protective devices and the main structure construction are avoided, the scheme of the present invention is significantly superior to traditional practices in terms of overall economy and construction period control. At the same time, the reservation and pre-installation of prefabricated components in the production stage also reduce the difficulty of on-site installation to a certain extent, further saving manpower and material costs;

[0168] To sum up, the scaffolding-free construction method of prefabricated buildings proposed in the present invention fully utilizes the factory advantages of prefabricated component production, greatly improves the overall construction efficiency and reduces construction costs while ensuring construction safety, laying a solid technical foundation for the promotion and application of prefabricated buildings in high-rise, large-span and other fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0169] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative labor.

[0170] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0171] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for constructing a prefabricated building without external frame;

[0172] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of step S20 of a method for constructing a prefabricated building without external scaffolding;

[0173] Figure 3 This is an example diagram of a protective support for a prefabricated building construction method without external scaffolding;

[0174] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of protective poles for a prefabricated building construction method without external scaffolding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0175] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0176] Embodiment 1:

[0177] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown in the figure, a large-scale prefabricated residential project is located in the coastal area of ​​East China, with a building height of 25 floors and a total construction area of ​​about 60,000 square meters. The project adopts a reinforced concrete prefabricated structural system, which is mainly assembled from prefabricated components such as beams, slabs, and columns. In the construction preparation stage, the construction unit formulated and implemented the prefabricated building frame-free construction plan proposed in the present invention based on the characteristics of the project. The specific implementation process is described as follows.

[0178] First, during the prefabricated component production stage, the reserved bolts required for the guardrails are pre-buried inside each prefabricated component mold. Specifically, the layout position, spacing and height requirements of the guardrails are determined based on the architectural design drawings and structural calculations. Then, a complete building information model including the guardrails is established using 3D modeling software such as Revit. In this model, the precise position coordinates of each reserved bolt are marked. Next, a detailed design drawing of the guardrail is generated, including the plan layout, elevations and node details. These drawings are input into the CNC system of the prefabricated component production line to guide the placement of the locator for the reserved bolts in the mold. Finally, the reserved bolts are installed on the locator, and the mold is removed after pouring the concrete, completing the precise embedding of the reserved bolts.

[0179] On this basis, the factory pre-installed protective supports on the surface of the prefabricated components. First, the position and number of each reserved bolt were checked to ensure that they met the requirements of the detailed drawing of the guardrail. Then, the debris around the bolts was cleaned to ensure that the threads were intact. Next, the protective support was aligned with the reserved bolts, inserted and initially fixed with a wrench. Use a level to check the installation level of the support and make fine adjustments if necessary. Subsequently, tighten the bolts to the specified torque with a torque wrench to ensure a firm connection. Check the fit of the support with the surface of the prefabricated component to ensure that there is no obvious gap. Finally, anti-rust paint was applied to the surface of the support, and the installation position and quality of each support were recorded on the construction record sheet.

[0180] During the hoisting process of the prefabricated components, a climbing vehicle was used to assist. The project party selected a crawler tower crane with a rated lifting capacity of 30 tons and equipped it with a climbing vehicle with an 18-meter arm length. First, the hoisting equipment was fully inspected to confirm that it was intact. Then, the prefabricated components were reliably connected through the slings, and the tower crane was slowly started for hoisting. At the same time, the operator drove the climbing vehicle to the vicinity of the installation location of the prefabricated components. During the hoisting process, the tower crane driver and the climbing vehicle driver worked closely together to adjust the aerial posture of the prefabricated components so that they were fully aligned with the target position. After repeated confirmation, the prefabricated components were accurately placed and initially fixed with temporary fixings. Finally, the installation position and elevation of the components were checked to ensure that they met the design requirements.

[0181] After the main structure was hoisted, the protection system was immediately built. First, the standardized protection poles were checked to ensure that they were intact and without any deformation or damage. The bottom of the pole was aligned with the connection hole on the protection support, and M16 bolts were selected to pass through the connection. The bolts were initially tightened with a wrench, but a certain adjustment space was left. Subsequently, the verticality of the pole was checked with a level, and a 2° deflection was found. The contact surface between the pole and the support was fine-tuned to be completely vertical. According to the actual situation on site, the height of the pole was finally adjusted to 1500 mm. The connection bolts were tightened to 300 Nm with a torque wrench to ensure a firm and reliable connection.

[0182] After the poles were in place, the workers began to install protective wire ropes between the poles. First, the specifications of the wire rope were checked, which were 12 mm in diameter and 45 kN in breaking strength. One end of the rope was fixed to the pole at the starting end, and then passed through the fixing points of the middle poles in turn, and finally fixed the other end with a wire rope clamp on the terminal pole. The initial tension measured by the tension meter was 3 kN. By adjusting the clamp, the tension was gradually increased to 6 kN. At this time, the deflection of the wire rope in the middle of the span was measured to be 18 mm, which met the requirement of less than 20 mm. Finally, the firmness of all connection points was checked to ensure the formation of a reliable primary protection system.

[0183] Afterwards, the workers began to install the standardized protective panels. First, they confirmed that the horizontal members of the building side span were fully in place. Align the protective panels with a thickness of 20 mm and a height of 1200 mm with the installation position of the wire rope. Open the buckle on the upper part of the panel, buckle it on the upper wire rope, and then gently press it down to make it fit. Then open the lower buckle and buckle it on the lower wire rope. Check the verticality of the panel and find that the deviation is less than 2 mm, and no additional adjustment is required. Ensure that the overlap length between adjacent panels is not less than 100 mm. Finally, the installation position and status of each panel are recorded in the construction log.

[0184] After that, the workers started to install the bottom skirting board. First, the size of the skirting board was checked. It was 20 mm thick, 300 mm high and made of steel. The installation position of the skirting board was marked on the lower wire rope. The fixed clip was installed on the back of the skirting board to ensure a secure connection. Then the skirting board was aligned with the marked position and the clip was opened to buckle it on the wire rope. The level of the skirting board was adjusted so that it was completely parallel to the ground. The distance from the bottom edge of the skirting board to the ground was measured to be 320 mm, which met the requirement of not more than 350 mm. Check that there was no obvious gap between adjacent skirting boards. The installation height and coverage of the skirting board were recorded in the construction log.

[0185] After the construction of the above protection system, there were still some areas where the height of the bottom kick space exceeded the limit of 350 mm. For these areas, the workers took measures to add steel pipes. First, the size of the gap that needed to be filled was measured, and the maximum height reached 420 mm. Based on the measurement data, a steel pipe with a diameter of 48.3 mm and a wall thickness of 3.2 mm was selected. M16 threads were processed on the ends of the pipes to connect with the protection support. One end of the pipe was reliably connected to the lower support and tightened to 200 Nm with a torque wrench. The inclination angle of the pipe was adjusted so that it could be aligned with the upper support. Then the other end of the pipe was connected to the upper support and tightened to 200 Nm. The installation stability of the steel pipe was checked and it was found that it fit well with the surrounding components without obvious shaking. Finally, a layer of anti-rust paint was sprayed on all the newly added steel pipes to improve their durability.

[0186] After nearly three months of main structure construction and protection system construction, the entire prefabricated building project entered the interior and exterior construction stage. During this period, the protection system has been playing a key role and effectively ensuring the safety of personnel on the construction site. After all construction work was completed, the participating units organized personnel to dismantle the protection system in an orderly manner. First, the protective vertical panels and skirting boards were removed in sequence from the top floor. When removing the wire rope, the workers took a slow loosening approach to avoid injuries caused by the sudden release of its elastic force. Subsequently, the protective vertical poles were dismantled and separated from the supports. For the steel pipes that fill the gaps, they were removed first, and then the protective supports were removed. During the dismantling process, the workers cleaned and simply repaired the reusable parts to prepare for the use of the next project. The entire dismantling operation lasted for 2 weeks without any safety accidents.

[0187] By implementing this prefabricated building without external frame construction plan, the project has greatly improved the overall construction efficiency while ensuring construction safety. According to statistics, compared with the traditional external protective frame, this plan saved a total of 8.5 million yuan in direct costs and shortened the construction period by 1 month. At the same time, the reliability of the protection system has also been effectively guaranteed.

[0188] Embodiment 2:

[0189] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a second embodiment of a method for constructing a prefabricated building without external scaffolding provided by the present invention. In this embodiment, the following steps are included:

[0190] S10. Accurately bury the reserved bolts during the production process of prefabricated components in the factory according to the detailed drawing of the guardrail;

[0191] S20. Install protective supports on prefabricated components;

[0192] S30. Use a climbing vehicle to assist in hoisting the prefabricated components with protective supports to the designated location;

[0193] S40, connect the standardized protection pole to the protection support by bolts, adjust the protection pole to a vertical state, and adjust the height of the protection pole between 1000 and 1800 mm;

[0194] S50. Install protective steel wire ropes between protective poles and fix them with bolts, and control the deflection of the protective steel wire ropes in the middle of the span to be within 20 mm to form a primary protection system;

[0195] S60. After the horizontal components of the side span of the building are hoisted, the protective vertical plate is fixed to the protective steel wire rope through the upper and lower buckles of the standardized protective vertical plate;

[0196] S70. Fix the bottom skirting board to the lower protective steel wire rope through the standardized buckle, and control the height of the bottom skirting space within 350 mm;

[0197] S80. For the part exceeding the height of the bottom skirting space, steel pipes are connected to the protective support to eliminate the gap and form a secondary protection system;

[0198] S90, complete the post-construction work and dismantle the protection system after the construction is completed;

[0199] The installation room of the protective support adopts the method of combining genetic algorithm with finite element analysis to establish the protective support arrangement density function model; specifically including:

[0200] S21. Establish a protective bearing arrangement density function model: According to the building structure characteristics, load conditions and safety requirements, establish a multi-objective optimization model to express the relationship between the protective bearing arrangement density and the structural safety and economy;

[0201] S22, initializing the genetic algorithm population: generating a set of random protection support arrangement schemes, each of which represents a possible solution, including support spacing, quantity and position information;

[0202] S23. Conduct finite element analysis: Conduct finite element analysis on each layout scheme to calculate the mechanical performance indicators of the structure under various load conditions, including stress, deformation, displacement, strain energy and natural frequency;

[0203] S24. Evaluate fitness: Based on the results of finite element analysis, combined with safety requirements and economic considerations, calculate a fitness value for each layout scheme. The fitness function should take into account factors such as structural safety factor, material consumption, and construction difficulty;

[0204] S25, apply genetic algorithm operation: generate a new generation of layout schemes through genetic operations of selection, crossover and mutation;

[0205] S26. Repeat steps S23-S25 until the preset termination condition is reached, and finally the optimal protective support arrangement scheme is obtained.

[0206] Among them, in the above technical solution, step S10 specifically includes:

[0207] Step 101: Determine the layout, spacing and height requirements of the guardrails according to the architectural design drawings and structural calculations;

[0208] Step 102: Using 3D modeling software, establish a building information model including the guardrail;

[0209] Step 103: Mark the precise position coordinates of the reserved bolts in the building information model;

[0210] Step 104, generating a detailed drawing of the guardrail, including a plan layout drawing, an elevation drawing and a node detail drawing of the reserved bolts;

[0211] Step 105, inputting the detailed drawing of the guardrail into the numerical control system of the prefabricated component production line;

[0212] Step 106: In the prefabricated component mold, according to the instruction of the numerical control system, a reserved bolt locator is placed;

[0213] Step 107, install the reserved bolts on the positioner and fix its position;

[0214] Step 108: pour concrete, remove the formwork after the concrete reaches a certain strength, and complete the precise embedding of the reserved bolts.

[0215] The specific implementation method of step S10 is to first determine the layout position, spacing and height requirements of the guardrail according to the architectural design drawings and structural calculation books. Then use the three-dimensional modeling software to establish a building information model containing the guardrail. Next, in the building information model, mark the precise position coordinates of the reserved bolts. After that, generate a detailed drawing of the guardrail, including the plan layout, elevation and node details of the reserved bolts. Input the detailed drawing of the guardrail into the numerical control system of the prefabricated component production line. In the prefabricated component mold, place the reserved bolt locator according to the instructions of the numerical control system. Install the reserved bolt on the locator and fix its position. Finally, pour the concrete, remove the mold after the concrete reaches a certain strength, and complete the precise embedding of the reserved bolts.

[0216] The purpose of this step is to accurately embed the reserved bolts in the component mold according to the design requirements of the guardrail during the prefabricated component production stage, laying the foundation for the subsequent installation of the protective support. The specific algorithms used include:

[0217] 1. Three-dimensional modeling algorithm: Use BIM modeling software, such as Revit, ArchiCAD, etc., to establish a building information model including guardrails to provide data support for subsequent positioning of reserved bolts.

[0218] 2. Numerical control (NC) processing algorithm: The dimensional parameters of the guardrail detailed drawing are input into the CNC system of the prefabricated component production line to guide the automatic placement of the reserved bolt locators, thereby achieving precise embedding.

[0219] 3. Finite element analysis algorithm: During the simulation and analysis stage of prefabricated components, the finite element analysis method is used to calculate the stress conditions and strength requirements of reserved bolts, providing a basis for the bolt size and arrangement.

[0220] Through the application of the above algorithm, it can be ensured that during the production process of prefabricated components, the parameters such as the position, quantity and size of the reserved bolts are fully matched with the design requirements of the guardrails, laying the foundation for subsequent installation work.

[0221] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, step S20 specifically includes:

[0222] Step 201, check whether the position and quantity of the reserved bolts on the prefabricated components meet the requirements of the guardrail detailed drawing;

[0223] Step 202: clean up the debris around the reserved bolts to ensure that the threads are intact;

[0224] Step 203, align the protective support with the reserved bolts, insert the bolts and initially secure them with a wrench;

[0225] Step 204: Use a level to check the levelness of the protective support and make fine adjustments if necessary;

[0226] Step 205: Tighten the bolts to a specified torque value using a torque wrench to ensure a secure connection;

[0227] Step 206: Check the fit between the protective support and the surface of the prefabricated component to ensure that there is no obvious gap;

[0228] Step 207, applying anti-rust paint on the protective support to prevent later rust;

[0229] Step 208: Record the installation position and installation quality of each protective support in the construction record sheet.

[0230] The specific implementation method of step S20 is to first check whether the position and number of the reserved bolts on the prefabricated components meet the requirements of the detailed drawing of the guardrail. Then clean up the debris around the reserved bolts to ensure that the threads are intact. Align the protective support with the reserved bolts, insert the bolts and initially secure them with a wrench. Use a spirit level to check the levelness of the protective support and make fine adjustments if necessary. Use a torque wrench to tighten the bolts to the specified torque value to ensure a firm connection. Check the fit between the protective support and the surface of the prefabricated component to ensure that there is no obvious gap. Apply anti-rust paint on the protective support to prevent later rust. Finally, record the installation position and installation quality of each protective support in the construction record sheet.

[0231] The purpose of this step is to pre-install the protective support on the prefabricated components, laying the foundation for the subsequent lifting and protection system construction. The main algorithms involved include:

[0232] 1. Torque calculation algorithm: According to the material strength, thread size and other parameters of the bolt, calculate the appropriate tightening torque value to ensure that the bolt connection is firm and reliable.

[0233] 2. Deviation control algorithm: Use a spirit level to detect the installation level of the protective support, and correct it to meet the requirements through fine-tuning.

[0234] 3. Installation position optimization algorithm: Use the guardrail layout information in the building information model to optimize the installation position of each guard support to ensure the integrity of the subsequent protection system.

[0235] Through the application of the above algorithm, the installation quality of the protective bearing can be ensured, laying a solid foundation for the construction of the subsequent protection system.

[0236] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, step S30 specifically includes:

[0237] Step 301: Select a tower crane or truck crane of appropriate tonnage according to the lifting plan;

[0238] Step 302: Check the integrity of the spreader and reliably connect the spreader to the prefabricated component;

[0239] Step 303, slowly lifting the prefabricated component to ensure that the component rises smoothly;

[0240] Step 304: Simultaneously operate the aerial platform to move it to the vicinity of the prefabricated component installation location;

[0241] Step 305: Adjust the aerial posture of the prefabricated component so that it is aligned with the installation position;

[0242] Step 306: Arrange a dedicated person on the aerial platform to direct and coordinate the lifting process;

[0243] Step 307, accurately place the prefabricated components in place and fix them with temporary fixings;

[0244] Step 308: Review the position and elevation of the prefabricated components to ensure that they meet the design requirements;

[0245] Step 309: After the prefabricated components are installed stably, remove the hoisting equipment to complete the hoisting operation.

[0246] The specific implementation method of step S30 is to first select a tower crane or truck crane of appropriate tonnage according to the lifting plan. Check the integrity of the lifting equipment and reliably connect the lifting equipment to the prefabricated components. Slowly lift the prefabricated components to ensure that the components rise smoothly. At the same time, operate the aerial platform to move it to the vicinity of the installation position of the prefabricated components. Adjust the aerial posture of the prefabricated components to align them with the installation position. Arrange a dedicated person on the aerial platform to command and coordinate the lifting process. Accurately put the prefabricated components in place and fix them with temporary fixings. Review the position and elevation of the prefabricated components to ensure that they meet the design requirements. After the prefabricated components are installed stably, remove the lifting equipment to complete the lifting operation.

[0247] The purpose of this step is to accurately lift the prefabricated components with protective supports to the designated location with the help of auxiliary equipment such as aerial platforms. The main algorithms involved include:

[0248] 1. Hoisting path planning algorithm: Determine the optimal hoisting path based on site conditions, hoisting load and other factors to ensure construction safety and efficiency.

[0249] 2. Air attitude control algorithm: By adjusting the inclination angle and the position of the lifting point of the hoist, the attitude of the prefabricated component in the air can be accurately controlled to ensure that it is fully aligned with the target position when in place.

[0250] 3. Construction process optimization algorithm: optimize the moving path and speed of the aerial platform, coordinate the coordinated actions of the hoisting equipment and the aerial platform during the hoisting process, and improve the hoisting efficiency.

[0251] 4. Safety monitoring algorithm: Real-time monitoring of parameters such as lifting weight and lifting point force during the lifting process, and combined with safety thresholds, an early warning signal is issued to ensure the safety of the construction process.

[0252] Through the application of the above algorithm, the accurate positioning and stable placement of prefabricated components during the lifting process can be guaranteed, laying a good foundation for the construction of the subsequent protection system.

[0253] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, step S40 specifically includes:

[0254] Step 401, check the integrity of the standardized protective pole to ensure that there is no deformation or damage;

[0255] Step 402, align the bottom of the protective pole with the connection hole on the protective support;

[0256] Step 403: Select bolts of appropriate specifications, pass through the bottom of the protective pole and screw them into the protective support;

[0257] Step 404, preliminarily tighten the bolts with a wrench, but leave a certain adjustment space;

[0258] Step 405: Use a level ruler or a laser level to check the verticality of the protective pole;

[0259] Step 406: If tilt is found, adjust the contact surface between the bottom of the protective pole and the protective support until it is vertical;

[0260] Step 407: Adjust the height of the protective pole according to the actual situation on site and safety requirements;

[0261] Step 408: After the adjustment is completed, tighten the connecting bolts to the specified torque using a torque wrench;

[0262] Step 409: record the location and height data of each protective pole in the construction record sheet.

[0263] The specific implementation method of step S40 is to first check the integrity of the standardized protective pole to ensure that there is no deformation or damage. Align the bottom of the protective pole with the connection hole on the protective support, select bolts of appropriate specifications, pass through the bottom of the protective pole and screw them into the protective support. Use a wrench to preliminarily tighten the bolts, but leave a certain adjustment space. Use a spirit level or laser level to check the verticality of the protective pole. If tilt is found, adjust the contact surface between the bottom of the protective pole and the protective support until it is vertical. Adjust the height of the protective pole according to the actual situation on site and safety requirements. After the adjustment is completed, use a torque wrench to tighten the connecting bolts to the specified torque. Finally, record the position and height data of each protective pole in the construction record sheet.

[0264] The purpose of this step is to install standardized protective poles on prefabricated components to build the skeleton of the protection system. The main algorithms involved include:

[0265] 1. Verticality detection algorithm: Use a level ruler or laser level to detect the installation verticality of the protective pole, and make fine adjustments based on the test results to ensure that the pole is vertical.

[0266] 2. Height adjustment algorithm: According to the actual situation on site and safety requirements, the height of the pole is accurately controlled by adjusting the connection method between the bottom of the pole and the protective support.

[0267] 3. Torque control algorithm: Calculate the optimal tightening torque required for the connecting bolts to ensure a firm and reliable connection while avoiding deformation of the pole due to over-tightening.

[0268] 4. Data recording algorithm: Record key parameters such as the installation position and height of each protective pole in the construction log to provide a basis for subsequent maintenance and inspection.

[0269] Through the application of the above algorithm, the installation quality of the protective poles can be ensured, laying a solid foundation for the construction of the subsequent protection system.

[0270] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, step S50 specifically includes:

[0271] Step 501: Check whether the specification and strength of the protective steel wire rope meet the design requirements;

[0272] Step 502: fix one end of the protective steel wire rope to the protective pole at the starting end;

[0273] Step 503: Pass the steel wire rope through the fixed points on each of the protection poles in sequence along the arrangement direction of the protection poles;

[0274] Step 504: Fix the other end of the wire rope on the protective pole at the end point with a wire rope clamp;

[0275] Step 505: Use a tension meter to measure the initial tension of the wire rope and record the value;

[0276] Step 506: gradually increase the tension of the steel wire rope by adjusting the steel wire rope clamp;

[0277] Step 507, in the process of increasing the tension, measuring the deflection of the wire rope at the mid-span;

[0278] Step 508, repeatedly adjust until the deflection of the wire rope in the span is controlled within 20 mm;

[0279] Step 509: Finally, check the firmness of all connection points to ensure a stable primary protection system.

[0280] The specific implementation method of step S50 is to first check whether the specifications and strength of the protective wire rope meet the design requirements. Fix one end of the protective wire rope to the protective pole at the starting end, and then pass the wire rope through the fixed points on each protective pole in turn along the arrangement direction of the protective poles. On the protective pole at the end point, fix the other end of the wire rope with a wire rope clamp. Use a tension meter to measure the initial tension of the wire rope and record the value. By adjusting the wire rope clamp, gradually increase the tension of the wire rope. In the process of increasing the tension, measure the deflection of the wire rope in the middle of the span. Adjust repeatedly until the deflection of the wire rope in the middle of the span is controlled within 20 mm. Finally, check the firmness of all connection points to ensure the formation of a stable primary protection system.

[0281] The purpose of this step is to install protective wire ropes between protective poles to build a reliable primary protection system. The main algorithms involved include:

[0282] 1. Tension calculation algorithm: According to the material strength, geometric dimensions and other parameters of the wire rope, combined with the on-site load conditions, the optimal tension value required for the wire rope is calculated to ensure that its carrying capacity meets the requirements.

[0283] 2. Deflection optimization algorithm: By adjusting the tension of the wire rope, the deflection of the wire rope in the middle of the span is dynamically controlled to be within 20 mm to meet the requirements of safety and aesthetics.

[0284] 3. Connection reliability analysis algorithm: The finite element analysis method is used to perform stress analysis on each fixed point of the wire rope to ensure that the connection is firm and reliable without accidental breakage.

[0285] 4. Tension monitoring algorithm: Use the tension meter to monitor the tension changes of the wire rope in real time, detect abnormal conditions in time, and ensure the stability of the protection system.

[0286] Through the application of the above algorithm, the reasonable tension distribution and stable performance of the protective wire rope can be ensured, laying a solid foundation for the construction of the subsequent protection system.

[0287] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, step S60 specifically includes:

[0288] Step 601: Check whether the integrity and size of the standardized protective vertical plate meet the requirements;

[0289] Step 602, confirm that the horizontal members of the building side span have been fully hoisted into place and are stable;

[0290] Step 603, place the protective vertical plate close to the protective steel wire rope and align it with the installation position;

[0291] Step 604, open the buckle on the upper part of the protective vertical plate and buckle it on the upper protective wire rope;

[0292] Step 605, gently press down the protective vertical plate so that it is close to the wire rope under its own weight;

[0293] Step 606: Open the buckle at the bottom of the protective vertical plate and buckle it onto the lower protective wire rope;

[0294] Step 607, check the verticality of the protective vertical plate and make fine adjustments if necessary;

[0295] Step 608, ensuring that the overlap between adjacent protective vertical panels meets the design requirements;

[0296] Step 609: record the installation position and status of each protective vertical plate in the construction record sheet.

[0297] The specific implementation method of step S60 is to first check whether the integrity and size of the standardized protective vertical panels meet the requirements. Confirm that the horizontal components of the building side span have been completely hoisted into place and are stable. Move the protective vertical panels close to the protective wire rope and align them with the installation position. Open the buckle at the upper part of the protective vertical panel and buckle it on the upper protective wire rope. Gently press down the protective vertical panel so that it clings to the wire rope under the action of its own weight. Open the buckle at the bottom of the protective vertical panel and buckle it on the lower protective wire rope. Check the verticality of the protective vertical panel and make fine adjustments if necessary. Ensure that the overlap between adjacent protective vertical panels meets the design requirements. Finally, record the installation position and status of each protective vertical panel in the construction record sheet.

[0298] The purpose of this step is to install standardized protective panels on the protective wire rope to build a secondary protection system. The main algorithms involved include:

[0299] 1. Position alignment algorithm: According to the position of the horizontal components of the building side span, the optimal installation position of the protective vertical plate is calculated and accurately aligned to ensure that it is completely consistent with the wire rope.

[0300] 2. Verticality detection algorithm: Use tools such as a level to detect the installation verticality of the protective vertical plate, and correct it to verticality through fine-tuning.

[0301] 3. Overlap optimization algorithm: According to the size parameters of the protective vertical panels, the optimal overlap length between adjacent vertical panels is calculated to ensure the continuity of the overall protection effect.

[0302] 4. Installation record algorithm: Record key parameters such as the installation position and installation quality of each protective vertical board in the construction log to provide a basis for subsequent inspection and maintenance.

[0303] Through the application of the above algorithm, the installation quality of the protective facade can be ensured, a stable and reliable secondary protection system can be built, and effective safety protection can be provided for building construction.

[0304] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, step S70 specifically includes:

[0305] Step 701, check whether the size and material of the bottom skirting board meet the design requirements;

[0306] Step 702, marking the installation position of the skirting board on the lower protective wire rope;

[0307] Step 703, install the shaped buckle on the back of the skirting board to ensure a firm connection;

[0308] Step 704, place the skirting board close to the lower protective wire rope and align it with the installation position;

[0309] Step 705: open the stereotyped buckle and buckle it on the lower protective wire rope;

[0310] Step 706: Adjust the level of the skirting board to ensure that it is parallel to the ground;

[0311] Step 707, measure the distance from the bottom edge of the skirting board to the ground, and ensure that it does not exceed 350 mm;

[0312] Step 708, check the connection between adjacent skirting boards to ensure there is no obvious gap;

[0313] Step 709: Record the installation height and coverage of the skirting board in the construction record sheet.

[0314] The specific implementation method of step S70 is to first check whether the size and material of the bottom skirting board meet the design requirements. Mark the installation position of the skirting board on the lower protective wire rope. Install the standardized buckle on the back of the skirting board to ensure a firm connection. Bring the skirting board close to the lower protective wire rope and align it with the installation position. Open the standardized buckle and buckle it on the lower protective wire rope. Adjust the level of the skirting board to ensure that it is parallel to the ground. Measure the distance from the bottom edge of the skirting board to the ground to ensure that it does not exceed 350 mm. Check the connection between adjacent skirting boards to ensure that there is no obvious gap. Finally, record the installation height and coverage of the skirting board in the construction record sheet.

[0315] The purpose of this step is to install the bottom skirting board under the protective wire rope to form the integrity of the protection system. The main algorithms involved include:

[0316] 1. Installation position calculation algorithm: According to the layout of the protective wire rope, calculate the best installation position of the bottom skirting board to ensure that it is completely consistent with the wire rope.

[0317] 2. Level detection algorithm: Use tools such as a level to detect the installation level of the skirting board, and correct it to be completely level through fine-tuning.

[0318] 3. Height control algorithm: Measure the distance from the bottom edge of the skirting board to the ground and ensure that it is controlled within 350 mm to meet safety and convenience requirements.

[0319] 4. Connection optimization algorithm: Analyze the joints between adjacent skirting boards, optimize the snap-on connection method, and ensure the continuity of the overall protection effect.

[0320] 5. Installation record algorithm: Record key parameters such as the installation height and coverage of the skirting board in the construction log to provide a basis for later maintenance.

[0321] Through the application of the above algorithm, the installation quality of the bottom skirting board can be ensured, a complete and reliable protection system can be built, and the safety risks at the construction site can be minimized.

[0322] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, step S80 specifically includes:

[0323] Step 801, identifying the area where the height of the bottom kick space exceeds 350 mm;

[0324] Step 802: Measure the size of the gap to be filled and record the data;

[0325] Step 803: Select a steel pipe of appropriate diameter and length according to the measurement data;

[0326] Step 804: Process threads or weld connectors at both ends of the steel pipe to connect with the protective support;

[0327] Step 805: Connect one end of the steel pipe to the lower protective support and initially fix it;

[0328] Step 806, adjust the angle of the steel pipe so that it is aligned with the upper protective support;

[0329] Step 807: Connect the other end of the steel pipe to the upper protective support and tighten it;

[0330] Step 808: Check the stability of the steel pipe and its fit with surrounding components;

[0331] Step 809: Perform rust-proof treatment on all newly added steel pipes to ensure durability.

[0332] The specific implementation method of step S80 is to first identify the area where the height of the bottom skirting space exceeds 350 mm. Measure the size of the gap to be filled and record the data. According to the measured data, select a steel pipe of appropriate diameter and length. Process threads or weld connectors at both ends of the steel pipe to connect to the protective support. Connect one end of the steel pipe to the lower protective support and initially fix it. Adjust the angle of the steel pipe so that it is aligned with the upper protective support. Connect the other end of the steel pipe to the upper protective support and tighten it. Check the stability of the steel pipe and the degree of fit with the surrounding components. Finally, all newly added steel pipes are treated with rust prevention to ensure durability.

[0333] The purpose of this step is to use steel pipes to supplement the area where the bottom skirting space exceeds the required height to form a secondary protection system. The main algorithms involved include:

[0334] 1. Spatial measurement algorithm: Use manual measurement methods such as ruler measurement to accurately measure the size of the gap that needs to be filled, providing a basis for subsequent steel pipe selection.

[0335] 2. Connection optimization algorithm: According to the positional relationship between the upper and lower protective supports, the optimal length and installation angle of the steel pipe are calculated to ensure that it can be firmly connected.

[0336] 3. Strength verification algorithm: The finite element analysis method is used to evaluate the stress, deformation and other mechanical performance indicators of the newly added steel pipe under various loads to ensure that it meets the strength requirements.

[0337] 4. Durability protection algorithm: Select appropriate anti-rust paint to protect the surface of the steel pipe to improve its corrosion resistance and ensure the long-term use of the protection system.

[0338] Through the application of the above algorithm, it is possible to install additional steel pipes in areas where the bottom skirting space is insufficient in height, build a stable and reliable secondary protection system, and further improve the overall protection effect.

[0339] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, step S90 specifically includes:

[0340] Step 901: confirm that all construction work has been completed and obtain demolition permit;

[0341] Step 902: Develop a detailed protection system dismantling plan, including dismantling sequence and safety measures;

[0342] Step 903, starting from the top floor, remove the protective vertical panels and skirting boards in sequence;

[0343] Step 904, carefully loosen and remove the protective wire rope, taking care to avoid it from bouncing up suddenly;

[0344] Step 905: dismantle the protective upright pole and separate it from the protective support;

[0345] Step 906: remove the steel pipe used to fill the gap and restore the original structure;

[0346] Step 907, finally remove the protective support and repair the surface of the prefabricated component if necessary;

[0347] Step 908: Count and sort all the removed protective parts;

[0348] Step 909: Clean and maintain the reusable parts to prepare for next use.

[0349] The specific implementation method of step S90 is to first confirm that all construction work has been completed and obtain demolition permission. Develop a detailed protection system demolition plan, including demolition sequence and safety measures. Starting from the top floor, remove the protective panels and skirting boards in sequence. Carefully loosen and remove the protective wire rope, taking care to avoid it from bouncing up suddenly. Disassemble the protective poles and separate them from the protective supports. Remove the steel pipes used to fill the gaps and restore the original structure. Finally, remove the protective supports and repair the surface of the prefabricated components if necessary. Count and sort all the removed protective components. Clean and maintain the reusable parts in preparation for the next use.

[0350] The purpose of this step is to dismantle the entire protection system in an orderly manner after the construction is completed, restore the building structure, and maintain and preserve the removed protection components. The main algorithms involved include:

[0351] 1. Demolition sequence optimization algorithm: According to the hierarchical relationship of the protection system and the interdependence of components, the optimal demolition sequence is formulated to ensure the safety and efficiency of the demolition process.

[0352] 2. Elastic force control algorithm: When loosening the protective wire rope, use slow operation and limit the tension to prevent it from suddenly bouncing up and causing personal injury or equipment damage.

[0353] 3. Dismantling record algorithm: Keep detailed records of various types of dismantled protective components, including quantity, status and other information, to provide a basis for subsequent maintenance and storage.

[0354] 4. Component maintenance algorithm: According to the characteristics of protective components of different materials and structures, formulate appropriate cleaning and maintenance methods to extend their service life.

[0355] Through the application of the above algorithm, the safety and efficiency of the protection system dismantling process can be ensured, and the dismantled parts can be properly stored to make full preparations for the next construction.

[0356] Specifically, the principle of the present invention is:

[0357] The core technical idea of ​​the prefabricated building construction method without external frame in the present invention is to prefabricate and preinstall the protection support system in the prefabricated component production stage, so that it can be carried out simultaneously with the hoisting and installation of the main structure, thereby realizing the construction without external frame. The key to this idea is to make full use of the advantages of factory production and improve the controllability and integration of each key link;

[0358] First, the reserved bolts are accurately buried during the production process of prefabricated components. The key to this step is to convert the design parameters of the guardrail detailed drawing, such as position and spacing, into CNC machining instructions through 3D modeling technology, so as to accurately place the bolt locators inside the prefabricated component mold to ensure that the subsequent installation of the protective support can be completely consistent. This prefabrication method avoids the problem of disconnection between the protective support and the main structure construction in traditional practices, and lays the foundation for the overall installation of the subsequent protection system;

[0359] Secondly, the protective bearings are pre-installed on the prefabricated components. As the basis of the entire protection system, the layout density and installation quality of the protective bearings directly determine the stability and reliability of the protection system. The present invention adopts a method combining genetic algorithm with finite element analysis to establish a multi-objective optimization model. After weighing factors such as structural safety and economy, the optimal layout of the protective bearings is obtained. This design method based on numerical simulation not only improves the scientific nature of the protection plan, but also lays a foundation for the subsequent construction quality control;

[0360] Thirdly, during the main structure hoisting process, the prefabricated components with pre-installed protective supports are precisely positioned with the help of auxiliary equipment such as aerial platforms. The key to this step is to optimize the hoisting path, control the component posture, and ensure that the components can be stably installed in place, creating good prerequisites for the subsequent construction of the protection system;

[0361] Afterwards, standardized protective poles, protective wire ropes, protective plates and other components are installed on the prefabricated components to form a multi-level protection system. Among them, key links such as the vertical adjustment of the protective poles, the tension control of the protective wire ropes, and the overlap design of the protective plates have fully utilized relevant mathematical modeling and algorithm optimization methods to ensure the stability and safety of the entire protection system;

[0362] Finally, after the construction work was completed, the entire protection system was dismantled in an orderly manner according to the established dismantling plan. In this process, the reusability of the protection components was fully considered, and corresponding maintenance measures were taken to maximize the recyclability advantages of prefabricated components.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an assembled building without external frame, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10. Accurately bury the reserved bolts during the production process of prefabricated components in the factory according to the detailed drawing of the guardrail; S20. Install protective supports on prefabricated components; S30, using a climbing vehicle to assist in hoisting the prefabricated component with the protective support to a designated location; S40, connecting the standardized protection pole to the protection support by means of bolts, adjusting the protection pole to a vertical state, wherein the height of the protection pole is adjusted between 1000 and 1800 mm; S50, installing protective steel wire ropes between the protective poles and fixing them with bolts, controlling the downward deflection of the protective steel wire ropes in the span to be within 20 mm, and forming a primary protection system; S60, after the horizontal member of the side span of the building is hoisted, the protective vertical plate is fixed to the protective steel wire rope through the upper and lower buckles of the standardized protective vertical plate; S70, fixing the bottom skirting board to the lower protective steel wire rope by means of a shaped buckle, and controlling the height of the bottom skirting space within 350 mm; S80. The portion exceeding the height of the bottom skirting space is connected to the protection support by a steel pipe to eliminate the gap, thereby forming a secondary protection system; S90, completing the post-construction work and dismantling the protection system after the construction is completed; The installation room of the protection support is obtained by introducing a method combining genetic algorithm with finite element analysis to establish a protection support arrangement density function model; specifically including: S21. Establish a protective bearing arrangement density function model: According to the building structure characteristics, load conditions and safety requirements, establish a multi-objective optimization model to express the relationship between the protective bearing arrangement density and the structural safety and economy; S22, initializing the genetic algorithm population: generating a set of random protection support arrangement schemes, each of which represents a possible solution, including support spacing, quantity and position information; S23. Conduct finite element analysis: Conduct finite element analysis on each layout scheme to calculate the mechanical performance indicators of the structure under various load conditions, including stress, deformation, displacement, strain energy and natural frequency; S24, evaluate fitness: according to the finite element analysis results, combined with safety requirements and economic considerations, calculate a fitness value for each layout scheme. The fitness function should consider the structural safety factor, material consumption, and construction difficulty factors; S25, apply genetic algorithm operation: generate a new generation of layout schemes through genetic operations of selection, crossover and mutation; S26. Repeat steps S23-S25 until the preset termination condition is reached, and finally the optimal protective support arrangement scheme is obtained.

2. The method for constructing a prefabricated building without external frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of S10 include: Step 101: Determine the layout, spacing and height requirements of the guardrails according to the architectural design drawings and structural calculations; Step 102: Using 3D modeling software, establish a building information model including the guardrail; Step 103: marking the precise position coordinates of the reserved bolts in the building information model; Step 104, generating a detailed drawing of the guardrail, including a plan layout drawing, an elevation drawing and a node detail drawing of the reserved bolts; Step 105, inputting the detailed drawing of the guardrail into the numerical control system of the prefabricated component production line; Step 106: placing a reserved bolt locator in the prefabricated component mold according to the instruction of the numerical control system; Step 107, installing the reserved bolts on the positioner and fixing its position; Step 108: pour concrete, remove the formwork after the concrete reaches a certain strength, and complete the precise embedding of the reserved bolts.

3. The method for constructing a prefabricated building without external frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps of S20 include: Step 201, check whether the position and quantity of the reserved bolts on the prefabricated components meet the requirements of the guardrail detailed drawing; Step 202: clean up the debris around the reserved bolts to ensure that the threads are intact; Step 203, align the protective support with the reserved bolts, insert the bolts and initially secure them with a wrench; Step 204: Use a level to check the levelness of the protective support and make fine adjustments if necessary; Step 205: Tighten the bolts to a specified torque value using a torque wrench to ensure a secure connection; Step 206: Check the fit between the protective support and the surface of the prefabricated component to ensure that there is no obvious gap; Step 207, applying anti-rust paint on the protective support to prevent later rust; Step 208: Record the installation position and installation quality of each protective support in the construction record sheet.

4. The method for constructing a prefabricated building without external frame according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific steps of S30 include: Step 301: Select a tower crane or truck crane of appropriate tonnage according to the lifting plan; Step 302: Check the integrity of the spreader and reliably connect the spreader to the prefabricated component; Step 303, slowly lifting the prefabricated component to ensure that the component rises smoothly; Step 304: Simultaneously operate the aerial platform to move it to the vicinity of the prefabricated component installation location; Step 305: Adjust the aerial posture of the prefabricated component so that it is aligned with the installation position; Step 306: Arrange a dedicated person on the aerial platform to direct and coordinate the lifting process; Step 307, accurately place the prefabricated components in place and fix them with temporary fixings; Step 308: Review the position and elevation of the prefabricated components to ensure that they meet the design requirements; Step 309: After the prefabricated components are installed stably, remove the hoisting equipment to complete the hoisting operation.

5. The method for constructing a prefabricated building without external frame according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps of S40 include: Step 401, check the integrity of the standardized protective pole to ensure that there is no deformation or damage; Step 402, align the bottom of the protective pole with the connection hole on the protective support; Step 403: Select bolts of appropriate specifications, pass through the bottom of the protective pole and screw them into the protective support; Step 404: Preliminarily tighten the bolts with a wrench, but leave a certain adjustment space; Step 405: Use a level ruler or a laser level to check the verticality of the protective pole; Step 406: If tilt is found, adjust the contact surface between the bottom of the protective pole and the protective support until it is vertical; Step 407: Adjust the height of the protective pole according to the actual situation on site and safety requirements; Step 408: After the adjustment is completed, tighten the connecting bolts to the specified torque using a torque wrench; Step 409: record the location and height data of each protective pole in the construction record sheet.

6. The method for constructing a prefabricated building without external frame according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps of S50 include: Step 501: Check whether the specification and strength of the protective steel wire rope meet the design requirements; Step 502: fix one end of the protective steel wire rope to the protective pole at the starting end; Step 503: Pass the steel wire rope through the fixed points on each of the protection poles in sequence along the arrangement direction of the protection poles; Step 504: Fix the other end of the wire rope on the protective pole at the end point with a wire rope clamp; Step 505: Use a tension meter to measure the initial tension of the wire rope and record the value; Step 506: gradually increase the tension of the steel wire rope by adjusting the steel wire rope clamp; Step 507, in the process of increasing the tension, measuring the deflection of the wire rope at the mid-span; Step 508, repeatedly adjust until the deflection of the wire rope in the span is controlled within 20 mm; Step 509: Finally, check the firmness of all connection points to ensure a stable primary protection system.

7. The method for constructing a prefabricated building without external frame according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific steps of S60 include: Step 601: Check whether the integrity and size of the standardized protective vertical plate meet the requirements; Step 602, confirm that the horizontal members of the building side span have been fully hoisted into place and are stable; Step 603, place the protective vertical plate close to the protective steel wire rope and align it with the installation position; Step 604, open the buckle on the upper part of the protective vertical plate and buckle it on the upper protective wire rope; Step 605, gently press down the protective vertical plate so that it is close to the wire rope under its own weight; Step 606: Open the buckle at the bottom of the protective vertical plate and buckle it onto the lower protective wire rope; Step 607, check the verticality of the protective vertical plate and make fine adjustments if necessary; Step 608, ensuring that the overlap between adjacent protective vertical panels meets the design requirements; Step 609: record the installation position and status of each protective vertical plate in the construction record sheet.

8. The method for constructing a prefabricated building without external frame according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific steps of S70 include: Step 701, check whether the size and material of the bottom skirting board meet the design requirements; Step 702, marking the installation position of the skirting board on the lower protective wire rope; Step 703, install the shaped buckle on the back of the skirting board to ensure a firm connection; Step 704, place the skirting board close to the lower protective wire rope and align it with the installation position; Step 705: open the stereotyped buckle and buckle it on the lower protective wire rope; Step 706: Adjust the level of the skirting board to ensure that it is parallel to the ground; Step 707, measure the distance from the bottom edge of the skirting board to the ground, and ensure that it does not exceed 350 mm; Step 708, check the connection between adjacent skirting boards to ensure there is no obvious gap; Step 709: Record the installation height and coverage of the skirting board in the construction record sheet.

9. The method for constructing a prefabricated building without external frame according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific steps of S80 include: Step 801, identifying the area where the height of the bottom kick space exceeds 350 mm; Step 802: Measure the size of the gap to be filled and record the data; Step 803: Select a steel pipe of appropriate diameter and length according to the measurement data; Step 804: Process threads or weld connectors at both ends of the steel pipe to connect with the protective support; Step 805: Connect one end of the steel pipe to the lower protective support and initially fix it; Step 806, adjust the angle of the steel pipe so that it is aligned with the upper protective support; Step 807: Connect the other end of the steel pipe to the upper protective support and tighten it; Step 808: Check the stability of the steel pipe and its fit with surrounding components; Step 809: Perform rust-proof treatment on all newly added steel pipes to ensure durability.

10. The method for constructing a prefabricated building without external frame according to claim 9, characterized in that: The S90 specifically includes the following steps: Step 901: confirm that all construction work has been completed and obtain demolition permit; Step 902: Develop a detailed protection system dismantling plan, including dismantling sequence and safety measures; Step 903, starting from the top floor, remove the protective vertical panels and skirting boards in sequence; Step 904, carefully loosen and remove the protective wire rope, taking care to avoid it from bouncing up suddenly; Step 905: dismantle the protective upright pole and separate it from the protective support; Step 906: remove the steel pipe used to fill the gap and restore the original structure; Step 907, finally remove the protective support and repair the surface of the prefabricated component if necessary; Step 908: Count and sort all the removed protective parts; Step 909: Clean and maintain the reusable parts to prepare for next use.

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