Small rotary steering tool for ultra-short radius sidetrack drilling and steering system of small rotary steering tool

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-short radius sidetracking small rotary steering tool and a steering system thereof, which are particularly suitable for directional drilling operation in the fields of mining industry, oil exploration and the like. The guiding system comprises a planetary gear train, three crankshafts, piston cylinders, a measurement control unit, a locking mechanism, a sensor device and a drill bit device, wherein the three crankshafts are coaxially arranged and evenly distributed on the circumference, and each piston cylinder is connected with the corresponding crankshaft. The planetary gear train is composed of an outer gear ring, an inner gear ring and three planetary gears, the outer gear ring is driven by a driving source to rotate, and the planetary gears move under the action of the outer gear ring and the inner gear ring to drive the crankshaft to rotate. The periodical rotation of the crankshaft enables the piston to do linear reciprocating motion in the radius direction, and then the drill bit is controlled to achieve continuous deflecting and horizontal drilling. The measurement control unit monitors the drilling direction, the drilling depth and the stress condition in real time through a sensor, the working states of the driving source and the piston cylinder are adjusted, and accurate control and dynamic adjustment of the drilling direction are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a guide tool and a system, in particular to an ultra-short radius side-drilling small rotary guide tool and a guide system thereof suitable for industries such as mining and oil exploration, and belongs to the technical field of drilling tools. Background Art

[0002] Directional drilling technology is widely used in fields such as mining and oil exploration to improve drilling efficiency and drilling accuracy. Traditional rotary steerable tools usually rely on a single drive system to change the drilling direction by adjusting the drill bit angle or applying external force. However, the existing technology has the following shortcomings:

[0003] 1. Traditional directional tools usually require multiple mechanical parts to work together, resulting in a complex overall structure, increasing the weight and volume of the equipment, and not conducive to operation in narrow or complex drilling environments.

[0004] 2. Due to reliance on a single drive system, existing guidance tools often have problems such as unstable control and slow response speed when dynamically adjusting the drilling direction, making it difficult to achieve high-precision directional drilling.

[0005] 3. Under different geological conditions, the stress conditions and drilling direction requirements during drilling may change. Traditional guidance tools are difficult to quickly adapt to these changes, resulting in reduced drilling efficiency and safety.

[0006] 4. Due to the large structure and the inadequate optimization of the control system, the existing guidance tools often consume a lot of energy during operation, which increases the drilling cost.

[0007] In view of the above problems, there is an urgent need for a directional drilling steering tool with compact structure, precise control, strong adaptability and efficient power conversion. In the prior art, although some steering tools try to improve the control accuracy through multi-axis drive or integrated sensors, there are still technical bottlenecks in achieving ultra-short radius, miniaturization of structure and dynamic adjustment of drilling direction. Therefore, the development of a new type of ultra-short radius side-drilling small rotary steering tool that integrates planetary gear transmission, multi-crankshaft drive and advanced measurement and control system is of great significance to improve the efficiency and accuracy of directional drilling.

[0008] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art by adopting a coordinated working mechanism of a planetary gear train and a multi-crankshaft drive, combined with a real-time measurement control unit, to achieve precise directional control and power conversion of the drill bit during the drilling process. The guide tool has a compact structure and a highly integrated control system. It can maintain a stable drilling direction and an efficient working state under complex geological conditions, and has broad application prospects and significant technical advantages. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the above shortcomings, the present invention proposes an ultra-short radius sidetracking small rotary steering tool and its steering system, which realizes efficient, accurate and adaptable drilling steering through the following technical means:

[0010] A small rotary guide tool for side drilling with an ultra-short radius, comprising a drill bit device; a guide tool assembly; the guide tool assembly has a planetary gear system; the planetary gear system is coaxially arranged in the drill bit device; the planetary gear system has an outer ring gear, an inner ring gear and a plurality of planetary gears; each of the planetary gears is connected to a corresponding piston cylinder through a connecting rod mechanism; each of the piston cylinders reciprocates linearly along the radius direction of the outer ring gear; and also comprises a driving source, a locking mechanism, a measurement control unit and a plurality of sensor devices

[0011] Furthermore, the number of teeth of the outer ring gear, the number of teeth of the inner ring gear and the number of teeth of the planetary gear satisfy the formula Zr=Zi+2Zp, wherein Zr is the number of teeth of the outer ring gear, Zi is the number of teeth of the inner ring gear, and Zp is the number of teeth of the planetary gear.

[0012] Furthermore, the connecting rod mechanism includes a first crankshaft, a second crankshaft and a third crankshaft; the piston cylinder includes a first piston cylinder, a second piston cylinder and a third piston cylinder; the first crankshaft, the second crankshaft and the third crankshaft are respectively connected to the first piston cylinder, the second piston cylinder and the third piston cylinder through the corresponding first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod; the first crankshaft, the second crankshaft and the third crankshaft are respectively connected to the corresponding planetary gears.

[0013] Furthermore, the locking mechanism includes an adjusting device and a locking device; the adjusting device corresponds to the first piston cylinder, the second piston cylinder and the third piston cylinder one by one; the first piston cylinder, the second piston cylinder and the third piston cylinder are plugged into the adjusting device.

[0014] Furthermore, the driving source includes an electric motor or a hydraulic driving device.

[0015] Furthermore, the sensor device includes a gyroscope, an accelerometer and a pressure sensor, which are respectively used to monitor the drilling direction, inclination, drilling depth and drill bit stress in real time.

[0016] Furthermore, the measurement control unit includes a microprocessor; the microcontroller has a built-in control algorithm module.

[0017] Furthermore, the drill bit device is an angle-adjustable drill bit.

[0018] Furthermore, the planetary gear train also includes a gear pre-tightening device; the planetary gear train is made of alloy steel and is carburized and quenched.

[0019] Furthermore, the driving source is connected to the outer ring gear; the measuring control unit is respectively connected to the locking mechanism, driving source, piston cylinder and sensor, and adjusts the working state of the driving source and piston cylinder according to the drilling direction, depth and force conditions.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] Planetary gear train: Adopt planetary gear transmission structure to achieve efficient power conversion and precise meshing between gears, reduce structural complexity and reduce equipment weight.

[0022] Multi-crankshaft drive system: Equipped with three evenly distributed crankshafts, the piston cylinder is driven synchronously to achieve precise deflection and recovery of the drill bit, thereby improving control accuracy.

[0023] Advanced measurement control unit: Integrates multiple sensors to monitor drilling status in real time, uses microprocessors and control algorithms to dynamically adjust the working status of the drive source and piston cylinder to improve drilling adaptability and stability.

[0024] Locking mechanism and adjustment function: The locking mechanism can not only lock the inner ring gear to achieve the horizontal drilling mode of the drill bit, but also adjust the rotation angle of the inner ring gear to further control the retraction and extension of the guide block, thereby enhancing the functional diversity of the tool.

[0025] High-strength gear material and heat treatment: The gears are made of high-strength alloy steel and are carburized and quenched to improve the wear resistance and strength of the gears and ensure long-term stable operation.

[0026] The design and functions of each component are as follows:

[0027] Planetary gear train design: The planetary gear train consists of an outer ring gear, an inner ring gear and three planetary gears. The three planetary gears are evenly distributed on the planet carrier to ensure precise meshing between gears. The number of teeth is designed to meet the formula Zr = Zi + 2Zp, where Zr is the number of teeth of the outer ring gear, Zi is the number of teeth of the inner ring gear, and Zp is the number of teeth of the planetary gear. Function: The planetary gear train realizes efficient power transmission and uniform load distribution between gears, ensuring stable power output during drilling and long-life operation of the gear system. Beneficial effects: The planetary gear transmission structure reduces the number and complexity of mechanical components, reduces equipment weight, and improves transmission efficiency and durability of the gear system.

[0028] Crankshaft and piston cylinder design: Three crankshafts are configured, evenly distributed on the circumference, with a center angle interval of 120°, coaxial with the three planetary gears. Each crankshaft is connected to a piston cylinder through a connecting rod to ensure that the piston can perform periodic linear reciprocating motion along the radial direction. Function: The multi-crankshaft drive system achieves continuous deflection and recovery of the drill bit by synchronously controlling the expansion and contraction of the piston cylinder, ensuring precise control of the drilling direction. Beneficial effects: Through the coordinated work of the three crankshafts, the stability and accuracy of the drill bit deflection are improved, the unbalanced load caused by a single crankshaft is reduced, and the service life of the system is extended.

[0029] Drive source design: The drive source includes an electric motor or a hydraulic drive device, which can adjust the rotation speed of the outer ring gear. Function: The drive source is responsible for driving the outer ring gear to rotate, and by adjusting the rotation speed, the movement rate of the planetary gear is controlled, and then the reciprocating frequency of the piston cylinder is adjusted to achieve dynamic adjustment and efficient power conversion during drilling. Beneficial effect: Through the adjustable speed drive source, the steering tool can flexibly adjust the working state according to the drilling needs, improving the drilling efficiency and energy consumption management capabilities.

[0030] Sensor device design: The sensor device includes a gyroscope, an accelerometer and a pressure sensor, which are used to monitor the drilling direction, inclination, drilling depth and drill bit stress in real time. Function: The sensor collects key parameters in the drilling process in real time and transmits the data to the measurement control unit as an important basis for dynamically adjusting the drilling direction and control system. Beneficial effects: Through real-time monitoring and data feedback, the direction control and force management during the drilling process are ensured, and the stability and safety of the drilling operation are improved.

[0031] Design of measurement control unit: The measurement control unit includes a microprocessor and a preset control algorithm, which is responsible for processing real-time signals from sensors and dynamically adjusting the working state of the drive source and piston cylinder according to the processing results. Function: The measurement control unit accurately controls the rotation speed of the outer ring gear and the expansion and contraction frequency of the piston cylinder by analyzing sensor data, thereby achieving precise control and dynamic adjustment of the drilling direction. Beneficial effects: The intelligent level of the steering tool is improved, enabling it to dynamically adjust its working state according to real-time monitoring data, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of drilling operations.

[0032] Drill bit device design: The drill bit device includes an adjustable angle drill bit, which can achieve continuous deflection and angle adjustment through synchronous control of the piston cylinder. Function: The angle of the drill bit can be fine-tuned according to the drilling requirements to ensure that the drill bit drills efficiently in the predetermined direction and improves the accuracy and drilling efficiency of the drilling path. Beneficial effects: Through the adjustable angle drill bit, flexible control of the drilling direction is achieved, the accuracy and drilling efficiency of the drilling path are improved, and it can adapt to different drilling requirements.

[0033] Gear preload device design: The planetary gear system includes a gear preload device, which applies appropriate preload force to ensure the meshing accuracy and transmission stability of the planetary gear and the outer ring gear and inner ring gear during operation. Function: The gear preload device eliminates the gear meshing clearance, reduces the vibration and wear of the gear under high load, and improves the overall efficiency and service life of the transmission system. Beneficial effects: Improves the stability and accuracy of gear transmission, reduces gear wear and failure rate, extends the service life of the guide tool, and ensures long-term stable operation.

[0034] Gear material and heat treatment design: The planetary gear system is made of high-strength alloy steel and is carburized and quenched to improve the wear resistance and strength of the gear. Function: High-strength alloy steel material provides excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance, and carburized quenching treatment further improves the hardness and wear resistance of the gear surface, ensuring the stability and reliability of the gear in long-term use. Beneficial effects: By selecting high-strength materials and optimizing heat treatment processes, the durability and stability of the gear system are improved, the service life of the gear is extended, and the reliable operation of the guide tool under high-load working conditions is ensured.

[0035] System integration and control design: The steering tool achieves precise directional control and efficient power conversion of the drill bit through the high integration of planetary gear train, multi-crankshaft drive system, locking mechanism, sensor device and measurement control unit. Function: The system has a compact structure and functional modular design, which is convenient for maintenance and upgrading. The integration of measurement control unit and sensor device enables the steering tool to have intelligent control capability and dynamically adjust the drilling direction according to real-time monitoring data. Beneficial effects: The overall performance and adaptability of the steering tool are improved, the maintenance process is simplified, the reliability and stability of the system are enhanced, and it can meet the efficient operation requirements in various complex drilling environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the guide tool adjustment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention in an extended state;

[0037] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the guide tool adjustment device in a retracted state;

[0038] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the stereoscopic structure of the guide tool adjustment device in a retracted state from another perspective;

[0039] Figure 4 is a framework diagram of a measurement control system provided for one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a multi-crankshaft drive system;

[0041] Figure 6 yes Figure 3 Another angle diagram of the multi-crankshaft drive system;

[0042] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1-guide tool assembly, 1-1 planetary gear train, 1-11 outer ring gear, 1-12 inner ring gear, 1-13 planetary gear, 1-14 planetary carrier, 1-15 gear preload device, 1-2 connecting rod mechanism, 1-21 first crankshaft, 1-22 second crankshaft, 1-23 third crankshaft, 1-3 piston cylinder, 1-31 first piston cylinder, 1-32 second piston cylinder, 1-33 third piston cylinder, 1-41 first connecting rod, 1-42 second Connecting rod, 1-43 third connecting rod, 1-5 locking mechanism, 1-51 locking device, 1-52 adjusting device, 1-6 driving source, 1-61 electric motor, 1-62 hydraulic driving device, 1-7 measuring control unit, 1-71 microprocessor, 1-72 control algorithm module, 1-8 sensor device, 1-81 gyroscope, 1-82 accelerometer, 1-83 pressure sensor, 1-9 drill device, 1-91 adjustable angle drill, 1-92 drill bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0044] A small rotary guide tool for side drilling with an ultra-short radius, comprising a drill bit device 1-9; also comprising a guide tool assembly 1; the guide tool assembly 1 having a planetary gear train 1-1; the planetary gear train 1-1 being coaxially arranged in the drill bit device 1-9; the planetary gear train 1-1 having an outer ring gear 1-11, an inner ring gear 1-12 and a plurality of planetary gears 1-13; each of the planetary gears 1-13 being connected to a corresponding piston cylinder 1-3 through a connecting rod mechanism 1-2; each of the piston cylinders 1-3 reciprocating in a straight line along the radial direction of the outer ring gear 1-11; also comprising a drive source 1-6, a locking mechanism 1-5, a measurement control unit 1-7 and a plurality of sensor devices 1-8.

[0045] The number of teeth of the outer ring gear 1-11, the number of teeth of the inner ring gear 1-12 and the number of teeth of the planetary gear 1-13 satisfy the formula Zr=Zi+2Zp, where Zr is the number of teeth of the outer ring gear, Zi is the number of teeth of the inner ring gear, and Zp is the number of teeth of the planetary gear.

[0046] The connecting rod mechanism 1-2 includes a first crankshaft 1-21, a second crankshaft 1-22 and a third crankshaft 1-23; the piston cylinder 1-3 includes a first piston cylinder 1-31, a second piston cylinder 1-32 and a third piston cylinder 1-33; the first crankshaft 1-21, the second crankshaft 1-22 and the third crankshaft 1-23 are respectively connected to the first piston cylinder 1-31, the second piston cylinder 1-32 and the third piston cylinder 1-33 through the corresponding first connecting rod 1-41, the second connecting rod 1-42 and the third connecting rod 1-43; the first crankshaft 1-21, the second crankshaft 1-22 and the third crankshaft 1-23 are respectively connected to the corresponding planetary gear 1-13.

[0047] The locking mechanism 1-5 includes an adjusting device 1-52 and a locking device 1-51; the adjusting device 1-52 corresponds to the first piston cylinder 1-31, the second piston cylinder 1-32 and the third piston cylinder 1-33 one by one; the first piston cylinder 1-31, the second piston cylinder 1-32 and the third piston cylinder 1-33 are plugged into the adjusting device 1-52.

[0048] The driving source 1-6 includes an electric motor 1-61 or a hydraulic driving device 1-62.

[0049] The sensor device 1-8 includes a gyroscope 1-81, an accelerometer 1-82 and a pressure sensor 1-83, which are respectively used to monitor the drilling direction, inclination, drilling depth and drill bit stress in real time.

[0050] The measurement control unit 1-7 includes a microprocessor 1-71; the microcontroller 1-71 has a built-in control algorithm module 1-72.

[0051] The drill bit device 1-9 is an angle-adjustable drill bit.

[0052] The planetary gear train 1-1 also includes a gear pre-tightening device; the planetary gear train is made of alloy steel and is carburized and quenched.

[0053] The driving source 1-6 is connected to the outer ring gear 1-11; the measuring control unit 1-7 is respectively connected to the locking mechanism 1-5, the driving source 1-6, the piston cylinder 1-3 and the sensor 1-8, and the working state of the driving source and the piston cylinder is adjusted according to the drilling direction, depth and force conditions.

[0054] Guide tool assembly 1 Guide tool assembly 1 is the core part of the present invention, integrating planetary gear train 1-1, multi-crankshaft drive system 1-2, locking mechanism 1-5, sensor device 1-8, measurement control unit 1-7 and drill device 1-9. The overall structure is compact and the functional modular design is convenient for maintenance and upgrading.

[0055] Design of planetary gear train 1-1: Planetary gear train 1-1 consists of outer ring gear 1-11, inner ring gear 1-12, three planetary gears 1-13, planet carrier 1-14 and gear preload device 1-15. Three planetary gears 1-13 are evenly distributed on planet carrier 1-14 to ensure precise meshing between gears. The number of teeth is designed to meet the formula: Zr = Zi + 2Zp, where Zr is the number of teeth of the outer ring gear, Zi is the number of teeth of the inner ring gear, and Zp is the number of teeth of the planetary gear. Function: Planetary gear train 1-1 realizes efficient power transmission and uniform load distribution between gears, ensuring stable power output during drilling and long-life operation of the gear system. Beneficial effects: Through the planetary gear transmission structure, the number and complexity of mechanical components are reduced, the weight of the equipment is reduced, and the transmission efficiency and durability of the gear system are improved.

[0056] Design of outer ring gear 1-11: The outer ring gear 1-11 is installed on the driving source 1-6, has a fixed number of teeth Zr, and drives the planetary gear 1-13 to move through the rotation of the driving source. Function: Responsible for transmitting the rotational power of the driving source to the planetary gear system 1-1 to achieve overall power transmission and rotation. Beneficial effect: Ensure the stable operation of the planetary gear system 1-1, improve power transmission efficiency, and reduce energy loss.

[0057] Design of inner ring gear 1-12: The inner ring gear 1-12 is installed on the drill bit shaft, has a fixed number of teeth Zi, and is locked and released by the locking mechanism 1-5. Function: Under the action of the locking mechanism 1-5, the inner ring gear 1-12 can be locked to achieve the horizontal drilling mode of the drill bit; its rotation angle can also be adjusted to control the retraction and extension of the guide block. Beneficial effect: Enhance the functional flexibility of the guide tool, enable it to operate stably in different drilling modes, and improve the adaptability and control accuracy of drilling operations.

[0058] Design of planetary gear 1-13: Three planetary gears 1-13 are evenly distributed on the planet carrier 1-14, meshing with the outer ring gear 1-11 and the inner ring gear 1-12. Function: Through meshing with the outer ring gear 1-11 and the inner ring gear 1-12, efficient power transmission and uniform load distribution between gears are achieved. Beneficial effects: Improve the stability and accuracy of power transmission, reduce gear wear, and extend the service life of the gear system.

[0059] Planet carrier 1-14 design: Planet carrier 1-14 is used to support and fix the three planetary gears 1-13 to ensure their uniform distribution and stable operation. Function: Maintain the relative position of the planetary gears 1-13 to ensure accurate meshing and uniform force between the gears. Beneficial effect: Improve the stability and transmission efficiency of the gear train 1-1 and reduce wear and vibration between gears.

[0060] Design of gear preload device 1-15: Gear preload device 1-15 ensures the meshing accuracy and transmission stability of planetary gear 1-13, outer ring gear 1-11 and inner ring gear 1-12 during operation by applying appropriate preload force. Function: Eliminate gear meshing clearance, reduce vibration and wear of gears under high load, and improve the overall efficiency and service life of the transmission system. Beneficial effects: Improve the stability and accuracy of gear transmission, reduce gear wear and failure rate, extend the service life of guide tools, and ensure long-term stable operation.

[0061] Design of multi-crankshaft drive system 1-2: three crankshafts (1-21, 1-22, 1-23) are configured, evenly distributed on the circumference, with a center angle interval of 120°, and coaxial with three planetary gears 1-13. Each crankshaft is connected to a piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33) through a connecting rod (1-41, 1-42, 1-43), ensuring that the piston can perform periodic linear reciprocating motion along the radial direction. Function: The multi-crankshaft drive system achieves continuous deflection and recovery of the drill bit by synchronously controlling the extension and retraction of the piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33), ensuring precise control of the drilling direction. Beneficial effects: Through the coordinated work of the three crankshafts, the stability and accuracy of the drill bit deflection are improved, the unbalanced load caused by a single crankshaft is reduced, and the service life of the system is extended.

[0062] Design of the first crankshaft 1-21, the second crankshaft 1-22, and the third crankshaft 1-23: The three crankshafts (1-21, 1-22, 1-23) are evenly distributed on the circumference, with a center angle interval of 120°, and are coaxial with the planetary gear 1-13. Each crankshaft is connected to the corresponding piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33) through a connecting rod (1-41, 1-42, 1-43). Function: Through synchronous rotation, the piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33) is driven to realize the periodic deflection and recovery movement of the drill bit. Beneficial effect: Ensure the coordination and stability of the drill bit movement and improve the accuracy and reliability of drilling control.

[0063] Design of the first piston cylinder 1-31, the second piston cylinder 1-32, and the third piston cylinder 1-33: Each piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33) is connected to the corresponding crankshaft (1-21, 1-22, 1-23) through a connecting rod (1-41, 1-42, 1-43), and can perform periodic linear reciprocating motion along the radial direction. Function: The telescopic motion of the piston cylinder drives the drill bit to achieve continuous deflection and recovery, and controls the precise adjustment of the drilling direction. Beneficial effect: Through the synchronous movement of the piston cylinder, the stable deflection and recovery of the drill bit are achieved, and the accuracy and efficiency of the drilling path are improved.

[0064] Design of the first connecting rod 1-41, the second connecting rod 1-42, and the third connecting rod 1-43: The three connecting rods 1-41, 1-42, and 1-43 are respectively connected to the three crankshafts (1-21, 1-22, and 1-23) and the piston cylinders (1-31, 1-32, and 1-33) to ensure the synchronous movement of the piston cylinders along the radial direction. Function: Convert the rotational motion of the crankshaft into the linear reciprocating motion of the piston cylinder to drive the drill bit to achieve continuous deflection and recovery. Beneficial effects: Ensure the synchronous movement of the piston cylinder, improve the coordination and stability of the drill bit movement, and enhance the accuracy of drilling control.

[0065] Design of locking mechanism 1-5: The locking mechanism 1-5 is connected to the inner ring gear 1-12, and includes a locking device and an adjusting device 1-52. The adjusting device 1-52 adjusts the rotation angle of the inner ring gear 1-12 mechanically or hydraulically. Function: During the drilling process, the locking mechanism 1-5 can lock the inner ring gear 1-12 to achieve the horizontal drilling mode of the drill bit; at the same time, by adjusting the rotation angle of the inner ring gear, the retraction and extension of the guide block are controlled to flexibly adjust the drilling direction. Beneficial effects: Enhance the functional flexibility of the guide tool, enable it to operate stably in different drilling modes, and improve the adaptability and control accuracy of drilling operations.

[0066] Design of adjusting device 1-52: Adjusting device 1-52: includes a rotary adjusting mechanism or a hydraulic adjusting system, which adjusts the rotation angle of the inner ring gear 1-12 by mechanical or hydraulic means. Function: Locking device: When it is necessary to enter the horizontal drilling mode, the locking device locks the inner ring gear 1-12 and stops the revolution of the planetary gear 1-13. Adjusting device 1-52: When it is necessary to adjust the drilling direction, by adjusting the rotation angle of the inner ring gear 1-12, the rotation angle of the crankshaft (1-21, 1-22, 1-23) is changed to achieve the retraction and extension of the guide block (unnumbered). Beneficial effects: Realize rapid switching of drilling modes and flexible adjustment of drilling directions, improve the efficiency and control accuracy of drilling operations, and adapt to different drilling needs.

[0067] Design of driving source 1-6: driving source 1-6 includes electric motor 1-61 and hydraulic drive device 1-62, which are used to drive the outer ring gear 1-11 to rotate. Function: driving source 1-6 controls the movement rate of planetary gear 1-13 by adjusting the rotation speed of outer ring gear 1-11, thereby adjusting the reciprocating frequency of piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33), and realizing dynamic adjustment and efficient power conversion during drilling. Beneficial effect: through the adjustable speed driving source, the steering tool can flexibly adjust the working state according to the drilling requirements, and improve the drilling efficiency and energy consumption management ability.

[0068] Design of the motor 1-61 and the hydraulic drive device 1-62: The motor 1-61: acts as the main driving source, providing the rotational power of the outer ring gear 1-11. The hydraulic drive device 1-62: acts as an auxiliary driving source, providing greater power output, adapting to high-load working environments. Function: The motor 1-61: drives the outer ring gear 1-11 to rotate, and controls the movement rate of the planetary gear 1-13. The hydraulic drive device 1-62: provides additional power under high load or special drilling conditions, ensuring the stable operation of the guide tool. Beneficial effects: provides a variety of driving modes, enhances the adaptability and power output capacity of the guide tool, and ensures efficient operation under different drilling conditions.

[0069] Design of measurement control unit 1-7: The measurement control unit 1-7 includes a microprocessor 1-71 and a control algorithm module 1-72, which are responsible for processing real-time signals from sensors (1-81, 1-82, 1-83) and dynamically adjusting the working state of the drive source 1-6 and the piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33) according to the processing results. Function: By analyzing the sensor data, the rotation speed of the outer ring gear 1-11 and the expansion and contraction frequency of the piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33) are accurately controlled to achieve precise control and dynamic adjustment of the drilling direction. Beneficial effect: Improve the intelligence level of the guide tool, so that it can dynamically adjust the working state according to the real-time monitoring data, and improve the accuracy and efficiency of the drilling operation.

[0070] Design of microprocessor 1-71 and control algorithm module 1-72: Microprocessor 1-71: used to execute control algorithm and process data collected by sensors (1-81, 1-82, 1-83). Control algorithm module 1-72: preset control logic and algorithm, used to analyze sensor data and generate control instructions. Function: Microprocessor (1-71): receives and processes data from sensors, executes control algorithm, and generates drive instructions. Control algorithm module 1-72: dynamically adjusts the working state of drive source 1-6 and piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33) according to real-time data during drilling, and realizes precise control of drilling direction. Beneficial effect: ensures that the guide tool can respond to changes in the drilling process in real time, dynamically adjusts the drilling direction and power output, and improves the accuracy and stability of drilling operations.

[0071] Design of sensor device 1-8: Sensor device 1-8 includes gyroscope 1-81, accelerometer 1-82 and pressure sensor 1-83, which are used to monitor the drilling direction, inclination, drilling depth and drill bit stress in real time. Function: Gyroscope 1-81: monitors the angle change of drilling direction and provides real-time feedback of drilling direction. Accelerometer 1-82: measures the acceleration change during drilling and monitors the dynamic mechanical state during drilling. Pressure sensor 1-83: detects the force of drill bit, monitors the force change during drilling and prevents overload. Beneficial effect: by real-time monitoring of key parameters in the drilling process, ensures accurate control of drilling direction and reasonable management of drill bit stress, and improves the stability and safety of drilling operations.

[0072] Design of the drill bit device 1-9: The drill bit device 1-9 includes an angle-adjustable drill bit 1-91 and a drill bit support 1-92, and continuous deflection and angle adjustment are achieved through the synchronous control of the piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33). Function: The angle of the drill bit 1-91 can be fine-tuned according to the drilling requirements to ensure that the drill bit drills efficiently in the predetermined direction, improving the accuracy and drilling efficiency of the drilling path. The drill bit support 1-92 supports the drill bit device to ensure that it is stably connected to the guide tool assembly 1. Beneficial effect: Through the angle-adjustable drill bit, flexible control of the drilling direction is achieved, the accuracy and drilling efficiency of the drilling path are improved, and different drilling requirements can be met.

[0073] Gear material and heat treatment 1-10 Design: The planetary gear system 1-1 is made of high-strength alloy steel and is carburized and quenched to improve the wear resistance and strength of the gear 1-13. Function: The high-strength alloy steel material provides excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance, and the carburizing and quenching treatment further improves the hardness and wear resistance of the gear surface, ensuring the stability and reliability of the gear in long-term use. Beneficial effects: By selecting high-strength materials and optimizing the heat treatment process, the durability and stability of the gear system are improved, the service life of the gear is extended, and the reliable operation of the guide tool under high-load working environment is ensured.

[0074] System integration and control design: The steering tool assembly 1 realizes precise directional control and efficient power conversion of the drill bit 1-9 through the high integration of the planetary gear system 1-1, the multi-crankshaft drive system 1-2, the locking mechanism 1-5, the sensor device 1-8 and the measurement control unit 1-7. Function: The system has a compact structure and a functional modular design, which facilitates maintenance and upgrading. The integration of the measurement control unit 1-7 and the sensor device 1-8 enables the steering tool 1 to have intelligent control capabilities, and can dynamically adjust the drilling direction according to the real-time monitoring data to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the drilling operation. Beneficial effects: Improve the overall performance and adaptability of the steering tool, simplify the maintenance process, enhance the reliability and stability of the system, and adapt to the efficient operation requirements in various complex drilling environments.

[0075] In order to better understand the present invention, the following Figures 1 to 6 The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail: when in use, the driving source 1-6 is first started, wherein the motor 1-61 or the hydraulic drive device 1-62 starts to drive the outer ring gear 1-11 to rotate. The rotation of the outer ring gear (1-11) drives the planetary gear 1-13 to move evenly distributed on the planetary carrier 1-14, and realizes precise meshing with the inner ring gear 1-12 according to the formula Zr=Zi+2Zp. The rotation of the planetary gear 1-13 is transmitted to the corresponding piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33) through the connecting rod (1-41, 1-42, 1-43), so that the piston cylinder performs periodic linear reciprocating motion along the radial direction, thereby driving the drill bit device 1-9 to achieve continuous deflection and recovery. During the drilling process, the gyroscope 1-81, accelerometer 1-82 and pressure sensor 1-83 in the sensor device 1-8 monitor the drilling direction, inclination, drilling depth and drill bit stress in real time, and these real-time data are transmitted to the measurement control unit 1-7. The microprocessor 1-71 and the control algorithm module 1-72 process and analyze the data, issue control instructions according to the processing results, and adjust the working state of the drive source 1-6 and the piston cylinder (1-31, 1-32, 1-33). At the same time, the locking device 1-51 and the adjustment device 1-52 in the locking mechanism 1-5 lock or adjust the rotation angle of the inner ring gear 1-12 according to the control instruction, thereby controlling the retraction and extension of the guide block to achieve precise control and dynamic adjustment of the drilling direction. The gear preload device 1-15 continuously applies appropriate preload force to ensure the precise meshing between the planetary gear 1-13 and the outer ring gear 1-11 and the inner ring gear 1-12, reduce gear clearance, reduce vibration and wear, and improve the overall efficiency and service life of the transmission system. The entire workflow forms a closed-loop feedback system, ensuring that the guide tool assembly 1 operates efficiently, accurately and stably in complex drilling environments, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of drilling operations.

[0076] The specific implementation of the present invention described above does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small rotary steering tool for side drilling with an ultra-short radius, comprising a drill bit device (1-9); characterized in that: The invention also includes a guide tool assembly (1); the guide tool assembly (1) has a planetary gear train (1-1); the planetary gear train (1-1) is coaxially arranged in a drill bit device (1-9); the planetary gear train (1-1) has an outer ring gear (1-11), an inner ring gear (1-12) and a plurality of planetary gears (1-13); each of the planetary gears (1-13) is connected to a corresponding piston cylinder (1-3) via a connecting rod mechanism (1-2); each of the piston cylinders (1-3) reciprocates linearly along the radial direction of the outer ring gear (1-11); and the invention also includes a drive source (1-6), a locking mechanism (1-5), a measurement control unit (1-7) and a plurality of sensor devices (1-8).

2. The ultra-short radius side-drilling small rotary steerable tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of teeth of the outer ring gear (1-11), the number of teeth of the inner ring gear (1-12), and the number of teeth of the planetary gear (1-13) satisfy the formula Zr=Zi+2Zp, where Zr is the number of teeth of the outer ring gear, Zi is the number of teeth of the inner ring gear, and Zp is the number of teeth of the planetary gear.

3. The ultra-short radius side-drilling small rotary steerable tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rod mechanism (1-2) comprises a first crankshaft (1-21), a second crankshaft (1-22) and a third crankshaft (1-23); the piston cylinder (1-3) comprises a first piston cylinder (1-31), a second piston cylinder (1-32) and a third piston cylinder (1-33); the first crankshaft (1-21), the second crankshaft (1-22) and the third crankshaft (1-23) are respectively connected to the first piston cylinder (1-31), the second piston cylinder (1-32) and the third piston cylinder (1-33) through the corresponding first connecting rod (1-41), the second connecting rod (1-42) and the third connecting rod (1-43); the first crankshaft (1-21), the second crankshaft (1-22) and the third crankshaft (1-23) are respectively connected to the corresponding planetary gear (1-13).

4. The ultra-short radius side-drilling small rotary steerable tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (1-5) comprises an adjusting device (1-52) and a locking device (1-51); the adjusting device (1-52) corresponds to the first piston cylinder (1-31), the second piston cylinder (1-32) and the third piston cylinder (1-33) one by one; the first piston cylinder (1-31), the second piston cylinder (1-32) and the third piston cylinder (1-33) are plugged into the adjusting device (1-52).

5. The ultra-short radius side-drilling small rotary steerable tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving source (1-6) includes an electric motor (1-61) or a hydraulic driving device (1-62).

6. The ultra-short radius side-drilling small rotary steerable tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor device (1-8) comprises a gyroscope (1-81), an accelerometer (1-82) and a pressure sensor (1-83), which are respectively used for real-time monitoring of the drilling direction, inclination, drilling depth and drill bit stress.

7. The ultra-short radius side-drilling small rotary steerable tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measurement control unit (1-7) comprises a microprocessor (1-71); the microcontroller (1-71) has a built-in control algorithm module (1-72).

8. The ultra-short radius side-drilling small rotary steerable tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill bit device (1-9) is an angle-adjustable drill bit.

9. The ultra-short radius side-drilling small rotary steerable tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planetary gear train (1-1) further comprises a gear pre-tightening device; the planetary gear train is made of alloy steel and is carburized and quenched.

10. The guidance system of a small rotary guidance tool for ultra-short radius sidetracking according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving source (1-6) is connected to the outer ring gear (1-11); the measuring control unit (1-7) is respectively connected to the locking mechanism (1-5), the driving source (1-6), the piston cylinder (1-3) and the sensor (1-8), and adjusts the working state of the driving source and the piston cylinder according to the drilling direction, depth and force conditions.

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