Mining method for gently inclined medium-thick-thick ore body with broken hanging wall surrounding rock

Abstract

The invention relates to a mining method for a gently inclined medium-thick-thick ore body with broken hanging wall surrounding rock, belongs to the field of underground mining methods, and aims at the gently inclined ore body with the broken hanging wall surrounding rock through the steps of stope arrangement, mining preparation, cutting, stoping and filling. A top protection layer, anchor rods and anchor cables are reserved on the hanging wall of the ore body for combined supporting to ensure the stability of the top protection layer and hanging wall surrounding rock; stoping the chambers from bottom to top in the stage, and stoping the chambers in the same section in one panel at intervals, so as to ensure the stoping strength and efficiency; and the ores are caved into trench ore receiving spaces at the bottoms of the sections by utilizing the throwing effect, so that the stope transportation problem that gently inclined ore bodies cannot be humped by utilizing the self weight of the ores is solved. According to the method, the safety problem caused by hanging wall surrounding rock breaking and the mining efficiency can be considered, and the mining economical efficiency, high efficiency and safety of ore deposits of the kind are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of underground mining methods, and in particular to a method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick to thick ore body with broken upper wall surrounding rocks. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of social economy, the intensity of mineral resource development continues to increase. Some easy-to-mine ore bodies with good grade, high value, stable surrounding rock and good occurrence conditions have been mined out, and the proportion of ore deposits with relatively poor mining conditions is gradually increasing. For example, for gently inclined medium-thick to thick ore bodies, the traditional mining methods for such ore bodies are the full-scale method and the room-and-pillar method. However, due to the conditions of the ore body and the surrounding rock fragmentation, the traditional mining methods are no longer applicable. The downward stratified approach mining can technically meet the mining requirements, but the mining process is complicated and the mining cost is high. Especially when such ore bodies are of low grade and low value, the downward stratified mining method cannot meet the mining requirements economically.

[0003] Chinese patent CN 118933759A discloses a mining method for a medium-thick ore body with a broken upper plate. It is mainly aimed at a broken upper plate ore body with an inclined ore body angle. The stages are divided into sections. The cross-section of the sectioned stope is approximately rhombus-shaped. A connecting vein tunnel is excavated at the junction of the upper plate ore and rock, and a sprayed anchor net is used for support to maintain the stability of the roof. A triangular bottom column is set between the stage transportation tunnels, and no top column is set between the stage transportation tunnels. It is not suitable for the upper plate surrounding rock that has been broken, and the gently inclined medium-thick ore body with an inclination of 11 to 22°. It is not conducive to the stability of its upper plate surrounding rock, and the ore is easy to be depleted. In addition, the tunnel structure of each section is complex, the workload of mining is relatively large, and the cost is relatively high. The most important thing is that the stope structure in the above patent cannot solve the fundamental problems of gently inclined broken ore bodies, low stope production capacity, and difficulty in ore transportation in the stope.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop new mining methods that can take into account both the safety issues caused by the crushing of the upper surrounding rock and the mining efficiency, so as to meet the economic, efficient and safe mining of such deposits. Summary of the invention

[0005] Technical problem to be solved: In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a mining method for gently inclined medium-thick to thick ore bodies with broken upper surrounding rock, which aims to solve the technical problems of traditional mining methods for such ore bodies, such as difficulty in balancing mining safety and economy and high mining costs.

[0006] Technical solution: The present invention proposes a method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick to thick ore body with broken upper wall surrounding rocks, the steps of which are: S1. In one stage, multiple sections are arranged along the vertical direction c of the ore body, and multiple panels are divided along the strike direction a of the ore body; multiple mine rooms are set up along the strike direction a of the ore body in the sections of the same panel; spacer top pillars are set between adjacent mine rooms in the vertical direction c of the ore body, and panel ore pillars are left at both ends of the panel along the strike direction a of the ore body; S2. Between the bottom of the stage and each segment, a stage transport tunnel is opened along the strike direction a of the ore body. At the position of the stage transport tunnel corresponding to the center line of the plate area ore pillar, after the stope connection tunnel is excavated, a vein transport tunnel is excavated along the strike direction a of the ore body, and a chute is excavated on one side of the vein transport tunnel, which directly leads to the stage transport tunnel at the bottom; a ramp is excavated downward from the stope connection tunnel of the segment to the stage transport tunnel, and a ramp is excavated upward to the stage transport tunnel of the upper stage; From the vein transport tunnel, along the direction a perpendicular to the ore body, multiple mine-exit tunnels are excavated corresponding to each mine room to the predetermined position of the ore body footwall, and each mine-exit tunnel is connected to form a trench receiving tunnel; A mine room connecting tunnel is opened at the center position of the interval top pillar along the strike direction a of the ore body. From the center line position of the panel ore pillar below the vein transportation tunnel corresponding to the bottom, the downward inclined panel area connecting tunnel is excavated to the vertically connected mine room connecting tunnel; a cutting roof space is opened in the middle of the mine room. As the cutting roof space is opened, the top protection layer is reinforced with top protection anchor rods and anchor cables; S3. In the trench receiving ore tunnel, fan-shaped blast holes are drilled with the cutting groove as the free surface, and the cutting groove is used as the free space, and blasting is completed in batches to form a bottom receiving ore space; S4, adopting the "one-on-one" mining method, the ore body is mined from bottom to top within the stage; S5. Seal the mine tunnel and the cut roof up the mountain, and then fill the mine room.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the stage height is controlled at 40m to 60m, the length of a single mine room along the inclination direction f of the ore body is 20m to 30m, and the width along the strike direction a of the ore body is controlled at 15m to 20m; the width of the interval top pillar is 8m to 10m, the length of the panel area along the strike direction a of the ore body is 100m to 120m, and the width of the panel area pillar is 10m to 15m.

[0008] Furthermore, the spacer top column is perpendicular to the protective layer.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the step of opening the cutting top space is as follows: a cutting top hill is opened in the middle of the mine room, the mine room connecting tunnels connect the cutting top hills, and a cutting top horizontal tunnel is excavated perpendicular to the cutting top hills toward both sides of the mine room at the interval top column, with the cutting top hill as the free surface, and the top is cut in the cutting top horizontal tunnel to form a cutting top space.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the length of the mine connection tunnel at the bottom of the stage is greater than the length of the mine connection tunnel at the segment, and the length ratio is about 8 to 12:1; the length of the mining tunnel along the inclination direction b of the ore body is 10m to 12m; the predetermined position of the lower wall of the ore body is the position where the vertical distance between the trench mining tunnel and the lower wall boundary of the ore body is 5m to 8m; the thickness of the top protection layer is 1m to 2m; the length of the anchor rod of the top protection anchor rod and the anchor cable is 1.5m to 2m, and the length of the anchor cable is 3m to 4m.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S3, the cutting groove is formed by drilling a cutting shaft upward at a mine exit tunnel and a cutting receiving tunnel in the mine room, drilling fan-shaped blast holes into the ore body at the intersection of the cutting receiving tunnel and the mine exit tunnel, and forming a cutting groove by blasting with the cutting shaft as the free surface.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S4, the mining process is as follows: in the cut-top space, a downward mining blasthole is drilled, the explosive consumption and related blasting parameters are determined according to the throwing blasting, the ore is crushed and thrown into the receiving tunnel of the trench, the ore is shoveled from each mining tunnel, and poured into a nearby chute; the ore body in the mine room is blasted 3 to 4 times until the mining is completed.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the top cutting and going up the mountain, the mine room connecting tunnel, the panel area connecting tunnel, the vein transport tunnel, the mining field connecting tunnel and the stage transport tunnel constitute a common passage for ventilation, pedestrians, equipment passage and filling, forming a complete ventilation system and multiple safe exits.

[0014] Furthermore, before the filling is performed in step S5, a filling retaining wall needs to be set at the junction of the top cut mountain and the mine room communication tunnel and at the corresponding exits of the mine exit tunnel and the trench receiving mine tunnel at both ends.

[0015] Furthermore, during the filling in step S5, the first-step mining area uses a filling body with a lime-sand mass ratio of 1:4; the second-step mining area uses a filling body with a lime-sand mass ratio of 1:20 or water-sand filling.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The present application discloses a method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick to thick ore body with broken surrounding rock on the upper plate. For a gently inclined ore body with broken surrounding rock on the upper plate, the present application reserves a protective top layer on the upper plate of the ore body, and adopts a combined support method of anchor rods and long anchor cables to ensure the stability of the protective top layer and the surrounding rock on the upper plate; The divided chambers are all along the inclination direction f of the ore body. Under the premise of ensuring the throwing effect, the length of the chamber can be increased, thereby ensuring the ore volume and production capacity of a single chamber. The chambers are mined from bottom to top within the stage, and then the pan area is divided along the direction of the ore body. The chambers of the same section in a pan area are mined one by one. After the chambers of the lower sections are mined and filled, the chambers corresponding to the upper sections can be mined. Multiple chambers in the pan area can be mined at the same time, thereby improving the mining intensity and efficiency of the gently inclined ore body. The mine room connecting tunnels connect all the cut roofs and the cut roofs, mine room connecting tunnels, panel area connecting tunnels, vein transport tunnels, mining field connecting tunnels and stage transport tunnels form common passages for ventilation, pedestrians, equipment passage and filling, forming a complete ventilation system and multiple safe exits, saving procedures and reducing costs.

[0017] Each stage is divided into two sections. The chute in the middle section is arranged at the intersection of the vein transport tunnel and the disk area connecting tunnel along the strike direction. The chutes in each section are directly connected to the lowest stage transport tunnel, forming a transportation system composed of the mining area connecting tunnel and the stage transport tunnel within the stage, which saves the process of opening tunnels and improves mining efficiency. The ore has a strong passing capacity and can further increase the transportation capacity of gently inclined ore.

[0018] Under the protection of the top layer, medium-depth holes parallel to the top cutting space are drilled downward, and the ore is dropped into the receiving space of the trench at the bottom of the segment by throwing action. This overcomes the difficulty of mining and transportation in the mining area where the ore cannot be discharged by its own weight in the gently inclined ore body, and is also an important measure to improve the mining efficiency of the gently inclined ore body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is the working principle diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view Ⅰ-Ⅰ in the figure; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Sectional view II-II in the figure; Figure 4 for Figure 1 The III-III section view in FIG. Figure 5 for Figure 1 Sectional view IV-IV in FIG. Figure 6 A cutting blasthole diagram of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Middle AA section view; Figure 8 for Figure 6 Middle BB section view; Description of reference numerals: 1- ore body; 2- stage transportation tunnel; 3- mining field connection tunnel; 4- vein transportation tunnel; 5- mine exit tunnel; 6- trench receiving tunnel; 7- ramp; 8- chute; 9- pan area connection tunnel; 10- mine room connection tunnel; 11- cutting top uphill; 12- cutting top cross tunnel; 13- top protection layer; 14- interval top pillar; 15- top protection anchor cable; 16- top protection anchor rod and anchor cable; 17- downward recovery blast hole; 18- cutting skylight; 19- cutting top space; 20- caved ore; 21- fan-shaped blast hole; 22- pan area pillar; 23- filling retaining wall; 24- first step mining field; 25- second step mining field; 26- mine room; a represents the strike direction of the ore body, b represents the dip direction of the ore body, c represents the vertical direction of the ore body, d represents the upper wall direction of the ore body, e represents the lower wall direction of the ore body, and f represents the inclination direction of the ore body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below through specific implementation modes in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] A mining method for a gently inclined medium-thick to thick ore body with crushed surrounding rock is proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. In order to better understand the above technical solution, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a clearer and more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0022] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention relates to a method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick ore body with broken upper wall surrounding rock. The gently inclined medium-thick ore body described in the present invention has a relatively gentle inclination angle, generally an inclination angle of 11° to 22°, and a thickness of 5 m to 15 m. The steps of the mining method include: S1. Stope layout: Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in one stage, 1 to 3 sections are arranged along the vertical direction c of the ore body, and multiple panels are divided along the strike direction a of the ore body at a predetermined distance; multiple mine rooms 26 are divided along the strike direction a of the ore body in the sections of the same panel, and the divided mine rooms 26 are all along the inclination direction f of the ore body. In this way, the length of the mine room 26 can be increased while ensuring the casting effect, thereby ensuring the ore volume and production capacity of a single mine room 26. In the vertical direction c of the ore body, an interval top pillar 14 is arranged between adjacent mine rooms 26, and the interval top pillar 14 is perpendicular to the protective roof 13. The protective roof 13 is located in the upper plate direction d of the ore body 1, that is, the position of the upper plate surrounding rock that has been broken; the plate area ore pillars 22 are left at both ends of the plate area along the strike direction a of the ore body, and the mine rooms 26 of the same section in the plate area are alternately arranged as the first-step mining area 24 and the second-step mining area 25, and the first-step mining area 24 and the second-step mining area 25 are mined in a "one-by-one" manner; the ore body is mined from bottom to top within the stage, and the lower mine room supports the upper mine room, that is, the lower mine room 26 is mined first, and then the upper mine room 26 is mined after filling; the first-step mining area 24 adopts cemented filling, and when the second-step mining is carried out, the filling body of the first-step mining area 24 serves as the ore pillar during the second-step mining, creating stable working conditions for the second-step mining.

[0023] The stages described in the present invention are: in the vertical direction c of the ore body, at certain intervals, one or several main transport tunnels consistent with the direction a of the ore body are excavated to divide the ore body into blocks in the vertical direction. This block is the stage, and the main transport tunnel is the stage transport tunnel 2. The vertical distance between the bottom plates of the upper and lower adjacent stage transport tunnels 2 is the stage height.

[0024] The panel area is the mining area distributed horizontally along the strike direction a of the ore body within the stage range.

[0025] Segmentation means that within the stage range, the stage is divided into multiple mining areas along the vertical direction c of the ore body.

[0026] The mine room 26 is a plurality of mining areas divided within the segmented range along the strike direction a of the ore body in the disk area. The length of the mine room refers to the length along the inclination direction f of the ore body (inclination refers to the inclination angle between the vertical direction and the horizontal plane of the ore body), and the width is the length along the strike direction a of the ore body.

[0027] The stage height should take into account the length of a single mine room 26 along the inclined direction f of the ore body, which should be controlled at 40m to 60m. The length of a single mine room 26 along the inclined direction f of the ore body is preferably 20m to 30m, and the width along the strike direction a of the ore body is controlled at 15m to 20m; the width of the interval top pillar 14 is 8m to 10m, the length of the panel area along the strike direction a of the ore body is 100m to 120m, and the width of the panel area pillar 22 is 10m to 15m.

[0028] S2. Mining: A stage transportation tunnel 2 is opened at a horizontal position between the stage bottom and each segment along the strike direction a of the ore body. At the position of the stage transportation tunnel 2 corresponding to the center line of the disk area pillar 22, a mining field connection tunnel 3 is excavated along the vertical strike direction a of the ore body (or along the inclination direction b of the ore body). The length of the mining field connection tunnel 3 at the stage bottom is greater than that of the segmented mining field connection tunnel 3, and the length ratio is about 8 to 12:1, so that the chute 8 set in the tunnel above it can directly connect to the stage transportation tunnel 2 at the bottom. At a predetermined position in the direction e of the lower wall of the ore body, a vein transport tunnel 4 is excavated at the end of the mining field connecting tunnel 3 along the strike direction a of the ore body, the vein transport tunnel 4 is connected with the mining field connecting tunnel 3, and a chute 8 is excavated on one side of the vein transport tunnel 4 (the side away from the ore body 1), and the chutes 8 of each stage and each section are directly connected to the stage transport tunnel 2 at the bottom layer, saving the process of opening tunnels and improving mining efficiency; a ramp 7 is excavated downward from the segmented mining field connecting tunnel 3 to the stage transport tunnel 2, and a ramp 7 is excavated upward to the stage transport tunnel 2 of the upper stage, so as to connect each stage and each section.

[0029] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, multiple mine-exit tunnels 5 are excavated from the vein transport tunnel 4 along the vertical ore body strike direction a corresponding to each mine room 26 to the predetermined position of the lower wall of the ore body 1. Each mine room 26 is arranged with 2 to 3 mine-exit tunnels 5, and the length of the mine-exit tunnel 5 along the ore body inclination direction b is preferably 10m to 12m, ensuring that the shovel loader can fully accommodate the ore in the mine-exit tunnel 5.

[0030] At the stage level, the chute 8 is arranged in the middle of the panel area to facilitate sharing within a panel area; at the segmented level, the ore volume on both sides of the chute 8 is basically the same near the center line of the panel pillar 22 between each panel area, so that the transportation work during ore transportation is minimized.

[0031] At a predetermined position in the direction e of the lower plate of the ore body, a trench receiving tunnel 6 is formed by penetrating each mining tunnel 5 along the strike direction a of the ore body; the vertical distance between the trench receiving tunnel 6 and the lower plate boundary of the ore body 1 is controlled at 5m to 8m to ensure that the bottom receiving space can accommodate the amount of ore blasted each time.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a mine room communication tunnel 10 is opened at the center position of the interval top pillar 14 along the strike direction a of the ore body, and the plate area communication tunnel 9 is excavated downwardly inclined from the stage level and segment level along the vein transportation tunnel 4 corresponding to the center line position of the panel ore pillar 22 below it to the vertical mine room communication tunnel 10, and the plate area communication tunnel 9 is connected with the mine room communication tunnel 10. The panel area communication tunnel 9 is the passage to enter each mine room, and then the mine room communication tunnel 10 is connected to each mine room along the strike direction, which is convenient for workers, materials, equipment and ventilation.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, a cutting top mountain 11 is opened in the middle of each mine room 26 in the panel area, and the mine room connecting tunnel 10 connects each cutting top mountain 11. The cutting top mountain 11, the mine room connecting tunnel 10, the panel area connecting tunnel 9, the vein transportation tunnel 4, the mining field connecting tunnel 3 and the stage transportation tunnel 2 form a common passage for ventilation, pedestrian, equipment passage and filling, forming a complete ventilation system and multiple safe exits, saving processes and reducing costs; a cutting top cross tunnel 12 is excavated perpendicular to the cutting top mountain 11 and toward both sides of the mine room 26 close to the interval top pillar 14 to the mine room 26 ( Figure 2 The left and right directions in the middle of the mine are used as the boundary. With the top cutting hill 11 as the free surface, parallel blastholes are drilled in the top cutting cross tunnel 12 to cut the top, forming a top cutting space 19. As the top cutting space 19 is pulled open, the top protection layer 13 is reinforced by the combined support of top protection anchor rods and anchor cables 16 in the direction of the upper plate of the ore body. The anchor rod length is 1.5m to 2m for the full-length anchored resin anchor rod, and the anchor cable length is 3m to 4m. By supporting the top protection layer 13 in advance, a relatively stable working space is created for the mining process of the ore body, avoiding accidents caused by the fall of the surrounding rock in the upper plate and the dilution of the ore caused by mixing into the ore.

[0034] The top cutting hill 11 is parallel to the upper wall boundary of the ore body 1, which is convenient for construction and avoids over-excavation in the upper wall, exposing the surrounding rock of the upper wall and affecting the stability of the top cutting space; and a 1m to 2m protective top layer 13 is left between the top plate of the top cutting hill 11 and the upper wall boundary of the ore body 1.

[0035] S3, cutting: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a cutting shaft 18 is drilled upward at a mine exit tunnel 5 and a trench receiving tunnel 6 in a mine room 26, and a fan-shaped blast hole 21 is drilled toward the ore body 1 at the intersection of the trench receiving tunnel 6 and the mine exit tunnel 5, and a cutting groove is formed by blasting with the cutting shaft 18 as a free surface; Figure 8 As shown, in the trench receiving ore tunnel 6, a fan-shaped blast hole 21 is drilled with the cutting groove as the free surface, and the cutting groove is used as the free space, and blasting is completed in 2-3 times to form a bottom receiving ore space; Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, the cutting shaft 18 is rectangular, 2.5 m long, 1.5 m to 1.8 m wide, and the long side is arranged along the strike direction a of the ore body. Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the row spacing of the cutting fan-shaped blast holes 21 is controlled at 1.3m-1.5m, and the hole bottom spacing is controlled at 1.5m-2m; the fan-shaped blast holes 21 located between the cutting skylight 18 and the mining tunnel 5 are blasted in sections at the same time, and ①-⑧ in the figure represent the sections of the blast holes at the corresponding positions, the first blast hole in each row close to the cutting skylight 18 is the first section ①, and the second blast hole adjacent to it is the second section ②, and so on, and the detonator interval time of adjacent sections is 50ms; after blasting Ore is unearthed from the unearthing tunnel 5 corresponding to the cutting shaft 18. After unearthing is completed, the fan-shaped blast holes 21 on the left and right sides of the cutting shaft 18 are blasted. Four rows of blast holes are blasted at a time. The first row of blast holes on the left and right sides of the cutting shaft 18 is the first section, and so on. The delay interval time of detonators between rows is 50ms. There is no delay interval between blast holes in the same row, that is, they are the same section of detonators. Ore is unearthed after each blasting until all the blast holes are blasted and unearthing is completed, forming a bottom receiving space.

[0036] S4, mining: the first-step mining area 24 and the second-step mining area 25 are mined in the "one-by-one" method; Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, in the top cutting space 19, a downward recovery blast hole 17 is drilled, and the explosive consumption and related blasting parameters are determined according to the throwing blasting, and the ore is crushed and thrown into the trench receiving tunnel 6, so as to overcome the difficulty of field transportation that the gently inclined ore body cannot be discharged by the ore's own weight; the ore is shoveled from each mining tunnel 5 and poured into the nearest chute 8; the ore body in the mine room 26 is blasted 3 to 4 times until the recovery is completed; Before pulling the bottom, parallel blastholes and cutting blastholes are completed at the same time, and holes are drilled against the inclination direction f of the ore body, that is, rock is drilled from the bottom of the mine room 26 upwards; workers must wear safety ropes when loading explosives, and before cutting and mining, barrier doors are installed between the lower uphill passage and the interval top column 14 to prevent thrown ore from collapsing into the mine room connecting tunnel 10 inside the interval top column 14.

[0037] The diameter of the parallel blasthole is D, mm; it is determined according to the empirical formula D = (1 / 50 ~ 1 / 180) H; H is the vertical thickness of the ore 20 required for the top cutting thickness, m; a larger value is taken for well-developed joints and low strength, and a smaller value is taken otherwise; in order to control the impact on the protective top layer 13 after blasting, a filling is set when the blasthole is charged, and the filling length of the blasthole is determined according to the empirical formula L S = (20-25) D, m; at the same time, when drilling the blasthole, set an extra depth of 1m-2m, and the resistance line B is determined according to the empirical formula and the requirements of the throwing blasting, that is, B = (1.0-1.2) L S , m, that is, throwing blasting is adopted; the smaller value is taken for ore with high density and high strength, and the distance between blastholes S=1.15B, m; the number of rows of blasting each time is determined according to the size of the bottom receiving space formed, and the volume of the ore body after being broken and expanded in a single blasting should be smaller than the volume of the bottom receiving space.

[0038] S5, filling: block the mine tunnel 5 and the top cut mountain 11, and then fill the mine room 26. According to the "one-by-one" division of step S4, the first-step stope 24 uses a filling body with a lime-sand ratio of 1:4; the second-step stope 25 uses a filling body with a lime-sand ratio of 1:20 or water-sand filling, which reduces the overall filling cost; Before filling, a filling retaining wall 23 must be set at the intersection of the top cutting uphill 11 and the mine room connecting tunnel 10 in the lower ore body, as well as at the corresponding exits of the mine exit tunnel 5 and the trench receiving tunnel 6 at both ends to prevent slurry from escaping during the mine room filling process; a filling pipeline is arranged from the disk area connecting tunnel 9 to enter the mine room connecting tunnel 10, and the corresponding mine room 26 is filled in the mine room connecting tunnel 10 and the top cutting uphill 11.

[0039] In summary, the present invention proposes a method for mining gently inclined medium-thick to thick ore bodies with broken upper surrounding rocks, which is suitable for gently inclined medium-thick to thick ore bodies with broken upper surrounding rocks, improves the economy, efficiency and safety of mining, and is suitable for promotion.

[0040] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may alter, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick ore body with broken upper wall surrounding rock, characterized in that: The steps are: S1. In one stage, multiple sections are arranged along the vertical direction (c) of the ore body, and multiple panels are divided along the strike direction (a) of the ore body; multiple mine rooms (26) are arranged in the sections of the same panel along the strike direction (a) of the ore body; spacer top pillars (14) are arranged between adjacent mine rooms (26) in the vertical direction (c) of the ore body, and panel ore pillars (22) are left at both ends of the panel along the strike direction (a) of the ore body; S2. A stage transport tunnel (2) is opened between the stage bottom and each segment along the strike direction (a) of the ore body. At the position of the stage transport tunnel (2) corresponding to the center line of the plate area ore pillar (22), after the stope connection tunnel (3) is excavated, a vein transport tunnel (4) is excavated along the strike direction (a) of the ore body. A chute (8) is excavated on one side of the vein transport tunnel (4). The chute (8) directly connects to the stage transport tunnel (2) at the bottom layer. A ramp (7) is excavated downward from the stope connection tunnel (3) of the segment to the stage transport tunnel (2), and a ramp (7) is excavated upward to the stage transport tunnel (2) of the upper stage. A plurality of mine-exit tunnels (5) are excavated from the vein transport tunnel (4) along the direction (a) perpendicular to the strike of the ore body and corresponding to each mine room (26) to a predetermined position at the footwall of the ore body (1), and each mine-exit tunnel (5) is connected to form a trench receiving tunnel (6); A mine room connecting tunnel (10) is opened at the center position of the interval top pillar (14) along the strike direction (a) of the ore body, and a downward inclined panel area connecting tunnel (9) is excavated from the center line position of the panel area ore pillar (22) below the vein transport tunnel (4) to the vertically connected mine room connecting tunnel (10); a cutting top space (19) is opened in the middle of the mine room (26), and as the cutting top space (19) is opened, the top protection anchor rod and anchor cable (16) are used to reinforce the top protection layer (13); S3, in the trench receiving ore tunnel (6), fan-shaped blast holes (21) are drilled with the cutting groove as the free surface, and the cutting groove is used as the free space, and blasting is completed in stages to form a bottom receiving ore space; S4, adopt the "one-by-one" mining method, and the ore body is mined from bottom to top within the stage; S5, the mine exit tunnel (5) and the top cut uphill (11) are blocked, and then the mine room (26) is filled.

2. The method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick to thick ore body with crushed upper wall surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the stage height is controlled at 40m to 60m, the length of a single mine room (26) along the ore body inclination direction (f) is 20m to 30m, and the width along the ore body strike direction (a) is controlled at 15m to 20m; the width of the interval top pillar (14) is 8m to 10m, the length of the panel area along the ore body strike direction (a) is 100m to 120m, and the width of the panel area pillar (22) is 10m to 15m.

3. The method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick ore body with crushed upper wall surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing top column (14) is perpendicular to the protective layer (13).

4. The method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick ore body with crushed upper wall surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the steps of opening the top-cutting space (19) are as follows: a top-cutting hill (11) is opened in the middle of the mine room (26), the mine room connecting tunnel (10) connects the top-cutting hills (11), and a top-cutting cross tunnel (12) is excavated perpendicularly to the top-cutting hills (11) toward both sides of the mine room (26) at the interval top column (14), with the top-cutting hills (11) as the free surface, and the top is cut in the top-cutting cross tunnel (12) to form the top-cutting space (19).

5. The method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick ore body with crushed upper wall surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the length of the stope connection tunnel (3) at the bottom of the stage is greater than the length of the stope connection tunnel (3) at the segment, and the length ratio is 8 to 12:1; the length of the mining tunnel (5) along the ore body inclination direction (b) is 10m to 12m; the predetermined position of the lower wall of the ore body (1) is the position where the vertical distance between the trench mining tunnel (6) and the lower wall boundary of the ore body (1) is 5m to 8m; the thickness of the protective top layer (13) is 1m to 2m; the length of the anchor rod of the protective top anchor rod and the anchor cable (16) is 1.5m to 2m, and the length of the anchor cable is 3m to 4m.

6. The method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick ore body with crushed upper wall surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the cutting groove is formed by drilling a cutting shaft (18) upwards at a mine exit tunnel (5) and a trench receiving tunnel (6) in a mine room (26); drilling a fan-shaped blast hole (21) into the ore body (1) at the intersection of the trench receiving tunnel (6) and the mine exit tunnel (5); and blasting to form the cutting groove by using the cutting shaft (18) as a free surface.

7. The method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick to thick ore body with crushed upper wall surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the steps of mining are as follows: in the top cutting space (19), a downward mining blast hole (17) is drilled, and the explosive consumption and related blasting parameters are determined according to the throwing blasting, the ore is crushed and thrown into the trench receiving tunnel (6), and the ore is shoveled from each mining tunnel (5) and poured into the nearest chute (8); the ore body in the mine room (26) is blasted 3 to 4 times until the mining is completed.

8. The method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick ore body with crushed upper wall surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the top cutting uphill (11), the mine room connecting tunnel (10), the panel area connecting tunnel (9), the vein transportation tunnel (4), the mining field connecting tunnel (3) and the stage transportation tunnel (2) form a common passage for ventilation, pedestrians, equipment passage and filling, forming a complete ventilation system and multiple safety exits.

9. The method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick to thick ore body with crushed upper wall surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before filling in step S5, a filling retaining wall (23) needs to be set at the junction of the top cutting uphill (11) and the mine room communication tunnel (10) and at the corresponding exits of the mine exit tunnel (5) and the trench receiving tunnel (6).

10. The method for mining a gently inclined medium-thick ore body with crushed upper wall surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the filling in step S5, the first-step stope (24) uses a filling body with a lime-sand mass ratio of 1:4; the second-step stope (25) uses a filling body with a lime-sand mass ratio of 1:20 or water-sand filling.

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