Anchor rod type mine roadway surrounding rock stress monitoring system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an anchor rod type mine laneway surrounding rock stress monitoring system, which comprises a hollow anchor rod, a high-precision strain rosette, a strain collector, a gateway, fault prediction and health management software and a server, and is characterized in that the rod body of the hollow anchor rod is of a hollow structure, the high-precision strain rosette is fixed in the hollow rod body, and the strain collector is fixed in the hollow rod body; the strain collector communicates with the gateway through an RS485 bus, the gateway communicates with the fault prediction and health management software and the server in an optical fiber mode, a hollow anchor rod supporting product which is most commonly used at present is utilized in the scheme, the high-precision resistance type strain gauge is arranged in the hollow anchor rod supporting product, the installation form is consistent with that of an anchor rod, and the high-precision resistance type strain gauge can penetrate into a rock stratum; the distributed roadway surrounding rock stress monitoring system is formed, the mine roadway surrounding rock stress change condition can be accurately and comprehensively monitored and pre-warned in real time, different pre-warning signals are sent out in advance, maintenance workers are supervised and urged to take reinforcement measures or evacuate in time, and therefore collapse accidents are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of stress monitoring of surrounding rock in mine roadways, and particularly relates to an anchor bolt type stress monitoring system and method for surrounding rock in mine roadways. Background Art

[0002] Coal resources are one of the important energy consumption resources in China. With the increase in the scale of coal resource exploitation, the potential hazards of mine geological disasters associated with high-intensity mining patterns and over-capacity production are increasing day by day. Under the special environment of "three highs and one disturbance" in large-scale and high-intensity mining geological conditions, the influence is becoming more and more significant, such as the increase in coal seam gas content, the influence of high temperature in goaf and working face, the aggravation of high-confined water influence, the increased possibility of rock burst manifestation, the increased risk of rock burst, the accelerated deformation rate of roadway surrounding rock, and the prominent geological problems such as surface subsidence caused by mining. These problems have attracted everyone's attention to mine safety. They will not only affect the safe and efficient production of mines, but also may cause serious casualties and social disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive measures for relevant mine accidents in advance and conduct effective testing and evaluation.

[0003] In-situ stress is the fundamental acting force that causes deformation and damage to mine roadways and other underground projects. The magnitude and direction of in-situ stress directly affect the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway. Measuring the in-situ stress of the original rock of the roadway and studying the stress distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock are necessary prerequisites for analyzing the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway and realizing the scientific design of underground engineering excavation.

[0004] Anchor bolts are the most basic components of roadway support in contemporary coal mines. They reinforce the surrounding rock of the roadway together, enabling the surrounding rock to support itself. Now, anchor bolts are not only used in mines but also in engineering technologies to reinforce the main bodies of slopes, tunnels, and dams. As one of the main support forms for underground engineering and rock slopes, anchor bolts play an important role in maintaining the stability of civil engineering and have an obvious reinforcement effect on rock masses.

[0005] Currently, for the stress monitoring of roadway surrounding rock, there are mainly: 1. Borehole stress monitoring technology, which directly installs sensors into the rock boreholes where stress needs to be measured. The burial position of this borehole stress gauge, the setting of the initial pressure value, and the coupling effect with the stiffness of the rock mass will all affect the analysis of the test accuracy, distribution, and variation law; 2. Directly monitor the force on the anchor bolt support, using manual intermittent observation and data collection. The monitoring results are lagging, and the length of modern coal mine roadways is relatively long, with a large workload, making it difficult to conduct full-range online real-time monitoring of mine roadways. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes an anchor - type surrounding rock stress distribution monitoring system that is less affected by the on - site environment, has high measurement accuracy, and can achieve continuous real - time online monitoring. Its technical solution is as follows: An anchor - type mine roadway surrounding rock stress monitoring system, which includes a hollow - type anchor rod, a high - precision strain rosette, a strain collector, a gateway, a fault prediction and health management PHM software, and a server.

[0007] Among them, the rod body of the hollow - type anchor rod is designed as a hollow structure for installing a high - precision strain rosette. The high - precision strain rosette is fixed inside the hollow rod body to sense the surrounding rock stress and generate signals. The strain collector communicates with the gateway through the RS485 bus to complete the transmission and aggregation of signals. The gateway is connected to the fault prediction and health management software and the server through optical fibers to ensure the high - efficiency and stability of data transmission, and thus achieve the accurate monitoring and analysis of the surrounding rock stress in the mine roadway.

[0008] Based on the above technical features, the core of the present invention lies in the installation method of the sensor inside the anchor rod, the distribution method (spacing, depth, etc.) of the monitoring anchor rods in the roadway, the processing of the collected parameters by the strain acquisition module to convert them into corresponding changes in bending moment and torque, and the setting of data analysis and processing algorithms and alarm rules for different surrounding rock materials and structures.

[0009] As an improvement of the present invention, the high - precision strain rosette is fixed inside the hollow rod body by aviation glue or welding, and a data connection line is led out at the tail of the anchor rod.

[0010] As an improvement of the present invention, an anchor - type mine roadway surrounding rock stress monitoring method, the method includes: The hollow - type anchor rod is installed in the roadway surrounding rock mass in a conventional anchor installation method. When the structure of the surrounding rock mass at this place changes, it will cause changes in the bending moment and torque of the hollow - type anchor rod; The changes in the bending moment and torque of this anchor rod are reflected by the changes in the strain measured by the high - precision strain rosette, and are connected to the strain collector through the data connection line; The strain collector communicates with the gateway through the RS485 bus; The gateway communicates with the fault prediction and health management software and the server by optical fiber, and sends the collected detection data to the fault prediction and health management software and the server in real - time and continuously; The software platform displays, analyzes, and stores the data, and reads the monitoring data in real - time for intelligent analysis and roadway safety warning.

[0011] As an improvement of the present invention, the strain collector communicates with the gateway through the RS485 bus and supports multiple connection modes, including series connection and star connection. The number of gateways and the number and distribution mode of strain collectors can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific number and distribution form of the hollow anchor bolts to ensure the efficient operation of the monitoring system and the comprehensive coverage of data collection.

[0012] As an improvement of the present invention, the strain collector is composed of a strain bridge circuit, an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter AD, and a digital signal processor DSP. The strain bridge circuit forms a Wheatstone bridge with high-precision strain gauges. When the high-precision strain gauges are subjected to external forces, their resistance will change. This resistance change is converted into a voltage change through the Wheatstone bridge, and the voltage signal is amplified by the amplifier. The amplified signal is transmitted to the analog-to-digital converter for digital acquisition, and finally, digital signal processing is performed by the DSP.

[0013] As an improvement of the present invention, the calculation method for surrounding rock stress monitoring is designed as an algorithm module and embedded in the DSP digital signal processor to achieve real-time data processing. The data processed by the DSP is transmitted to the gateway through the RS485 bus and then sent to the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) software and server through optical fibers to realize centralized storage, analysis, and display of the data.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The solution of the present invention utilizes the currently most commonly used hollow anchor bolt support products, with high-precision resistive strain gauges built therein. The installation form is the same as that of the anchor bolts and can penetrate deep into the rock formation, forming a distributed roadway surrounding rock stress monitoring system, which can accurately, comprehensively, and real-time monitor and give early warnings about the changes in the surrounding rock stress of the mine roadway, send out different early warning signals in advance, urge maintenance workers to take reinforcement measures, or evacuate in time, thereby avoiding the occurrence of collapse accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a combined schematic diagram of a hollow anchor bolt and a high-precision strain gauge; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of a mine roadway; Figure 3 It is a system structure diagram of this embodiment.

[0016] List of drawing reference signs: 1 - hollow anchor bolt, 2 - high-precision strain gauge, 3 - strain collector, 4 - gateway, 5 - Prognostics and Health Management software and server. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0017] The following further clarifies the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0018] Example: As Figures 1-3 shown, an anchor - type stress monitoring system for mine roadway surrounding rock includes a hollow - type anchor 1, a high - precision strain rosette 2, a strain collector 3, a gateway 4, a fault prediction and health management software and server 5.

[0019] Step 1: The rod body of the hollow - type anchor 1 is of a hollow structure. The high - precision strain rosette 2 is fixed in the hollow rod body by aviation glue or welding, and a data connection line is led out from the tail of the anchor.

[0020] Step 2: The hollow - type anchor 1 is installed in the surrounding rock mass of the roadway in a conventional anchor installation method. When the structure of the surrounding rock mass at this place changes, it will cause changes in bending moment and torque on the hollow - type anchor 1. The changes in bending moment and torque of this anchor are reflected by the changes in the strain measured by the high - precision strain rosette 2, and are connected to the strain collector 3 through the data connection line.

[0021] Step 3: The strain collector 3 and the gateway 4 communicate through the RS485 bus, and are connected in series or in a star - shaped manner; the number and distribution method of the gateway 4 and the strain collector 3 are adjusted accordingly according to the number and distribution method of the hollow - type anchor 1.

[0022] Step 4: The gateway and the fault prediction and health management software and server use fiber - optic communication to realize real - time and continuous transmission of the collected detection data to the software and server platform. This software platform is based on the B / S architecture, mainly used for visual display, analysis and storage of data, and at the same time has a real - time monitoring function, which can perform intelligent analysis on the monitoring data and provide early warnings for roadway safety. By combining structural mechanics analysis, the platform can realize intelligent stress monitoring and early warning functions for the surrounding rock of the roadway.

[0023] Furthermore, the corresponding calculation method is written as an algorithm module and written into the DSP digital signal processor for real - time processing. The processed data is connected to the gateway 4 through the RS485 bus, and then sent to the fault prediction and health management software and server 5 through the optical fiber.

[0024] Furthermore, the processed data is connected to the gateway 4 through the RS485 bus, and then sent to the fault prediction and health management software and server 5 through the optical fiber.

[0025] Furthermore, the software platform can intuitively display the stress conditions of the bolt-type stress monitoring devices at different positions, and real-time show the stress distribution status of the devices through a graphical interface. The platform is built-in with an early warning module, which can continuously monitor the stress conditions of each bolt-type stress monitoring device. When the stress state approaches or exceeds the set safety threshold, the early warning module will trigger an alarm mechanism and provide detailed abnormal stress information for users to quickly identify and respond. By combining structural mechanics analysis, the system realizes the safety monitoring and intelligent early warning of the surrounding rock stress in the mine roadway, effectively improving the scientificity and efficiency of roadway stability management.

[0026] The present invention is innovatively designed on the basis of traditional bolt technology. By welding strain gauges inside the hollow bolt to form a high-precision strain rosette, it is used to sense the stress changes of the surrounding rock in the mine roadway. The system constructs a multi-point distributed monitoring network, which can achieve high-precision real-time online monitoring and long-term stable monitoring, providing continuous and reliable data support. Through the intelligent analysis and processing of the monitoring data, the present invention realizes the early identification of mine disasters and the accurate prediction of dangerous areas, providing technical guarantee for mine safety management and significantly improving the safety and efficiency of underground operations.

[0027] It should be noted that the above content only illustrates the technical idea of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchor-type mine tunnel surrounding rock stress monitoring system, characterized in that: The system includes a hollow anchor rod, a high-precision strain rosette, a strain collector, a gateway, fault prediction and health management software and a server. The rod body of the hollow anchor rod is a hollow structure, and the high-precision strain rosette is fixed in the hollow rod body. The strain collector communicates with the gateway through an RS485 bus, and the gateway communicates with the fault prediction and health management software and the server through optical fiber.

2. The anchor-type mine tunnel surrounding rock stress monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-precision strain rosette is fixed in the hollow rod body by aviation glue or welding, and a data connection line is led out at the tail of the anchor rod.

3. A method for monitoring surrounding rock stress in a mine tunnel using an anchor rod according to the system of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The method comprises: The hollow anchor is installed in the surrounding rock mass of the tunnel in the conventional anchor installation method. When the surrounding rock mass structure changes, the bending moment and torque of the hollow anchor will change. The change of bending moment and torque of the anchor rod is reflected by the change of strain measured by the high-precision strain rosette, and is connected to the strain collector through a data connection line; The strain collector communicates with the gateway via RS485 bus; The gateway communicates with the fault prediction and health management software and server through optical fiber, and sends the collected detection data to the fault prediction and health management software and server in real time and continuously; The software platform displays, analyzes and stores data, and reads monitoring data in real time to perform intelligent analysis and lane safety warnings.

4. The bolt-type mine tunnel surrounding rock stress monitoring method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The strain collector communicates with the gateway via the RS485 bus, using series and star connections. The number of gateways and the number and distribution of strain collectors are flexibly adjusted according to the specific number and distribution of hollow anchors to ensure efficient operation of the monitoring system and comprehensive coverage of data collection.

5. The method for monitoring surrounding rock stress in bolted mine tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The strain collector is composed of a strain bridge, an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter AD and a digital signal processor DSP. The strain bridge is composed of a high-precision strain rosette to form a Wheatstone bridge. When the high-precision strain rosette is subjected to an external force, its resistance will change. The resistance change is converted into a voltage change through the Wheatstone bridge, and the voltage signal is amplified by the amplifier. The amplified signal is transmitted to the analog-to-digital converter for digital collection, and finally digital signal processing is performed through the DSP.

6. The bolt-type mine tunnel surrounding rock stress monitoring method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The calculation method of surrounding rock stress monitoring is designed as an algorithm module and embedded in the DSP digital signal processor to realize real-time data processing. The data processed by DSP is transmitted to the gateway through the RS485 bus and then sent to the fault prediction and health management PHM software and server through optical fiber to realize centralized storage, analysis and display of data.

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