Long-distance replaceable shield body seal structure and replacement seal construction method thereof
By using a hinged seal replacement mechanism and a tail shield seal replacement mechanism in the shield equipment, the hinged seal ring and shield tail brush are not required to be stopped during long-distance subway shield construction, which solves the problem of shutting down and replacement after the seal is worn in traditional technology, and improves construction continuity and safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411879640.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-25
AI Technical Summary
In the construction of long-distance subway shields, the shield tail sealing brush is prone to wear, resulting in the formation of local seepage channels. In severe cases, it may cause damage and cracking of the pipe section, and even safety accidents such as ground collapse. In addition, traditional maintenance methods are costly and risky, making it difficult to replace worn parts in time.
The structure of long-distance replaceable shield seal and its replacement sealing method include a hinged seal replacement mechanism and a tail shield seal replacement mechanism. Through the cooperation of the oil cylinder and the piston rod, the hinged seal ring and shield tail brush can be replaced without shutting down the shield mechanism.
It realizes that the articulated seal ring and shield tail brush can be replaced without shutdown during tunnel excavation, which improves construction continuity and solves the problem that seals must be shut down and replaced after wear in traditional technology.
Smart Images
Figure CN119686756A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shield equipment maintenance, and in particular to a shield body seal structure capable of being replaced over a long distance and a seal replacement method thereof. Background Art
[0002] With the in-depth development of urban development and the efficient use of underground space, the scope of subway construction has been continuously expanded, and shield construction has become the mainstream construction method. However, in long-distance subway shield construction, the shield tail sealing brush is very easy to wear, resulting in the formation of local water seepage channels, which may cause damage and cracking of the pipe segments, and even cause safety accidents such as ground collapse.
[0003] At present, the construction of urban infrastructure and livelihood projects at home and abroad is advancing rapidly, but the urban surface buildings are dense, the underground pipelines are complex and diverse, and the construction environment is increasingly restricted. This puts higher requirements on the functionality and reliability of shield machines. Especially in long-distance excavation and frequent turning construction, the articulated seal is prone to wear and failure, and the wear problem of the shield tail brush is also serious, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the shield tail seal and an inability to effectively prevent mud and water leakage.
[0004] The traditional solution relies on opening a wellhead on the ground and hoisting the shield machine out for maintenance. However, this method is not only costly and risky, but also difficult to find conditions for opening a well due to limited construction sites in dense urban environments. As a result, the worn articulated seals and shield tail brushes cannot be replaced in time, further exacerbating the risk of leakage and affecting construction quality and safety.
[0005] Currently, no effective solution has been proposed for the problems in the related technologies. Summary of the invention
[0006] In view of the problems in the related art, the present invention proposes a shield seal structure with long-distance replaceability and a seal replacement method thereof to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related art.
[0007] To this end, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: According to one aspect of the present invention, a structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal is provided, and the structure of the long-distance replaceable shield seal is composed of a plurality of articulated seal replacement mechanisms and a tail shield seal replacement mechanism arranged around the outer side of the shield body; the articulated seal replacement mechanism comprises a front shield shell arranged at one end inside the shield body, a first ear seat is arranged at one end of the front shield shell, a first oil cylinder is arranged at one end of the first ear seat, a second ear seat is arranged at one end of the first oil cylinder, and a push rod is arranged at one end of the second ear seat; a second oil cylinder is arranged in the middle of the front shield shell, and a piston rod of the second oil cylinder A crossbeam plate is arranged at the bottom end, a third oil cylinder is arranged at one end of the crossbeam plate, a first articulated shield shell is arranged at the top end of the third oil cylinder, a fixing frame is arranged at one side of the crossbeam plate, an articulated spherical body is arranged at one side of the fixing frame, and a plurality of articulated sealing rings are arranged between the front shield shell and the articulated spherical body; the tail shield seal replacement mechanism comprises a second articulated shield shell connected to the first articulated shield shell, a third ear seat is arranged at one end inside the second articulated shield shell, a fourth oil cylinder is arranged at one side of the third ear seat, a fourth ear seat is arranged at one end of the fourth oil cylinder, and a tail shield body is arranged at the outer side of the fourth ear seat.
[0008] Furthermore, in order to realize the connection between various components and make the sealing steel ring easily pushed out and retracted, the gap between the articulated spherical body and the front shield shell can be adjusted by controlling the extension and retraction of the second oil cylinder and the third oil cylinder, so that the worn articulated sealing ring can be better extracted, and a new articulated sealing ring can be replaced, as well as the shield tail brush. The cylinder body of the first oil cylinder and the first ear seat, the piston rod of the first oil cylinder and the second ear seat, the piston rod of the second oil cylinder and the cross beam plate, the piston rod of the third oil cylinder and the cross beam plate, the partition of the articulated spherical body and the cross beam plate, the fixing frame and the cross beam plate, the cylinder body of the fourth oil cylinder and the third ear seat, and the piston rod of the fourth oil cylinder and the fourth ear seat are all connected by a pin shaft; one end of the push rod is connected to the sealing steel ring by a thread; the outer side of the push rod and along the direction close to the sealing steel ring A first dustproof sealing ring, a first copper sleeve and a first ISI type seal are arranged in sequence; a T-shaped sealing ring is arranged at one end of the sealing steel ring; the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder and the front shield shell, and the cylinder body of the third oil cylinder and the first hinged shield shell are connected by a first screw; the hinged spherical body and the first hinged shield shell are connected by a second screw, and a replacement sealing window is opened on the outer side of the hinged spherical body; a rubber ring is arranged at one end of the front shield shell, and the front shield shell and the rubber ring are connected by a third screw; a second ISI type seal, a second copper sleeve and a second dustproof sealing ring are arranged on the inner side of the second hinged shield shell and in a direction away from the third ear seat; a pressure plate ring is arranged at one end of the second hinged shield shell, and the second hinged shield shell and the pressure plate ring are connected by a fourth screw; a plurality of shield tail brushes are arranged at one end of the tail shield and the other end close to the shield body.
[0009] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for replacing a seal of a long-distance replaceable shield seal structure is provided, and the method for replacing a seal of a long-distance replaceable shield seal structure comprises: replacing a hinged seal ring and replacing a shield tail brush; Replacing the hinge seal involves the following steps: S11, ejecting the sealing steel ring to the first hinged shield shell through the first oil cylinder; S12, open the replacement sealing window on the articulated spherical body, install the second oil cylinder and the third oil cylinder respectively, then install the crossbeam plate with the second oil cylinder, the third oil cylinder, the fixing frame and the partition of the articulated spherical body respectively through the pin shaft, and remove the second screw installed between the articulated spherical body and the first articulated shield shell; S13, adjusting the gap between the articulated spherical body and the front shield shell through the second oil cylinder and the third oil cylinder, and cutting off the articulated sealing ring through the replacement sealing window on the articulated spherical body, and extracting it in sections; S14, adjusting the gap between the articulated spherical body and the front shield shell again by the second oil cylinder and the third oil cylinder, threading the articulated sealing ring onto the front shield shell through the replacement sealing window on the articulated spherical body, and gluing the interface of the articulated sealing ring; Replacing the shield tail brush includes the following steps: S21, blocking the mud and water outside the shield body by grouting; S22, the piston rod of the fourth oil cylinder is extended to extend the tail shield body, and the shield machine is pushed forward by the thrust cylinder until the tail brush on the tail shield body leaks out; S23, cutting off the deformed shield tail brush and welding a new shield tail brush; S24, retract the piston rod of the fourth oil cylinder to retract the tail shield body and the tail brush on the tail shield body.
[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention can realize the replacement of the articulated sealing ring and the tail brush of the shield during tunnel excavation through the articulated sealing replacement mechanism and the tail shield sealing replacement mechanism, without stopping the machine to lift out the shield machine, thereby greatly improving the construction continuity and solving the problems that the articulated sealing ring and the tail brush of the shield are difficult to replace due to wear during long-distance advancement and the traditional technology must be shut down after the articulated sealing strip and the tail brush of the shield are worn. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0012] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle A; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a seal replacement state in a seal replacement method of a structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an initial state of replacing a seal in a method for replacing a seal of a structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a state in which a tail shield is extended in a sealing replacement method of a structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a state in which a piston rod of a propulsion cylinder is extended to a pipe segment in a seal replacement method of a structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a state in which a piston rod of a propulsion cylinder pushes against a pipe segment to advance a shield body until the first layer of a shield tail brush leaks out in a seal replacement method of a structure of a long-distance replaceable shield body seal according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a state in which the second shield brush leaks out after the piston rod of the fourth oil cylinder retracts to drive the tail shield to retract in a seal replacement method of a structure of a long-distance replaceable shield body seal according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the state of assembling short pipe segments after replacing two leaked shield tail brushes in a replacement sealing method of a structure of a long-distance replaceable shield body seal according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a flow chart of replacing a hinged sealing ring in a sealing replacement method of a structure of a long-distance replaceable shield body seal according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 The present invention is a flowchart of replacing a shield tail brush in a method for replacing a seal of a structure in which a shield body seal can be replaced over a long distance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0013] In the figure: 1. Shield body; 2. Front shield shell; 3. First ear seat; 4. First oil cylinder; 5. Second ear seat; 6. Push rod; 7. Second oil cylinder; 8. Crossbeam plate; 9. Third oil cylinder; 10. First hinged shield shell; 11. Fixed frame; 12. Articulated spherical body; 13. Articulated sealing ring; 14. Second hinged shield shell; 15. Third ear seat; 16. Fourth oil cylinder; 17. Fourth ear seat; 18. Tail shield; 19. Sealing steel Ring; 20, first dustproof sealing ring; 21, first copper sleeve; 22, first ISI type seal; 23, T-type sealing ring; 24, first screw; 25, second screw; 26, replacement of sealing window; 27, rubber ring; 28, third screw; 29, second ISI type seal; 30, second copper sleeve; 31, second dustproof sealing ring; 32, pressure plate ring; 33, fourth screw; 34, shield tail brush; 35, grouting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] To further illustrate each embodiment, the present invention provides drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention and are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, ordinary technicians in the field should be able to understand other possible implementations and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.
[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a shield seal structure with long-distance replaceability and a seal replacement method thereof are provided.
[0016] The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Figure 1-3As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal is provided, and the structure of the long-distance replaceable shield seal is composed of a plurality of articulated seal replacement mechanisms and a tail shield seal replacement mechanism which are arranged around the outer side of the shield body; the articulated seal replacement mechanism comprises a front shield shell 2 which is arranged at one end inside the shield body 1, a first ear seat 3 is arranged at one end inside the front shield shell 2, a first oil cylinder 4 is arranged at one end of the first ear seat 3, a second ear seat 5 is arranged at one end of the first oil cylinder 4, and a push rod 6 is arranged at one end of the second ear seat 5; a second oil cylinder 7 is arranged at the middle part of the front shield shell 2, a cross beam plate 8 is arranged at the bottom end of the piston rod of the second oil cylinder 7, a third oil cylinder 9 is arranged at one end of the cross beam plate 8, a first articulated shield shell 10 is arranged at the top end of the third oil cylinder 9, a fixing frame 11 is arranged at one side of the cross beam plate 8, and an articulated spherical body 12 is arranged at one side of the fixing frame 11, and a front shield shell 2 is provided with a plurality of articulated seal replacement mechanisms; A plurality of articulated sealing rings 13 are arranged between the shield body shell 2 and the articulated spherical body 12; the tail shield seal replacement mechanism includes a second articulated shield body shell 14 connected to the first articulated shield body shell 10, a third ear seat 15 is arranged at one end inside the second articulated shield body shell 14, a fourth oil cylinder 16 is arranged on one side of the third ear seat 15, a fourth ear seat 17 is arranged at one end of the fourth oil cylinder 16, and a tail shield body 18 is arranged on the outer side of the fourth ear seat 17; the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder 4 and the first ear seat 3, the piston rod of the first oil cylinder 4 and the second ear seat 5, the piston rod of the second oil cylinder 7 and the cross beam plate 8, the piston rod of the third oil cylinder 9 and the cross beam plate 8, the partition of the articulated spherical body 12 and the cross beam plate 8, the fixing frame 11 and the cross beam plate 8, the cylinder body of the fourth oil cylinder 16 and the third ear seat 15, and the piston rod of the fourth oil cylinder 16 and the fourth ear seat 17 are all connected by pins.
[0017] In addition, it should be supplemented that the first ear seat 3 is fixed to the front shield shell 2 by welding, and the second ear seat 5 and the top rod 6 are connected together by screws.
[0018] The hinged sealing ring 13 is installed on the front shield shell 2 and cooperates with the hinged spherical body 12. There is a certain gap between the hinged spherical body 12 and the front shield shell 2.
[0019] The third ear seat 15 is fixed on the second hinged shield shell 14 by welding. The second hinged shield shell 14 is processed with a sealing strip ring groove and a copper sleeve ring groove.
[0020] The fourth ear seat 17 is fixed on the tail shield body 18 by welding.
[0021] In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned push rod 6, the second oil cylinder 7 and the articulated spherical body 12, one end of the push rod 6 is connected to the sealing steel ring 19 through a thread; the first dustproof sealing ring 20, the first copper sleeve 21 and the first ISI type seal 22 are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the push rod 6 and along the direction close to the sealing steel ring 19; a T-shaped sealing ring 23 is arranged at one end of the sealing steel ring 19; the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder 7 and the front shield shell 2 and the cylinder body of the third oil cylinder 9 and the first articulated shield shell 10 are connected by a first screw 24; the articulated spherical body 12 and the first articulated shield shell 10 are connected by a second screw 25, and a replacement sealing window 26 is opened on the outer side of the articulated spherical body 12, so that the expansion and contraction of the sealing steel ring 19 can be pushed by the expansion and contraction of the first oil cylinder 4.
[0022] Specifically, the articulated seal replacement mechanism is evenly distributed on the circumference of the shield body 1, so that the sealing steel ring 19 can be easily pushed out and retracted. At the same time, the gap between the articulated spherical body 12 and the front shield shell 2 can be adjusted by controlling the extension and contraction of the second oil cylinder 7 and the third oil cylinder 9, so that the worn articulated seal ring 13 can be better extracted, and a new articulated seal ring 13 can also be replaced.
[0023] In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned front shield shell 2, a rubber ring 27 is provided at one end of the front shield shell 2, and the front shield shell 2 and the rubber ring 27 are connected by a third screw 28; a second ISI type seal 29, a second copper sleeve 30 and a second dustproof seal 31 are provided on the inner side of the second hinged shield shell 14 and in a direction away from the third ear seat 15; a pressure plate ring 32 is provided at one end of the second hinged shield shell 14, and the second hinged shield shell 14 and the pressure plate ring 32 are connected by a fourth screw 33; a plurality of shield tail brushes 34 are provided at one end of the tail shield body 18 and the other end close to the shield body 1, and the extension and contraction of the rear shield body 18 can be controlled by the extension and contraction of the fourth oil cylinder 16, and the fourth oil cylinder 16 and the third ear seat 15 and the fourth ear seat 17 are evenly distributed around the circumference, so that the extension and contraction of the rear shield body 18 is smoother.
[0024] like Figure 4-12 As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a method for replacing a seal of a long-distance replaceable shield seal structure is provided, and the method for replacing a seal of a long-distance replaceable shield seal structure includes: replacing the hinged seal ring 13 and replacing the shield tail brush 34; When the hinged sealing ring 13 is damaged and needs to be replaced, the replacement of the hinged sealing ring 13 includes the following steps: S11, push the sealing steel ring 19 out to the first hinged shield shell 10 through the first oil cylinder 4; S12, open the replacement sealing window 26 on the articulated spherical body 12, and install the second oil cylinder 7 and the third oil cylinder 9 respectively, then install the crossbeam plate 8 with the second oil cylinder 7, the third oil cylinder 9, the fixing frame 11 and the partition of the articulated spherical body 12 respectively through the pin shaft, and remove the second screw 25 installed between the articulated spherical body 12 and the first articulated shield shell 10; S13, adjusting the gap between the articulated spherical body 12 and the front shield shell 2 through the second oil cylinder 7 and the third oil cylinder 9, and cutting off the articulated sealing ring 13 through the replacement sealing window 26 on the articulated spherical body 12, and extracting it in sections; S14, adjusting the gap between the articulated spherical body 12 and the front shield shell 2 again through the second oil cylinder 7 and the third oil cylinder 9, threading the articulated sealing ring 13 onto the front shield shell 2 through the replacement sealing window 26 on the articulated spherical body 12, and gluing the interface of the articulated sealing ring 13; When the tail brush 34 of the tail shield fails, the replacement of the tail brush 34 includes the following steps: S21, blocking the mud and water outside the shield body 1 by grouting, specifically, grouting can be performed through the grouting holes 35; S22, the piston rod of the fourth oil cylinder 16 is extended to extend the tail shield body 18, and the shield body 1 is pushed forward by the thrust cylinder until the tail brush 34 on the tail shield body 18 leaks out; S23, cutting off the deformed shield tail brush 34, and welding a new shield tail brush 34; S24, retract the piston rod of the fourth oil cylinder 16, retract the tail shield body 18 and the tail brush 34 on the tail shield body 18, and then assemble a short pipe segment shorter than the standard to allow the thrust cylinder to continue to push the pipe segment to move the shield body forward.
[0025] It should be noted that the grouting method is to inject mortar into the grouting holes of the first ring of segments behind the shield tail to prevent mud and water from entering the shield body.
[0026] Specifically, if Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the sealing state of replacement, at this time, the sealing steel ring 19 is pushed out, the tail shield body 18 is in an extended state, the cover plate of the sealing window 26 is opened, and the hinged sealing ring 13 is leaked out.
[0027] like Figure 5 The figure shows the initial state diagram of the replacement sealing state.
[0028] like Figure 7 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the state in which the piston rod of the propulsion cylinder is extended to the pipe segment. At this time, the sealing steel ring 19 is pushed out, the tail shield body 18 is in an extended and backward state, the cover plate for replacing the sealing window 26 is opened, and the hinged sealing ring 13 leaks out.
[0029] like Figure 8 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the state in which the piston rod of the propulsion cylinder pushes the shield body forward against the pipe segment until the first brush of the shield tail leaks out. At this time, the sealing steel ring 19 is pushed out, the tail shield body 18 is in an extended and backward state, the cover plate for replacing the sealing window 26 is opened, and the hinged sealing ring 13 leaks out.
[0030] like Fig. 9 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the state in which the piston rod of the fourth oil cylinder 16 retracts and drives the tail shield body 18 to retract, and the shield tail brush 34 leaks out the second layer. At this time, the sealing steel ring 19 is pushed out, and after the tail shield body 18 retracts, the second shield tail brush 34 leaks out, the cover plate for replacing the sealing window 26 is opened, and the hinged sealing ring 13 leaks out.
[0031] like Fig.10 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the state of assembling the short pipe segment after replacing the two leaked shield tail brushes 34. At this time, the sealing steel ring 19 is pushed out, and after the tail shield body 18 is retracted, the second shield tail brush 34 is leaked, the cover plate of the replacement sealing window 26 is opened, and the hinged sealing ring 13 is leaked.
[0032] In summary, with the aid of the above-mentioned technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention can realize the replacement of the articulated sealing ring 13 and the tail brush 34 of the shield during tunnel excavation through the articulated seal replacement mechanism and the tail shield seal replacement mechanism, without stopping the shield machine to lift it out, thereby greatly improving the construction continuity and solving the problem that the articulated sealing ring 13 and the tail brush 34 are difficult to replace due to wear during long-distance advancement and the problem that the traditional technology must be shut down after the articulated sealing strip and the tail brush of the shield are worn.
[0033] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms such as "installation", "setting", "connection", "fixation" and "screw-on" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Unless otherwise clearly defined, ordinary technicians in this field can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A long-distance replaceable shield seal structure, characterized in that: The structure of the long-distance replaceable shield seal comprises a plurality of hinged seal replacement mechanisms and a tail shield seal replacement mechanism arranged around the outside of the shield body; The hinged seal replacement mechanism comprises a front shield shell (2) arranged at one end inside the shield body (1); a first ear seat (3) is arranged at one end inside the front shield shell (2); a first oil cylinder (4) is arranged at one end of the first ear seat (3); a second ear seat (5) is arranged at one end of the first oil cylinder (4); and a push rod (6) is arranged at one end of the second ear seat (5); A second oil cylinder (7) is arranged in the middle of the front shield shell (2); a crossbeam plate (8) is arranged at the bottom end of the piston rod of the second oil cylinder (7); a third oil cylinder (9) is arranged at one end of the crossbeam plate (8); a first hinged shield shell (10) is arranged at the top end of the third oil cylinder (9); a fixing frame (11) is arranged on one side of the crossbeam plate (8); a hinged spherical body (12) is arranged on one side of the fixing frame (11); and a plurality of hinged sealing rings (13) are arranged between the front shield shell (2) and the hinged spherical body (12); The tail shield seal replacement mechanism comprises a second hinged shield shell (14) connected to the first hinged shield shell (10); a third ear seat (15) is arranged at one end inside the second hinged shield shell (14); a fourth oil cylinder (16) is arranged on one side of the third ear seat (15); a fourth ear seat (17) is arranged at one end of the fourth oil cylinder (16); and a tail shield body (18) is arranged on the outer side of the fourth ear seat (17).
2. The structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder body of the first oil cylinder (4) and the first ear seat (3), the piston rod of the first oil cylinder (4) and the second ear seat (5), the piston rod of the second oil cylinder (7) and the cross beam plate (8), the piston rod of the third oil cylinder (9) and the cross beam plate (8), the partition plate of the articulated spherical body (12) and the cross beam plate (8), the fixing frame (11) and the cross beam plate (8), the cylinder body of the fourth oil cylinder (16) and the third ear seat (15), and the piston rod of the fourth oil cylinder (16) and the fourth ear seat (17) are all connected via pins.
3. The structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the push rod (6) is connected to the sealing steel ring (19) via a thread; A first dustproof sealing ring (20), a first copper sleeve (21) and a first ISI type seal (22) are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the push rod (6) and in a direction close to the sealing steel ring (19).
4. The structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to claim 3, characterized in that: A T-shaped sealing ring (23) is provided at one end of the sealing steel ring (19).
5. The structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cylinder body of the second oil cylinder (7) and the front shield shell (2) as well as the cylinder body of the third oil cylinder (9) and the first hinged shield shell (10) are both connected via first screws (24).
6. The structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to claim 5, characterized in that: The articulated spherical body (12) and the first articulated shield shell (10) are connected via a second screw (25), and a replacement sealing window (26) is provided on the outer side of the articulated spherical body (12).
7. The structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to claim 6, characterized in that: A rubber ring (27) is provided at one end of the front shield shell (2), and the front shield shell (2) and the rubber ring (27) are connected via a third screw (28).
8. The structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second ISI type seal (29), a second copper sleeve (30) and a second dustproof seal ring (31) are arranged on the inner side of the second hinged shield shell (14) and in a direction away from the third ear seat (15); A pressure plate ring (32) is provided at one end of the second hinged shield shell (14), and the second hinged shield shell (14) and the pressure plate ring (32) are connected via a fourth screw (33).
9. The structure of a long-distance replaceable shield seal according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of shield tail brushes (34) are provided at one end of the tail shield body (18) and at the other end close to the shield body (1).
10. A method for replacing the seal of a long-distance replaceable shield seal structure, used to achieve the seal replacement of the long-distance replaceable shield seal structure described in claim 9, characterized in that: The seal replacement method of the long-distance replaceable shield seal structure comprises: replacing the hinged seal ring (13) and replacing the shield tail brush (34); The replacement of the hinged sealing ring (13) comprises the following steps: S11, pushing the sealing steel ring (19) out to the first hinged shield shell (10) through the first oil cylinder (4); S12, open the replacement sealing window (26) on the articulated spherical body (12), and install the second oil cylinder (7) and the third oil cylinder (9) respectively, then install the cross beam plate (8) with the second oil cylinder (7), the third oil cylinder (9), the fixing frame (11) and the partition of the articulated spherical body (12) through the pin shaft, and remove the second screw (25) installed between the articulated spherical body (12) and the first articulated shield shell (10); S13, adjusting the gap between the articulated spherical body (12) and the front shield shell (2) through the second oil cylinder (7) and the third oil cylinder (9), and cutting off the articulated sealing ring (13) through the replacement sealing window (26) on the articulated spherical body (12), and extracting it in sections; S14, adjusting the gap between the articulated spherical body (12) and the front shield shell (2) again by means of the second oil cylinder (7) and the third oil cylinder (9), threading the articulated sealing ring (13) onto the front shield shell (2) through the replacement sealing window (26) on the articulated spherical body (12), and performing gluing treatment on the interface of the articulated sealing ring (13); The replacement of the shield tail brush (34) comprises the following steps: S21, blocking the mud and water outside the shield body (1) by grouting; S22, the piston rod of the fourth oil cylinder (16) is extended to extend the tail shield body (18), and the shield machine (1) is pushed forward by the thrust cylinder until the tail brush (34) on the tail shield body (18) leaks out; S23, cutting off the deformed shield tail brush (34), and welding a new shield tail brush (34); S24, retracting the piston rod of the fourth oil cylinder (16) to retract the tail shield body (18) and the tail brush (34) on the tail shield body (18).