Large-view-field high-resolution detector based on micro-distortion visible light and medium-wave infrared light

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of optics, and particularly relates to a large-view-field high-resolution detector based on micro-distortion visible light and medium-wave infrared light. The system comprises a visible light mechanism and a target detection mechanism. The target detection mechanism is used for capturing and receiving a target and ambient light around the clock; the visible light mechanism is used for performing all-weather stable imaging on the target light captured and received by the target detection mechanism; the visible light mechanism at least comprises a shell, and a lens group is connected in the shell; the lens group is composed of five spherical lenses; and the five spherical lenses are coaxially and horizontally arranged. According to the invention, all-weather stable imaging of the target and the surrounding environment is realized, the problem of attack to'low, small and slow 'clusters and low-value targets is solved in principle, the problem that the existing multi-aperture uncontrolled ammunition does not have the capability of'hitting many' is solved, and meanwhile, the problem that no effective countering measures for aerial unmanned cluster targets are available is solved. And an ideal battle damage ratio is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the military and optical technology fields, and in particular relates to a large-field-of-view high-resolution detector based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared. Background Art

[0002] At present, the various caliber uncontrolled ammunition in service does not have the pain point of "many against many" capability, and there is no effective countermeasure against unmanned aerial cluster targets. In order to solve the problem of striking "low, small, slow" clusters and low-value targets in principle and obtain a more ideal combat loss ratio, the development of related optical systems is of epoch-making significance.

[0003] The application number is 201310392234.0, and the name of the invention is "A super-resolution large-field infrared imaging method", which discloses a method for obtaining a high-resolution infrared image with a large field of view using a multi-aperture imaging model. The method sets a compressed coding template through the theory of compressed sensing, places the template at the sensor focal plane array of each imaging aperture, and uses a sparse optimization algorithm to reconstruct multiple low-resolution unit images obtained at each aperture, thereby obtaining a super-resolution large-field image. The disadvantage of this method is that the system imaging band is single, and the image obtained by this method will show obvious defects in the recognition and extraction of targets in complex backgrounds and the suppression of background clutter. It is not suitable for the acquisition of "low, small, slow" clusters and low-value targets. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a large field of view high-resolution detector based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared. One of its purposes is to provide a stable imaging of the target and the surrounding environment around the clock, solving the problem of the current laser beam-riding system's single "one-to-one" attack mode and a small number of tracked targets; the second purpose is to provide a function that can achieve "multi-target identification, multi-target tracking, and multi-target attack" within a large field of view and at a long distance, and propose new countermeasures for unmanned clusters and incoming multiple targets. The third purpose is to provide a detector that has the characteristics of passive detection imaging compared to early warning radars, and has inherent advantages in close-range active attack and defense.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: Large field of view and high resolution detector based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared, including visible light mechanism and target detection mechanism; Target detection mechanism, used to capture and receive targets and ambient light around the clock; A visible light mechanism, used to capture and receive target light from a target detection mechanism for all-weather stable imaging; The visible light mechanism at least comprises a shell, in which the visible light mechanism is connected; the visible light mechanism is composed of five spherical lenses; the five spherical lenses are coaxially arranged horizontally.

[0006] The five spherical lenses are respectively a first plano-convex lens, a second plano-convex lens, a first plano-concave lens, a biconvex lens, and a second plano-concave lens; the first plano-convex lens, the second plano-convex lens, the first plano-concave lens, the biconvex lens, and the second plano-concave lens are arranged in sequence from front to back from the light source.

[0007] The total length from the first plano-convex lens to the second plano-concave lens is 45 mm.

[0008] The focal lengths of the first plano-convex lens, the second plano-convex lens, the first plano-concave lens, the second plano-concave lens and the biconvex lens are 78.56mm, 36.37mm, 22.73mm, 29.48mm and 29.05mm respectively; and the aperture sizes are 21.65mm, 20.65mm, 18.87mm, 17.97mm and 13.58mm respectively.

[0009] The distances between the first plano-convex lens and the second plano-convex lens, between the second plano-convex lens and the first plano-concave lens, between the first plano-concave lens and the biconvex lens, and between the biconvex lens and the second plano-concave lens are 0.3 mm, 1.2 mm, 16.3 mm, 7.3 mm, and 20 mm, respectively.

[0010] The F of the visible light mechanism is 3.

[0011] The visible light mechanism has a back intercept of 20, an image height of 6.4, an original field of view of 11.4°, and a focal length of 64 mm.

[0012] The target detection mechanism is composed of two infrared cameras; the resolution and pixel size of a single infrared camera are 1280×1024 and 15μm respectively, the field of view of a single infrared camera is 6.1°×4.9°, the field of view angle of the spliced ​​camera is 9°×6°, and the overlap rate is 8.9%.

[0013] The target detection mechanism uses two HgCdTe focal plane detectors with a resolution of 1280×1024 and a pixel size of 15 μm, and adopts a dual-field-of-view stitching method to achieve the field of view requirement.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention adopts a visible light mechanism to achieve stable imaging of a target and its surrounding environment with a large field of view and high resolution.

[0015] The visible light mechanism in the present invention solves the problem of striking "low, small, slow" clusters and low-value targets in principle, achieving a more ideal combat loss ratio, which is of epoch-making significance.

[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the visible light mechanism in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the visible light mechanism in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of relevant data in the visible light mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a point arrangement diagram of the visible light mechanism in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the distortion, field curvature, and astigmatism of the visible light mechanism in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is the spherical aberration diagram of the visible light mechanism in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 It is the optical transfer function diagram of the visible light mechanism in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the target detection mechanism of the present invention using two infrared cameras spliced ​​together.

[0026] In the figure: 1. First plano-convex lens; 2. Second plano-convex lens; 3. First plano-concave lens; 4. Biconvex lens; 5. Second plano-concave lens; 6. Infrared camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Embodiment 1: according to Figure 1-Figure 8 The large-field-of-view high-resolution detector based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared shown includes a visible light mechanism and a target detection mechanism; Target detection mechanism, used to capture and receive targets and ambient light around the clock; A visible light mechanism, used to capture and receive target light from a target detection mechanism for all-weather stable imaging; The visible light mechanism at least comprises a shell, in which the visible light mechanism is connected; the visible light mechanism is composed of five spherical lenses; the five spherical lenses are coaxially arranged horizontally.

[0029] In actual use, the visible light mechanism adopts a band of 400nm-700nm, which can realize the detection and imaging functions of targets such as the sea surface, aerial drones and fixed fire points under visible light conditions, and has the functions of target detection and identification.

[0030] In some embodiments, the five spherical lenses are respectively a first plano-convex lens 1, a second plano-convex lens 2, a first plano-concave lens 3, a biconvex lens 4, and a second plano-concave lens 5; the first plano-convex lens 1, the second plano-convex lens 2, the first plano-concave lens 3, the biconvex lens 4, and the second plano-concave lens 5 are arranged in sequence from front to back from the light source.

[0031] Furthermore, the total length of the first plano-convex lens 1 to the second plano-concave lens 5 is 45 mm.

[0032] Furthermore, the focal lengths of the first plano-convex lens 1, the second plano-convex lens 2, the first plano-concave lens 3, the second plano-concave lens 4 and the biconvex lens 5 are 78.56 mm, 36.37 mm, 22.73 mm, 29.48 mm and 29.05 mm respectively; and the aperture sizes are 21.65 mm, 20.65 mm, 18.87 mm, 17.97 mm and 13.58 mm respectively.

[0033] In order to enable the visible light mechanism to achieve better effects, in some embodiments, the distances between the first plano-convex lens 1 and the second plano-convex lens 2, the second plano-convex lens 2 and the first plano-concave lens 3, the first plano-concave lens 3 and the biconvex lens 5, and the biconvex lens 5 and the second plano-concave lens 4 are 0.3 mm, 1.2 mm, 16.3 mm, 7.3 mm, and 20 mm, respectively.

[0034] In some embodiments, the F of the visible light mechanism is 3; the back intercept of the visible light mechanism is 20, the image height is 6.4, the original field of view is 11.4°, and the focal length is 64 mm, so that many light rays emitted from one point are no longer concentrated at the same point after passing through the visible light mechanism due to aberration, but form a diffuse pattern scattered in a certain range, which is called a point array diagram, such as Figure 4 The figure shows the sizes of the light spots formed on the image plane for 6 different fields of view, which basically meet the pixel size requirements of the system. Figure 5 It is a diagram of distortion, field curvature and astigmatism of the optical system. The image on the left represents the field curvature and astigmatism of different fields of view of the visible light mechanism, and the image on the right represents the distortion of different fields of view. It can be seen from the figure that the distortion value of the largest field of view of the visible light mechanism is the largest and does not exceed 0.5%.

[0035] Generally, during the design phase, the imaging quality of the visible light mechanism is evaluated by analyzing its geometric aberration, point diagram, and optical transfer function, as shown in the figure. During the assembly phase, the imaging quality of the optical system is evaluated by “resolution inspection” and measuring the focal length of the visible light mechanism.

[0036] The F number is the ratio of the focal length of a lens or objective lens to its aperture.

[0037] In some embodiments, the target detection mechanism is formed by splicing two infrared cameras 6. Figure 8 The resolution and pixel size of a single infrared camera 6 are 1280×1024 and 15 μm respectively, the field of view of a single infrared camera 6 is 6.1°×4.9°, the spliced ​​field of view angle is 9°×6°, and the overlap rate is 8.9%.

[0038] In some embodiments, the target detection mechanism uses two HgCdTe focal plane detectors with a resolution of 1280×1024 and a pixel size of 15 μm, and adopts a dual-field-of-view stitching method to achieve the field of view requirement.

[0039] In specific applications, an uncooled infrared thermal imager is selected, which has two image display modes: black heat and white heat, which can be switched. Due to the long detection distance and small target, a 4096×3072 high-resolution detector is used; in order to achieve multi-target positioning, the white light system is required to have high accuracy, so the distortion is required to be less than 0.5% to achieve large field of view, high resolution, and high frame rate image acquisition and output.

[0040] Embodiment 2: When the large-field-of-view high-resolution detector based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared in this embodiment is assembled, 22 groups of 6″ angular resolution can be seen by looking at the 4# discrimination plate through a 1.6-meter collimator; the focal length of the visible light mechanism is measured by a focus meter to be 64.24 mm, which meets the imaging requirements of the system.

[0041] In the absence of conflicts, technicians in this field can combine the relevant technical features in the above examples according to actual conditions to achieve corresponding technical effects. The specific combinations are not described here one by one.

[0042] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0043] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

[0044] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. The present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but should conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large field of view and high resolution detector based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared, characterized by: It includes a visible light mechanism and a target detection mechanism; Target detection mechanism, used to capture and receive targets and ambient light around the clock; A visible light mechanism, used to capture and receive target light from a target detection mechanism for all-weather stable imaging; The target detection mechanism is connected to the front end of the visible light mechanism; The visible light mechanism at least comprises a shell, in which a lens group is connected; the lens group is composed of five spherical lenses; and the five spherical lenses are coaxially arranged horizontally.

2. The large field of view and high resolution detector based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared according to claim 1, characterized in that: The five spherical lenses are respectively a first plano-convex lens (1), a second plano-convex lens (2), a first plano-concave lens (3), a biconvex lens (4) and a second plano-concave lens (5); the first plano-convex lens (1), the second plano-convex lens (2), the first plano-concave lens (3), the biconvex lens (4) and the second plano-concave lens (5) are arranged in sequence from front to back in the direction from the light source.

3. The large field of view and high resolution detector based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared according to claim 2, characterized in that: The total length of the first plano-convex lens (1) to the second plano-concave lens (5) is 45 mm.

4. The detector with large field of view and high resolution based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared according to claim 2, characterized in that: The focal lengths of the first plano-convex lens (1), the second plano-convex lens (2), the first plano-concave lens (3), the second plano-concave lens (4) and the biconvex lens (5) are 78.56 mm, 36.37 mm, 22.73 mm, 29.48 mm and 29.05 mm respectively; and the aperture sizes are 21.65 mm, 20.65 mm, 18.87 mm, 17.97 mm and 13.58 mm respectively.

5. The detector with large field of view and high resolution based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distances between the first plano-convex lens (1) and the second plano-convex lens (2), the distances between the second plano-convex lens (2) and the first plano-concave lens (3), the distances between the first plano-concave lens (3) and the biconvex lens (5), and the distances between the biconvex lens (5) and the second plano-concave lens (4) are 0.3 mm, 1.2 mm, 16.3 mm, 7.3 mm, and 20 mm, respectively.

6. The detector with large field of view and high resolution based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared according to claim 1, characterized in that: The F of the visible light mechanism is 3.

7. The detector with large field of view and high resolution based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visible light mechanism has a back intercept of 20, an image height of 6.4, an original field of view of 11.4°, and a focal length of 64 mm.

8. The large field of view and high resolution detector based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target detection mechanism is formed by splicing two infrared cameras (6); the resolution and pixel size of a single infrared camera (6) are 1280×1024 and 15 μm respectively, the field of view of a single infrared camera is 6.1°×4.9°, the spliced ​​field of view angle is 9°×6°, and the overlap rate is 8.9%.

9. The detector with large field of view and high resolution based on slightly distorted visible light and medium-wave infrared according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target detection mechanism uses two HgCdTe focal plane detectors with a resolution of 1280×1024 and a pixel size of 15 μm, and adopts a dual-field-of-view stitching method to achieve the field of view requirement.

Images