Simulation experiment module for airport runway surface icing in water-salt environment and simulation experiment method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an airport runway surface icing simulation experiment cabin in a water-salt environment and a simulation experiment method thereof. The airport runway surface icing simulation experiment cabin comprises an environment simulation system comprising a heating film, a cooling module, a humidity adjusting device, a wind blowing simulation device, a solar radiation simulation device and a rainfall simulation device; the runway structural body comprises a concrete layer, a stabilizing material layer and a soil base layer; the multi-sensor system comprises a temperature sensor, a pavement state remote sensing sensor and a camera; the data acquisition and analysis system comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data display module, and the data acquisition module acquires data obtained by the multi-sensor system and transmits the data to the data processing module for processing; temperature change curves, water film thickness distribution diagrams, icing state diagrams and monitoring video images of the surface and the interior of the runway structure body are obtained. The device can simulate various environmental factors, can monitor the icing condition of the surface of the runway in real time, and is suitable for researching the icing behavior of the runway under different environmental conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an airport runway surface icing simulation, and specifically refers to an airport runway surface icing simulation test cabin in a water-salt environment and a simulation test method thereof, which are used to study the icing behavior of the airport runway surface under different water-salt environment conditions, and belong to the field of airport engineering. Background Art

[0002] Airport runways are prone to icing in low-temperature conditions in winter, which reduces the friction coefficient of the runway and seriously affects the safety of aircraft takeoff and landing. Therefore, airport managers often spread deicing salt on the runway surface. However, the runway icing situation in a water-salt environment is more complicated, which increases the difficulty of determining the icing time.

[0003] In the prior art, most studies focus on wing icing simulation experiments, while the comprehensive icing test system for airport runways is not yet mature. Existing outdoor runway icing experiments are difficult to systematically study the effects of different parameters on runway icing in a water-salt environment due to the difficulty in controlling the environment; and the existing indoor experimental devices are mostly simple environmental control systems, lacking a full simulation of the actual runway structure, and the experimental conditions are single, making it difficult to effectively simulate the combined effects of multiple environmental factors on icing behavior. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an experimental device that can simulate the actual airport runway structure and flexibly control environmental parameters to study the icing characteristics of the runway surface under different conditions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide an airport runway surface icing simulation test chamber in a water-salt environment and a simulation test method thereof, so as to solve the problems of uncontrollable environmental parameters, single experimental conditions, and insufficient simulation of the actual runway structure in the runway icing test in the prior art. The system can simulate a variety of environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and rainfall, and can monitor the icing condition of the runway surface in real time, and is suitable for the study of runway icing behavior under different environmental conditions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of the present invention is a simulation test chamber for icing on the surface of an airport runway in a water-salt environment, which comprises:

[0006] An environmental simulation system, which includes a heating film, a cooling module, a humidity regulating device, a wind simulation device, a solar radiation simulation device and a rainfall simulation device;

[0007] The runway structure includes, from top to bottom, a concrete layer, a stabilizing material layer and a soil base layer;

[0008] A multi-sensor system, which includes a temperature sensor, a road surface condition remote sensing sensor, and a camera;

[0009] The data acquisition and analysis system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data display module; the data acquisition module collects data obtained by the multi-sensor system and transmits it to the data processing module for processing, thereby obtaining a temperature change curve on the surface and inside of the runway structure, a water film thickness distribution diagram, an icing state diagram and a monitoring video image, which are finally displayed through the data display module.

[0010] The experimental cabin of the present invention can accurately control environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and rainfall; the runway structure simulates the multi-layer structure of an actual airport runway, and is used to study the icing behavior of the runway surface under different environmental conditions; the multi-sensor system is used to monitor the icing state, temperature changes and other parameters of the runway surface in real time; the data acquisition system is used to collect and process experimental data, and to display and regulate them in real time through a display and control system.

[0011] The present invention has the following advantages: it can accurately simulate the actual airport runway structure and complex environmental conditions, and study the impact of different environmental factors on runway icing; a variety of environmental parameters can be adjusted in the experimental cabin to flexibly adapt to different experimental needs; the multi-sensor system can monitor and record the icing process in real time and provide detailed data support; the system structure is compact and the experimental results are reliable, which provides a scientific basis for the prevention and de-icing measures of airport runway icing in winter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 Exploded view of the structure of the airport runway surface icing simulation test cabin

[0013] Figure 2 The exterior of the test cabin for simulating icing on the airport runway surface

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-section diagram of the runway's proportional structure, including the dimensions and materials of each layer.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exterior of the runway's proportional structure, including the dimensions of the insulation layer.

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the outer keel structure of the runway proportional structure.

[0017] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the upper surface of the runway proportional structure, including the top lifting ring.

[0018] Figure 7 It is a multi-sensor system and environmental simulation equipment.

[0019] Figure 8 The internal structure of the data cabinet of the airport runway surface icing simulation test cabin.

[0020] Fig. 9The high-definition display of the data display system monitors the screen in real time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figure 1 The airport runway surface icing simulation test cabin in a water-salt environment of the present invention comprises four parts: an environment simulation system, a runway structure, a multi-sensor system and a data acquisition and analysis system.

[0023] The shell of the experimental cabin of the present invention is made of stainless steel material, which has excellent heat insulation and corrosion resistance. The external dimensions are 1700mm×1400mm×2200mm (width×depth×height), and the internal dimensions are 900mm×900mm×1500mm (width×depth×height). The overall appearance of the external cabin is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0024] The environmental simulation system in the present invention includes a heating film, a cooling module, a humidity control device, a simulated wind device, a simulated solar radiation device and a rainfall simulation device. In order to achieve precise temperature control, a heating film and a cooling module are installed inside the experimental cabin, which can control the temperature within the range of -20°C to +40°C, and the temperature fluctuation is less than ±0.5°C; the humidity control system can accurately control the relative humidity within the range of 30% to 90%, and the humidity fluctuation is less than ±2.0%; the simulated wind device generates airflow through a transverse fan installed on the cabin wall, and the wind speed can be adjusted within the range of 0 to 10m / s to simulate natural winds of different intensities; the simulated solar radiation device consists of an adjustable light source and an optical lens, which can simulate solar radiation in different time periods from morning to noon, and the light intensity can be between 200W / m 2 Up to 1000W / m 2 In order to ensure the simulation of rainfall conditions during the experiment, a rainfall simulation device is installed in the experimental cabin. The device uses a peristaltic pump to transport water into the experimental cabin through a silicone tube and sprays it evenly through the needle at the end to simulate experimental conditions with different rainfall intensities. The rainfall intensity can be adjusted within the range of 2mm / h to 6mm / h.

[0025] The runway structure in the present invention is arranged inside the test cabin, and its dimensions are 680mm×680mm×1400mm (length×width×height), which includes a multi-layer structure, from top to bottom: C40 concrete layer: with dimensions of 480mm×480mm×380mm (length×width×height), simulating the surface layer of an actual airport runway, with high compressive strength and wear resistance; stabilizing material layer: with dimensions of 480mm×480mm×300mm (length×width×height), this layer is made of a mixture of sand, gravel and cement, and has good supporting properties, and is used to simulate the middle structure of the runway; soil base layer: with dimensions of 480mm×480mm×200mm (length×width×height), made of a compacted mixture of clay and gravel, and is used to simulate the foundation layer of the runway and provide stable foundation support. The structures and materials of each layer of the runway are as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outside of the runway structure is wrapped with an insulation layer to reduce lateral and longitudinal heat conduction. The side insulation layer is composed of 40mm thick insulation material, 10mm thick PE board, and 40mm thick insulation material interval from the inside to the outside; the top insulation layer is composed of 10mm thick insulation material to ensure the stability of temperature during the experiment. Figure 4 In addition, a heating film is installed at the bottom of the runway structure to simulate ground heating conditions, and multiple temperature measuring holes are reserved on the side, which are set at 100mm, 300mm, 530mm and 780mm from the roadbed surface to monitor temperature gradients at different depths.

[0027] In order to facilitate the installation and adjustment of experimental equipment, the structure is surrounded by a keel frame made of galvanized steel pipes, and the bottom is equipped with stainless steel load-bearing plates and wheels to ensure the stability and mobility of the structure. There are rings on the top to facilitate the hanging and adjustment of the experimental body. Figure 5 , 6 shown.

[0028] The multi-sensor system of the present invention is used to monitor key parameters such as the icing state, temperature gradient and water film thickness of the runway surface in real time during the experiment. The main sensors in the system include platinum electrode temperature sensors, pavement state remote sensing sensors and cameras. The multi-sensor system is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the arrangement and functions of each sensor are as follows:

[0029] (1) Platinum electrode temperature sensor: There are four platinum electrode temperature sensors, which are installed at different depths of the runway structure to monitor the temperature changes of each layer. The specific positions of this embodiment are: 100mm, 300mm, 530mm and 780mm from the runway surface, respectively located in the concrete layer, stabilized material layer and soil base layer. Each sensor is a Pt100 platinum electrode temperature sensor with a measurement temperature range of -50℃ to +180℃ and an accuracy of ±0.1℃. The sensor realizes temperature measurement through resistance changes, and the signal output is a resistance signal. The sensor response time is ≤1s and the acquisition frequency is 1Hz.

[0030] (2) Pavement status remote sensing sensor: The pavement status remote sensing sensor is installed at the center of the surface of the runway structure to monitor the ice state and water film thickness of the runway surface in real time. The sensor is installed about 5 cm behind the center of the runway surface to ensure that the monitoring range covers the key areas. The sensor uses laser optical sensor technology to distinguish whether the runway surface is dry, wet or frozen, and measure the water film thickness. The measurement range is 0-3 cm, and the accuracy is ±0.05 cm. The sensor output signal is an optical signal, and the acquisition frequency is 1 Hz.

[0031] (3) Camera: Two cameras are configured in the experimental cabin of this embodiment, which are installed in the center of the top and the side wall of the cabin respectively, to record the icing process of the runway surface in all directions. The top camera is aimed at the central area of ​​the runway surface to provide an overall observation angle; the side wall camera is aimed at the side of the runway surface to record the lateral growth of the ice layer. The camera is a high-definition network camera that supports 1080p resolution and a frame rate of 30fps. It is equipped with infrared night vision function to ensure the shooting effect in low-light environments. The monitoring range of the camera covers the entire experimental area of ​​the runway surface, and is connected to the data center via a network cable to transmit image signals in real time with an acquisition frequency of 1Hz.

[0032] The data acquisition and analysis system in the present invention is the core part of the entire experimental device, which is used to receive, process and analyze real-time data from the multi-sensor system. The system consists of a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data display module. The specific details are as follows:

[0033] 1. The data acquisition module includes a data acquisition chassis and a sensor interface, including:

[0034] 1) Data acquisition chassis. Configuration: The data acquisition chassis integrates a meteorological demodulator, a temperature demodulator, a data gateway interface and a serial communication module. Each sensor is connected to the data acquisition chassis through a dedicated interface to ensure accurate data acquisition and stable transmission. Parameters: The meteorological demodulator supports multi-channel data input and can receive signals from multiple sensors at the same time; the temperature acquisition accuracy of the temperature demodulator is ±0.05℃, and the data update rate is 30 times per second (1 / 30Hz); the serial communication module adopts the RS-485 standard, supports long-distance stable transmission, and the transmission rate is 9600bps. Function: The data acquisition chassis transmits the collected data to the central control computer in real time through the serial port. The data includes the temperature of the runway surface and interior, water film thickness, icing status and monitoring video images. The internal structure of the data chassis is as follows: Figure 8 shown.

[0035] 2) Sensor interface. Type: The sensor interface includes temperature sensor interface, runway status sensor interface and camera video interface. All interfaces adopt industrial standard interfaces to ensure lossless transmission of sensor signals. Function: The interface supports hot-swap function, which is convenient for sensor replacement and upgrade. It also supports multi-channel parallel data acquisition to improve the real-time and synchronization of data acquisition.

[0036] 2. The data processing module includes data processing software for real-time data processing and a database for data storage, wherein:

[0037] 1) Data processing software: The data processing software installed on the central control computer uses multi-threaded processing technology and can receive and process data from various sensors in real time. Data processing includes drawing temperature curves, monitoring changes in water film thickness, judging the state of icing, and processing video images. Data synchronization and correction: In order to ensure the time consistency of various types of data, the data processing software has a time synchronization function, using the NTP protocol to synchronize with the network time server to ensure the synchronization and correction of data from different sensors. The software also provides data filtering and smoothing functions, which can automatically identify and correct noise and abnormal data that may occur during the acquisition process.

[0038] 2) Database: All processed data is stored in a relational database. The database uses MySQL and PostgreSQL, which supports efficient storage and fast query of massive data. The data includes the temperature of each layer of the runway structure, water film thickness, icing time, environmental parameters and monitoring video images. Data backup: In order to prevent data loss, the system adopts a scheduled backup strategy. All data is automatically backed up to an external storage device every day, and backed up off-site through cloud storage to ensure data security and recoverability.

[0039] 3. Data display module

[0040] The system is equipped with a high-definition display to display experimental data and video images in real time. Fig. 9 As shown. The display supports 1080p resolution and the screen size is 24 inches to 32 inches, ensuring clear presentation of experimental data. The real-time data displayed on the display include temperature change curves on the surface and inside of the runway, water film thickness distribution diagrams, icing status diagrams, and monitoring video images. Users can intuitively observe the dynamic changes of various data during the experiment through the display. The display is equipped with a touch screen function or interacts through an external keyboard and mouse. Users can operate directly on the screen, adjust the display content, select different data views, or view historical data records. The system has a friendly interface, is easy to operate, and can respond quickly to user instructions.

[0041] The process and data recording of the airport runway surface icing simulation experiment in the water-salt environment in the above-mentioned simulation test chamber is one of the key steps of the present invention, which mainly involves how to evenly add deicing salt to the surface of the runway structure and simulate the actual water-salt environment by controlling the water-salt ratio. The entire experimental process includes pretreatment, deicing salt addition, water-salt environment construction, experimental parameter setting, and data recording and analysis. The specific steps are as follows:

[0042] S1. Experimental pretreatment

[0043] Before starting the experiment, the runway structure needs to be pre-treated. First, the runway structure is placed in the test chamber, and the ambient temperature in the chamber is set to the upper limit of the test temperature (such as 0°C or 1°C). The surface temperature of the runway structure is allowed to stabilize at the set temperature for at least 5 minutes to ensure the accuracy of the test data. Subsequently, the humidity and wind speed in the test chamber are adjusted to simulate the actual airport runway environment.

[0044] S2. Addition of deicing salt

[0045] The deicing salt used in the experiment should be accurately configured according to the set water-salt concentration. Commonly used deicing salts include calcium chloride, sodium chloride or sodium formate, and the specific choice depends on the experimental requirements. Mix deicing salt with distilled water at different concentrations (such as 20%, 40%, 60%, etc.) and make deicing liquid after fully dissolving. The typical ratio scheme is to mix a certain mass of deicing salt (such as 20g / m 2 , 40g / m 2 etc.) was dissolved in a set amount of distilled water to prepare a solution of desired concentration.

[0046] S3. Spraying of deicing salt

[0047] Clean the surface of the runway structure to ensure that there is no excess water or impurities on the surface. Use a precision sprayer to evenly spray the prepared deicing liquid onto the surface of the runway structure. During the spraying process, ensure that the deicing liquid covers the entire runway surface to avoid local concentrations that are too high or too low. The spraying speed should be uniform, and the distance between the nozzle and the runway surface should be kept at about 30 cm. After spraying, wait for 5 minutes to allow the deicing liquid to fully diffuse and penetrate the runway surface to form a uniform water-salt environment.

[0048] S4. Data Recording

[0049] During the experiment, the multi-sensor system will monitor the temperature, water film thickness and icing status of the runway surface in real time. The platinum electrode temperature sensor will record the temperature changes of each layer of the runway structure, the pavement status remote sensing sensor will measure the water film thickness and icing conditions, and the camera will record the image data of the entire experiment process. During the experiment, the data acquisition system automatically records various experimental data, including the start time and end time of icing, ice thickness, temperature change curve, etc. At the same time, the image data will serve as an auxiliary record of the experiment to record in detail the dynamic process of icing on the runway surface. The data recording form should include the number of each experiment, the experiment date, the experimental conditions such as deicing salt concentration, air temperature, rainfall, wind speed, and various monitoring data.

[0050] S5. Data processing

[0051] The data acquisition module in the data acquisition and analysis system collects data obtained by the multi-sensor system and transmits it to the data processing module for processing to obtain the temperature change curve on the surface and inside of the runway structure, the water film thickness distribution diagram, the icing status diagram and the monitoring video image, and finally displays it through the data display module.

Claims

1. An airport runway surface icing simulation test chamber in a water-salt environment, characterized in that: include: An environmental simulation system, which includes a heating film, a cooling module, a humidity regulating device, a wind simulation device, a solar radiation simulation device and a rainfall simulation device; The runway structure includes, from top to bottom, a concrete layer, a stabilizing material layer and a soil base layer; A multi-sensor system, which includes a temperature sensor, a road surface condition remote sensing sensor, and a camera; The data acquisition and analysis system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data display module; the data acquisition module collects data obtained by the multi-sensor system and transmits it to the data processing module for processing, thereby obtaining a temperature change curve on the surface and inside of the runway structure, a water film thickness distribution diagram, an icing state diagram and a monitoring video image, which are finally displayed through the data display module.

2. The airport runway surface icing simulation test chamber in a water-salt environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating film and cooling module are used to control the temperature within the range of -20°C to +40°C, and the temperature fluctuation is less than ±0.5°C; the humidity control system is used to accurately control the relative humidity within the range of 30% to 90%, and the humidity fluctuation is less than ±2.0%; the wind simulation device generates airflow through a transverse fan installed on the bulkhead to simulate natural wind of different intensities; the solar radiation simulation device includes an adjustable light source and an optical lens for light intensity of 200W / m 2 Up to 1000W / m 2 The rainfall simulation device transports water to the experimental cabin through a silicone tube via a peristaltic pump and sprays it evenly through a needle at the end, so as to adjust the rain intensity within the range of 2 mm / h to 6 mm / h.

3. The airport runway surface icing simulation test chamber in a water-salt environment according to claim 1 is characterized by: The outside of the runway structure is wrapped with an insulation layer. The insulation layer on the side is composed of 40mm thick insulation material, 10mm thick PE board, and 40mm thick insulation material interval from the inside to the outside; the insulation layer on the top is composed of 10mm thick insulation material; a heating film is installed at the bottom of the runway structure, and multiple temperature measuring holes are provided on the side.

4. The airport runway surface icing simulation test chamber in a water-salt environment according to claim 3 is characterized by: The runway structure is surrounded by a keel frame made of galvanized steel pipes; the bottom of the keel frame is equipped with a stainless steel load-bearing plate and wheels, and the top is provided with a lifting ring.

5. The airport runway surface icing simulation test chamber in a water-salt environment according to claim 1 is characterized by: There are multiple temperature sensors, which are installed at different depths of the runway structure to monitor the temperature changes of each layer; the pavement state remote sensing sensor is set at the center of the surface of the runway structure to monitor the icing state and water film thickness of the runway surface in real time; there are multiple cameras, which are installed at the top center and side walls of the cabin, and the camera installed at the top is aimed at the central area of ​​the surface of the runway structure to provide an overall observation angle; Cameras installed on the side walls are aimed at the side of the runway structure surface to record the lateral ice growth.

6. The airport runway surface icing simulation test chamber in a water-salt environment according to claim 1 is characterized by: The data acquisition module includes a data acquisition chassis, in which a meteorological demodulator, a temperature demodulator, a data gateway interface and a serial communication module are integrated; The multi-sensor system is connected to the data acquisition chassis, which transmits the collected data to the central control computer in real time through the serial port.

7. The airport runway surface icing simulation test chamber in a water-salt environment according to claim 1 is characterized by: The data processing module receives and processes the data from each sensor to realize the drawing of temperature curve, the monitoring of the change of water film thickness, the judgment of the freezing state and the processing of video images. The processed data is stored in a relational database.

8. The airport runway surface icing simulation test chamber in a water-salt environment according to claim 1 is characterized by: The data display module includes a high-definition display, which displays the temperature change curve on the runway surface and inside, the water film thickness distribution diagram, the icing status diagram and the monitoring video images in real time.

9. A method for realizing an airport runway surface icing simulation experiment in a water-salt environment by using the simulation experiment chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: The wind speed and humidity in the test cabin are adjusted by simulating the wind blowing device and the humidity regulating device to simulate the actual airport runway environment; Deicing salt is mixed with distilled water at different concentrations and fully dissolved to make deicing liquid. A certain mass of deicing salt is dissolved in a set amount of distilled water to prepare a deicing liquid solution of the required concentration; Evenly spray the prepared deicing liquid onto the surface of the runway structure. After spraying, wait until the deicing liquid fully diffuses and penetrates the surface of the runway structure to form a uniform water-salt environment. The multi-sensor system will monitor the temperature, water film thickness and icing status of the runway surface in real time: the temperature sensor will record the temperature changes of each layer of the runway structure, the pavement condition remote sensing sensor will measure the water film thickness and icing status, and the camera will record the image data of the entire experimental process; during the experiment, the data acquisition and analysis system will automatically record various experimental data, and at the same time, the image data will serve as an auxiliary record of the experiment, recording in detail the dynamic process of icing on the runway surface; The data acquisition module in the data acquisition and analysis system collects data obtained by the multi-sensor system and transmits it to the data processing module for processing to obtain the temperature change curve on the surface and inside of the runway structure, the water film thickness distribution diagram, the icing status diagram and the monitoring video image, and finally displays it through the data display module.

10. The method for realizing the simulation experiment of icing on the surface of an airport runway in a water-salt environment according to claim 9, characterized in that: Before starting the experiment, the runway structure was pretreated as follows: the runway structure was placed in the experimental chamber body, and the ambient temperature of the experimental chamber body was set to the upper limit of the experimental temperature, and the surface temperature of the runway structure was allowed to stabilize at the set temperature for at least 5 minutes to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data.

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