Movable single pile pressing and pulling integrated test device and test method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation engineering, in particular to a movable single pile pressing and pulling integrated test device and a test method thereof.The movable single pile pressing and pulling integrated test device comprises a model box with an opening in the upper end, the model box is filled with sandy soil, and a soil pressure meter and a pore water pressure sensor are laid in the sandy soil; supporting columns capable of longitudinally moving are arranged on the upper portions of the two sides of the model box, a movable beam capable of being adjusted in a lifting mode is arranged between the two supporting columns, and a pressing and pulling mechanism capable of being transversely adjusted and used for installing a model pile is arranged on the movable beam. And an auxiliary mechanism for assisting in model pile penetration and pile pulling is arranged at the upper end of the model box and located on the lower side of the pressing and pulling mechanism. The device can meet the requirement of performing vertical-angle model pile press-pull tests at different positions and different heights of the model pile at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation engineering, and particularly relates to a movable single-pile press-pull integrated test device and a test method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A pile foundation is a columnar member that penetrates deep into the soil layer, mainly used to effectively transfer the load of the superstructure to a relatively hard soil layer or rock layer, thereby avoiding structural settlement or inclination caused by insufficient bearing capacity of the foundation. Among them, large-diameter single piles are widely used in large-scale projects such as offshore wind power, bridges, and high-rise buildings due to their advantages of high bearing capacity, low settlement, and good economy.

[0003] In the field of geotechnical engineering, the compressive bearing characteristics and tensile bearing characteristics of pile foundations are important topics that engineers are concerned about. Research methods for these topics, including theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, rely on accurate test data for parameter verification and comparative analysis. Therefore, how to effectively carry out relevant tests has become the key to solving these scientific problems.

[0004] When studying the compressive bearing characteristics and tensile bearing characteristics of pile foundations, the former requires inserting the model pile into the model foundation, and the latter requires pulling it out. In addition, the research also needs to consider the bearing characteristics and tensile characteristics of piles at different positions. Therefore, during the test process, there is an urgent need for a movable press-pull integrated pile device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a movable single-pile press-pull integrated test device and a test method thereof, which can simultaneously meet the requirements of performing vertical angle model pile press-pull tests at different positions and different heights of the model pile.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A movable single-pile press-pull integrated test device includes a model box with an open upper end. The model box is filled with sand, and a soil pressure gauge and a pore water pressure sensor are laid in the sand. Support columns capable of longitudinal movement are arranged on both upper sides of the model box. A movable crossbeam capable of lifting adjustment is arranged between the two support columns. A press-pull mechanism capable of transverse adjustment and used for installing the model pile is arranged on the movable crossbeam. An auxiliary mechanism for assisting the penetration and pulling out of the model pile is arranged at the upper end of the model box and below the press-pull mechanism.

[0007] Further, a reverse U-shaped structure is fixed at the lower end of the support column. The reverse U-shaped structure is buckled on the upper end of the side plate of the model box and is provided with a movement control device. First limit holes are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction on both upper sides of the side plates of the model box. A first pin for passing through the first limit hole is arranged horizontally on the reverse U-shaped structure.

[0008] Furthermore, sliding ends are provided at both ends of the movable crossbeam, first sliding grooves matching with the sliding ends are vertically provided on the inner side surfaces of the support columns, and a limiting structure of the movable crossbeam is also provided on the support columns.

[0009] Furthermore, the limiting structure includes second limiting holes, and the support columns are each provided with second limiting holes spaced apart in the longitudinal direction, and are provided with second pins for passing through the second limiting holes and located on the upper and lower sides of the sliding end.

[0010] Furthermore, the pressing and pulling mechanism includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate which are buckled on the lower side of the movable crossbeam, screws are vertically passed through the four sides of the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate and are fastened with nuts, a third clamping plate is also installed at the lower end of the screw, and a jack for connecting to the upper end of the model pile is installed on the third clamping plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the screw is located on the upper side of the first clamping plate and is screwed with a first nut, the screw is located on the lower side of the second clamping plate and is screwed with a second nut, and the screw is located on the upper and lower sides of the third clamping plate and is screwed with a third nut and a fourth nut.

[0012] Furthermore, the lower side of the first clamping plate is provided with a first groove matching with the movable crossbeam, the upper side of the second clamping plate is provided with a second groove matching with the movable crossbeam, and the upper edge of the movable crossbeam is provided with third limiting holes at lateral intervals and is equipped with a third pin.

[0013] Furthermore, the third clamping plate is provided with a through hole for the piston rod of the jack to pass through, the jack is connected to an electric pump, a stud for connecting to the model pile is installed on the piston rod of the jack, and a strain gauge is arranged on the pile body of the model pile.

[0014] Furthermore, the auxiliary mechanism includes an auxiliary steel plate longitudinally mounted on the upper end of the model box, the auxiliary steel plate is provided with model pile holes at longitudinal intervals, and magnets that attract the upper end of the model box are provided on the lower sides of both ends of the auxiliary steel plate.

[0015] A movable single pile pressure-pulling integrated test method, using a movable single pile pressure-pulling integrated test device, comprises the following steps: (1) Fill the model box system with test soil; (2) Determine the size of the model pile and the specific locations for driving and pulling piles; (3) Control the support column to move longitudinally to the specified position and fix it; (4) Control the movable crossbeam to move vertically to the designated position and fix it; (5) Fix the entire pressing and drawing mechanism at the designated position of the movable crossbeam and fix it, and place the jack between the second clamping plate and the third clamping plate and fix it; (6) Fix the auxiliary mechanism on the upper end of the model box; (7) Pass the model pile through the hole of the auxiliary mechanism to ensure the penetration angle, and connect the model pile to the pressing and pulling mechanism to complete the fixation of the model pile; (8) After the entire device is ready, the piston rod of the control jack is extended to carry out the pile driving test. After the test is completed, the piston rod is retracted to carry out the pile pulling test; (9) According to the test requirements, strain gauges are installed on the model pile body to measure the stress-strain during the compression and extraction process; sensors are installed in the test soil to measure the changes in soil parameters; compression and extraction tests are carried out at a specified rate, or different rates are used for comparative tests.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The device can simultaneously meet the requirements of model pile compression and pull-out tests at different positions and heights of the model pile at vertical angles, making up for the shortcomings of existing technologies in large-scale indoor model tests in the field of pile foundation engineering technology, and can reduce the disturbance of the soil when moving and replacing parts in traditional methods.

[0017] 2. The device is equipped with auxiliary devices to ensure the verticality and angle of the model piles, so as to ensure the accuracy of the horizontal and vertical bearing capacity research.

[0018] 3. The device is controlled by computer and x axis, y axis, z By adjusting the shaft pin and connecting the jack telescopic rod and the model pile with a stud, the model pile can be inserted or pulled out at different positions and heights of the soil surface in the model box; by placing the penetration auxiliary device at the pile pressing and pulling position, the vertical angle can be ensured during the insertion and pulling out of the model pile; by extending the jack telescopic rod to simulate the actual pile driving process; by contracting the jack telescopic rod to simulate the actual pile pulling process; by changing the size of the model pile, the compression and pulling process of pile foundations of different sizes can be simulated; in addition, strain gauges can be installed on the model pile to perform stress-strain analysis on the model pile during the pile pressing and pulling process; soil pressure sensors, pore water pressure sensors and other sensors can also be buried in the test soil to measure the changes in soil parameters during the pile pressing and pulling process; the device integrates multiple functions in the field of pile foundation engineering technology, can effectively improve the efficiency of the test work, and has a simple structure and reliable performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support column groove, the limiting hole and the support pulley of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reaction beam protrusion and the limiting hole of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a jack fixing device in a pressing and drawing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection part between the jack and the model pile of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary steel plate structure of the present invention; In the figure: 1, model box system; 101, model box; 102, first limiting hole; 2. Support column system; 201. Support column; 202. Second limiting hole; 203. First pin; 204. First slide groove; 205. Movement control device; 206. Inverted shaped structure; 3. Mobile beam system; 301. Mobile beam; 302. Third limiting hole; 303. Second pin; 304. Sliding end; 4. Pressing and drawing mechanism; 401. first clamping plate; 402. second clamping plate; 403. third clamping plate; 404. screw rod; 405. jack; 406. first nut; 407. second nut; 408. third nut; 409. fourth nut; 410. first groove; 411. second groove; 412. third pin; 413. through hole; 414. stud; 5. Model pile; 6. Auxiliary mechanism; 601. Auxiliary steel plate; 602. Model pile hole; 603. Magnet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the above features and advantages of the present invention more easily understood, embodiments are given below with reference to the accompanying drawings for detailed description, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0021] refer to Figures 1 to 6 A movable single pile pressure-pulling integrated test device comprises a model box system 1, the model box system comprises a model box 101 with an upper opening, the model box is filled with sand and soil is provided with a soil pressure gauge and a pore water pressure sensor in the sand, so as to measure the soil parameter changes during the pressure-pulling process, and various test soils can be filled according to the test needs; a longitudinally movable support column system 2 is provided on both upper parts of the two sides of the model box, the support column system comprises a support column 201, a movable crossbeam system 3 capable of lifting and adjusting is provided between the two support columns, the movable crossbeam system comprises a movable crossbeam 301, a pressure-pulling mechanism 4 capable of lateral adjustment and used to install a model pile 5 is provided on the movable crossbeam, so as to allow the model pile to move freely in the vertical direction; an auxiliary mechanism 6 for assisting the penetration and extraction of the model pile is provided at the upper end of the model box and at the lower side of the pressure-pulling mechanism. The pressure-pulling and extraction tests are realized by controlling the pressure-pulling system mechanism by a computer; and the vertical pressure-pulling and extraction processes of model piles at different positions, different heights and different diameters in the model box are simulated.

[0022] In this embodiment, the horizontal direction is the X-axis direction in the three-axis coordinate system, the vertical direction is the Y-axis direction, and the vertical direction is the Z-axis direction.

[0023] In this embodiment, the model box 101 is made of steel, with a length of 2000 mm, a width of 2000 mm, a height of 1600 mm, a wall thickness of 10 mm, and tempered glass is filled on two adjacent sides; the box is filled with sand, and the soil height is 1400 mm.

[0024] In this embodiment, the lower end of the support column is fixed with an inverted shaped structure 206, which is buckled on the upper end of the side plate of the model box and a mobile control device 205 is arranged in the groove of the inverted shaped structure. The mobile control device 205 can be a roller driven by a motor to rotate, so as to facilitate the computer to control the movement of the support column. The upper part of the two side plates of the model box is provided with two rows of first limiting holes 102 arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the inverted shaped structure is transversely provided with a first pin 203 for passing through the first limiting hole. Ensure that the pressing and pulling mechanism can move freely and be fixed in the Y-axis direction.

[0025] In this embodiment, the first pin 203 is made of unhardened steel and austenitic stainless steel cylindrical pin with a diameter of 30 mm; the first limiting holes 102 have a diameter of 30 mm and a spacing of 650 mm.

[0026] In this embodiment, both ends of the movable crossbeam are provided with sliding ends 304, and the sliding ends can be T-shaped ends, and a moving device is provided on the sliding ends, such as a roller controlled by a motor; the inner side surface of the support column is vertically provided with a first sliding groove 204 that cooperates with the sliding end, and the first sliding groove can be a T-shaped groove; the support column is also provided with a limiting structure of the movable crossbeam to facilitate the lifting and positioning of the movable crossbeam.

[0027] The movable beam system 3 is used to provide a reaction force for the pressing and drawing mechanism 4 and drive the pressing and drawing mechanism 4 to move along the X-axis direction of the beam. Through computer control, the movable beam system 3 can be moved along the Z-axis direction of the support column 201 more conveniently and the connection is more secure.

[0028] In this embodiment, the limiting structure includes a second limiting hole 202, and the support column is provided with two rows of second limiting holes 202 arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction, and is provided with a second pin 303 for passing through the second limiting hole and located at the upper and lower sides of the sliding end. The movable cross beam system 3 is fixed between the left and right support columns 201 by connecting the second limiting hole 202 of the support column 201 with the second pin 303.

[0029] In this embodiment, the second pin is made of unhardened steel and austenitic stainless steel cylindrical pin with a diameter of 30 mm; the second limiting hole has a diameter of 30 mm and a spacing of 650 mm, so that the upper and lower edges of the movable beam can just fit closely against the two rows of second limiting holes, making the fixation more secure and ensuring that the pressing and pulling mechanism can move freely along the Z-axis direction and can be fixed at a specified height.

[0030] In this embodiment, the pressing and pulling mechanism includes a first clamping plate 401 and a second clamping plate 402 which are buckled on the lower side of the movable crossbeam, and screws 404 are vertically penetrated around the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate and fastened with nuts. A third clamping plate 403 is also installed at the lower end of the screw, and a jack 405 for connecting to the upper end of the model pile is installed on the third clamping plate.

[0031] In this embodiment, the screw is located on the upper side of the first clamping plate and is screwed with a first nut 406, the screw is located on the lower side of the second clamping plate and is screwed with a second nut 407, and the screw is located on the upper and lower sides of the third clamping plate and is screwed with a third nut 408 and a fourth nut 409.

[0032] In this embodiment, the lower side of the first clamping plate is provided with a first groove 410 that matches the movable crossbeam, and the upper side of the second clamping plate is provided with a second groove 411 that matches the movable crossbeam. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are fixed to the movable crossbeam through the first groove 407 and the second groove 408. The movable crossbeam is provided with two rows of third limiting holes 302 arranged at intervals in the transverse direction and equipped with a third pin 412. The second clamping plate has a built-in moving device, which can be freely moved along the X-axis direction of the movable crossbeam through computer control. And it is further fixed to the movable crossbeam by connecting the third pin with the third limiting hole 302.

[0033] In this embodiment, the third pin is made of unhardened steel and austenitic stainless steel cylindrical pin, and its diameter is 20 mm. The third limit hole has a diameter of 20 mm and a spacing of 500 mm. It should be noted that the edge of the first clamping plate of the pressing and drawing mechanism is closely attached to the third limit hole to ensure that the pressing and drawing mechanism is fixed on the movable crossbeam.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first clamping plate, the second clamping plate and the third clamping plate are all made of steel plates with a length of 500 mm, a width of 500 mm and a height of 50 mm. The screw rod is made of HRB500 material, with a diameter of 60 mm and a length of 1200 mm. The first, second and third clamping plates are fixed by connecting the screw rod with the first to fourth nuts, and the entire pressing and drawing mechanism is further fixed.

[0035] In this embodiment, the jack is an electric synchronous hydraulic jack with a diameter of 300 mm, a height of 300 mm, a stroke of 900 mm, and a cylinder diameter of 200 mm. There are three sections of piston rods in the cylinder of the jack, and the diameters of the three sections of piston rods are 200 mm, 150 mm, and 100 mm respectively.

[0036] In this embodiment, the third clamping plate is provided with a through hole 413 for the piston rod of the jack to pass through, and the size of the through hole is the same as the diameter of the jack cylinder, both of which are 200 mm. The jack is connected to the electric pump, and the piston rod of the jack is installed with a stud 414 for connecting to the model pile. The stud adopts a full-thread stud HG / T 20613-2009 M20, and its length is 70 mm. When installing the jack, the third clamping plate is passed through the screw rod and the third nut and the fourth nut are passed to support the jack, while ensuring that the piston rod can freely extend and retract through the through hole.

[0037] In this embodiment, the model pile is ensured to be vertically penetrated and pulled out by an auxiliary mechanism during the compression and pull-out test. The model pile can be an open pile or a closed pile of any diameter. A top cover needs to be installed on the top of the open pile and a threaded hole needs to be left in the middle of the top cover, while a threaded hole needs to be drilled in the middle of the top of the closed pile.

[0038] Specifically, the model pile 5 can be a hollow alloy aluminum open pile with a diameter of 260 mm and a length of 1200 mm. A 30 mm thick top cover is installed on the top of the model pile and a threaded hole with a diameter of 20 mm is left in the middle of the top cover. The body of the model pile 5 is provided with strain gauges, which are connected to the minimum piston rod of the jack 405 through the stud 406. The jack can drive the model pile to move up and down by extension / contraction to complete the pile pressing / pulling test and measure the stress-strain during the pile pressing / pulling process. The pile head and the jack piston rod can be further fixed by a clamp during the pile pulling process.

[0039] In this embodiment, the auxiliary mechanism includes an auxiliary steel plate 601 longitudinally mounted on the upper end of the model box, and a plurality of model pile holes 602 are longitudinally spaced apart on the auxiliary steel plate. Magnets 603 that attract the upper end of the model box are disposed on the lower sides of both ends of the auxiliary steel plate.

[0040] Specifically, five model pile holes 602 with a diameter of 260 mm and a model pile hole margin of 240 mm can be opened on the auxiliary steel plate 601; the length of the auxiliary steel plate extending from the side wall of the model box is greater than the model pile hole margin. By adjusting the different positions of the auxiliary steel plate and the multiple model pile holes, auxiliary penetration and extraction can be achieved at any position in the model box. The auxiliary steel plate can be fixed at any position on the side wall of the model box by magnets to ensure that the auxiliary steel plate will not be dislocated during the test. At the same time, the model piles pass through the model pile holes to ensure the vertical angle during the pile pressing and pulling process.

[0041] A movable single pile pressure-pulling integrated test method, using a movable single pile pressure-pulling integrated test device, comprises the following steps: (1) Sand and soil were loaded into the model box 101 in a layered filling manner, with a total filling depth of 1400 mm. The filling was carried out according to the standard that the height of each layer after compaction was 100 mm. The prepared average soil layer was filled in with equal mass and manually compacted. After filling, the test was allowed to stand for two weeks to ensure soil consolidation. During the soil consolidation period, the test device was assembled. (2) A hollow aluminum alloy open pile with a diameter of 260 mm and a length of 1200 mm was selected. Strain gauges were pasted on both sides of the pile body. The specific positions for pile pressing and pile pulling were determined to be (1000, 1000) at the exact center of the model pile (X, Y). (3) Install the support column 201 on the left and right side walls of the model box 101 and move it to the y The axis is positioned at 1000 mm and is fixed by inserting a first pin 203 into a first limiting hole 102 in the model box; (4) Control the movable crossbeam to move vertically to the designated position and fix it; The sliding end 304 of the moving crossbeam 301 is plugged into the first slide slot 204 of the side wall of the support column 201, moved to a height of 3000 mm on the Z axis by a computer, and fixed by inserting the second pin 303 into the second limiting hole 202 of the support column 201; (5) The first groove 410 of the first clamping plate 401 is buckled on the movable crossbeam 301, and four screws 404 are inserted. Four first nuts 406 are screwed in from the top to fix it; the second clamping plate is inserted into the screw 404 from the bottom, and the second groove 411 is buckled on the lower side of the crossbeam when moving, and the second nut 407 is screwed in to fix the second clamping plate; the third nut 408 is screwed into the lower part of the screw, and then the third clamping plate 403 is inserted, and the jack 405 is placed between the third clamping plate and the second clamping plate, with the cylinder part facing downward and the extended piston rod placed in the through hole 413 of the third clamping plate, and the fourth nut 409 of the third clamping plate is tightened to fix the jack to the entire pressing and drawing mechanism 4. The jack is connected to an external motor and moved to the 1000 mm position of the X axis through a computer. The third pin 412 is inserted into the third limiting hole 302 on the movable crossbeam 301 to fix it; (6) Fix the auxiliary steel plate 601 to the upper side wall of the model box 101 through the magnet 603 to ensure the penetration angle of the model pile; clamp the auxiliary steel plate 601 to the side wall of the model box 101 with a clip, and tighten the clip to further fix it to prevent the auxiliary steel plate 601 from moving during the test; (7) The model pile 5 is passed through the model pile hole 602 of the auxiliary steel plate 601 to ensure the penetration angle, and connected to the piston rod of the jack 405 through the stud 406 to complete the fixing of the model pile 5; (8) After the entire device is ready, the motor of the jack 405 is connected, and the piston rod is extended by computer control to perform the pile pressing test. The pile head and the jack piston rod are fixed by the clamping plate, and the piston rod is retracted to perform the pile pulling test; (9) According to the test requirements, strain gauges are installed on the model pile body to record and analyze the stress-strain and soil parameter changes during the compression and extraction process; or model piles with different diameters are replaced for diameter comparison tests; or closed piles are replaced for comparison tests between closed piles and open piles. A threaded hole needs to be drilled in the middle of the pile top to connect the jack; or different speeds of the jack motor are selected for penetration rate comparison tests.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, according to the teachings of the present invention, designing different forms of movable single pile pressure-pulling integrated test devices and test methods does not require creative labor. Without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, all equal changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made within the scope of the patent application of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A movable single pile compression and extraction integrated test device, comprising a model box with an upper opening, characterized in that: The model box is filled with sand, and earth pressure gauges and pore water pressure sensors are laid in the sand. Support columns capable of longitudinal movement are arranged at the upper parts of both sides of the model box. A movable cross beam capable of lifting and adjusting is arranged between the two support columns. A pressing and pulling mechanism capable of lateral adjustment and used for installing model piles is arranged on the movable cross beam. An auxiliary mechanism for assisting the penetration and pulling out of the model piles is arranged at the upper end of the model box and below the pressing and pulling mechanism.

2. The movable single pile compression and pulling integrated testing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An inverted U-shaped structure is fixed at the lower end of the support column. The inverted U-shaped structure is buckled on the upper end of the side plate of the model box and is provided with a movement control device. First limit holes are arranged at intervals longitudinally on the upper parts of both side plates of the model box. A first pin for passing through the first limit holes is arranged horizontally on the inverted U-shaped structure.

3. The movable single pile compression and pulling integrated testing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Sliding ends are arranged at both ends of the movable cross beam. First chutes matched with the sliding ends are arranged vertically on the inner side surfaces of the support columns. A limiting structure for the movable cross beam is also arranged on the support columns.

4. The movable single pile compression and extraction integrated testing device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The limiting structure includes second limit holes. Second limit holes are arranged at intervals longitudinally on the support columns, and second pins for passing through the second limit holes and located on the upper and lower sides of the sliding ends are configured.

5. The movable single pile compression and extraction integrated testing device according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: The pressing and pulling mechanism includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate buckled on the upper and lower sides of the movable cross beam. Screws are vertically arranged around the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate and are fastened by nuts. A third clamping plate is further installed at the lower end of the screw. A jack for connecting with the upper end of the model pile is installed on the third clamping plate.

6. The movable single pile compression and extraction integrated testing device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A first nut is screwed on the upper side of the screw located on the first clamping plate. A second nut is screwed on the lower side of the screw located on the second clamping plate. A third nut and a fourth nut are screwed on the upper and lower sides of the screw located on the third clamping plate.

7. The movable single pile compression and extraction integrated testing device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A first groove matched with the movable cross beam is arranged on the lower side surface of the first clamping plate. A second groove matched with the movable cross beam is arranged on the upper side surface of the second clamping plate. Third limit holes are arranged at intervals horizontally on the movable cross beam, and third pins are configured.

8. The movable single pile compression and extraction integrated testing device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A through hole for the piston rod of the jack to pass through is opened on the third clamping plate. The jack is connected to an electric pump. A stud for connecting with the model pile is installed on the piston rod of the jack. Strain gauges are arranged on the pile body of the model pile.

9. The movable single pile compression and extraction integrated testing device according to claim 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that: The auxiliary mechanism includes an auxiliary steel plate longitudinally erected on the upper end of the model box. Model pile holes are arranged at intervals longitudinally on the auxiliary steel plate. Magnets for attracting the upper end of the model box are arranged on the lower sides of both ends of the auxiliary steel plate.

10. A movable single pile pressure-pulling integrated test method, using the movable single pile pressure-pulling integrated test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: (1) Fill the test soil in the model box system; (2) Determine the size of the model pile and the specific positions of pile pressing and pile pulling; (3) Control the longitudinal movement of the support column to a specified position and fix it; (4) Control the vertical movement of the movable cross beam to a specified position and fix it; (5) Fix the entire pressing and pulling mechanism at a specified position on the movable cross beam and fix it. Place the jack between the second clamping plate and the third clamping plate and fix it; (6) Fix the auxiliary mechanism on the upper end of the model box; (7) Pass the model pile through the holes of the auxiliary mechanism to ensure the penetration angle, and connect the model pile with the pressing and pulling mechanism to complete the fixation of the model pile. (8) After the entire device is ready, the piston rod of the control jack is extended to carry out the pile driving test. After the test is completed, the piston rod is retracted to carry out the pile pulling test; (9) According to the test requirements, strain gauges are installed on the model pile body to measure the stress-strain during the compression and extraction process; sensors are installed in the test soil to measure the changes in soil parameters; compression and extraction tests are carried out at a specified rate, or different rates are used for comparative tests.

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