An observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor

Abstract

The present invention discloses an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor, which relates to the field of foam combustion property observation. The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor is used to observe and obtain the physical and chemical properties of three-phase foam under different gas pressure states, and includes a reactor, end cap one and end cap two, a cavity cylindrical glass is provided between end cap one and end cap two; the inner bottom end of the cavity cylindrical glass is sequentially provided with electrode one, electrode two and an ignition head; an observation hole and a high-speed camera are provided on one side of the reactor; a slider is provided inside the reactor and on the outer side of the cavity cylindrical glass, and a gas duct is provided inside the cavity cylindrical glass; the reactor is also provided with a water valve and a pressure relief valve. The present invention can observe the stability and combustibility of three-phase foam formed by gas, solid and liquid under high pressure, and can achieve dynamic balance of pressure inside and outside the cavity cylindrical glass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of foam combustion property observation, in particular to a device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor. Background Art

[0002] Research on three-phase foams is increasingly becoming a focus of attention in several industries. Foams offer advantages such as low fluid density, strong solid particle carrying capacity, minimal filtration loss, minimal reservoir damage, and effective sealing, leading to their widespread use in oil and gas development, coal mining, and other fields. Furthermore, the combustion of three-phase foams can also be used as rock-breaking technology in geotechnical engineering. Large-scale rock-breaking is often required in various projects, including mining and stone extraction, foundation pit excavation, and tunnel and underground construction.

[0003] Traditional rock-breaking methods are widely used due to their high efficiency, low cost, and mature technology. However, these methods are subject to high vibration, which can easily damage critical structures and cause safety accidents, making them unsuitable for rock-breaking projects near existing buildings. In contrast, three-stage foams, with their environmentally friendly and energy-controllable advantages, have attracted widespread attention in the rock excavation field. Current rock-breaking technologies that utilize three-stage foam combustion suffer from the inability to observe the internal foam combustion process, including the stability and flammability of the foam under high pressure.

[0004] Currently, no effective solutions have been proposed for the problems in related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the problems in the related art, the present invention proposes an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related art.

[0006] To this end, the specific technical solutions adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow, high-temperature, and high-pressure reactor, the device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow, high-temperature, and high-pressure reactor, is used to observe and obtain the physical and chemical properties of three-phase foam under different gas pressure states, comprising a reactor, wherein end cap 1 and end cap 2 are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the reactor, a cavity cylindrical glass is provided between the end cap 1 and the end cap 2, and the inner wall of the cavity cylindrical glass is provided with a heat-insulating transparent material; an electrode 1 and an electrode 2 are sequentially provided at the bottom end of the inner portion of the cavity cylindrical glass, and an ignition head is connected to the top end of the electrode 1 and the electrode 2; an observation hole is provided on one side of the reactor, an observation glass is provided on the side of the observation hole close to the interior of the reactor, and a high-speed camera is provided at the observation hole; a slider is provided in the reactor and on the outer side of the cavity cylindrical glass, a gas conduit is provided inside the cavity cylindrical glass, and the top end of the gas conduit passes through the end cap 1 and extends to the outside of the reactor; a water valve is provided on one side of the bottom of the reactor, and a pressure relief valve is provided on the top of the reactor.

[0008] Furthermore, in order to improve the light transmittance, heat resistance, chemical stability and high temperature and high pressure resistance of the cavity cylindrical glass, the components of the cavity cylindrical glass include silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, calcium carbonate and boron oxide; a sealing ring 1 and a sealing ring 2 are provided between the bottom end of the cavity cylindrical glass and the bottom end of the reactor.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to install the electrode 1 and the electrode 2, the electrode 1 is connected to the end cap 2 via the nut 1, and the electrode 2 is connected to the end cap 2 via the nut 2.

[0010] Furthermore, in order to fix the observation glass, a pressure plate is provided at a portion of the reactor that is flush with the hollow cylindrical glass, and the pressure plate is connected to the reactor via bolts.

[0011] Furthermore, in order to prevent water and foam inside the reactor from overflowing, a sealing ring three is provided between the slider and the inner wall of the reactor, and a sealing ring four is provided between the slider and the outer wall of the cylindrical glass cavity; a sealing ring five is provided on the outer side of the bottom of the end cover one, and an air hole is provided at the bottom of the end cover one.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to allow the gas to be distributed more quickly and evenly after entering the reactor, the gas conduit is connected to the reactor through nut three, the end of the gas conduit away from the inside of the reactor is connected to the first end of the three-way joint, the second end of the three-way joint is connected to the pressure sensor, the third end of the three-way joint is connected to one end of the one-way valve, the other end of the one-way valve is connected to a high-pressure air pipe, and the end of the high-pressure air pipe away from the one-way valve is connected to an air compression device; the air compression device includes an air filter connected to the high-pressure air pipe, an air storage tank is provided on the side of the air filter, the air outlet of the air storage tank is connected to the air filter, and a three-phase motor, a muffler and an electromagnetic switch valve are sequentially provided on the outside of the air storage tank, and a pressure switch is provided on the electromagnetic switch valve.

[0013] Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam under different pressure conditions were observed and obtained, including:

[0014] Observe the anti-dispersion performance of each group of three-phase foams under different air pressure conditions; obtain the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam under different air pressure conditions by observing the change in the height of the three-phase foam over time;

[0015] Ignite the ignition head and compare the amount of foam remaining after combustion with the amount of foam before combustion to obtain the combustion amount of the three-phase foam under different air pressure conditions. The pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor indicates the combustion performance of the three-phase foam under different air pressure conditions.

[0016] The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated based on the Monte Carlo simulation method to obtain first simulation data. The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method to obtain second simulation data.

[0017] The physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam are comprehensively obtained based on the first simulation data, the second simulation data, the anti-dispersion performance of the three-phase foam, the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam, the combustion volume of the three-phase foam, and the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor;

[0018] Among them, based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is simulated, and the second simulation data obtained includes:

[0019] According to the structure of the reactor, the computational fluid dynamics simulation environment is divided to obtain an unstructured grid; a standard turbulence model is selected, and boundary conditions and initial conditions are set;

[0020] A computational fluid dynamics simulation is run to obtain second simulation data of the three-phase foam, wherein the second simulation data includes temperature distribution, pressure change, and gas composition during the combustion process of the three-phase foam.

[0021] Furthermore, based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is simulated, and the first simulation data obtained includes:

[0022] Configure the initial state of three-phase foam combustion in Monte Carlo simulations; use random sampling techniques to generate samples of initial pressure and temperature combinations;

[0023] The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam is simulated based on the initial pressure and temperature combination samples to obtain initial simulation results, which include the combustion reaction rate and combustion state of each phase in the three-phase foam under the initial pressure and temperature combination samples;

[0024] Based on the initial simulation results, a response surface model was constructed to predict the effects of pressure and temperature combinations on the combustion characteristics of three-phase foam.

[0025] Analyze the uncertainty of the response surface model to identify areas with large prediction errors; identify the pressure and temperature combinations that affect the combustion characteristics of the three-phase foam greater than a preset threshold;

[0026] Generate new pressure and temperature combination samples based on uncertainty analysis and identification of important areas;

[0027] Perform incremental simulations of the three-phase foam combustion mechanism based on new pressure and temperature combination samples, obtain new simulation results, and update the response surface model based on the initial simulation results and the new simulation results;

[0028] The update of the response surface model is iterated, and after the iteration is completed, first simulation data is obtained, and the first simulation data includes combustion reaction rate and combustion state data of the three-phase foam.

[0029] Furthermore, based on the initial simulation results, the response surface model is constructed including:

[0030] Determine the type of response surface model and select gas pressure and temperature as input features, combustion rate, combustion heat release, and mass change of each component as output responses;

[0031] The response surface model was trained using the initial simulation result data and its hyperparameters were adjusted. The accuracy and generalization ability of the response surface model were verified by cross-validation.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] (1) The present invention comprises a reactor, a hollow cylindrical glass, a pressure sensor, and a high-speed camera. With the aid of the hollow cylindrical glass and the high-speed camera, the stability and combustibility of a three-phase foam formed by gas, solid, and liquid under high pressure can be observed. Furthermore, due to the height difference between the reactor and the hollow cylindrical glass and the movement of the slider inside the reactor, the pressure inside and outside the hollow cylindrical glass can be dynamically balanced. In addition, the 15 mm thick hollow cylindrical glass has high strength and can be used in high temperature and high pressure environments.

[0034] (2) This invention observes the anti-dispersion performance, defoaming rate, combustion volume, and pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor during foam combustion. Combined with Monte Carlo simulation and CFD simulation, it can conduct a detailed analysis of complex combustion processes. Comparing experimental data with simulation results helps verify the accuracy of the simulation model, thereby improving the accuracy of the prediction of the foam combustion process. This comprehensive analysis method can promote more efficient, safe, and economical foam combustion research and engineering applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a principle block diagram of an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of an air compression device in an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] In the picture:

[0040] 1. Reactor; 2. End cap 1; 3. End cap 2; 4. Cavity cylindrical glass; 5. Thermal insulation transparent material; 6. Observation hole; 7. Observation glass; 8. Slider; 9. Air hole; 10. Water valve; 11. Pressure relief valve; 12. Ignition head; 13. Check valve; 14. T-joint; 15. Pressure sensor; 16. Gas conduit; 17. Pressure plate; 18. Bolt; 19. Nut 1; 20. Nut 2; 21. Nut 3; 22. Electrode 1; 23. Electrode 2; 24. Sealing ring 1; 25. Sealing ring 2; 26. Sealing ring 3; 27. Sealing ring 4; 28. Sealing ring 5; 29. ​​Air compression device; 291. Gas tank; 292. Three-phase motor; 293. Muffler; 294. Solenoid switch valve; 295. Pressure switch; 296. Air outlet; 297. Air filter; 30. Detonator; 31. High-speed camera; 32. High-pressure air pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] To further illustrate each embodiment, the present invention provides drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention. They are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. By referring to these contents, ordinary technicians in this field should be able to understand other possible implementation methods and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow, high-temperature, and high-pressure reactor is provided. This device relates to the combustion properties of three-phase foam under high pressure, specifically the stability and combustibility of three-phase foams formed by gas, solid, and liquid under high pressure. By simultaneously applying water and air pressure to achieve internal equilibrium in the reactor and utilizing a high-speed camera 31 to record, the stability and combustibility of the three-phase foam formed by gas, solid, and liquid can be measured under high pressure.

[0043] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Figure 1-3 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor is used to observe and obtain the physical and chemical properties of three-phase foam under different gas pressure states, including a reactor 1 (high-temperature and high-pressure reactor), an ignition device is connected to the bottom of the reactor 1, the top and bottom of the reactor 1 are respectively provided with end cap 1 2 and end cap 2 3, a cavity cylindrical glass 4 (high-strength glass, a hollow cylindrical structure) is provided between the end cap 1 2 and the end cap 2 3, the inner wall of the cavity cylindrical glass 4 is provided with a heat-insulating transparent material 5; the inner bottom end of the cavity cylindrical glass 4 is provided with an electrode 1 22 and an electrode 2 2 in sequence. 3. The top ends of electrode 1 22 and electrode 2 23 are connected to an ignition head 12; an observation hole 6 is provided on one side of the reactor 1, and an observation glass 7 is provided on the side of the observation hole 6 close to the interior of the reactor 1, and a high-speed camera 31 is provided at the observation hole 6; a slider 8 is provided inside the reactor 1 and on the outside of the hollow cylindrical glass 4, and a gas conduit 16 is provided inside the hollow cylindrical glass 4, and the top end of the gas conduit 16 passes through the end cover 1 2 and extends to the outside of the reactor 1; a water valve 10 is provided on one side of the bottom of the reactor 1, and is connected to an external water injection device through the water valve 10; a pressure relief valve 11 is provided on the top of the reactor 1 to relieve the pressure in the reactor 1 after the test.

[0044] End cap 1 2 is connected to the upper end of the reactor 1, and end cap 2 3 is connected to the lower end of the reactor 1, and both are sealed by threads; the part of end cap 1 2 in the cavity of the cylindrical glass 4 needs to protrude a section of the cylindrical cavity to prevent foam from diffusing to the outer circle through the pores as much as possible.

[0045] A cylindrical stepped observation hole 6 is provided at the end of the reactor 1. A cylindrical observation glass 7 is pressed into the step from the inside of the reactor 1. The portion of the observation glass 7 in contact with the inside of the reactor 1 is initially fixed by a sealant.

[0046] With the help of the above scheme, the present invention can observe the stability and combustibility of the three-phase foam formed by gas, solid and liquid under high-pressure conditions. Moreover, due to the height difference between the reactor 1 and the hollow cylindrical glass 4 and the movement of the slider 8 inside the reactor 1, the pressure inside and outside the hollow cylindrical glass 4 can be dynamically balanced. In addition, the 15mm thick hollow cylindrical glass 4 has high strength and can be used in high-temperature and high-pressure environments.

[0047] In one embodiment, the hollow cylindrical glass 4 comprises silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and boron oxide (B2O3). SiO2, as the primary component, accounts for 60%-70% and improves the structural strength and transparency of the hollow cylindrical glass 4. Al2O3, as the secondary component, accounts for 10%-20% and increases the mechanical strength and chemical stability of the hollow cylindrical glass 4. Furthermore, adding appropriate amounts of P2O5, CaCO3, and B2O3 to the high-alumina-silica glass process formula improves the light transmittance, heat resistance, and chemical stability of the hollow cylindrical glass 4, resulting in excellent resistance to high temperatures and high pressures. The hollow cylindrical glass 4, 15 mm thick and cylindrical in structure, is inserted into the reactor 1 through a glass slot reserved at the lower end of the reactor 1. A hollow annular glass surface extends from the lower portion of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 to enhance the compressive strength of the lower glass. A through-hole is required in the hollow annular surface to facilitate water circulation. Seal ring 1 24 and seal ring 2 25 are provided between the bottom end of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 and the bottom end of the reactor 1 to seal the lower end of the reactor 1. A layer of heat-insulating transparent material 5 is applied to the inside of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 to prevent damage to the inside and outside of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 due to uneven heating. A through-hole is required at the upper end of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 to facilitate gas passage. The air holes at the upper end of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 allow the gas in the inner circle to diffuse to the outer circle; the movement of the air holes and the slider 8 inside can keep the pressure inside and outside the hollow cylindrical glass 4 in dynamic balance.

[0048] In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned electrode 1 22, electrode 1 22 is connected to end cap 2 3 via nut 1 19, and electrode 2 23 is connected to end cap 2 3 via nut 2 20. End cap 2 3 needs to reserve space for two electrodes, and electrode 1 22 and electrode 2 23 are fixed to end cap 2 3 via nut 1 19 and nut 2 20. A portion of the electrode is reserved inside and outside the end cap 2 3. Electrode 1 22 and electrode 2 23 are connected to a wire on one side inside the end cap 2 3 and connected to the ignition head 12 via the wire; electrode 1 22 and electrode 2 23 on the inside of the end cap 2 3 need to be threaded to facilitate the fixation of nut 1 19 and nut 2 20; electrode 1 22 and electrode 2 23 are connected to the detonator 30 on the side outside the end cap 2 3 via a detonating wire.

[0049] In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned reactor 1, a pressure plate 17 is provided in the portion of the reactor 1 flush with the hollow cylindrical glass 4, and the pressure plate 17 is connected to the reactor 1 via bolts 18. Two square pressure plates 17 are placed in the portion of the reactor 1 flush with the hollow cylindrical glass 4, and the pressure plates 17 are fixed to the reactor 1 internally via bolts 18, thereby fixing the observation glass 7. A sufficient gap must be reserved between the two pressure plates 17 to prevent the pressure plates 17 from blocking the observation range of the high-speed camera 31. The high-speed camera 31 is placed on a camera stand, parallel to the observation hole 6, to record the combustion characteristics of the three-phase foam under high pressure. The high-speed camera 31 is capable of automatic capture; the camera stand is designed as a rotatable tracking bracket, which allows the high-speed camera 31 to flexibly adjust its observation range as pressure and temperature change.

[0050] In one embodiment, the slider 8 is provided with a sealing ring 3 26 between the slider 8 and the inner wall of the reactor 1, and a sealing ring 4 27 between the slider 8 and the outer wall of the hollow cylindrical glass 4. A sealing ring 5 28 is sleeved on the outer side of the bottom of the end cap 1 2, and an air hole 9 is provided at the bottom of the end cap 1 2 to prevent water and foam from overflowing from the reactor 1. The slider 8 is a hollow annular structure, positioned between the reactor 1 and the hollow cylindrical glass 4. The outer and inner rings of the slider 8, as well as the outer ring of the end cap 1 2 located in the middle of the hollow cylindrical glass 4, are provided with sealing ring grooves for the sealing ring 3 26, the sealing ring 4 27, and the sealing ring 5 28, respectively. This allows the slider 8 to slide up and down between the reactor 1 and the hollow cylindrical glass 4, preventing water and foam from overflowing from the reactor 1. An air hole 9 is provided in the middle of the end cap 1 2 inside the hollow cylindrical glass 4 to allow gas to pass smoothly through and diffuse toward the outer ring when pressure is applied.

[0051] In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned gas conduit 16, the gas conduit 16 is connected to the reactor 1 through the nut three 21, and a section of thread needs to be protruded from the outer side of the end cover 2, and the protruding thread portion is for facilitating the fixing of the nut three 21. The end of the gas conduit 16 away from the interior of the reactor 1 is connected to the first end of the three-way joint 14, the second end of the three-way joint 14 is connected to the pressure sensor 15 (pressure sensing device), and the third end of the three-way joint 14 is connected to one end of the one-way valve 13 (the one-way valve 13 can prevent the backflow of gas). The other end of the one-way valve 13 is connected to the high-pressure gas pipe 32, and the end of the high-pressure gas pipe 32 away from the one-way valve 13 is connected to the air compression device 29; the air compression device 29 includes an air filter 297 connected to the high-pressure gas pipe 32, an air storage tank 291 is provided on the side of the air filter 297, and the air outlet 296 of the air storage tank 291 is connected to the air filter 297. The outside of the air storage tank 291 is sequentially provided with a three-phase motor 292, a muffler 293 and an electromagnetic switch valve 294, and the electromagnetic switch valve 294 is provided with a pressure switch 295.

[0052] The air compression device 29 is an air compressor, which is driven by a three-phase motor 292 to compress the air. The air storage tank 291 can store a certain amount of compressed air to meet the sudden increase in air consumption of the air-consuming equipment. The main function of the muffler 293 is to reduce the noise generated by the air compression device 29 during operation. In order to control the start and stop of the air compression device 29 and adjust the pressure and flow of the system, the air compression device 29 needs to be equipped with an electromagnetic switch valve 294. A pressure switch 295 is set on the electromagnetic switch valve 294 to control the start and stop of the equipment. In addition, the air outlet 296 on the air compression device 29 is equipped with an air filter 297, which can continuously filter the compressed air. The air is filtered and impurities, moisture and oil mist are removed to ensure the purity and dryness of the air; the other end of the air filter 297 is connected to the high-pressure air pipe 32, which is connected to the one-way valve 13 through the high-pressure air pipe 32, and then connected to the three-way joint 14 through the one-way valve 13. The other side of the three-way joint 14 is connected to the pressure sensor 15, and then the last end of the three-way joint 14 is connected to the end cover 2 through the high-pressure air pipe 32 through the nut 3 21; a gas conduit 16 is connected to the inside of the end cover 2, and the gas conduit 16 is fixed to the end cover 2 by welding; the end cover 2 inside the reactor 1 and the top of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 need to be provided with air holes throughout the circumference so that the gas can be distributed more quickly and evenly after entering the reactor 1.

[0053] In one embodiment, observing and obtaining the physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures includes:

[0054] The anti-dispersion performance of each group of three-phase foams under different air pressure states was observed; the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam under different air pressure states was obtained by observing the change in the height of the three-phase foam over time.

[0055] Ignite the ignition head 12, and by comparing the remaining foam amount after combustion of the three-phase foam with the foam amount before combustion, the combustion amount of the three-phase foam under different air pressure states is obtained; the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor 15 represents the combustion performance of the three-phase foam under different air pressure states.

[0056] Based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is simulated to obtain the first simulation data; based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is simulated to obtain the second simulation data.

[0057] The physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam are comprehensively obtained based on the first simulation data, the second simulation data, the anti-dispersion performance of the three-phase foam, the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam, the combustion volume of the three-phase foam and the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor 15.

[0058] Among them, based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method (CFD simulation), the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is simulated, and the second simulation data obtained includes:

[0059] According to the structure of the reactor 1, the computational fluid dynamics simulation environment is divided to obtain an unstructured grid, ensuring that the unstructured grid can accurately capture the details of flow and combustion in the high-pressure combustion environment in the hollow cylindrical glass 4.

[0060] The standard k-epsilon turbulence model (a turbulence model used in industrial flow calculations) is used to set boundary conditions and initial conditions such as the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the three-phase foam material and the thermal boundary conditions of the wall.

[0061] A computational fluid dynamics simulation is run to obtain second simulation data of the three-phase foam, wherein the second simulation data includes temperature distribution, pressure change, gas composition, etc. during the combustion process of the three-phase foam.

[0062] In one embodiment, based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is simulated, and the first simulation data obtained includes:

[0063] Configure the initial state of three-phase foam combustion in the Monte Carlo simulation, including the three-phase ratio and initial volume. In addition, set the initial ranges of gas pressure and temperature, the simulation time interval, and the total duration.

[0064] Generate initial combined pressure and temperature samples using a random sampling technique; these samples should be evenly distributed within a preset range.

[0065] The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam is simulated based on the initial pressure and temperature combination samples, such as the combustion rate, combustion heat release and mass change of each component, to obtain the initial simulation results. The initial simulation results also include the combustion reaction rate and combustion state of each phase in the three-phase foam under the initial pressure and temperature combination samples.

[0066] Based on the initial simulation results, response surface models such as Gaussian process regression models are constructed to predict the effects of gas pressure and temperature combinations on the combustion characteristics of three-phase foams.

[0067] The uncertainty of the response surface model is analyzed to identify areas with large prediction errors and to identify areas with pressure and temperature combinations whose effects on the combustion characteristics of three-phase foam are greater than a preset threshold.

[0068] Generate new pressure and temperature combination samples based on uncertainty analysis and identification of important areas; for example, dense sampling in high uncertainty and high impact areas, using methods such as Bayesian optimization or entropy maximization. For example, using entropy maximization:

[0069] Sampling points are selected by maximizing information uncertainty, enabling efficient exploration of regions of model uncertainty. Information entropy is a measure of system uncertainty. During the optimization process, sampling is performed in regions with high information entropy, thereby gaining more knowledge about system behavior. By maximizing information entropy, pressure and temperature combinations that provide the greatest information gain are selected. In other words, entropy maximization methods tend to select denser sampling in regions with high current model uncertainty. The newly sampled data is then added to the Gaussian process regression model, model parameters are updated, and optimization continues.

[0070] An incremental simulation of the three-phase foam combustion mechanism is performed based on the new pressure and temperature combination samples to obtain new simulation results. The response surface model is then updated based on the initial simulation results and the new simulation results.

[0071] The update of the response surface model is iterated, and after the iteration is completed, first simulation data is obtained, and the first simulation data includes combustion reaction rate and combustion state data of the three-phase foam.

[0072] In one embodiment, constructing a response surface model based on the initial simulation results includes:

[0073] Determine the type of response surface model and select gas pressure and temperature as input features, and combustion rate, combustion heat release, and mass change of each component as output responses.

[0074] The response surface model is trained using the initial simulation result data, and the hyperparameters of the response surface model, such as the selection and optimization of the kernel function, are adjusted to improve the prediction accuracy of the model; the accuracy and generalization ability of the response surface model are verified by cross-validation.

[0075] In order to facilitate understanding of the above technical solutions of the present invention, the working principle or operation mode of the present invention in actual process is described in detail below.

[0076] 1) Place sealing ring 1 24 and sealing ring 2 25 on the inner and outer rings of the glass tank inside reactor 1. Then, insert the hollow cylindrical glass 4 covered with thermal insulating transparent material 5 into reactor 1 through the reserved glass tank inside reactor 1. Secure electrode 1 22 and electrode 2 23 to end cap 2 3 using nut 19 and nut 20, respectively. The portions of electrode 1 22 and electrode 2 23 on the inner side of end cap 2 3 are connected to the ignition head 12 via wires. Thread end cap 2 3 onto the lower end of reactor 1.

[0077] 2) Press the observation glass 7 into the observation hole 6 in the reactor 1. The portion where the observation glass 7 contacts the reactor 1 is fixed with sealant. The pressure plate 17 is fixed to the inside of the reactor 1 with bolts 18 to secure the observation glass 7.

[0078] 3) Inject foam into the cavity of the hollow cylindrical glass 4, place the slider 8 between the reactor 1 and the hollow cylindrical glass 4, and install the sealing ring 3 26, sealing ring 4 27, and sealing ring 5 28 on the outer and inner rings of the slider 8 and the end cap 1 2 inside the hollow cylindrical glass 4, respectively.

[0079] 4) Connect end cap 1-2 to reactor 1 via threads, connect air compressor 29 to one-way valve 13 via high-pressure air pipe 32, and then connect to three-way joint 14 via one-way valve 13. The other side of three-way joint 14 is connected to pressure sensor 15. Then, connect the last end of three-way joint 14 to end cap 1-2 via high-pressure air pipe 32 using nut 3.

[0080] 5) Connect the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 located outside the second end cap 3 to the detonating device 30 via the detonating wire.

[0081] 6) Open the water valve 10 and slowly inject water into the reactor 1. At the same time, air pressure is slowly applied inward through the air compressor 29. Due to the air holes at the upper end of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 and the movement of the two sliders 8 inside, when the specified pressure is reached, the pressure inside and outside the hollow cylindrical glass 4 should be roughly the same.

[0082] 7) Place the high-speed camera 31 on the camera stand, parallel to the observation hole 6.

[0083] 8) After the pressure stabilizes, the ignition head 12 is ignited by the external detonator 30. The combustion characteristics of the three-phase foam under high pressure are recorded by a high-speed camera 31. The recorded three-phase foam combustion process and the readings of the pressure sensor 15 are transmitted to the computer by the data acquisition device.

[0084] 9) Open the pressure relief valve 11 to release the air pressure in the reactor 1, and then open the water valve 10 to release the water pressure.

[0085] 10) Organize the data and observe whether each group of foam will be dispersed by the high-pressure gas without igniting the ignition head 12; and study the defoaming rate of the foam under high-pressure gas by observing the change in the foam height in the hollow cylindrical glass 4 over time under different gas pressures; when the ignition head 12 is ignited, observe the amount of combustion by comparing the amount of remaining foam after combustion with the amount of foam before combustion, and observe the performance of the foam combustion through the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor 15.

[0086] 11) Monte Carlo simulation and CFD simulation analysis experiments were introduced. The model predictions were compared with the observations recorded by pressure sensor 15 and high-speed camera 31 to verify the accuracy and reliability of the simulations. This was used to study the combustion mechanism of the foam under high pressure in reactor 1.

[0087] In the Monte Carlo simulation, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is first simulated to obtain the first simulation data.

[0088] In addition, a physical and chemical model of the foam combustion reaction was established, including determining the types of reactants and products, reaction steps, and reaction rates. Random sampling of reaction parameters such as pressure and temperature was performed to simulate various events in the reaction process. Based on transition state theory and the Arrhenius equation, an expression for the rate constant suitable for high-temperature conditions was derived to more accurately describe the chemical reaction under high-temperature conditions. Parameters such as temperature and pressure were adjusted, and the simulated data were compared with the observations recorded in the experiment to verify the accuracy and reliability of the simulation.

[0089] In the CFD simulation, a high-quality unstructured mesh was created based on the structure of the reactor 1 to ensure that the mesh could accurately capture the details of the flow and combustion in the high-pressure combustion environment within the hollow cylindrical glass 4. A standard k-epsilon turbulence model was used, and boundary conditions and initial conditions, such as the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the foam material and the thermal boundary conditions of the wall, were set. The CFD simulation was run to observe and analyze the temperature distribution, pressure changes, and gas composition during the combustion process. These results were then compared with the test results recorded by the pressure sensor 15 and the high-speed camera 31, and the model parameters and boundary conditions were continuously adjusted until they met the test requirements.

[0090] Post-processing tools were used to analyze the simulation results. The high-pressure foam state and distribution, as well as the flame propagation characteristics during combustion, recorded by the high-speed camera 31 during the experiment, were compared with the pressure data recorded by the pressure sensor 15 to evaluate the combustion performance of the foam under high-pressure conditions. The processing tools were used to analyze the CFD and Monte Carlo simulation results, extracting key data such as temperature and pressure fields, fluid flow characteristics, combustion reaction rate, and combustion state data. The combustion performance, including combustion rate and peak pressure, was analyzed by comparing the data collected by the pressure sensor 15 and the high-speed camera 31 during the experiments.

[0091] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "install", "set", "connect", "fix", "screw" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Unless otherwise clearly defined, ordinary technicians in this field can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0092] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor, characterized in that: The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor is used to observe and obtain the physical and chemical properties of three-phase foam under different gas pressure states, comprising a reactor (1), wherein the top and bottom ends of the reactor (1) are respectively provided with an end cap 1 (2) and an end cap 2 (3), a hollow cylindrical glass (4) is provided between the end cap 1 (2) and the end cap 2 (3), and the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical glass (4) is provided with a heat-insulating transparent material (5); The inner bottom end of the hollow cylindrical glass (4) is provided with an electrode 1 (22) and an electrode 2 (23) in sequence, and the top ends of the electrode 1 (22) and the electrode 2 (23) are connected to an ignition head (12); An observation hole (6) is provided on one side of the reactor (1), an observation glass (7) is provided on a side of the observation hole (6) close to the interior of the reactor (1), and a high-speed camera (31) is provided at the observation hole (6); A slider (8) is provided inside the reactor (1) and on the outside of the hollow cylindrical glass (4); a gas conduit (16) is provided inside the hollow cylindrical glass (4); and the top end of the gas conduit (16) passes through the end cap (2) and extends to the outside of the reactor (1); the gas conduit (16) is connected to the reactor (1) through a nut (21); an end of the gas conduit (16) away from the inside of the reactor (1) is connected to a first end of a three-way joint (14); and a second end of the three-way joint (14) is connected to a pressure sensor (15); A water valve (10) is provided on one side of the bottom of the reactor (1), and a pressure relief valve (11) is provided on the top of the reactor (1).

2. The device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components of the hollow cylindrical glass (4) include silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, calcium carbonate and boron oxide; A sealing ring 1 (24) and a sealing ring 2 (25) are provided between the bottom end of the hollow cylindrical glass (4) and the bottom end of the reaction kettle (1).

3. The device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode 1 (22) is connected to the end cap 2 (3) via the nut 1 (19), and the electrode 2 (23) is connected to the end cap 2 (3) via the nut 2 (20).

4. The device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressing plate (17) is provided at a portion of the interior of the reactor (1) flush with the hollow cylindrical glass (4), and the pressing plate (17) is connected to the reactor (1) via bolts (18).

5. The device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third sealing ring (26) is provided between the slider (8) and the inner wall of the reactor (1), and a fourth sealing ring (27) is provided between the slider (8) and the outer wall of the hollow cylindrical glass (4); The outer side of the bottom of the end cover 1 (2) is provided with a sealing ring 5 (28), and the bottom of the end cover 1 (2) is provided with an air hole (9).

6. The device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third end of the three-way connector (14) is connected to one end of the one-way valve (13), the other end of the one-way valve (13) is connected to a high-pressure air pipe (32), and the end of the high-pressure air pipe (32) away from the one-way valve (13) is connected to an air compression device (29).

7. The device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air compression device (29) includes an air filter (297) connected to the high-pressure air pipe (32), an air storage tank (291) is provided on the side of the air filter (297), an air outlet (296) of the air storage tank (291) is connected to the air filter (297), and a three-phase motor (292), a muffler (293) and an electromagnetic switch valve (294) are sequentially provided on the outside of the air storage tank (291), and a pressure switch (295) is provided on the electromagnetic switch valve (294).

8. The device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observing and obtaining of the physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states includes: Observe the anti-dispersion performance of each group of three-phase foams under different air pressure conditions; obtain the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam under different air pressure conditions by observing the change in the height of the three-phase foam over time; Ignite the ignition head (12), and obtain the combustion amount of the three-phase foam under different air pressure states by comparing the amount of foam remaining after the three-phase foam is burned with the amount of foam before the combustion; and indicate the combustion performance of the three-phase foam under different air pressure states through the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor (15); The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated based on the Monte Carlo simulation method to obtain first simulation data. The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method to obtain second simulation data. The physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam are comprehensively obtained based on the first simulation data, the second simulation data, the anti-dispersion performance of the three-phase foam, the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam, the combustion amount of the three-phase foam and the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor (15); The second simulation data obtained by simulating the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method includes: According to the structure of the reactor (1), the computational fluid dynamics simulation environment is divided to obtain an unstructured grid; a standard turbulence model is selected, and boundary conditions and initial conditions are set; A computational fluid dynamics simulation is run to obtain second simulation data of the three-phase foam, wherein the second simulation data includes temperature distribution, pressure change, and gas composition during the combustion process of the three-phase foam.

9. The device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is simulated based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, and the first simulation data obtained includes: Configure the initial state of three-phase foam combustion in Monte Carlo simulations; use random sampling techniques to generate samples of initial pressure and temperature combinations; The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam is simulated based on the initial pressure and temperature combination samples to obtain initial simulation results, which include the combustion reaction rate and combustion state of each phase in the three-phase foam under the initial pressure and temperature combination samples; Based on the initial simulation results, a response surface model was constructed to predict the effects of pressure and temperature combinations on the combustion characteristics of three-phase foam. Analyze the uncertainty of the response surface model to identify areas with large prediction errors; identify the pressure and temperature combinations that affect the combustion characteristics of the three-phase foam greater than a preset threshold; Generate new pressure and temperature combination samples based on uncertainty analysis and identification of important areas; Perform incremental simulations of the three-phase foam combustion mechanism based on new pressure and temperature combination samples, obtain new simulation results, and update the response surface model based on the initial simulation results and the new simulation results; The update of the response surface model is iterated, and after the iteration is completed, first simulation data is obtained, and the first simulation data includes combustion reaction rate and combustion state data of the three-phase foam.

10. The device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that: The constructing of the response surface model according to the initial simulation results includes: Determine the type of response surface model and select gas pressure and temperature as input features, combustion rate, combustion heat release, and mass change of each component as output responses; The response surface model was trained using the initial simulation result data and its hyperparameters were adjusted. The accuracy and generalization ability of the response surface model were verified by cross-validation.

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