Integrated system and method for monitoring water and soil loss and managing vegetation recovery

Abstract

According to the integrated system and method for monitoring the water and soil loss and managing the vegetation recovery, the three-dimensional laser scanning module, the multiband LED light source module and the spectrum sensing module are integrated, and the system achieves an intelligent and accurate solution for monitoring the water and soil loss and managing the vegetation recovery during engineering construction. In the system, a three-dimensional laser scanning module is used for collecting three-dimensional data of the earth surface, analyzing the soil height change and calculating the water and soil loss amount; the multi-band LED light source module provides illumination of different wavelengths according to the growth stage of the vegetation to assist the rapid recovery of the vegetation; and the spectrum identification module analyzes the surface reflected light and evaluates the coverage and health condition of vegetation. Through remote data transmission and intelligent analysis, the system can automatically inform a user when vegetation recovery is completed, and the efficiency and accuracy of water and soil conservation work are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil and water conservation, and relates to an integrated system and method for monitoring soil and water loss and managing vegetation restoration. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of urbanization and infrastructure construction, various engineering projects such as road construction, reservoir construction, and slope reinforcement have caused varying degrees of disturbance to the surface environment. The construction process of these projects will inevitably destroy vegetation and expose soil, thereby increasing the risk of soil erosion. Soil erosion not only leads to a decrease in soil fertility, but also causes disasters such as river siltation and landslides, which in turn affects the balance of the ecological environment and the stability of engineering facilities. Therefore, timely monitoring and controlling soil erosion and promoting vegetation recovery are important tasks in engineering construction.

[0003] At present, in the field of soil erosion monitoring and vegetation restoration management, manual measurement, remote sensing monitoring and drone aerial photography are mainly used, but these methods have their own shortcomings: Manual measurement: long cycle, high cost, limited coverage, and difficult to operate in complex terrain.

[0004] Remote sensing and drone monitoring: Although they can achieve large-scale monitoring, their resolution is low and they are greatly affected by weather and lighting conditions, making it difficult to achieve continuous and accurate monitoring and real-time data acquisition.

[0005] Independent monitoring and restoration management: The existing monitoring system mainly focuses on data collection and analysis, while the management of vegetation restoration relies on human judgment. There is a lack of effective linkage between the two, and it is impossible to efficiently guide the vegetation restoration process.

[0006] In recent years, three-dimensional laser scanning (LiDAR) technology has gradually been applied to the field of environmental monitoring due to its high precision and all-weather characteristics. Three-dimensional laser scanning can obtain accurate three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface and analyze the surface height changes and soil erosion in real time. However, laser scanning technology can only provide data on soil layer changes, and cannot accurately identify the status of surface vegetation coverage and its health. Correspondingly, multi-band spectral recognition technology can accurately analyze the status of surface vegetation, such as chlorophyll content, vegetation density, etc., through the light reflection characteristics of different wavelengths. Therefore, the combination of multi-band spectral recognition and three-dimensional laser scanning can achieve comprehensive monitoring of the surface status, including vegetation coverage and soil loss dynamics.

[0007] In order to deal with the risk of soil erosion during construction, a systematic solution is needed that can not only efficiently monitor surface changes, but also alleviate soil erosion through vegetation restoration measures. At the same time, different wavelengths of light have a positive effect on the growth of vegetation. For example, red light promotes plant photosynthesis, blue light promotes chlorophyll synthesis, and far-red light helps plant stems to elongate. Therefore, how to integrate multi-band LED light sources to provide targeted lighting in the monitoring system will greatly accelerate the recovery of vegetation, which is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated system and method for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration. The system integrates a three-dimensional laser scanning module and a multi-band LED light source module, which can not only monitor soil erosion and vegetation coverage with high precision, but also switch different bands of LED lighting according to different stages of vegetation growth to assist in rapid vegetation recovery. The system supports automatic switching of working modes and wireless remote notification, realizes full process automation of monitoring, restoration and management, reduces the need for manual intervention, and provides an efficient and intelligent integrated solution for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration.

[0009] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: An integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration, comprising: 3D laser scanning module, multi-band LED light source module, spectrum sensing module, switching module, control module and data processing and fusion module; The three-dimensional laser scanning module is used to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of the ground surface, detect the height change of the surface soil layer, and analyze and monitor the soil and water loss situation; The multi-band LED light source module is used to integrate LED light sources of multiple different wavelengths and project specific wavelength light to the ground surface through the same optical path system; The spectral sensing module is used to receive the light reflection signals of different wavelengths emitted by the multi-band LED light source module, and identify the coverage and health status of the monitored surface vegetation through a spectral analysis algorithm; The data processing and fusion module is used to fuse the three-dimensional point cloud data of the ground surface obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanning module with the data on the coverage and health status of the ground vegetation obtained by the spectral sensing module, so as to calculate the amount of soil and water loss and the vegetation coverage rate; The switching module is used to switch between the three-dimensional laser scanning mode and the multi-band LED light source module, so that the system works alternately according to the set monitoring cycle; The control module is used to control the switching module to switch the working mode according to the set monitoring cycle, and judge the vegetation recovery situation according to the real-time monitoring data fed back by the data processing and fusion module. When it is detected that the vegetation coverage is good and the soil erosion situation is alleviated, it automatically generates a report and notifies the user that the monitoring task is completed.

[0010] Preferably, the switching module automatically switches the working modes of the three-dimensional laser scanning module and the multi-band LED light source module according to a set time interval or monitoring task, so as to achieve continuous monitoring and recovery assistance.

[0011] Preferably, the data processing and fusion module adopts an image recognition algorithm based on deep learning to fuse the three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanning module with the data on the coverage and health status of the surface vegetation obtained by the spectral sensing module.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a power management module for supplying power to the integrated system of soil erosion monitoring and vegetation restoration, supporting external power supply and solar power supply.

[0013] Preferably, the spectral sensing module calculates chlorophyll concentration and vegetation density by detecting vegetation characteristic information in surface reflected light, so as to assess the health status of vegetation.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a wireless communication module for uploading the monitoring data fed back by the control module to the cloud platform.

[0015] Preferably, the wireless communication module adopts Internet of Things technology and is connected to the cloud platform through a cellular network or a LoRa network to achieve remote data uploading and device status monitoring.

[0016] Preferably, the three-dimensional laser scanning module includes working modes of single-point scanning, continuous scanning and coverage scanning.

[0017] Preferably, the multi-band LED light source module includes red light, blue light, green light, far-red light and ultraviolet light.

[0018] A working approach for an integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing revegetation, including: In each working cycle, laser scanning is used to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of the ground surface, analyze changes in soil layer height, and monitor soil erosion. Subsequently, the system switches to LED light sources of different wavelengths to perform multi-spectral scanning of the ground surface. The laser scanning and spectral scanning results are then fused to obtain the vegetation coverage and health status. The healthy side data of vegetation coverage and health status are uploaded to the cloud platform in real time. When it is monitored that the vegetation coverage is good and the soil erosion situation is alleviated, the system will automatically generate a report and notify the user that the task is completed.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention proposes an integrated system for soil erosion monitoring and vegetation restoration based on three-dimensional laser scanning and spectral recognition. By integrating a three-dimensional laser scanning module, a multi-band LED light source module, and a spectral sensing module, the system realizes an intelligent and precise solution for soil erosion monitoring and vegetation restoration management during engineering construction. In the system, the three-dimensional laser scanning module is used to collect three-dimensional data of the surface, analyze soil height changes, and calculate the amount of soil erosion; the multi-band LED light source module provides lighting of different wavelengths according to the growth stage of vegetation to assist in the rapid recovery of vegetation; the spectral recognition module analyzes the reflected light from the surface to evaluate the coverage and health of vegetation. Through remote data transmission and intelligent analysis, the system can automatically notify the user when vegetation restoration is completed, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of soil and water conservation work.

[0020] The present invention also discloses a working method, which realizes the monitoring, analysis and management of surface soil erosion and vegetation restoration by combining three-dimensional laser scanning and multi-band LED spectrum irradiation. The core is to efficiently obtain surface information and provide targeted lighting support in each monitoring cycle by periodically switching the three-dimensional laser scanning and spectrum irradiation modes. Specifically, when the system is started, laser scanning is first performed to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface, and the height change of the soil layer is calculated by accurately measuring the surface height, thereby quantifying the situation of soil erosion. Next, the system automatically switches to the LED spectrum irradiation mode according to the set cycle, provides illumination of a specific band, and promotes the growth and restoration of vegetation at different stages. This process is continuously circulated to ensure accurate support at different stages of vegetation growth, and to achieve efficient soil and water conservation monitoring during the entire construction and vegetation restoration period. During the entire working process, the control and switching module dynamically manages the switching of laser scanning and LED illumination modes, and automatically adjusts the wavelength combination of the LED light source by judging the different stages of vegetation restoration through the built-in algorithm. Furthermore, the system's data will be uploaded to the cloud platform through the system's wireless communication module, and users can view the monitoring data and restoration progress in real time through mobile devices. When the system detects that the vegetation coverage has reached the set threshold and the soil erosion has been significantly alleviated, it will automatically generate a monitoring report and remotely notify the user that the monitoring and restoration tasks in the area have been completed.

[0021] Furthermore, the system integrates a power management module, using a combination of solar power supply and battery energy storage to ensure long-term stable operation in the wild environment. Through intelligent task scheduling, the system gives priority to using energy storage batteries during the working stage with high power consumption, and uses solar panels to power and charge the system when there is sufficient sunlight, thereby extending the working life and stability of the equipment.

[0022] In general, the present invention achieves accurate monitoring and management of surface changes and vegetation restoration during engineering construction by integrating 3D laser scanning, spectral analysis and multi-band light source auxiliary illumination. The system has the characteristics of high precision, multi-function, self-adaptation and low power consumption, which can effectively improve the efficiency of soil and water conservation work and provide an integrated solution for ecological restoration in different engineering scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the integrated system for soil erosion monitoring and vegetation restoration; Figure 2 The principle of soil and water loss monitoring using 3D laser scanning; Figure 3 It is the system workflow diagram; DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0024] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The present invention proposes an integrated system for soil erosion monitoring and vegetation restoration based on three-dimensional laser scanning and spectral recognition. By integrating a three-dimensional laser scanning module, a multi-band LED light source module, and a spectral sensing module, the system realizes an intelligent and precise solution for soil erosion monitoring and vegetation restoration management during engineering construction. In the system, laser scanning is used to collect three-dimensional data of the surface, analyze soil height changes, and calculate the amount of soil erosion; the multi-band LED light source module provides lighting of different wavelengths according to the growth stage of vegetation to assist in the rapid recovery of vegetation; the spectral recognition module analyzes the reflected light from the surface to evaluate the coverage and health of vegetation. Through remote data transmission and intelligent analysis, the system can automatically notify the user when vegetation restoration is completed, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of soil and water conservation work.

[0026] The system of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following main modules: 3D laser scanning module: obtain 3D point cloud data of the ground surface, detect the height changes of the surface soil layer, and analyze soil and water loss;.

[0027] Multi-band LED light source module: Integrates LED light sources of multiple different wavelengths and projects specific wavelengths of light onto the ground through the same optical path system to assist vegetation restoration at different stages.

[0028] Spectral sensing module: It is used to receive light reflection signals of different wavelengths and identify the coverage and health status of surface vegetation through spectral analysis algorithms; A switching module is used to switch between the laser scanning mode and the multi-band LED light source module, so that the system can work alternately according to the set cycle; Data processing and fusion module: Fusion analysis of the three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface and the spectral data to provide a comprehensive evaluation of soil erosion and vegetation restoration.

[0029] Control module: used to automatically switch working modes according to the set monitoring cycle, and determine when to enter different stages of vegetation restoration through algorithms.

[0030] Wireless communication module: upload monitoring data through Internet of Things technology, realize remote monitoring and control, and send monitoring results and early warning information.

[0031] Power management module: used to manage the system power supply, supporting external power supply and solar power supply; using solar power supply and battery energy storage to support long-term stable operation of the system in the field.

[0032] The three-dimensional laser scanning module can work in a variety of scanning modes, including single-point scanning, continuous scanning and coverage scanning modes, to adapt to different terrain environments; The multi-band LED light source module includes red light, blue light, green light, far red light and ultraviolet light LEDs, which are used to provide targeted lighting in different vegetation restoration stages to promote healthy growth and coverage of plants.

[0033] The spectral sensing module can detect vegetation characteristic information in surface reflected light, calculate chlorophyll concentration and vegetation density, and is used to accurately assess the health status of vegetation.

[0034] The switching module can automatically switch the working modes of laser scanning and LED light source according to the set time interval or monitoring task to achieve continuous monitoring and recovery assistance; The data processing and fusion module adopts an image recognition algorithm based on deep learning to fuse and analyze spectral data with laser point cloud data to improve the detection accuracy of vegetation cover and soil erosion.

[0035] The wireless communication module adopts Internet of Things technology and connects to the cloud platform through a cellular network or a LoRa network to achieve remote data upload and device status monitoring; The power management module integrates solar panels and energy storage batteries to achieve long-term outdoor autonomous operation of the equipment and reduce unnecessary energy consumption through dynamic scheduling when power is insufficient.

[0036] The control module determines the vegetation recovery status based on the real-time monitoring data. When it is detected that the vegetation coverage is good and the soil erosion situation is alleviated, it automatically generates a report and remotely notifies the user through the wireless communication module that the monitoring task is completed.

[0037] The system can form a monitoring network with multiple devices in other areas to conduct synchronous monitoring of large areas and multiple areas, and support centralized management and analysis of data; The specific working process is as follows: The system of the present invention realizes the monitoring, analysis and management of surface soil erosion and vegetation restoration by combining three-dimensional laser scanning and multi-band LED spectral irradiation. The core is to efficiently obtain surface information and provide targeted lighting support in each monitoring cycle by periodically switching the laser scanning and spectral irradiation modes. Specifically, when the system is started, laser scanning is first performed to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface. By accurately measuring the surface height, the height change of the soil layer is calculated to quantify the soil erosion situation. Next, the system automatically switches to the LED spectral irradiation mode according to the set cycle, providing illumination of a specific band to promote the growth and restoration of vegetation at different stages. This process is cyclically continuous, ensuring accurate support at different stages of vegetation growth, and achieving efficient soil and water conservation monitoring throughout the construction and vegetation restoration period.

[0038] During the laser scanning stage, the system uses the TOF (time of flight) measurement principle, that is, the laser emits a light pulse, and when the light pulse encounters the surface reflection and returns to the detector, the system will record the round-trip time of the light pulse. t Since the speed of light c is a known quantity, the distance from the ground to the laser d It can be calculated by the following formula:

[0039] in, θ is the correction angle, which is related to the position of the laser and the detector. When the laser position is fixed, the distance from the ground to the laser can represent the ground height. h ,like Figure 2 After scanning at multiple time points, the system generates continuous 3D point cloud data of the ground surface. P ( x , y , z , t), recording the height change of the ground surface. By comparing the point cloud data at different time points, the system can calculate the amount of soil erosion per unit area. t 1 and t 2 The surface heights at the time are h 1 ( x , y )and h 2 ( x , y ), then the amount of soil and water loss W It can be obtained by the following integral formula: ) Through continuous monitoring, the system can also calculate the time series rate of soil layer changes to predict future soil erosion trends and the slope of soil erosion Δ h It can be expressed as:

[0040] While acquiring three-dimensional information of the surface, the system will enter the next stage of LED spectrum irradiation mode to accelerate vegetation recovery and control soil erosion. By controlling LED light sources of different wavelengths (blue light, red light, far-red light, ultraviolet light) to irradiate surface vegetation, the system switches the appropriate spectrum according to the stage of vegetation growth. For example, blue light (wavelength range 450-495 nm) is used in the early stage to promote chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis, red light (wavelength range 620-700 nm) is used in the vegetation expansion stage to improve photosynthesis efficiency, far-red light (wavelength range 700-800 nm) is used in the middle and late stages to stimulate the extension of plant stems and leaves, and ultraviolet light (wavelength range 280-400 nm) is used when necessary to enhance plant resistance and disease resistance. After each LED irradiation cycle, the system switches to laser scanning mode again for the next round of surface monitoring.

[0041] At the same time, the spectral sensing module in the system captures the spectral information of the light reflected from the surface and calculates the vegetation index ( NDVI ). NDVI The calculation formula is as follows:

[0042] in, NIR is the reflectivity in the near-infrared band, RED is the reflectivity in the red light band. NDVI The value can reflect the growth and coverage of vegetation. NDVIWhen the value is higher than 0.5, it indicates that the vegetation cover is good; NDVI values ​​between 0.2 and 0.5 indicate that the vegetation recovery is in progress; and values ​​lower than 0.2 indicate that the vegetation is sparse or has no cover. The system continuously updates the data through multi-cycle monitoring. NDVI The index is then integrated with soil loss data for analysis to determine the progress of vegetation restoration and the mitigation of soil and water loss.

[0043] During the entire working process, the control and switching module will dynamically manage the switching between laser scanning and LED lighting modes, and automatically adjust the wavelength combination of the LED light source by judging the different stages of vegetation restoration through the built-in algorithm. The workflow is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. All data will be uploaded to the cloud platform through the system's wireless communication module, and users can view monitoring data and restoration progress in real time through mobile devices. When the system detects that the vegetation coverage has reached the set threshold and the soil erosion situation has been significantly alleviated, it will automatically generate a monitoring report and remotely notify the user that the monitoring and restoration tasks in the area have been completed. In addition, the system integrates a power management module and adopts a combination of solar power supply and battery energy storage to ensure long-term and stable operation in the field environment. Through intelligent task scheduling, the system gives priority to the use of energy storage batteries during the working stage with higher power consumption, and uses solar panels to power and charge the system when there is sufficient light to extend the working life and stability of the equipment.

[0044] In general, the present invention achieves accurate monitoring and management of surface changes and vegetation restoration during engineering construction by integrating 3D laser scanning, spectral analysis and multi-band light source auxiliary illumination. The system has the characteristics of high precision, multi-function, self-adaptation and low power consumption, which can effectively improve the efficiency of soil and water conservation work and provide an integrated solution for ecological restoration in different engineering scenarios.

[0045] The present invention relates to an intelligent environmental monitoring system integrating three-dimensional laser scanning and multi-band spectrum recognition, aiming to realize soil erosion monitoring and vegetation restoration management in engineering construction. The system includes a three-dimensional laser scanning module, a multi-band LED light source module, a spectrum sensing module, a switching module, a data processing and fusion module, a wireless communication module, a power management module and a control module. In each working cycle, the system first obtains three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface through laser scanning, analyzes the change of soil layer height, and monitors soil erosion; then switches to LED light sources of different wavelengths, performs multi-spectral scanning on the surface, and combines the spectrum sensing module and image recognition algorithm to obtain vegetation coverage and health status. The multi-band LED light source can adjust the illumination according to the different stages of vegetation restoration, assist plant growth, and accelerate vegetation restoration. The system supports multi-mode scanning (such as single-point, continuous, and coverage scanning) to adapt to complex terrain environments; uses a deep learning algorithm to fuse multi-source data to improve the accuracy of soil erosion and vegetation status monitoring; uploads monitoring data in real time through the Internet of Things module, and supports remote control and task management. When it is monitored that the vegetation coverage is good and the soil erosion situation is alleviated, the system will automatically generate a report and notify the user that the task is completed. In addition, the system integrates a solar power management module to ensure the long-term stable operation of the equipment in the field environment. Its intelligent switching and dynamic scheduling mechanism make soil erosion monitoring and vegetation restoration management more efficient. The present invention is suitable for various scenarios such as road construction, slope protection engineering, reservoir construction, etc. It has the characteristics of high precision, low energy consumption and remote monitoring, and can provide an integrated solution for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration.

[0046] Example 1 1. System structure and hardware integration This embodiment describes in detail the hardware structure integration and workflow of the system of the present invention, including the specific implementation methods of the three-dimensional laser scanning module, the multi-band LED light source module, the spectral sensing module, the control and switching module, the data processing and fusion module, the wireless communication module and the power management module.

[0047] The system structure is encapsulated by an integrated housing, including: 3D laser scanning module: It uses a high-frequency pulsed laser (such as 905 nm or 1550 nm band) and is installed on the top of the system. It is responsible for emitting laser beams and receiving reflected signals from the ground. The module is equipped with a high-precision optical rotation unit to scan a large area of ​​the ground and generate high-density 3D point cloud data.

[0048] Multi-band LED light source module: installed around the laser scanning module, integrating LED arrays of blue light, red light, far red light and ultraviolet light. The light source projects light evenly to the monitoring area through a wide-angle lens.

[0049] Spectral sensing module: Equipped with a CMOS spectral sensor, it is responsible for receiving light reflection signals from the ground surface. This module can analyze the multi-band reflection spectrum of the ground surface in real time to assess vegetation coverage and health status.

[0050] Control and switching module: Integrates a microcontroller (such as STM32 or ESP32 chip) to control the periodic switching of laser and LED light sources and manage task scheduling between different monitoring modes.

[0051] Wireless communication module: includes 4G / 5G, WiFi and LoRa communication interfaces, which are used to remotely upload data to the cloud platform or interact with the user's mobile device in real time.

[0052] Power management module: Powered by solar panels and equipped with a lithium battery energy storage unit to support continuous operation at night and on cloudy days.

[0053] 2. System software and data processing flow The software part of the present invention is mainly composed of an embedded control program and a cloud data analysis platform. The control program is responsible for the scheduling control of laser scanning and LED lighting, data fusion analysis and remote communication management. The following is the specific software workflow: System initialization and monitoring task setting: After the system is started, the control module will automatically load the preset monitoring tasks, including scanning cycle, spectral irradiation cycle and data acquisition frequency. Users can also connect to the system through mobile devices and upload customized monitoring task parameters.

[0054] Laser scanning and soil erosion calculation, in the first stage of each cycle, the laser starts the scanning unit to scan the surface area in full coverage. The system captures the point cloud data P ( x , y , z , t ) is stored in the internal memory and the surface height change is calculated in real time. The system calculates the amount of soil and water loss per unit area according to formula (2).

[0055] Spectral irradiation and vegetation status assessment, after the laser scanning is completed, the system switches to LED spectral irradiation mode. LED light sources of different bands are turned on in sequence to provide targeted lighting according to the vegetation recovery process. In the early stage, blue light is mainly used to promote chlorophyll synthesis; in the middle stage, red light and far-red light are used to promote the extension of plant stems and leaves; in the high-incidence stage of diseases, ultraviolet light is used to enhance plant resistance.

[0056] The system obtains light reflection data through the spectral sensor module and calculates the NDVI vegetation index. The NDVI value is used to determine the coverage and health of vegetation. According to the changing trend of the NDVI value, the system can also predict the progress of vegetation recovery and adjust the LED lighting strategy in real time.

[0057] Data upload and remote monitoring: After each cycle task is completed, the system will upload the laser scanning data and spectral analysis results to the cloud platform. Users can view the vegetation recovery and soil erosion conditions in the monitored area in real time through mobile phones or computers. The system provides an automatic report generation function. When the NDVI exceeds the set threshold and the soil erosion condition is alleviated, the system will automatically send a task completion notification.

[0058] 3. Application of the system in road slope management In practical applications, this system can be used for soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration on road slopes. The following are typical implementation steps of the system in road construction scenarios: Equipment deployment: Monitoring equipment is arranged at the top and middle of the slope at the construction site, and each device monitors a certain range of areas.

[0059] Initial monitoring: After the system is started, laser scanning is first performed to record the initial height data of the slope and calculate the soil and water loss in the initial stage of construction.

[0060] Spectral irradiation and assisted recovery: During construction breaks, the system activates blue and red LEDs to promote the germination and growth of sown grass seeds.

[0061] Continuous monitoring and adjustment: As construction progresses and vegetation is restored, the system continuously monitors the surface vegetation cover and adjusts the spectral illumination strategy based on the NDVI value.

[0062] Task completion notification: When the system detects that the slope vegetation coverage rate has reached the expected level and the soil erosion condition has been significantly alleviated, it will automatically generate a monitoring report and notify the construction management personnel via the mobile network.

[0063] Energy-saving management and automatic operation of the system In the wild environment, the stable operation of the system depends on efficient power management. The system is powered by a combination of solar panels and lithium batteries, and the control module automatically adjusts the working mode according to the energy status. When there is sufficient light, the solar panels provide power to the system and charge the battery; on cloudy days or at night, the system gives priority to using energy storage batteries for power supply. At the same time, the system uses a dynamic scheduling algorithm to reasonably allocate laser scanning and LED irradiation tasks to avoid unnecessary energy consumption. When the device is idle for a long time, the system will enter a low-power standby mode to extend battery life.

[0064] System data networking and large-scale monitoring In large-scale engineering projects, multiple devices can form a monitoring network to achieve wide-area coverage. Each device will regularly upload monitoring data to the cloud platform and synchronize analysis with the data of other devices. The system supports centralized management, and construction managers can view the soil and water conservation status of each area through the platform interface. The system can also perform trend analysis based on historical data to help users predict future vegetation restoration progress and make restoration suggestions when necessary.

[0065] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not any formal or substantial limitation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements and supplements without departing from the present invention, and these improvements and supplements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. Any technician familiar with this profession, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make some changes, modifications and equivalent changes made by using the technical content disclosed above, which are equivalent embodiments of the present invention; at the same time, any changes, modifications and evolutions of any equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration, characterized in that: include, 3D laser scanning module, multi-band LED light source module, spectral sensing module, switching module, control module and data processing and fusion module; The three-dimensional laser scanning module is used to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of the ground surface, detect the height change of the surface soil layer, and analyze and monitor the soil and water loss situation; The multi-band LED light source module is used to integrate LED light sources of multiple different wavelengths and project specific wavelength light to the ground surface through the same optical path system; The spectral sensing module is used to receive the light reflection signals of different wavelengths emitted by the multi-band LED light source module, and identify the coverage and health status of the monitored surface vegetation through a spectral analysis algorithm; The data processing and fusion module is used to fuse the three-dimensional point cloud data of the ground surface obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanning module with the data on the coverage and health status of the surface vegetation obtained by the spectral sensing module, so as to calculate the amount of soil and water loss and the vegetation coverage rate; The switching module is used to switch between the three-dimensional laser scanning mode and the multi-band LED light source module, so that the system works alternately according to the set monitoring cycle; The control module is used to control the switching module to switch the working mode according to the set monitoring cycle, and judge the vegetation recovery situation according to the real-time monitoring data fed back by the data processing and fusion module. When it is detected that the vegetation coverage is good and the soil and water loss situation is alleviated, it automatically generates a report and notifies the user that the monitoring task is completed.

2. An integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching module automatically switches the working modes of the three-dimensional laser scanning module and the multi-band LED light source module according to the set time interval or monitoring task, so as to realize continuous monitoring and recovery assistance.

3. The integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing and fusion module adopts an image recognition algorithm based on deep learning to fuse the three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanning module with the data on the coverage and health status of the surface vegetation obtained by the spectral sensing module.

4. The integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a power management module for supplying power to the integrated system of soil erosion monitoring and vegetation restoration, supporting external power supply and solar power supply.

5. The integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spectral sensing module detects vegetation characteristic information in the reflected light from the surface, calculates chlorophyll concentration and vegetation density, and is used to evaluate the health status of vegetation.

6. The integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a wireless communication module for uploading the monitoring data fed back by the control module to the cloud platform.

7. An integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wireless communication module adopts Internet of Things technology and is connected to the cloud platform through a cellular network or a LoRa network to achieve remote data uploading and device status monitoring.

8. The integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional laser scanning module includes working modes of single-point scanning, continuous scanning and coverage scanning.

9. The integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-band LED light source module includes red light, blue light, green light, far red light and ultraviolet light.

10. A method for operating an integrated system for monitoring soil erosion and managing vegetation restoration according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: In each working cycle, laser scanning is used to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of the ground surface, analyze changes in soil layer height, and monitor soil erosion. Subsequently, the system switches to LED light sources of different wavelengths to perform multi-spectral scanning of the ground surface. The laser scanning and spectral scanning results are then fused to obtain the vegetation coverage and health status. The healthy side data of vegetation coverage and health status are uploaded to the cloud platform in real time. When it is monitored that the vegetation coverage is good and the soil erosion situation is alleviated, the system will automatically generate a report and notify the user that the task is completed.

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