A multi-port high frequency ratio antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-port, high-frequency-ratio antenna, comprising a metal floor and a dielectric substrate. Metal patches are connected to the surface of the dielectric substrate. The metal patches include a first metal patch and a second metal patch. The first and second metal patches are both E-shaped patches, each having a first branch and a second branch located in the center of the E-shaped patch. The first branch is provided with a first Vivaldi antenna unit, the second branch is provided with a second Vivaldi antenna unit, and the antenna further includes a third Vivaldi antenna unit and a fourth Vivaldi antenna unit. By integrating a dipole antenna unit with four Vivaldi antenna units, the specific shape of the dipole antenna unit provides two different resonant paths, achieving dual-band operation in the microwave band. The four Vivaldi antennas operate in the millimeter-wave band. The antenna can operate simultaneously in the microwave and millimeter-wave bands, achieving a high frequency ratio and covering commonly used Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 5G communication bands.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication and to an antenna, in particular to a multi-port high frequency ratio antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, spectrum resources have become increasingly scarce and valuable. In recent years, millimeter-wave technology has been widely used in various fields, including in-vehicle communications, mobile communications, and the Internet of Things, due to its advantages such as wide bandwidth, large channel capacity, high data transmission rate, and short latency. However, millimeter-wave technology also suffers from the disadvantages of short transmission distance and high transmission loss. These shortcomings prevent millimeter-wave technology from replacing microwave technology, which remains indispensable.

[0003] With the increasing prevalence of smart devices, they require stable wireless communication for intelligent control and data transmission. A new trend is to achieve ultra-wideband or multi-frequency antennas in the microwave band to meet the multifunctional requirements of smart devices. For example, in the network environment of smart home devices, home Wi-Fi networks typically operate in the 2.4 GHz band, providing high-speed connections within the local area network. However, when smart home devices need to communicate with external electronic devices, especially in real-time control and data transmission scenarios, 5G bands (such as millimeter wave bands or sub-6 GHz bands) become the inevitable choice. This is because 5G communication technology not only offers higher data rates but also significantly reduces communication latency, thereby ensuring the real-time and reliability of smart home systems. Therefore, it is crucial to design multi-frequency antennas that can simultaneously cover both the home Wi-Fi band and the 5G band to meet the communication needs of smart devices. Currently, there are few reports on multi-frequency antennas that can operate in both the microwave band (home Wi-Fi band) and the millimeter wave band (5G band), and they cannot meet the requirements of a large frequency ratio.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a high frequency ratio antenna capable of dual-frequency operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the antenna in the existing technology cannot meet the requirements of working simultaneously in the microwave frequency band and the millimeter wave frequency band, and does not have the effect of a large frequency ratio, so a multi-port large frequency ratio antenna that can work simultaneously in the microwave frequency band and the millimeter wave frequency band is proposed.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] The present invention provides a multi-port high frequency ratio antenna, comprising:

[0008] Metal flooring;

[0009] a dielectric substrate spaced apart from the metal floor; a metal patch connected to a surface of the dielectric substrate away from the metal floor; a separation groove formed in the center of the metal patch, the separation groove separating the metal patch into a first metal patch and a second metal patch; the first metal patch and the second metal patch being both E-shaped metal patches; the first metal patch and the second metal patch being symmetrically disposed opposite each other; a first branch formed in the center of the first metal patch; a second branch formed in the center of the second metal patch; a first Vivaldi antenna unit being disposed on the first branch; a second Vivaldi antenna unit being disposed on the second branch; and a third Vivaldi antenna unit and a fourth Vivaldi antenna unit being disposed at either end of the separation groove, respectively.

[0010] A feeding unit is provided on a surface of the dielectric substrate close to the metal floor, and is used to feed power to the first Vivaldi antenna unit, the second Vivaldi antenna unit, the third Vivaldi antenna unit, and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit.

[0011] Preferably, the first Vivaldi antenna unit is a first conical slot opened on the first branch, and the second Vivaldi antenna unit is a second conical slot opened on the second branch; the third Vivaldi antenna unit is a first curved trapezoidal slot arranged at one end of the separating slot, and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit is a second curved trapezoidal slot arranged at the other end of the separating slot.

[0012] Preferably, the first metal patch includes a first metal patch body and a third branch and a fourth branch connected to the two ends of the first metal patch body, the first branch is arranged between the third branch and the fourth branch, and the first branch, the third branch and the fourth branch are arranged parallel to each other, the first conical groove includes a first circular groove portion opened in the first metal patch body, a first strip groove portion and a first expansion portion connected in sequence to the first circular groove portion; the second metal patch includes a second metal patch body and a fifth branch and a sixth branch connected to the two ends of the second metal patch body, the second branch is arranged between the fifth branch and the sixth branch, and the first branch, the third branch and the fourth branch are arranged parallel to each other, the first conical groove includes a second circular groove portion opened in the second metal patch body, a second strip groove portion and a second expansion portion connected in sequence to the second circular groove portion.

[0013] Preferably, a first extension portion and a second extension portion are respectively provided on opposite sides of the metal patch, the third Vivaldi antenna unit is provided on the first extension portion, the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit is provided on the second extension portion, the third Vivaldi antenna unit is connected to one end of the separation slot through a first connecting slot, and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit is connected to the other end of the separation slot through a second connecting slot.

[0014] Preferably, the feeding unit includes: a first microstrip feeder, a second microstrip feeder, a third microstrip feeder and a fourth microstrip feeder arranged at intervals, the first microstrip feeder is connected to the first Vivaldi antenna unit, the second microstrip feeder is connected to the second Vivaldi antenna unit, and the third microstrip feeder and the fourth microstrip feeder are both connected to the dividing slot.

[0015] Preferably, the first microstrip feeder includes a first microstrip transmission line, one end of the first microstrip transmission line is connected to the first port, the other end of the first microstrip transmission line is provided with a first sector-shaped stub, the first microstrip transmission line is arranged to cross the first Vivaldi antenna unit, and the first microstrip transmission line couples and feeds the first Vivaldi antenna unit; the second microstrip feeder includes a second microstrip transmission line, one end of the second microstrip transmission line is connected to the second port, the other end of the second microstrip transmission line is provided with a second sector-shaped stub, the second microstrip transmission line is arranged to cross the second Vivaldi antenna unit, and the second microstrip transmission line couples and feeds the second Vivaldi antenna unit. The Vivaldi antenna unit is coupled and fed; the third microstrip feed line includes a third microstrip transmission line, one end of the third microstrip transmission line is connected to the third port, the other end of the third microstrip transmission line is provided with a third sector-shaped stub, the third sector-shaped stub extends to the dividing slot, and the third microstrip transmission line is coupled and fed to the third Vivaldi antenna unit; the fourth microstrip feed line includes a fourth microstrip transmission line, one end of the fourth microstrip transmission line is connected to the fourth port, the other end of the fourth microstrip transmission line is provided with a fourth sector-shaped stub, the fourth sector-shaped stub extends to the dividing slot, and the third microstrip transmission line is coupled and fed to the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit.

[0016] Preferably, a coaxial feeding mechanism is further included, wherein a connector is connected to the dividing slot, one end of the coaxial feeding mechanism is connected to the fifth port, and the other end passes through the metal floor and is connected to the connector; wherein the outer conductor of the coaxial feeding mechanism is connected to the second metal patch through the connector, and the inner conductor of the coaxial feeding mechanism is connected to the first metal patch.

[0017] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the dielectric substrate is a rectangle with a length of 0.55λ1-0.6λ1 and a width of 0.33λ1-0.36λ1; the lengths of the third branch, the fourth branch, the fifth branch and the sixth branch are all 0.096λ1-0.12λ1 and the widths are all 0.03λ1-0.05λ1; the lengths of the first metal patch body and the second metal patch body are both 0.33λ1-0.36λ1 and the widths are both 0.096λ1-0.12λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength of the antenna at 2.4GHz.

[0018] Preferably, the lengths of the first branch and the second branch are both 0.26λ1-0.29λ1, and the widths are both 0.08λ1-0.12λ1; the diameters of the first circular groove portion and the second circular groove portion are 0.13λ2-0.32λ2; the lengths of the first strip groove portion and the second strip groove portion are 0.13λ2-0.32λ2, and the widths are both 0.037λ2-0.13λ2; the end of the first expansion portion away from the first circular groove portion has a first open end, and the length of the first open end is 0.6λ2-1.12λ2; the end of the second expansion portion away from the second circular groove portion has a second open end, and the length of the second open end is 0.6λ2-1.12λ2, wherein λ2 is the wavelength of the antenna at 28GHz.

[0019] Preferably, the first extension portion and the second extension portion are both rectangular structures, the length of the first extension portion and the second extension portion is 0.6λ2-1.12λ2, and the width is 0.37λ2-0.47λ2; the width of the separation groove is 0.016λ1-0.024λ1; the length of the metal floor is 0.72λ1-0.88λ1, the width is 0.56λ1-0.72λ1, and the thickness is 0.008λ1-0.032λ1; wherein λ1 is the wavelength of the antenna at 2.4 GHz, and λ2 is the wavelength of the antenna at 28 GHz.

[0020] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0021] The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by the present invention includes a metal floor and a dielectric substrate spaced apart from the metal floor. A metal patch is connected to the surface of the dielectric substrate. The metal patch is separated into a first metal patch and a second metal patch by a separation groove. The first metal patch and the second metal patch are both E-shaped patches and respectively have a first branch and a second branch located in the center of the E-shaped patch. The first branch is provided with a first Vivaldi antenna unit, and the second branch is provided with a second Vivaldi antenna unit. A third Vivaldi antenna unit and a fourth Vivaldi antenna unit are also provided at both ends of the separation groove, respectively. The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by the present invention includes a metal floor and a dielectric substrate spaced apart from the metal floor. The dielectric substrate includes a metal patch connected to the surface of the dielectric substrate. The metal patch is separated into a first metal patch and a second metal patch by a separation groove. The first metal patch and the second metal patch are both E-shaped patches and respectively have a first branch and a second branch located in the center of the E-shaped patch. The first branch is provided with a first Vivaldi antenna unit, and the second branch is provided with a second Vivaldi antenna unit. The dielectric substrate also includes a feeding unit. The E-shaped first metal patch and the second metal patch form a dipole antenna unit. By integrating the dipole antenna unit with four Vivaldi antenna units, the specific shape of the dipole antenna unit gives it two different resonant paths, realizing dual-band operation in the microwave frequency band. The feeding unit couples and feeds the four Vivaldi antennas, allowing the four Vivaldi antennas to operate in the millimeter wave frequency band. Therefore, the antenna can operate in the microwave frequency band and the millimeter wave frequency band at the same time, achieving a large frequency ratio and covering the commonly used WIFI, Bluetooth and 5G communication frequency bands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein

[0023] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a top view of a multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the metal patch and the feeding unit in the multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is an S-parameter curve diagram of a multi-port high frequency ratio antenna at low frequency provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 is a return loss curve diagram of a multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention at high frequencies;

[0029] Figure 7 is a port isolation curve diagram of a multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention at high frequencies;

[0030] Figure 8This is the radiation pattern of the multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention at 2.4 GHz;

[0031] Figure 9 This is the radiation pattern of the multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention at 3.5 GHz;

[0032] Figure 10 This is the radiation pattern of the multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention at 28 GHz;

[0033] Figure 11 4 is a gain curve diagram of a multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1-metal floor; 2-dielectric substrate; 3-metal patch; 31-first metal patch; 311-first branch; 312-first metal patch body; 313-third branch; 314-fourth branch; 32-second metal patch; 321-second branch; 322-second metal patch body; 323-fifth branch; 324-sixth branch; 4-separation groove; 5-first Vivaldi antenna unit; 51-first circular groove portion; 52-first strip groove portion; 53-first expansion portion; 6-second Vivaldi antenna unit; 61-second circular groove portion; 62-second strip groove portion; 63-second expansion portion 1-third Vivaldi antenna unit; 1-fourth Vivaldi antenna unit; 1-first extension portion; 1-second extension portion; 1-first connecting slot; 1-second connecting slot; 1-first microstrip feeder; 1-first microstrip transmission line; 1-first sector-shaped stub; 1-second microstrip feeder; 1-second microstrip transmission line; 1-second sector-shaped stub; 1-third microstrip feeder; 1-third microstrip transmission line; 1-fourth sector-shaped stub; 1-coaxial feeding mechanism; 1-connector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper" and "lower" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the products of the present invention are conventionally placed when in use, or are the orientations or positional relationships conventionally understood by those skilled in the art. These are merely for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0037] In the present invention, “first”, “second”, etc. are only used to distinguish in description and have no special meaning.

[0038] It should also be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "installed" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] Example

[0040] This embodiment provides a multi-port high frequency ratio antenna. Figure 1-Figure 4 The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna includes: a metal floor 1, a dielectric substrate 2 spaced apart from the metal floor 1, a metal patch 3 connected to the surface of the dielectric substrate 2 away from the metal floor 1, a separation groove 4 is provided in the center of the metal patch 3, and the separation groove 4 separates the metal patch 3 into a first metal patch 31 and a second metal patch 32. The first metal patch 31 and the second metal patch 32 are both E-shaped metal patches. The first metal patch 31 and the second metal patch 32 are symmetrically arranged opposite to each other, that is, the opening directions of the two E-shaped metal patches are opposite. In order to realize the above-mentioned E-shaped metal patch structure, the first metal patch 31 has a first branch 311 in the center, and the second metal patch 32 has a second branch 321 in the center. The first branch 311 is provided with a first Vivaldi antenna unit 5, and the second branch 321 is provided with a second Vivaldi antenna unit 6. Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, the length directions of the first and second Vivaldi antenna units 5, 6 are perpendicular to the length direction of the dividing slot 4. A third and fourth Vivaldi antenna units 7, 8 are also provided at the leading and trailing ends of the dividing slot 4, respectively. That is, the line connecting the first and second Vivaldi antenna units 5, 6 is perpendicular to the line connecting the third and fourth Vivaldi antenna units 7, 8. The multi-port, high frequency ratio antenna provided in this embodiment further includes a feeding unit, which is disposed on a surface of the dielectric substrate 2 on a side close to the metal floor 1. The feeding unit is used to feed power to the first, second, third, and fourth Vivaldi antenna units 5, 6, 7, and 8.

[0041] The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided in this embodiment separates the metal patch 3 into a first metal patch 31 and a second metal patch 32 by a separation slot 4, and the first metal patch 31 and the second metal patch 32 both have an E-shaped structure, thereby forming a dipole antenna unit operating in the microwave frequency band, and by adopting a specific E-shaped structure, the dipole antenna unit obtains two different resonant paths. Specifically, in the E-shaped structure of the first metal patch 31 and the second metal patch 32, the first branch 311 and the second branch 321 are relatively long, approximately one-quarter wavelength at 2.4 GHz, and the branches at the upper and lower ends of the first branch 311 and the second branch 321 are relatively short, approximately one-quarter wavelength at 3.5 GHz, thereby forming two resonant paths and realizing dual-band operation in the microwave frequency band. Effect; At the same time, a first Vivaldi antenna unit 5 is arranged on the first branch 311 of the first metal patch 31, a second Vivaldi antenna unit 6 is arranged on the second branch 321 of the second metal patch 32, and a third Vivaldi antenna unit 7 and a fourth Vivaldi antenna unit 8 are arranged at both ends of the separating slot 4. The four Vivaldi antenna units all operate in the millimeter wave frequency band, so that the antenna can operate in the microwave frequency band and the millimeter wave frequency band at the same time, achieving the effect of a large frequency ratio. By arranging the first Vivaldi antenna unit 5 and the second Vivaldi antenna unit 6 on the first branch 311 and the second branch 321 respectively, and arranging the third Vivaldi antenna unit 7 and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit 8 at both ends of the separating slot 4, the shortcomings of traditional large frequency ratio antennas that are difficult to integrate and have large size are effectively solved. The feeding unit feeds power to the first Vivaldi antenna unit 5, the second Vivaldi antenna unit 6, the third Vivaldi antenna unit 7 and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit 8 through multiple ports, thereby achieving a multi-port effect. The antenna can operate in microwave frequency bands: the commonly used WIFI frequency band (2.4GHz), the 5G communication frequency band (3.5GHz) and the millimeter wave frequency band (28GHz). It has good working performance in both the sub-6GHz frequency band and the millimeter wave frequency band, and is of great value for applications such as smart homes and smart office systems equipped with 5G communications, and can ensure efficient communication of smart device systems.

[0042] See also Figure 2The first and second Vivaldi antenna elements 5 and 6 have the same structure and dimensions, and the third and fourth Vivaldi antenna elements 7 and 8 have the same structure and dimensions, thereby achieving uniform and stable signal radiation. Specifically, the first Vivaldi antenna element 5 is a first conical slot located in the first branch 311, the second Vivaldi antenna element 6 is a second conical slot located in the second branch 321, the third Vivaldi antenna element 7 is a first curved trapezoidal slot located at the top of the dividing slot 4, and the fourth Vivaldi antenna element 8 is a second curved trapezoidal slot located at the bottom of the dividing slot 4. The dividing slot 4 is located in the center of the metal patch 3 and extends from one end of the metal patch 3 to the other. A first extension 9 and a second extension 10 are provided on the outer sides of the dividing slot 4 at the beginning and end, and on opposite sides of the metal patch 3, respectively. The third Vivaldi antenna element 7 is disposed on the first extension portion 9, i.e., the third Vivaldi antenna element 7 is a first curved-edge trapezoidal slot defined in the first extension portion 9; the fourth Vivaldi antenna element 8 is a second curved-edge trapezoidal slot defined in the second extension portion 10. The third Vivaldi antenna element 7 is connected to the top of the separation slot 4 via a first connecting slot 11, and the fourth Vivaldi antenna element 8 is connected to the bottom of the separation slot 4 via a second connecting slot 12.

[0043] The specific structure of the first metal patch 31 and the second metal patch 32 is as follows: the first metal patch 31 includes a first metal patch body 312 and a third branch 313 and a fourth branch 314 connected to the upper and lower ends of the first metal patch body 312. The first branch 311 is arranged between the third branch 313 and the fourth branch 314, and is located in the center of the first metal patch body 312, thereby forming an E-shaped structure. The cross-sectional figures of the first branch 311, the third branch 313, and the fourth branch 314 are all rectangular, and the length and width of the first branch 311 are greater than the length and width of the third branch 313 and the fourth branch 314, and the length and width of the third branch 313 and the fourth branch 314 are the same. The second metal patch 32 includes a second metal patch body 322 and a fifth branch 323 and a sixth branch 324 connected to the upper and lower ends of the second metal patch body 322. The second branch 321 is arranged between the fifth branch 323 and the sixth branch 324, and the second branch 321 is located in the center of the second metal patch body 322, forming an E-shaped structure. The cross-sections of the second branch 321, the fifth branch 323, and the sixth branch 324 are all rectangular. The length and width of the second branch 321 are greater than the length and width of the fifth branch 323 and the sixth branch 324. The length and width of the fifth branch 323 and the sixth branch 324 are the same.

[0044] The dielectric substrate 2 is a rectangular plate with a dielectric constant of 2.2, a length of 0.55λ1-0.6λ1, and a width of 0.33λ1-0.36λ1. In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 2 preferably has a length of 0.58λ1, a width of 0.35λ1, and a standard thickness of 0.508 mm. In this embodiment, λ1 is the wavelength of the antenna at 2.4 GHz. The metal floor 1 is also a rectangular plate with a length of 0.72λ1-0.88λ1, preferably 0.8λ1 in this embodiment, a width of 0.56λ1-0.72λ1, preferably 0.62λ1 in this embodiment, and a thickness of 0.008λ1-0.032λ1, preferably 0.015λ1 in this embodiment.

[0045] The length of the first and second metal patch bodies 312, 322 is the same as the width of the dielectric substrate 2, that is, the first and second metal patch bodies 312, 322 extend along the width of the dielectric substrate 2. In this embodiment, the length of the first and second metal patch bodies 312, 322 is 0.33λ1-0.36λ1, preferably 0.35λ1 in this embodiment, and the width of the first and second metal patch bodies 312, 322 is 0.096λ1-0.12λ1, preferably 0.10λ1 in this embodiment. The length and width of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth branches 313, 314, 323, and 324 are the same, with a length of 0.096λ1-0.12λ1, preferably 0.105λ1 in this embodiment, and a width of 0.03λ1-0.05λ1, preferably 0.04λ1 in this embodiment. Among them, the width dimensions of the first metal patch body 312 and the second metal patch body 322, and the length dimensions of the third branch 313, the fourth branch 314, the fifth branch 323, and the sixth branch 324 have a great influence on the impedance matching and operating frequency of the antenna. When the above parameters change, the resonant path will change, thereby affecting the resonant frequency and impedance matching of the antenna in the microwave frequency band. By adopting the above parameter values, the E-shaped dipole antenna unit can operate in both the 2.4GHz and 3.5GHz frequency bands.

[0046] Furthermore, the lengths of the first and second branches 311, 321 are both 0.26λ1-0.29λ1, preferably 0.275λ1 in this embodiment. The widths of the first and second branches 311, 321 are both 0.08λ1-0.12λ1, preferably 0.1λ1 in this embodiment. The cross-sections of the first and second extensions 9, 10 are also rectangular. The lengths of the first and second extensions 9, 10 are both 0.6λ2-1.12λ2, preferably 0.8λ2 in this embodiment, and the widths of the first and second extensions 9, 10 are both 0.37λ2-0.47λ2, preferably 0.42λ2 in this embodiment. The third Vivaldi antenna element 7 extends from the separation slot 4 to the edge of the first extension 9, with its end length being the same as that of the first extension 9. Correspondingly, the end length of the fourth Vivaldi antenna element 8 is the same as that of the second extension 10. In this embodiment, λ2 is the wavelength of the antenna at 28 GHz.

[0047] Furthermore, the width of the separation groove 4 is 0.016λ1-0.024λ1, preferably 0.02λ1 in this embodiment. The width of the first connecting groove 11 and the second connecting groove 12 are both 0.018λ2-0.075λ2, preferably 0.035λ2 in this embodiment.

[0048] See also Figure 2The first Vivaldi antenna unit 5 and the second Vivaldi antenna unit 6 are respectively the first conical groove and the second conical groove opened on the first branch 311 and the second branch 321. Specifically, the first Vivaldi antenna unit 5 includes a first circular groove portion 51 opened on the first branch 311 and a first strip groove portion 52 and a first expansion portion 53 sequentially connected to the first circular groove portion 51. As shown in the figure, the first circular groove portion 51, the first strip groove portion 52, and the first expansion portion 53 are sequentially arranged in a direction away from the first metal patch body 312. The first expansion portion 53 forms a first open end at the edge of the first branch 311. The length of the first open end is 0.6λ2-1.12λ2, and preferably 0.82λ2 in this embodiment. Correspondingly, the second Vivaldi antenna element 6 includes a second circular groove 61 formed in the second branch 321, a second strip groove 62, and a second expansion portion 63 sequentially connected to the second circular groove 61. The second circular groove 61, the second strip groove 62, and the second expansion portion 63 are arranged sequentially in a direction away from the second metal patch body 322. The second expansion portion 63 forms a second open end at the edge of the second branch 321. The length of the second open end is 0.6λ2-1.12λ2, preferably 0.82λ2 in this embodiment. The diameters of the first circular groove 51 and the second circular groove 61 are both 0.13λ2-0.32λ2, preferably 0.18λ2 in this embodiment. The lengths of the first strip groove portion 52 and the second strip groove portion 62 are both 0.13λ2-0.32λ2, preferably 0.28λ2 in this embodiment. The widths of the first strip groove portion 52 and the second strip groove portion 62 are both 0.037λ2-0.13λ2, preferably 0.08λ2 in this embodiment.

[0049] To feed the first Vivaldi antenna unit 5, the second Vivaldi antenna unit 6, the third Vivaldi antenna unit 7, and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit 8, as shown in FIG. Figure 4As shown, the feeding unit includes a first microstrip feed line 13, a second microstrip feed line 14, a third microstrip feed line 15, and a fourth microstrip feed line 16, which are arranged at intervals. The first microstrip feed line 13 couples and feeds the first Vivaldi antenna element 5, the second microstrip feed line 14 couples and feeds the second Vivaldi antenna element 6, the third microstrip feed line 15 couples and feeds the third Vivaldi antenna element 7, and the fourth microstrip feed line 16 couples and feeds the fourth Vivaldi antenna element 8. Specifically, the first microstrip feed line 13 includes a first microstrip transmission line 131, one end of which is connected to the first port, and the other end of the first microstrip transmission line 131 is provided with a first sector-shaped stub 132. The projection of the first microstrip transmission line 131 on the dielectric substrate 2 is arranged to intersect with the projection of the first strip-shaped slot portion 52 in the first Vivaldi antenna element 5 on the dielectric substrate 2, so that the first microstrip feed line 13 can couple and feed the first Vivaldi antenna element 5. The second microstrip feed line 14 includes a second microstrip transmission line 141, one end of which is connected to the second port, and a second sector-shaped stub 142 is provided at the other end of the second microstrip transmission line 141. The projection of the second microstrip transmission line 141 on the dielectric substrate 2 intersects the projection of the second strip groove 62 in the second Vivaldi antenna element 6 on the dielectric substrate 2, thereby enabling the second microstrip feed line 14 to couple and feed power to the second Vivaldi antenna element 6. The third microstrip feed line 15 includes a third microstrip transmission line 151, one end of which is connected to the third port, and a third sector-shaped stub 152 is provided at the other end of the third microstrip transmission line 151. The third sector-shaped stub 152 extends to the dividing groove 4 and is disposed near the third Vivaldi antenna element 7, thereby enabling the third microstrip feed line 15 to couple and feed power to the third Vivaldi antenna element 7. The fourth microstrip feeder 16 includes a fourth microstrip transmission line 161, one end of which is connected to the fourth port. The other end of the fourth microstrip transmission line 161 is provided with a fourth sector-shaped stub 162. The fourth sector-shaped stub 162 extends to the dividing slot 4 and is provided near the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit 8, so that the third microstrip feeder 15 can couple and feed power to the third Vivaldi antenna unit 7. The third sector-shaped stub 152 and the fourth sector-shaped stub 162 have the same size, the first sector-shaped stub 132 and the second sector-shaped stub 142 have the same size, and the sizes of the third sector-shaped stub 152 and the fourth sector-shaped stub 162 are larger than the sizes of the first sector-shaped stub 132 and the second sector-shaped stub 142. Furthermore, each of the above-mentioned microstrip feeders is connected to an RF connector through each port.

[0050] In order to feed the dipole antenna unit formed by the first metal patch 31 and the second metal patch 32, the multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided in this embodiment also includes a coaxial feeding mechanism 17. To achieve the feeding connection with the dipole antenna unit, a connector 18 is also connected to the central position of the dividing slot 4. One end of the coaxial feeding mechanism 17 is connected to the fifth port, and the other end passes through the metal floor 1 and is connected to the connector 18. The inner conductor of the coaxial feeding mechanism 17 is connected to the first metal patch 31, and the outer conductor is connected to the second metal patch 32 through the connector 18. Specifically, the connector 18 and the second metal patch 32 are connected through a metallized via, and then the outer conductor of the coaxial feeding mechanism 17 is connected to the second metal patch 32 through the metallized via provided in the connector 18. The connector 18 is a square structure, and its length and width are both 0.04λ1-0.06λ1, preferably 0.05λ1 in this embodiment. The connector 18 is provided with multiple circular metallized vias near both ends of the third Vivaldi antenna unit 7 and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit 8, which serve to isolate the electromagnetic wave interference between the third Vivaldi antenna unit 7 and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit 8, thereby improving the isolation between the third Vivaldi antenna unit 7 and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit 8.

[0051] The operating principle of the multi-port, high-frequency-ratio antenna provided in this embodiment is as follows: the first microstrip feed line 13 and the second microstrip feed line 14 feed energy into the first strip slot 52 and the second strip slot 62, respectively. The energy diffuses through the first strip slot 52 and the second strip slot 62 to the first expansion portion 53 and the second expansion portion 63, where it is released and radiated outward. When energy is fed into the first strip slot 52 and the second strip slot 62 through the first microstrip feed line 13 and the second microstrip feed line 14, respectively, a portion of the energy propagates along the main radiation direction (toward the first expansion portion 53 and the second expansion portion 63), while the remaining portion is transmitted in the opposite direction to the first circular slot 51 and the second circular slot 61. The first circular slot 51 and the second circular slot 61 reflect the reversely propagating energy back into the main radiation direction, thereby enhancing the antenna's radiation effect. The third microstrip feed line 15 and the fourth microstrip feed line 16 feed energy into the third Vivaldi antenna unit 7 and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit 8 through the separation slots, respectively, and are radiated in phase by the third Vivaldi antenna unit 7 and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit 8 .

[0052] The fan-shaped stub structures provided at the ends of the first microstrip feed line 13, the second microstrip feed line 14, the third microstrip feed line 15, and the fourth microstrip feed line 16 respectively maintain a short circuit at the ends of the first Vivaldi antenna unit 5, the second Vivaldi antenna unit 6, the third Vivaldi antenna unit 7, and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit 8 within a wide frequency band, making the antenna impedance close to the feed impedance. The first circular groove portion 51 and the second circular groove portion 61 form a circular resonant cavity, which effectively avoids impedance mismatch when the frequency increases, thereby improving broadband performance. In addition, maintaining a short circuit at the end of the Vivaldi antenna unit helps reduce energy reflection. The circular resonant cavity structure can transfer most of the energy to the open end, maximizing energy radiation, reducing reflection and the formation of standing waves, and enhancing radiation efficiency.

[0053] Experimental example

[0054] 1. Test the S parameter curve of the multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided in the embodiment in the microwave frequency band. The test results are as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0055] As can be seen from the figure, in the microwave band, the multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided by the embodiment has a -10dB operating bandwidth of 2.01-2.51 GHz and 3.24-3.72 GHz, with relative bandwidths of 20.8% and 13.7%, respectively, achieving dual-band operation in the microwave band. The isolation between the fifth port and the first and second ports is excellent, exceeding 20.4dB within the operating bandwidth. The isolation between the fifth port and the third and fourth ports is also greater than 11.3dB within the band.

[0056] 2. Test the return loss curve of the multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided in the embodiment in the millimeter wave frequency band. The test results are as follows: Figure 6 shown.

[0057] As can be seen from the figure, the -10dB operating bandwidth of the first port is 24.97-32 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 25.0%. The operating bandwidth of the second port is 24.99-32 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 25.0%. The third and fourth ports can both operate in the 24-32 GHz band, with a relative bandwidth of 28.5%.

[0058] 3. Test the port isolation curve of the multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided in the embodiment in the millimeter wave frequency band. The test results are as follows: Figure 7 shown.

[0059] As can be seen from the figure, the isolation between all high-frequency ports is very ideal, generally exceeding 25 dB within the operating bandwidth. The isolation between the third and fourth ports and the low-frequency fifth port is poor, exceeding 12.9 dB. However, the isolation between the first and second ports and the fifth port is excellent, exceeding 27 dB.

[0060] 4. Test the radiation pattern of the multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided in the embodiment. The test results are as follows: Figures 8-10 shown.

[0061] Figure 8 The radiation pattern of the antenna at 2.4 GHz is shown. Due to the presence of the metal floor 1 , the directivity of the antenna is improved.

[0062] Figure 9 The radiation pattern of the antenna at 3.5 GHz is shown. Figure 8 similar.

[0063] Figure 10 The antenna's radiation pattern at 28 GHz is shown. The figure shows that the antenna exhibits an end-fire pattern at 28 GHz, a classic Vivaldi antenna pattern. When excited by the third and fourth ports, the yoz (YO2) plane patterns show that the main polarization along the horizontal plane is more than 15 dB stronger than the cross-polarization for both. Due to structural limitations of the third and fourth Vivaldi antenna elements 7 and 8, the antenna's maximum radiation direction is offset, and the first sidelobe is large.

[0064] 5. Test the gain curves of the multi-port high frequency ratio antenna provided in the embodiment in the microwave band and the millimeter wave band. The test results are as follows: Figure 11 shown.

[0065] As can be seen from the figure, in the microwave band, when the antenna is excited by the fifth port, the maximum gain of the antenna along the θ = 0° direction in the 2.4 GHz band is 7.66 dBi, and the maximum gain along the θ = 0° direction in the 3.5 GHz band is 9.41 dBi. In the millimeter wave band, when excited by the first port, the maximum gain of the antenna array along the φ = 0° direction is 12.64 dBi, when excited by the second port, the maximum gain along the φ = 180° direction is 12.43 dBi, when excited by the third port, the maximum gain along the φ = 90° direction is 7.50 dBi, and when excited by the fourth port, the maximum gain along the φ = -90° direction is 8.46 dBi. These results demonstrate that the antenna of the present invention is capable of operating in the corresponding 5G commercial frequency bands and WiFi bands in the microwave and millimeter wave bands, respectively.

[0066] In summary, the present application provides a high-frequency-ratio antenna based on the integration of a dipole and a Vivaldi antenna, which achieves the effect of three-band operation, overcomes the shortcomings of traditional antennas such as small frequency ratio, difficulty in integration, and large footprint, and can be widely used in fields such as smart homes and smart office equipment.

[0067] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-port high frequency ratio antenna, characterized in that: include: Metal flooring; A dielectric substrate is spaced apart from the metal floor. A metal patch is connected to a surface of the dielectric substrate away from the metal floor. A separation groove is defined in the center of the metal patch, separating the metal patch into a first metal patch and a second metal patch. The first metal patch and the second metal patch are both E-shaped metal patches. The first metal patch and the second metal patch are symmetrically disposed opposite each other. The first metal patch has a first branch in the center, and the second metal patch has a second branch in the center. A first Vivaldi antenna unit is disposed on the first branch, and a second Vivaldi antenna unit is disposed on the second branch. A third Vivaldi antenna unit and a fourth Vivaldi antenna unit are disposed at either end of the separation groove, respectively. The first Vivaldi antenna unit is a first conical groove defined in the first branch, and the second Vivaldi antenna unit is a second conical groove defined in the second branch. The third Vivaldi antenna unit is a first curved trapezoidal groove defined at one end of the separation groove, and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit is a second curved trapezoidal groove defined at the other end of the separation groove. A feeding unit is provided on a surface of the dielectric substrate close to the metal floor, and is used to feed power to the first Vivaldi antenna unit, the second Vivaldi antenna unit, the third Vivaldi antenna unit, and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit.

2. The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal patch includes a first metal patch body and a third branch and a fourth branch connected to the two ends of the first metal patch body, the first branch is arranged between the third branch and the fourth branch, and the first branch, the third branch, and the fourth branch are arranged parallel to each other, the first conical groove includes a first circular groove portion opened in the first metal patch body, a first strip groove portion and a first expansion portion connected in sequence to the first circular groove portion; the second metal patch includes a second metal patch body and a fifth branch and a sixth branch connected to the two ends of the second metal patch body, the second branch is arranged between the fifth branch and the sixth branch, and the first branch, the third branch, and the fourth branch are arranged parallel to each other, the first conical groove includes a second circular groove portion opened in the second metal patch body, a second strip groove portion and a second expansion portion connected in sequence to the second circular groove portion.

3. The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A first extension portion and a second extension portion are respectively provided on opposite sides of the metal patch, the third Vivaldi antenna unit is provided on the first extension portion, and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit is provided on the second extension portion. The third Vivaldi antenna unit is connected to one end of the separation slot through a first connecting slot, and the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit is connected to the other end of the separation slot through a second connecting slot.

4. The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The feeding unit includes: a first microstrip feed line, a second microstrip feed line, a third microstrip feed line and a fourth microstrip feed line arranged at intervals, the first microstrip feed line is connected to the first Vivaldi antenna unit, the second microstrip feed line is connected to the second Vivaldi antenna unit, and the third microstrip feed line and the fourth microstrip feed line are both connected to the dividing slot.

5. The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first microstrip feeder includes a first microstrip transmission line, one end of the first microstrip transmission line is connected to the first port, the other end of the first microstrip transmission line is provided with a first sector stub, the first microstrip transmission line is arranged to cross the first Vivaldi antenna unit, and the first microstrip transmission line couples and feeds the first Vivaldi antenna unit; the second microstrip feeder includes a second microstrip transmission line, one end of the second microstrip transmission line is connected to the second port, the other end of the second microstrip transmission line is provided with a second sector stub, the second microstrip transmission line is arranged to cross the second Vivaldi antenna unit, and the second microstrip transmission line couples and feeds the second Vivaldi antenna unit. The antenna unit is coupled and fed; the third microstrip feed line includes a third microstrip transmission line, one end of the third microstrip transmission line is connected to the third port, and the other end of the third microstrip transmission line is provided with a third sector-shaped stub, the third sector-shaped stub extends to the dividing slot, and the third microstrip transmission line is coupled and fed to the third Vivaldi antenna unit; the fourth microstrip feed line includes a fourth microstrip transmission line, one end of the fourth microstrip transmission line is connected to the fourth port, the other end of the fourth microstrip transmission line is provided with a fourth sector-shaped stub, the fourth sector-shaped stub extends to the dividing slot, and the third microstrip transmission line is coupled and fed to the fourth Vivaldi antenna unit.

6. The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a coaxial feeding mechanism, wherein a connector is connected to the dividing slot, one end of the coaxial feeding mechanism is connected to the fifth port, and the other end passes through the metal floor and is connected to the connector; wherein the outer conductor of the coaxial feeding mechanism is connected to the second metal patch through the connector, and the inner conductor of the coaxial feeding mechanism is connected to the first metal patch.

7. The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the dielectric substrate is rectangular, with a length of 0.55λ1-0.6λ1 and a width of 0.33λ1-0.36λ1; the lengths of the third branch, the fourth branch, the fifth branch and the sixth branch are all 0.096λ1-0.12λ1, and the widths are all 0.03λ1-0.05λ1; the lengths of the first metal patch body and the second metal patch body are both 0.33λ1-0.36λ1, and the widths are both 0.096λ1-0.12λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength of the antenna at 2.4 GHz.

8. The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lengths of the first branch and the second branch are both 0.26λ1-0.29λ1, and the widths are both 0.08λ1-0.12λ1; the diameters of the first circular groove portion and the second circular groove portion are 0.13λ2-0.32λ2; the lengths of the first strip groove portion and the second strip groove portion are 0.13λ2-0.32λ2, and the widths are both 0.037λ2-0.13λ2; the end of the first expansion portion away from the first circular groove portion has a first open end, and the length of the first open end is 0.6λ2-1.12λ2; the end of the second expansion portion away from the second circular groove portion has a second open end, and the length of the second open end is 0.6λ2-1.12λ2, wherein λ2 is the wavelength of the antenna at 28GHz.

9. The multi-port high frequency ratio antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first extension portion and the second extension portion are both rectangular structures, and the length of the first extension portion and the second extension portion is 0.6λ2-1.12λ2, and the width is 0.37λ2-0.47λ2; the width of the separation groove is 0.016λ1-0.024λ1; the length of the metal floor is 0.72λ1-0.88λ1, the width is 0.56λ1-0.72λ1, and the thickness is 0.008λ1-0.032λ1; wherein λ1 is the wavelength of the antenna at 2.4GHz, and λ2 is the wavelength of the antenna at 28GHz.

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