A power supply and distribution system with multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output in high-altitude uninhabited areas

Abstract

The present invention discloses a power supply and distribution system with multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output in high-altitude uninhabited areas. The power supply and distribution system includes: N distributed energy modules and M backup energy storage modules. Each distributed energy module includes: a group of power generation modules, a battery management system BMS, an energy storage unit, and a power distribution unit; wherein, the group of power generation modules includes at least one of a photovoltaic cell input module and a wind turbine power generation input module; the N distributed energy modules are connected in parallel with each other; the N battery management systems BMS of the N distributed energy modules are connected to each other for collaborative control and data interaction; the N power distribution units of the N distributed energy modules are connected to each other for collaborative power distribution; each of the M backup energy storage modules is connected to the N distributed energy modules. Among them, the multi-redundant input includes: first-order redundant input and second-order redundant input; the multi-redundant output includes: first-order redundant output and second-order redundant output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power supply and distribution in extremely high altitude environments, and particularly to a power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs in uninhabited areas at high altitudes. Background Art

[0002] Above 5000 meters of extremely high altitude on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an uninhabited area with harsh environmental and climatic conditions. The lowest temperature can reach -32°C, the highest temperature can reach 20°C, and the temperature difference between day and night is large; the air pressure is low, and the lowest atmospheric pressure can be as low as about 0.5 standard atmospheres (50KPa).

[0003] In recent years, with the increasing attention of the country to scientific investigation, observation and research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the natural environment of high altitude, low air pressure, high ultraviolet rays and large temperature difference between day and night on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau makes traditional power distribution systems prone to component damage and aging, and it is difficult to repair, resulting in the instability and unreliability of energy supply. Furthermore, power outages lead to the loss or damage of measurement data of scientific research observation instruments and equipment, seriously affecting scientific research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

[0004] At present, it is urgent to systematically solve the problem of energy supply for large-scale scientific research observation instruments and equipment in uninhabited areas at extremely high altitudes, and ensure the normal operation of scientific research instruments and equipment in extreme environments and the real-time acquisition of scientific data. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention provide a power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs in uninhabited areas at high altitudes to solve the problems of poor stability and difficult reliability guarantee of traditional energy supply for large-scale scientific research observation instruments and equipment in uninhabited areas at high altitudes.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention are implemented as follows:

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides a power supply and distribution system with multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output in high-altitude uninhabited areas. The power supply and distribution system includes: N distributed energy modules and M backup energy storage modules, where N is a positive integer determined according to load requirements, altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data; M is a positive integer determined according to the altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, and technical parameters of the backup energy storage module; Each distributed energy module includes: a set of power generation modules, a battery management system BMS, an energy storage unit, and a power distribution unit; Among them, any set of power generation modules includes: at least one of a photovoltaic cell input module and a wind turbine power generation input module; The N distributed energy modules are connected in parallel with each other; The N battery management systems BMS of the N distributed energy modules are connected to each other for collaborative control and data interaction; The N power distribution units of the N distributed energy modules are connected to each other for collaborative power distribution; Each of the M backup energy storage modules is connected to the N distributed energy modules; Among them, the multi-redundant input includes: first-order redundant input and second-order redundant input; The first-order redundant input is that each power generation module in the N distributed energy modules charges the corresponding energy storage unit, and the second-order redundant input is that the M backup energy storage modules charge the energy storage units in the N distributed energy modules; The multi-redundant output includes: first-order redundant output and second-order redundant output; The first-order redundant output is that the N distributed energy modules perform collaborative power distribution to the load; The second-order redundant output is that the M backup energy storage modules perform power distribution to the load.

[0008] Optionally, the method for determining the number N of distributed energy modules is: According to the altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data, through the first target training model, predict the power generation of the photovoltaic cell module and the power generation of the wind turbine power generation module to obtain the power generation prediction value of each distributed energy module; Divide the load demand by the power generation prediction value of each distributed energy module and round up to obtain the number N of distributed energy modules. Among them, the first target training model is a long short-term memory neural network model LSTM built according to the altitude of the measurement point, historical temperature data, historical sunshine duration data, historical wind data, as well as historical power generation data of the same type of photovoltaic solar panels and historical power generation data of wind turbines.

[0009] Optionally, the method for determining the number M of backup energy storage modules is: According to the failure rate data table of the historical energy module corresponding to the historical altitude and historical temperature data, refer to the altitude of the measurement point and the temperature data of the measurement point to determine the system backup power consumption; According to the system backup power consumption and the technical parameters of the backup energy storage module, determine the number M of backup energy storage modules. Among them, the failure rate data table of the historical energy module includes: historical altitude, historical temperature data, loss rate of the energy module, and compensation amount of the backup power consumption.

[0010] Optionally, according to the system's standby power consumption and the technical parameters of the standby energy storage module, determine the number M of standby energy storage modules, specifically including:

[0011] Divide the system's standby power consumption by the stored energy of the standby energy storage module, multiply by a basic coefficient k, and then round up to obtain the number M of standby energy storage modules; where the value range of the basic coefficient k is from 1.25 to 1.37.

[0012] Optionally, each battery management system BMS of the distributed energy module is set with a first threshold; if a battery management system BMS detects that the discharge amount of the energy storage unit is greater than or equal to the first threshold, then the battery management system BMS controls the energy storage unit to stop discharging; where the first threshold is determined according to the battery composition, charge and discharge frequency of each distributed energy module, and the basic parameters of the energy storage unit.

[0013] Optionally, each battery management system BMS of the distributed energy module activates the self-heating function after detecting that the first condition is met; and stops heating until it reaches the target temperature. Where the target temperature is 0°C, and the first condition includes the following conditions 1 to 3 and all are met simultaneously: Condition 1: The battery management system BMS detects that the state of charge SOC of the energy storage unit > 80%; Condition 2: Any power generation module is working properly; Condition 3: The battery management system BMS detects that the temperature of the energy storage unit < -10°C.

[0014] Optionally, the first-order redundant input includes: Any power generation module in the i-th distributed energy module charges the connected i-th energy storage unit; after the i-th energy storage unit is fully charged, the excess electric energy can charge (N - i) energy storage units; where any power generation module refers to any one of the AC power input module, DC power input module, photovoltaic cell input module, wind turbine power generation input module, and fuel cell input module; the (N - i) energy storage units are the energy storage units in the other energy modules except the i-th distributed energy module among the N distributed energy modules; i is a positive integer less than or equal to N. The second-order redundant input includes: If the power of the i-th energy storage unit in the i-th distributed energy module is less than or equal to the first threshold, then the j-th standby energy storage module charges the i-th energy storage unit in the i-th distributed energy module; where j is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

[0015] Optionally, the first-order redundant output includes: N distributed energy modules cooperatively distribute power to a load through a power distribution circuit according to a preset power distribution priority. The second-order redundant output includes: if the power of the i-th energy storage unit of the N distributed energy modules all meets the second condition, M standby energy storage modules charge the i-th energy storage unit and distribute power to the load through the power distribution circuit; where the second condition is that the power of the i-th energy storage unit of the N distributed energy modules is greater than or equal to a second threshold and less than a first threshold; the first threshold is the critical value to prevent over-discharge of the energy storage unit, and the second threshold is the minimum power to maintain data interaction of each battery management system (BMS); i is a positive integer less than or equal to N.

[0016] Optionally, N power distribution units are interconnected to form a total power distribution system for voltage regulation and power distribution to a load with multi-core point redundant output.

[0017] Optionally, at least one of the M standby energy storage modules is set underground, and is regularly maintained once every three months, and a group of standby energy storage modules is replaced every two years.

[0018] Advantages of the present invention:

[0019] On the one hand, a power supply and distribution system with multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output in a high-altitude uninhabited area provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: N distributed energy modules and M standby energy storage modules. The number N of distributed energy modules is comprehensively determined according to load requirements, altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind power data, applying an artificial intelligence algorithm; the number M of standby energy storage modules is determined according to the altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, and technical parameters of the standby energy storage modules. Therefore, while meeting the traditional energy supply requirements of large-scale scientific research observation instrument equipment in high-altitude uninhabited areas, the number of standby energy storage modules can be effectively reduced, greatly saving the scientific research cost.

[0020] On the other hand, the N energy modules and M standby energy storage modules of the present invention are distributed and interconnected, and each distributed energy module includes multiple power generation modules. Compared with the traditional energy structure, in this application, two levels of mutual backup and redundancy are provided respectively in three links: energy input (i.e., "first-order redundant input" input by multiple power generation modules, "second-order redundant input" input by standby energy storage modules), energy storage (stored by energy storage units in N energy modules, stored by M standby energy storage modules), and energy distribution output (i.e., "first-order redundant output" of N energy modules to the load, "second-order redundant output" of M standby energy storage modules to the load), greatly improving the energy guarantee supply capacity and stability of the entire energy system in high-altitude uninhabited areas.

[0021] On the other hand, the present invention introduces M standby energy storage modules, which can not only store electricity when the power generation is sufficient, but also, under the condition that the external energy input is missing due to some extreme environments, still utilize the energy stored in the energy storage unit to supply power to the load in a multi-redundant manner to prevent data loss, and supply power back to the N energy modules to ensure data interaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system in a high-altitude uninhabited area;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of a multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system without M standby energy storage modules;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the composition of a single energy module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] The term "and / or" in this article is an association relationship describing associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The symbol " / " in this article represents an "or" relationship between associated objects. For example, A / B represents A or B.

[0027] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order of objects. For example, the first threshold and the second threshold are used to distinguish different thresholds, rather than to describe the specific order of the thresholds.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to represent examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design solution described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or having more advantages than other embodiments or design solutions. Exactly speaking, using words such as "exemplary" or "for example" aims to present relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" refers to two or more. For example, a plurality of resistors refers to two or more resistor elements, etc.

[0030] As Figure 1 shown, this application provides a power supply and distribution system with multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output in high-altitude uninhabited areas. The power supply and distribution system includes: N distributed energy modules and M standby energy storage modules, where N is a positive integer determined according to load demand, altitude of measurement points, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data; M is a positive integer determined according to the altitude of measurement points, temperature data, and technical parameters of the standby energy storage modules.

[0031] Each distributed energy module includes: a set of power generation modules, a battery management system BMS, an energy storage unit, and a power distribution unit; where any set of power generation modules includes at least one of a photovoltaic cell input module and a wind turbine power generation input module; it may also include several of an AC power input module, a DC power input module, and a fuel cell input module.

[0032] The N distributed energy modules are connected in parallel with each other.

[0033] The N battery management systems BMS of the N distributed energy modules are connected to each other for collaborative control and data interaction.

[0034] The N power distribution units of the N distributed energy modules are connected to each other for collaborative power distribution.

[0035] Each of the M standby energy storage modules is connected to the N distributed energy modules.

[0036] Among them, multi-redundant input includes: first-order redundant input and second-order redundant input.

[0037] The first-order redundant input is that each power generation module in the N distributed energy modules charges the corresponding energy storage unit, and the second-order redundant input is that the M standby energy storage modules charge the energy storage units in the N distributed energy modules.

[0038] Multi-redundant output includes: first-order redundant output and second-order redundant output.

[0039] The first-order redundant output is that the N distributed energy modules perform collaborative power distribution to the load, and the second-order redundant output is that the M standby energy storage modules perform power distribution to the load.

[0040] It should be noted that, as Figure 1 shown in the structure diagram of the power supply and distribution system with multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output in high-altitude uninhabited areas provided by this application, Figure 2 is the structure diagram of the power supply and distribution system with multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output without M standby energy storage modules, Figure 3 is the composition structure diagram of a single energy module, where, Figure 3It is shown that any set of power generation modules may include one or a combination of more of an AC power input module, a DC power input module, a photovoltaic cell input module, a wind power generation input module, and a fuel cell input module. Figure 2 For Figure 3 the parallel combination of N distributed single energy modules is used to illustrate that the overall energy system adopts a distributed energy architecture, and the energy system can be composed of multiple energy modules. Figure 1 It is a power supply and distribution system structure diagram with M standby energy storage modules added on the basis of the parallel combination of N distributed modules. Among them, Figure 1 the "XX energy" shown generally refers to other possible energies other than the AC power input module, the DC power input module, the photovoltaic cell input module, and the wind power generation input module, and can be biomass energy, geothermal energy, etc.

[0041] Optionally, as Figures 1 to 3 shown, if the AC power or DC power can be obtained nearby at the measurement point location, then the N distributed energy modules at this measurement point are mainly the AC power input module or the DC power input module, supplemented by a small number of photovoltaic cell input modules and wind power generation input modules. If the measurement point has a high altitude and is rarely visited by people, then the N distributed energy modules at this measurement point are mainly the photovoltaic cell input module and the wind power generation input module, or all use the photovoltaic cell input module, or the wind power generation input module, or a combination of the two.

[0042] Optionally, when a set of power generation modules is connected to a battery management system BMS, different conditioning power supplies can be set according to the energy type of the power generation module. Taking Figure 1 the energy module 1 as an example, this set of power generation modules includes: an AC power supply, a DC power supply, a photovoltaic cell, wind power generation, and XX energy; among them, the AC power supply passes through the ACDC unit 11, the DC power supply passes through the DCDC unit 12, the photovoltaic cell passes through the MPPT unit 13, the wind power generation passes through the ACDC unit 14, and the XX energy passes through the conditioning unit 1n and is respectively connected to the battery management system BMS in the energy module 1. The same applies to energy modules 2 to energy module N, and the connection method in energy module 1 can be referred to.

[0043] It should be noted that in high-altitude areas of the plateau, in some areas, the light intensity and duration change greatly, and in some areas, the wind energy is relatively abundant. In actual scientific research, the light and wind energy in the actual measurement point area shall prevail.

[0044] Optionally, the N battery management systems (BMS) of the N distributed energy modules are interconnected. On the one hand, it can achieve the coordinated control of multiple BMSs (one implementation method is: using a central control unit to connect each BMS in sequence to coordinately control the power output of each BMS system; another implementation method is: the N BMSs are interconnected in sequence, and the BMS controls the DC / AC bidirectional converter or the PCS bidirectional converter system in the power distribution system to output power according to the built-in program). On the other hand, it realizes the data interaction of the N BMSs. The data includes: the control data of each BMS and the data backup of some detection devices (in order to prevent data loss due to power failure, some detection devices back up the data multiple times, and one of the backup memories is directly connected to the BMS to give priority to power supply and data synchronization), preventing data loss.

[0045] Optionally, the above first-order redundant input includes:

[0046] Any power generation module in the i-th distributed energy module can charge the connected i-th energy storage unit.

[0047] After the i-th energy storage unit is fully charged, the excess electric energy can be used to charge (N - i) energy storage units.

[0048] Wherein, any power generation module refers to any one of an AC power input module, a DC power input module, a photovoltaic cell input module, a wind turbine power generation input module, and a fuel cell input module; the i-th distributed energy module is any one of the N distributed energy modules, and the (N - i) energy storage units are the energy storage units in the other energy modules except the i-th distributed energy module among the N distributed energy modules; i is a positive integer less than or equal to N.

[0049] Optionally, after any one of the N distributed energy modules completes its own charging, it can charge the energy storage units in the other (N - 1) distributed energy modules through a parallel circuit. If there is still excess electric energy, it can also charge M standby energy storage modules.

[0050] Exemplarily, as Figure 1 shown, assume that energy module 1 uses all photovoltaic cells and energy module 2 uses all wind turbine power generation ( Figure 1 shown as various power supply forms, here for illustrative purposes). In some areas with high altitude and high elevation, the daily effective sunshine time exceeds 8 hours. When there is sunshine, the photovoltaic solar panels work, and the generated electric energy is preferentially supplied by energy module 1 to the first energy storage unit (i.e., Figure 1Charge the energy storage battery connected to the battery management system (BMS) of Energy Module 1. After the first energy storage unit is fully charged, then charge the energy storage units in Energy Module 2, Energy Module 3, ……, Energy Module N with the excess electric energy.

[0051] Similarly, in some areas with high altitude and high elevation, the effective sunshine duration is short (such as factors like weather and seasons), but the wind energy resources are abundant. In this case, Energy Module 2, which uses only wind turbines for power generation, can be adopted more frequently. As long as there is wind, regardless of day or night, Energy Module 2 can continuously generate electric energy and preferentially charge the second energy storage unit (i.e., Figure 1 the energy storage battery connected to the battery management system (BMS) of Energy Module 2). After the second energy storage unit is fully charged, then charge the energy storage units in Energy Module 1, Energy Module 3, ……, Energy Module N with the excess electric energy.

[0052] Optionally, the above second-order redundant input includes:

[0053] If the electric quantity of the i-th energy storage unit in the i-th distributed energy module is less than or equal to the first threshold, then the j-th standby energy storage module charges the i-th energy storage unit in the i-th distributed energy module.

[0054] Wherein, j is a positive integer less than or equal to M, i is a positive integer less than or equal to N, and the first threshold is the critical value to prevent over-discharge of the energy storage unit.

[0055] Optionally, when the electric quantity of the j-th energy module among the N distributed energy modules is lower than the over-discharge critical value (i.e., the first threshold), stop discharging, and charge it with the j-th one among the M energy storage units to prevent irreversible loss of the battery caused by over-discharge.

[0056] It should be noted that the above first threshold is the critical value to prevent over-discharge of the energy storage unit. Specifically, each energy storage unit (i.e., the energy storage battery) in the N distributed energy modules can be set according to the basic parameters, usage frequency, usage duration, etc. of the energy storage battery. For example, if the energy storage battery corresponding to the energy module using wind turbine power generation has a high usage frequency at the measurement point with rich wind energy resources, the corresponding first threshold can be set to 80% of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery load; if in an area with short effective sunshine duration (such as factors like weather and seasons), the corresponding first threshold can be set to 85% of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery load.

[0057] Exemplarily, as Figure 1 shown, assume that Energy Module 1 uses only photovoltaic cells, and the first threshold corresponding to its first energy storage battery is 85% of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery load; assume that Energy Module 2 uses only wind turbines for power generation, and the first threshold corresponding to its second energy storage battery is 80% of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery load ( Figure 1Shown in multiple power supply forms (for example here).

[0058] When powering a load, if the power level of the first energy storage unit in energy module 1 is greater than or equal to 85% of the SOC of the first threshold battery load state (it can also be described as the remaining power load state being less than or equal to 15%), then the second standby energy storage module among the M energy storage units charges the first energy storage unit in the first distributed energy module.

[0059] When powering a load, if the power level of the second energy storage unit in energy module 2 is greater than or equal to 80% of the SOC of the first threshold battery load state (it can also be described as the remaining power load state being less than or equal to 20%), then the first standby energy storage module among the M energy storage units charges the first energy storage unit in the first distributed energy module.

[0060] Optionally, the above first-order redundant output includes:

[0061] N distributed energy modules perform collaborative power distribution to the load through a power distribution circuit according to a preset power distribution priority.

[0062] Optionally, the loads in this application can be divided into three levels according to priority, which are, in order from highest to lowest priority: first-level loads, second-level loads, and third-level loads. Among them, the first-level loads can include: data storage modules of detection devices, communication modules, core detection devices, converters, heating components, etc.

[0063] The battery management system BMS preferentially ensures power supply to the first-level loads according to the electrical energy storage, and then to the second-level loads and third-level loads in sequence. When power supply is restored, it also preferentially restores power supply to the first-level loads, and then the second-level loads and third-level loads.

[0064] There are two implementation methods for collaborative power distribution to the load: One implementation method is: using a central control unit to connect each battery management system BMS in sequence to collaboratively control the power output of each battery management system BMS; Another implementation method is: N battery management systems BMS are interconnected in sequence, and the battery management system BMS controls the DC / AC bidirectional converter or PCS bidirectional converter system in the power distribution system to output power according to the built-in program through the CAN bus.

[0065] It should be noted that the power distribution circuit adopts mature existing technologies, and this application does not make specific limitations.

[0066] Optionally, the above second-order redundant output includes:

[0067] If the power levels of the i-th energy storage units of N distributed energy modules all meet the second condition, then the M standby energy storage modules charge the i-th energy storage unit and perform power distribution to the load through the power distribution circuit;

[0068] Among them, the second condition is that the power of the i-th energy storage unit of the N distributed energy modules is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold; the first threshold is the critical value to prevent over-discharge of the energy storage unit, and the second threshold is the minimum power to maintain the data interaction of each battery management system (BMS); i is a positive integer less than or equal to N.

[0069] It should be noted that the above first threshold is greater than or equal to the second threshold. When the power of the energy storage unit of a certain energy module is lower than the first threshold, to prevent over-discharge, the power distribution task for the corresponding energy storage unit is stopped; if the energy storage unit has not been charged in time by the M spare energy storage modules for the time being (such as other power distributions with higher priorities, or the power of the M spare energy storage modules is insufficient, etc.), in the case of high altitude and low temperature, the power of the energy storage unit will decrease again. When it drops to the second threshold (if the power decreases again, it will directly affect the data interaction of each battery management system (BMS); or in case of strong low temperature weather and other factors resulting in direct power-off), if the above second-order redundant output condition is met, the M spare energy storage modules will charge the j-th energy storage unit and perform power distribution to the load through the power distribution circuit.

[0070] Optionally, each battery management system (BMS) of the distributed energy module is set with a first threshold; if a battery management system (BMS) detects that the discharge amount of the energy storage unit is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the battery management system (BMS) controls the energy storage unit to stop discharging.

[0071] Among them, the first threshold is determined according to the battery composition, charge and discharge frequency, and basic parameters of the energy storage unit of each distributed energy module.

[0072] The basic parameters include: battery type, input voltage, rated voltage, rated capacity, discharge rate, energy density, power density, etc.

[0073] It should be noted that a single energy module supports multiple ways of energy input (supplementation), an independent energy storage unit, and an independent power distribution output unit; a single energy module supports multi-redundant input (supplementation) of energy and multi-redundant output of power distribution at the first level, and is not limited by the input failure of a single input energy source to stop working, with extremely strong system fault tolerance. In addition, it also has the following characteristics:

[0074] (1) Each energy input unit, such as Figure 3 11, 12, 13, 14,... 1n of the first energy module shown, all support anti-reverse, and the failure, fault or offline of any energy source will not affect the normal operation of other input units.

[0075] (2) The energy input unit, such as Figure 3The working energy requirements of 11, 12, 13, 14, …… 1n of the first energy module shown do not depend on the energy storage unit and work by taking power from the power supply input for its own working energy consumption. Therefore, it is beneficial to reduce the energy consumption in extreme environments. When the energy storage unit of the module is in an over-discharge protection state, in order to minimize the energy consumption under the condition of lack of energy replenishment (input), the energy storage unit is protected and only charging is allowed while discharging is not allowed. When any energy input (replenishment) unit is effective, the energy storage unit can be charged at any time.

[0076] Optionally, the battery management system BMS of each distributed energy module starts the self-heating function after detecting that the first condition is met; and stops heating until it is heated to the target temperature.

[0077] Among them, the target temperature is 0°C, and the first condition includes the following conditions 1 to 3 and all are met simultaneously:

[0078] Condition 1: The battery management system BMS detects that the state of charge SOC of the energy storage unit > 80%;

[0079] Condition 2: Any power generation module is working normally;

[0080] Condition 3: The battery management system BMS detects that the temperature of the energy storage unit < -10°C.

[0081] It should be noted that triggering the above first condition can start the self-heating function, effectively improve the battery utilization rate, thereby extending the service life of the battery and improving the operation stability of the entire power supply and distribution system in low-temperature conditions.

[0082] In addition, considering the low-temperature environment on the plateau, continuous heating will cause energy consumption, and low-temperature energy storage batteries need to be used. According to the performance of the applied low-temperature lithium batteries, for some lithium batteries, their capacity retention rate and discharge performance decrease significantly in an environment below -10°C. For some lithium batteries, their performance is good at -10°C, but in an environment below -30°C, their capacity retention rate and discharge performance show a cliff-like decline. However, in this application, when setting condition 3 in the first condition, a relatively easily triggered temperature is selected. This value needs to be determined comprehensively according to the specific battery materials, the lithium batteries required for special environments, and the basic parameters of the lithium batteries. In actual working conditions, it is appropriately 3 - 7°C higher than the performance temperature of lithium batteries in the normal temperature environment at conventional altitudes.

[0083] Optionally, N distribution units are connected to each other for voltage regulation and multi-core point redundant output for power distribution to the load.

[0084] Optionally, at least one of the M standby energy storage modules is set underground, and it is regularly maintained once every three months, and a group of standby energy storage modules is replaced every two years.

[0085] Since the N energy modules and M backup energy storage modules of the present invention are distributed and interconnected, and each distributed energy module includes multiple power generation modules (for example, a photovoltaic cell input module or a wind turbine power generation input module, or a combined power generation module of both, is arranged at a remote measurement point at high altitude), compared with the traditional energy structure, this application provides two levels of mutual backup and redundancy respectively from three aspects: energy input (i.e., the "first-order redundant input" from multiple power generation modules, the "second-order redundant input" from backup energy storage modules), energy storage (stored in the energy storage units of N energy modules and M backup energy storage modules), and energy distribution output (i.e., the "first-order redundant output" of N energy modules to the load, the "second-order redundant output" of M backup energy storage modules to the load), greatly improving the energy supply capacity and stability of the entire energy system in uninhabited areas at high altitude.

[0086] Optionally, the method for determining the number N of distributed energy modules specifically includes the following steps 101 to 102:

[0087] Step 101: According to the altitude, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data of the measurement point, through the first target training model, predict the power generation of the photovoltaic cell module and the wind turbine power generation module, and obtain the power generation prediction value of each distributed energy module.

[0088] Step 102: Divide the load demand by the power generation prediction value of each distributed energy module and round up to obtain the number N of distributed energy modules.

[0089] Among them, the first target training model is a long short-term memory neural network model LSTM built according to the altitude, historical temperature data, historical sunshine duration data, historical wind data of the measurement point, as well as the historical power generation data of the same type of photovoltaic solar panels and the historical power generation data of wind turbines.

[0090] Optionally, the specific steps for building the long short-term memory neural network model LSTM include the following steps 102a to 102c:

[0091] Step 102a: Obtain the altitude, historical temperature data, historical sunshine duration data, historical wind data of the measurement point, as well as the historical power generation data of the same type of photovoltaic solar panels and the historical power generation data of wind turbines, and divide them into a training set and a test set according to a ratio of 8:2.

[0092] Step 102b: Determine the target parameters of the long short-term memory neural network model LSTM based on the training set data, and continuously iterate through the Adam optimization algorithm until the condition of the minimum loss function is met.

[0093] Among them, the target parameters include: the number of hidden layers, the number of hidden layer nodes, the learning rate, the number of iterations, and the loss function is the mean square error value.

[0094] Specifically, the long short-term memory neural network model LSTM contains several unit modules, and each unit module consists of neurons and multiplication units. The multiplication units are used to implement data input, output, and forgetting and discarding. Compared with the convolutional neural network CNN and the recurrent neural network RNN, the long short-term memory neural network model LSTM has an additional hidden state C, called the cell state. In addition to the cell state, it also includes a forget gate, an input gate, and an output gate.

[0095] Among them, the forget gate can determine whether to retain the state of the previous hidden unit with a certain probability, and its input is the output of the previous layer and the sequence data. The output is obtained through the Sigmoid function, representing the possibility of forgetting the state of the previous layer unit. The range of the output value is between 0 and 1, where 1 represents all retention and 0 represents all discard. The input gate mainly determines what information to add and how much information to add to the cell state, and it mainly consists of two parts. One part determines which values to update through the Sigmoid function, and the other part generates new candidate values through the Tanh function. Combine the forget gate and the input gate to obtain a new cell state, that is, discard the unnecessary information and add new information. Finally, the output gate determines the output of the model. First, use the Sigmoid function to obtain the initial output, then scale the output value to between -1 and 1 through the Tanh function, and then multiply it by the output obtained by the Sigmoid function to obtain the output of the model.

[0096] Step 102c: Verify whether the built LSTM neural network model meets the modeling requirements through the test set data.

[0097] Among them, the modeling requirement is that the fitting coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.92.

[0098] It can be understood that since the number N of distributed energy modules is predicted by the LSTM model based on the altitude, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind power data of the measurement points, compared with the traditional empiricism, this method has more historical data as a basis, which can greatly improve the accuracy of designing the number N of distributed energy modules and avoid the waste of resources caused by excessive configuration.

[0099] Optionally, the method for determining the number M of backup energy storage modules specifically includes the following steps 201 to 202:

[0100] Step 201: Determine the system backup power consumption according to the failure rate data table of the historical energy modules corresponding to the historical altitude and historical temperature data, and referring to the altitude of the measurement point and the temperature data of the measurement point.

[0101] Among them, the failure rate data table of the historical energy module includes: historical altitude, historical temperature data, loss rate of the energy module, and compensation amount of the backup power consumption.

[0102] It should be noted that the failure rate data table of the historical energy module corresponding to the above historical altitude and historical temperature data is a table summarized by scientific research personnel based on years of scientific research and observation experience. This table is only applicable to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region (special working conditions of low temperature, low air pressure and high altitude), and this table can refer to the altitude of the measurement point and the temperature data of the measurement point to determine the value of the system backup power consumption.

[0103] Step 202: Determine the number M of the backup energy storage modules according to the system backup power consumption and the technical parameters of the backup energy storage modules.

[0104] Optionally, divide the system backup power consumption by the storage capacity of the backup energy storage module, multiply by a basic coefficient k, and then round up to obtain the number M of the backup energy storage modules.

[0105] Among them, the value range of the basic coefficient k is from 1.25 to 1.37, and 1.37 can be preferably selected.

[0106] It can be understood that since the number M of the backup energy storage modules is determined according to the failure rate data table of the historical energy module that conforms to the plateau environment, it is more in line with the actual working conditions.

[0107] A power supply and distribution system with multi-redundancy input and multi-redundancy output in high-altitude uninhabited areas provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: N distributed energy modules and M backup energy storage modules. On the one hand, both the number M of backup energy storage modules and the number N of distributed energy modules are comprehensively determined according to load requirements, altitude of measurement points, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data, using artificial intelligence algorithms. While meeting the traditional energy supply requirements of large-scale scientific research observation instrument and equipment in high-altitude uninhabited areas, it can effectively reduce the number of backup energy storage modules and greatly save scientific research costs. On the other hand, the N energy modules and M backup energy storage modules of the present invention are distributed and interconnected, and each distributed energy module includes multiple power generation modules. Compared with the traditional energy structure, this application provides two levels of mutual backup and redundancy respectively from three aspects: energy input (i.e., "first-order redundant input" from multiple power generation modules and "second-order redundant input" from backup energy storage modules), energy storage (stored in energy storage units in N energy modules and M backup energy storage modules), and energy distribution output (i.e., "first-order redundant output" of N energy modules to the load and "second-order redundant output" of M backup energy storage modules to the load), greatly improving the energy guarantee supply capacity and stability of the entire energy system in high-altitude uninhabited areas. On the other hand, the present invention introduces M backup energy storage modules, which can not only store electricity when the power generation is sufficient, but also, under the condition of the absence of external energy input caused by some extreme environments, still use the energy stored in the energy storage unit to supply power to the load (i.e., scientific research instruments) in a multi-redundant manner to prevent data loss and supply power to the N energy modules in reverse to ensure data interaction.

[0108] The above-described embodiments are preferred examples for implementing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any non-essential addition or replacement made by those skilled in the art based on the technical features of the technical solution of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs in a high altitude uninhabited area, characterized in that: The power supply and distribution system includes: N distributed energy modules and M backup energy storage modules, wherein N is a positive integer determined according to load demand, altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data; M is a positive integer determined according to altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, and technical parameters of the backup energy storage module; Each distributed energy module includes: a group of power generation modules, a battery management system BMS, an energy storage unit, and a power distribution unit; wherein any group of power generation modules includes: at least one of a photovoltaic cell input module and a wind turbine power generation input module; N distributed energy modules are connected in parallel; N battery management systems (BMS) of N distributed energy modules are interconnected for coordinated control and data exchange; N distribution units of N distributed energy modules are interconnected to perform coordinated power distribution; Each of the M backup energy storage modules is connected to the N distributed energy modules; Among them, the multiple redundant inputs include: first-order redundant input and second-order redundant input; the first-order redundant input is that each power generation module in the N distributed energy modules charges the corresponding energy storage unit, and the second-order redundant input is that the M backup energy storage modules charge the energy storage units in the N distributed energy modules; Multiple redundant outputs include: first-order redundant output and second-order redundant output; the first-order redundant output is N distributed energy modules coordinating power distribution to the load; the second-order redundant output is M backup energy storage modules distributing power to the load.

2. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for determining the number N of distributed energy modules is: According to the altitude, temperature, sunshine duration and wind data of the measurement point, the power generation of the photovoltaic cell module and the wind turbine power generation module are predicted through the first target training model to obtain the power generation prediction value of each distributed energy module; The number N of distributed energy modules is obtained by dividing the load demand by the predicted power generation value of each distributed energy module and rounding up; Among them, the first target training model is a long short-term memory neural network model LSTM, which is built based on the altitude of the measurement point, historical temperature data, historical sunshine duration data, historical wind data, and historical power generation data of the same type of photovoltaic solar panels and wind turbines.

3. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for determining the number M of backup energy storage modules is: According to the historical energy module failure rate data table corresponding to the historical altitude and historical temperature data, the system backup power is determined with reference to the altitude and temperature data of the measurement point; Determine the number M of backup energy storage modules based on the system backup power and technical parameters of the backup energy storage modules; Among them, the historical energy module failure rate data table includes: historical altitude, historical temperature data, energy module loss rate, and compensation amount of standby power.

4. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: According to the system backup power and the technical parameters of the backup energy storage modules, the number M of backup energy storage modules is determined, including: The number M of backup energy storage modules is obtained by dividing the system backup power by the storage power of the backup energy storage module, multiplying by a basic coefficient k and rounding. Among them, the value range of the basic coefficient k is 1.25 to 1.

37.

5. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery management system BMS of each distributed energy module is provided with a first threshold; If a battery management system BMS detects that the discharge amount of the energy storage unit is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the battery management system BMS controls the energy storage unit to stop discharging; The first threshold is determined according to the battery composition, charge and discharge frequency, and basic parameters of the energy storage unit of each distributed energy module.

6. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The battery management system BMS of each distributed energy module starts the self-heating function after detecting that the first condition is met; Stop heating after reaching the target temperature; The target temperature is 0°C, and the first condition includes the following conditions 1 to 3, which are satisfied at the same time: Condition 1: The battery management system BMS detects that the energy storage unit's state of charge SOC>80%; Condition 2: Any power generation module works normally; Condition 3: The battery management system BMS detects that the energy storage unit temperature is less than -10°C.

7. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: First-order redundant inputs, including: Any power generation module in the i-th distributed energy module charges the i-th energy storage unit connected to it; After the i-th energy storage unit is fully charged, the excess electric energy is used to charge (Ni) energy storage units; Among them, any power generation module refers to any one of the AC power input module, DC power input module, photovoltaic cell input module, wind turbine power input module, and fuel cell input module; (Ni) energy storage units are energy storage units in other energy modules except the i-th distributed energy module among the N distributed energy modules; i is a positive integer less than or equal to N; Second-order redundant input, including: If the power of the i-th energy storage unit in the i-th distributed energy module is less than or equal to the first threshold, the j-th backup energy storage module charges the i-th energy storage unit in the i-th distributed energy module; Wherein, j is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

8. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: First-order redundant outputs, including: N distributed energy modules coordinate power distribution to loads through power distribution circuits according to preset power distribution priorities; Secondary redundant outputs, including: If the power of the i-th energy storage unit of the N distributed energy modules meets the second condition, the M backup energy storage modules charge the i-th energy storage unit and distribute power to the load through the power distribution circuit; Among them, the second condition is that the power of the i-th energy storage unit of N distributed energy modules is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold; the first threshold is the critical value to prevent over-discharge of the energy storage unit, and the second threshold is the minimum power to maintain data interaction between each battery management system BMS; i is a positive integer less than or equal to N.

9. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: N distribution units are interconnected to form a total distribution system for realizing multi-redundant output power distribution to loads.

10. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the M backup energy storage modules is set underground and is regularly maintained every three months, and a group of backup energy storage modules is replaced every two years.

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