User migration method and device, computer equipment, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The invention relates to a user migration method and device, computer equipment, a storage medium and a program product. The method comprises the following steps: in response to a migration instruction for a target forwarding plane network element pool managed by a first control plane network element, generating a second control plane network element for managing the target forwarding plane network element pool; obtaining a to-be-migrated forwarding plane network element from the target forwarding plane network element pool, and setting the to-be-migrated forwarding plane network element and the second control plane network element to be in a migration mode; the migration mode is used for indicating to synchronize the user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to the second control plane network element; and when the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, canceling the migration mode, and returning to execute the step of obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool until the user information of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool is synchronized to the second control plane network element. By adopting the method, the service running reliability of the vBRAS server can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a user migration method, apparatus, computer equipment, storage medium and program product. Background Art

[0002] With the development of communication technology, vBRAS (virtual Broadband Remote Access Server) with separation of forwarding and control has gradually become the mainstream of metropolitan area network deployment. vBRAS with separation of forwarding and control is divided into control plane network element vBRAS-CP (Control Plane) and forwarding plane network element vBRAS-UP (User Plane). Among them, the control plane network element vBRAS-CP is responsible for user access and management; the forwarding plane network element vBRAS-UP is responsible for functions such as traffic forwarding and routing management. The forwarding plane network element and the control plane network element realize control and information reporting through the CU channel (communication channel connecting CP and UP).

[0003] However, currently, when the control-forwarding separation vBRAS implements CP multi-instance, there are multiple user disconnection problems during the switching process of migrating the UP pool managed by the old CP to the new CP, resulting in reduced reliability of the control-forwarding separation vBRAS. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a user migration method, apparatus, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium and computer program product that can prevent users from being disconnected in order to solve the above technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a user migration method, which is applied to a vBRAS server including a control plane network element and a plurality of forwarding plane network element pools managed by the control plane network element, the method comprising:

[0006] In response to a migration instruction for a target forwarding plane network element pool managed by the first control plane network element, generating a second control plane network element for managing the target forwarding plane network element pool;

[0007] Acquire a forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool, and set the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode; the migration mode is used to indicate that user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is synchronized to the second control plane network element;

[0008] When the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, the migration mode is canceled, and the step of obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool is returned to execute until the user information of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool has been synchronized to the second control plane network element.

[0009] In one of the embodiments, when the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, canceling the migration mode includes:

[0010] When the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, sending a user connection maintenance instruction to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, wherein the user connection maintenance instruction is used to instruct the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to maintain a traffic transmission connection with the user during the process of disconnecting from the first control plane network element and being managed by the second control plane network element;

[0011] In a case where the forwarding plane network element to be migrated has been managed by the second control plane network element, the migration mode of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element is canceled.

[0012] In one of the embodiments, after setting the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode, the method further includes:

[0013] Establish a communication connection between the second control plane network element and the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, and instruct the second control plane network element to initiate a user information acquisition request to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated through the communication connection, so that the second control plane network element obtains the user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to complete the user information synchronization for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated.

[0014] In one of the embodiments, after setting the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode, the method further includes:

[0015] In response to a user online request for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, instructing the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to upload the user online request to the first control plane network element to obtain a response result of the first control plane network element to the user online request;

[0016] When the response result indicates that the user is allowed to go online, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is instructed to synchronize the user information carried in the user online request to the second control plane network element through the communication connection.

[0017] In one embodiment, after canceling the migration mode, the method further includes:

[0018] In response to a user online request for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is instructed to upload the user online request to the second control plane network element to obtain a response result of the second control plane network element to the user online request.

[0019] In one of the embodiments, obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool includes:

[0020] Obtaining the service activity of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool and the service type of the service currently running on each forwarding plane network element; the service activity is used to characterize the activity level of the user connected to the forwarding plane network element;

[0021] Obtaining the migration priority of each of the forwarding plane network elements according to a preset service activity threshold, the service activity, and the service type;

[0022] According to the migration priority, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is obtained from the target forwarding plane network element pool.

[0023] In one embodiment, obtaining the migration priority of each of the forwarding plane network elements according to a preset service activity threshold, the service activity, and the service type includes:

[0024] According to a preset service activity threshold, determining a forwarding plane network element whose service activity threshold is higher than the preset service activity threshold as a first forwarding plane network element, and determining other forwarding plane network elements in the target forwarding plane network element pool except the first forwarding plane network element as second forwarding plane network elements;

[0025] For the first forwarding plane network element, obtain a first service importance of a service type corresponding to the first forwarding plane network element, and obtain a first migration priority of the first forwarding plane network element according to the first service importance and the service activity of the first forwarding plane network element; the first service importance is positively correlated with the first migration priority, and the service activity of the first forwarding plane network element is negatively correlated with the first migration priority;

[0026] For the second forwarding plane network element, obtain a second service importance of the service type corresponding to the second forwarding plane network element, and obtain a second migration priority of the first forwarding plane network element according to the second service importance and the service activity of the second forwarding plane network element; the second service importance is positively correlated with the second migration priority, and the service activity of the second forwarding plane network element is positively correlated with the second migration priority;

[0027] The migration priority of each of the forwarding plane network elements is determined according to the first migration priority and the second migration priority.

[0028] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a user migration device, comprising:

[0029] A network element generation module, configured to generate, in response to a migration instruction for a target forwarding plane network element pool managed by a first control plane network element, a second control plane network element for managing the target forwarding plane network element pool;

[0030] A mode setting module, used to obtain the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool, and set the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode; the migration mode is used to indicate that user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is synchronized to the second control plane network element;

[0031] An information synchronization module is used to cancel the migration mode when the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, and return to execute the step of obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool until the user information of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool has been synchronized to the second control plane network element.

[0032] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are implemented:

[0033] In response to a migration instruction for a target forwarding plane network element pool managed by the first control plane network element, generating a second control plane network element for managing the target forwarding plane network element pool;

[0034] Acquire a forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool, and set the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode; the migration mode is used to indicate that user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is synchronized to the second control plane network element;

[0035] When the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, the migration mode is canceled, and the step of obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool is returned to execute until the user information of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool has been synchronized to the second control plane network element.

[0036] In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the following steps are implemented:

[0037] In response to a migration instruction for a target forwarding plane network element pool managed by the first control plane network element, generating a second control plane network element for managing the target forwarding plane network element pool;

[0038] Acquire a forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool, and set the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode; the migration mode is used to indicate that user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is synchronized to the second control plane network element;

[0039] When the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, the migration mode is canceled, and the step of obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool is returned to execute until the user information of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool has been synchronized to the second control plane network element.

[0040] In a fifth aspect, the present application further provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which implements the following steps when executed by a processor:

[0041] In response to a migration instruction for a target forwarding plane network element pool managed by the first control plane network element, generating a second control plane network element for managing the target forwarding plane network element pool;

[0042] Acquire a forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool, and set the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode; the migration mode is used to indicate that user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is synchronized to the second control plane network element;

[0043] When the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, the migration mode is canceled, and the step of obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool is returned to execute until the user information of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool has been synchronized to the second control plane network element.

[0044] The user migration method, apparatus, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium and computer program product described above generate a second control plane network element for managing a target forwarding plane network element pool in response to a migration instruction for a target forwarding plane network element pool to be managed by a first control plane network element; obtain the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool, and set the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to migration mode; the migration mode is used to indicate that user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is synchronized to the second control plane network element; when the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, the migration mode is canceled, and the step of obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool is returned to execute until the user information of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool has been synchronized to the second control plane network element. The present application sets the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to the migration mode, so that the second control plane network element completes the user information synchronization for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated. During this process, the connection between the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the first control plane network element is not affected, and the existing services are not affected. After the user information synchronization is completed, the migration mode is canceled to maintain the continuity of the service, that is, the user will not feel the interruption during the migration process, and the reliability of the vBRAS server running the service can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application or related technical descriptions will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0046] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a user migration method in an embodiment;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a process for canceling a migration mode step in an embodiment;

[0048] Figure 3 is an application environment diagram of a user migration method in another embodiment;

[0049] Figure 4 is a structural block diagram of a user migration device in one embodiment;

[0050] Figure 5 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the internal structure of a computer device in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0052] vBRAS (virtual Broadband Remote Access Server) is a network access control layer virtualization solution based on BRAS functions, based on the ETSI NFV (network function virtualization) reference architecture and SDN (software defined network) technology.

[0053] vBRAS with separated control and forwarding planes: The control plane (CP) and forwarding plane (UP) functions of vBRAS are deployed separately.

[0054] vBRAS-CP (Control Plane): responsible for user access control, user management, address management, UP management and other functions. It usually includes CP control VM (responsible for system monitoring, resource management, alarm management and other functions), service management VM (responsible for user access control, user management, address management, UP management and other functions) and load sharing VM (responsible for communication between CP and UP, message distribution and other functions).

[0055] vBRAS-UP (User Plane, forwarding plane): responsible for functions such as traffic forwarding and routing management. According to the physical form of the device, vBRAS-UP is divided into pUP (physical UP, hardware forwarding plane) and vUP (virtual UP, virtualized forwarding plane).

[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, a user migration method is provided, which is described by applying the method to a vBRAS server including a control plane network element and multiple forwarding plane network element pools managed by the control plane network element, including the following steps S202 to S206. Among them:

[0057] Step S202: In response to a migration instruction for a target forwarding plane network element pool to be managed by the first control plane network element, a second control plane network element for managing the target forwarding plane network element pool is generated.

[0058] The control plane network element may refer to a device or node in a vBRAS server, which is used to control and manage network forwarding behaviors, such as session control, policy management, etc. The forwarding plane network element may refer to a device used for data forwarding.

[0059] In actual applications, both the first control plane network element and the second control plane network element may include a main control plane and a backup control plane. For example, the first control plane network element may include a main control plane A and a backup control plane B, and the second control plane network element may include a main control plane C and a backup control plane D.

[0060] Among them, the first control plane network element can manage multiple forwarding plane network element pools, and the second control plane network element can be a control plane network element newly created in the vBRAS server, which is used to implement a multi-instance scenario of a vBRAS control plane with forwarding and control separation.

[0061] The migration instruction may be used to instruct the vBRAS server to transfer a specific forwarding plane network element pool, namely, a target forwarding plane network element pool, from the first control plane network element to a newly created second control plane network element for management.

[0062] Exemplarily, when the vBRAS server receives a migration instruction for a target forwarding plane network element pool managed by a first control plane network element, the vBRAS server creates a new control plane network element as a second control plane network element based on the configuration of the first control plane network element to manage the target forwarding plane network element pool.

[0063] Step S204, obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool, and setting the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode, wherein the migration mode is used to indicate synchronizing user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to the second control plane network element.

[0064] Among them, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated may refer to a specific forwarding device that needs to be selected from the target forwarding plane network element pool during the current migration process. The migration mode may refer to the forwarding plane network element and the control plane network element entering a predefined state during the user migration process to support the synchronization and migration of user information. User information may refer to information about the user stored on the forwarding plane network element, through which the new control plane network element can bring the user online. For example, the user information in the target forwarding plane network element pool connected to the first control plane network element is synchronized to the second control plane network element, and then the target forwarding plane network element pool can be disconnected from the first control plane network element pool, and at the same time, the corresponding user is brought online in the second control plane network element based on the synchronized user information through the second control plane network element that has been connected to the target forwarding plane network element pool.

[0065] Exemplarily, the vBRAS server first obtains a forwarding plane network element from the target forwarding plane network element pool as the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, and then sets the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to migration mode. When the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element are both in migration mode, the user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated can be synchronized to the second control plane network element.

[0066] Step S206, when the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, cancel the migration mode and return to the step of obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool until the user information of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool has been synchronized to the second control plane network element.

[0067] Exemplarily, after confirming that the second control plane network element has completed the synchronization of user information with the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, the vBRAS server cancels the migration mode of the second control plane network element and the migration mode of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, so that the forwarding plane network element to be migrated that has completed the migration can accept the management and control from the second control plane network element; then continue to obtain other forwarding plane network elements to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool until the user information of all forwarding plane network elements in the target forwarding plane network element pool has been synchronized to the second control plane network element, so that the second control plane network element completes the management of the target forwarding plane network element pool.

[0068] In the above-mentioned user migration method, by setting the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to the migration mode, the second control plane network element completes the user information synchronization for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated. During this process, the connection between the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the first control plane network element is not affected, and the existing services are not affected. After the user information synchronization is completed, the migration mode is canceled to maintain the continuity of the service, that is, the user will not feel the interruption during the migration process, and the reliability of the vBRAS server running the service can be improved.

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, in the above step S206, when the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, canceling the migration mode includes the following steps:

[0070] Step S302, when the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, sends a user connection maintenance instruction to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated; wherein the user connection maintenance instruction is used to instruct the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to maintain a traffic transmission connection with the user during the process of disconnecting from the first control plane network element and being managed by the second control plane network element.

[0071] The user connection maintenance instruction may be used to ensure that the user's traffic transmission connection is not interrupted during the migration process. The user connection maintenance instruction points to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, instructing it to maintain the connection with the user after the connection with the original control plane network element is disconnected. The traffic transmission connection may refer to the data communication link between the user device (such as a computer, mobile phone, etc.) and the network service, including but not limited to the data exchange process generated by various online activities such as Internet browsing and video streaming.

[0072] Exemplarily, after confirming that the second control plane network element has completed synchronization of user information with the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, the vBRAS server sends a user connection maintenance instruction to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated; after receiving the user connection maintenance instruction, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated adjusts its processing logic to ensure that it continues to process traffic and maintains connection with the user during the process of disconnecting from the first control plane network element, and continues to process traffic and maintain connection with the user during the process of being managed by the second control plane network element.

[0073] Step S304: when the forwarding plane network element to be migrated has been managed by the second control plane network element, cancel the migration mode of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element.

[0074] Exemplarily, on the basis of user connection maintenance instruction control, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated begins to establish necessary management connections with the second control plane network element. For example, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated feeds back its status to the second control plane network element, such as link status, traffic processing status, etc.; after the vBRAS server confirms that the forwarding plane network element to be migrated has established a valid management connection with the second control plane network element, that is, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated has been successfully managed by the second control plane network element, the migration mode of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element is canceled. At this time, the second control plane network element can enable the users who are currently connected to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to go online in the second control plane network element through the synchronized user information. In addition, new users can go online in the second control plane network element through the current forwarding plane network element to be migrated; that is, at this time, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated has been successfully migrated to the second control plane network element, and at the same time, the users on it are also hot migrated to the second control plane network element.

[0075] In this embodiment, by implementing the user connection maintenance instruction, it is ensured that the user's traffic transmission will not be affected when the control plane network element is changed, avoiding user disconnection or re-dial-up due to migration, and improving the reliability of the service provided by the vBRAS server as a whole.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, after the step of setting the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to the migration mode in the above-mentioned step S204 is executed, the following steps may also be included: establishing a communication connection between the second control plane network element and the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, and instructing the second control plane network element to initiate a user information acquisition request to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated through the communication connection, so that the second control plane network element obtains the user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to complete the user information synchronization for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated.

[0077] Among them, the communication connection between the second control plane network element and the forwarding plane network element to be migrated may refer to a network connection established between the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element, which is used for information exchange and instruction transmission. At this time, the second control plane network element has not established a management relationship with the forwarding plane network element to be migrated through the network connection, and the forwarding plane network element to be migrated still maintains a management relationship with the first control plane network element. That is to say, if a new user goes online through the forwarding plane network element to be migrated at this time, he will go online through the first control plane network element.

[0078] The user information acquisition request may refer to a request initiated by the second control plane network element, and is used to acquire user information in the forwarding plane network element to be migrated.

[0079] Exemplarily, after the vBRAS server sets the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to the migration mode, it establishes a communication connection between the second control plane network element and the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, and after establishing the communication connection, it issues an instruction to the second control plane network element; after the second control plane network element receives the instruction from the vBRAS server, the second control plane network element initiates a user information acquisition request to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated through the above-mentioned communication connection; after the forwarding plane network element to be migrated receives the user information acquisition request issued by the second control plane network element, it uploads the currently saved user information to the second control plane network element, and finally completes the user information synchronization for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated.

[0080] In this embodiment, in the migration mode, by establishing a direct communication connection and instructing the second control plane network element to initiate a request to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated through the communication connection, user information can be quickly and efficiently synchronized from the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to the second control plane network element, providing a good information foundation for subsequent management and services, and improving the overall migration efficiency.

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, after the step of setting the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to the migration mode in the above step S204 is executed, the following steps may also be included:

[0082] Step S11, in response to a user online request for a forwarding plane network element to be migrated, instructing the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to upload the user online request to the first control plane network element to obtain a response result of the first control plane network element to the user online request.

[0083] The user online request for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated may refer to a request initiated to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated when a new user attempts to connect to the network through the forwarding plane network element to be migrated.

[0084] The response result may refer to the result returned by the first control plane network element after processing the received user online request, indicating whether the new user is allowed to go online in the first control plane network element via the forwarding plane network element to be migrated.

[0085] Exemplarily, after receiving a user online request for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, and when the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is in migration mode, the vBRAS server instructs the forwarding plane to be migrated to upload the received user online request to the first control plane network element, and the first control plane network element processes the user online request and returns a response result.

[0086] Step S12: When the response result indicates that the user is allowed to go online, instruct the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to synchronize the user information carried in the user online request to the second control plane network element through a communication connection.

[0087] The response result being characterized as agreeing to go online may mean that the first control plane network element agrees that the new user goes online in the first control plane network element via the forwarding plane network element to be migrated.

[0088] Exemplarily, when the vBRAS server confirms that the response result returned by the first control plane network element to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated indicates consent to go online, it initiates an instruction to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, and the forwarding plane network element to be migrated uploads the user information carried in the user online request to the second control plane network element through the communication connection established above, and the second control plane network element is able to synchronize the newly added user information to ensure that the user information on the forwarding plane network element to be migrated can be synchronized to the second control plane network element in a timely manner when the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is in migration mode.

[0089] In this embodiment, when the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element are set to the migration mode, when a user online request is received through the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is instructed to upload the user online request to the first control plane network element, that is, the online control processing is still performed through the first control plane network element, and the user information corresponding to the newly added online user is synchronized to the second forwarding plane network element via the forwarding plane to be migrated. The above steps process the user online request by first uploading it to the first control plane network element for processing, thereby ensuring that the new user can also go online smoothly during the switching of network management rights; and then synchronizing the relevant user information to the second control plane network element, thereby ensuring the complete transfer of user information from the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to the second control plane network element, thereby ensuring data consistency during the migration process.

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, after the step of canceling the migration mode executed in the above step S206, the step may also be included: in response to a user online request for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, instructing the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to upload the user online request to the second control plane network element to obtain a response result of the second control plane network element to the user online request.

[0091] The cancellation of the migration mode may refer to a process in which the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element resume normal operation status after completing the migration of user information, that is, they are no longer in a special migration status.

[0092] The user online request in this embodiment may refer to a user online request received after the migration mode of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element is canceled.

[0093] Exemplarily, after the vBRAS server confirms that the forwarding plane network element to be migrated has canceled the migration mode and the second control plane network element has canceled the migration mode, when receiving a user online request for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, since the forwarding plane to be migrated has completed the synchronization of user information to the second control plane network element and has canceled the migration mode, it can be considered that the forwarding plane to be migrated has been managed by the second control plane, so the vBRAS server initiates an instruction to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated uploads the user online request to the second control plane network element, and the second control plane network element processes the user online request and returns a response result.

[0094] In this embodiment, after the migration mode is canceled, if the forwarding plane network element to be migrated receives a new user online request, it will process it according to the new management right configuration, that is, forward it to the second control plane network element for processing.

[0095] In an exemplary embodiment, the acquisition of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool performed in the above step S204 may specifically include the following steps:

[0096] Step S21: obtaining the service activity of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool and the service type of the service currently running on each forwarding plane network element.

[0097] Step S22: Obtain the migration priority of each forwarding plane network element according to a preset service activity threshold, service activity, and service type.

[0098] Step S23: acquiring the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool according to the migration priority.

[0099] The service activity is used to characterize the activity of users connected to the forwarding plane network element. For example, it can be calculated based on data such as the number of user connections, traffic consumption, or interaction frequency.

[0100] The service type may refer to the type of service being processed by the forwarding plane network element, for example, video streaming, data downloading, voice call and other services.

[0101] The service activity threshold may refer to a preset standard value, which is used to distinguish services with different activity levels, so as to determine which forwarding plane network elements need to be migrated first.

[0102] The migration priority may refer to the migration order of the forwarding plane network elements calculated according to the service activity and service type.

[0103] Exemplarily, the vBRAS server may periodically collect information about currently active users of each forwarding plane network element through a monitoring tool or network management software to obtain service activity; the vBRAS server may monitor or analyze the specific services being processed by each forwarding plane network element to obtain the service type; the vBRAS server then determines the migration priority of each forwarding plane network element based on the service activity, service type, and a preset service activity threshold; the vBRAS server then selects the forwarding plane network elements to be migrated from the target forwarding plane in turn for migration in the order of the obtained migration priorities.

[0104] In this embodiment, by dynamically analyzing the service activity and service type of the forwarding plane network elements in the target forwarding plane network element pool, and then obtaining the migration priority based on the preset service activity threshold, service activity and service type, it can be ensured that the forwarding plane network elements migrated in the migration priority order are minimally affected during the migration, thereby improving the stability of the migration process and the migration efficiency.

[0105] In an exemplary embodiment, the step S22 above, performing the steps of obtaining the migration priority of each forwarding plane network element according to a preset service activity threshold, service activity, and service type, may specifically include the following steps:

[0106] Step S31, according to a preset service activity threshold, determining a forwarding plane network element with a service activity higher than the preset threshold as a first forwarding plane network element, and determining other forwarding plane network elements in a target forwarding plane network element pool except the first forwarding plane network element as a second forwarding plane network element.

[0107] Step S32: for the first forwarding plane network element, obtain the first service importance of the service type corresponding to the first forwarding plane network element, and obtain the first migration priority of the first forwarding plane network element according to the first service importance and the service activity of the first forwarding plane network element.

[0108] There is a positive correlation between the first service importance and the first migration priority, and a negative correlation between the service activity of the first forwarding plane network element and the first migration priority.

[0109] Step S33: For the second forwarding plane network element, obtain the second service importance of the service type corresponding to the second forwarding plane network element, and obtain the second migration priority of the first forwarding plane network element according to the second service importance and the service activity of the second forwarding plane network element.

[0110] There is a positive correlation between the second service importance and the second migration priority, and there is a positive correlation between the service activity of the second forwarding plane network element and the second migration priority.

[0111] Step S34: Determine the migration priority of each forwarding plane network element according to the first migration priority and the second migration priority.

[0112] Among them, the first forwarding plane network element may refer to a forwarding plane network element whose service activity is higher than the service activity threshold. The second forwarding plane network element may refer to a forwarding plane network element whose service activity is lower than or equal to the service activity threshold. The first service importance may refer to the importance of the service type associated with the first forwarding plane network element; the second importance may refer to the importance of the service type associated with the second forwarding plane network element. The first migration priority may refer to the priority value calculated based on the service activity of the first forwarding plane network element and the first service importance of the corresponding service. The higher the priority value, the higher the priority of migration. The second migration priority may refer to the priority value calculated based on the service activity of the second forwarding plane network element and the second service importance of the corresponding service. The higher the priority value, the higher the priority of migration.

[0113] Exemplarily, the vBRAS server divides the network elements in the target forwarding plane network element pool into two categories according to a preset service activity threshold, i.e., network elements with service activity higher than the service activity threshold are used as first forwarding plane network elements, and network elements with service activity lower than or equal to the service activity threshold are used as second forwarding plane network elements; then, for each first forwarding plane network element, a first migration priority is calculated based on its first service importance and service activity, wherein the first service importance is positively correlated with the first migration priority, i.e., the more important the service is, the higher the priority is, and the service activity of the first forwarding plane network element is negatively correlated with the first migration priority, i.e., the higher the service activity is, the lower the priority is. This is because if services with excessive activity (exceeding the service activity threshold) are migrated first, it may have a greater impact on existing services, and therefore the migration time should be postponed. For each second forwarding plane network element, the second migration priority is calculated based on its second service importance and service activity, wherein the second service importance is positively correlated with the second migration priority, that is, the more important the service, the higher the priority. The service activity of the second forwarding plane network element is positively correlated with the second migration priority, that is, the higher the service activity, the higher the priority. This is because network elements with low activity (not exceeding the service activity threshold) but important services can be migrated first to optimize resource allocation. Based on the first migration priority and the second migration priority calculated above, the migration priority of each forwarding plane network element is finally determined, for example, through algorithms such as sorting and weighted averaging, to ensure that the priority allocation is reasonable and meets actual needs. In other words, the service activity threshold can be used to prioritize the migration of forwarding plane network elements with high service importance but moderate service activity.

[0114] In this embodiment, the importance of business activity and business importance are comprehensively considered when determining the migration priority. Through reasonable classification and priority calculation, forwarding plane network elements that have less impact on existing services are migrated first, thereby improving the overall migration efficiency. For forwarding plane network elements with high business activity or complex business types, a gradual migration strategy is adopted to help maintain a stable service quality.

[0115] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application also provides a method for ensuring high reliability of services in a multi-instance scenario of a vBRAS control plane with separation of control and forwarding, and its application environment can be as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps can be as follows:

[0116] Pre-configuration: System initialization, vBRAS is deployed in a control-forwarding separation mode; CP is deployed in the cloud, and pUP is deployed as a dedicated hardware device pool; CU channel is deployed between CP and pUP to achieve management and control and information reporting; migration mode module is deployed between CP and pUP, and the default setting is closed.

[0117] ①, based on the old CP (first control plane network element) configuration, create a new pair of CPs (second control plane network elements) to manage one of the pUP pools (target forwarding plane network element pool) managed by the original CP; set the new CP and the pUP to be migrated to migration mode;

[0118] ②, the pUP to be migrated establishes a CU channel with the new CP;

[0119] ③, synchronize the user information on pUP to the new CP. At this time, the newly online user still goes online from the original CP, and the user information is synchronized from pUP to the new CP to achieve consistency of user information;

[0120] ④. After the synchronization is completed, the original CU channel configuration on the pUP and the old CP is deleted, and the pUP and the old CP channels are disconnected. When the new CP has managed the pUP to be migrated, the migration mode of the new CP and the pUP to be migrated is switched to closed, and users start to go online on the new CP through the pUP to be migrated;

[0121] ⑤, through the migration mode, the remaining UPs to be migrated in the UP pool are migrated in turn. The new CP synchronizes user information from the pUP to be migrated, and then the pUP is disconnected from the old CP and managed by the new CP. During the process, no user is disconnected and replayed, and then the user goes online on the new CP through the migrated UP. Repeat the above steps until all the UP pools to be migrated are migrated to the new CP. During the migration process, users on the UP will not be disconnected and traffic will not be interrupted.

[0122] The above-mentioned method for ensuring high reliability of services in the scenario of multiple instances of the control plane of the vBRAS with separation of control and forwarding is for the scenario of separation of control and forwarding vBRAS. When multiple instances of CP are realized and the pUP pool managed by the old CP needs to be migrated to the new CP, the migration mode module is deployed on the CP and pUP, and the migration mode is turned on. The new CP synchronizes user information from the pUP to be migrated to achieve user consistency assurance. In the migration mode, new users still go online from the old CP through the pUP to be migrated, and the information of new online users is also synchronized from the pUP to the new CP to achieve user consistency assurance and normal online of new users during the migration process. In the migration mode, after the synchronization is completed, the pUP is disconnected from the old CP and a CU channel is established with the new CP. The new user goes online from the new CP to avoid multiple disconnections and replays of users during the migration process, thereby achieving user consistency assurance, normal online of new users after migration, no disconnection of users on the migrated pUP, and maintaining traffic forwarding, meeting the high-reliability service assurance requirements of existing network deployment and operation.

[0123] It should be understood that, although the various steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-mentioned embodiments are displayed in sequence according to the indication of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in sequence according to the order indicated by the arrows. Unless there is a clear explanation in this article, the execution of these steps does not have a strict order restriction, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-mentioned embodiments can include multiple steps or multiple stages, and these steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and the execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily to be carried out in sequence, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a part of the steps or stages in other steps.

[0124] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a user migration device for implementing the user migration method involved above. The implementation scheme for solving the problem provided by the device is similar to the implementation scheme recorded in the above method, so the specific limitations in one or more user migration device embodiments provided below can refer to the limitations on the user migration method above, and will not be repeated here.

[0125] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, a user migration device 900 is provided, comprising: a network element generation module 901, a mode setting module 902 and an information synchronization module 903, wherein:

[0126] A network element generation module 901 is used to generate a second control plane network element for managing the target forwarding plane network element pool in response to a migration instruction for the target forwarding plane network element pool managed by the first control plane network element;

[0127] The mode setting module 902 is used to obtain the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool, and set the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode; the migration mode is used to indicate that the user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is synchronized to the second control plane network element;

[0128] The information synchronization module 903 is used to cancel the migration mode when the second control plane network element completes the user information synchronization, and return to execute the step of obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool until the user information of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool has been synchronized to the second control plane network element.

[0129] In an exemplary embodiment, the information synchronization module 903 is also used to send a user connection maintenance instruction to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated when the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization. The user connection maintenance instruction is used to instruct the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to maintain a traffic transmission connection with the user during the process of being disconnected from the first control plane network element and being managed to the second control plane network element; when the forwarding plane network element to be migrated has been managed to the second control plane network element, cancel the migration mode of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element.

[0130] In an exemplary embodiment, the information synchronization module 903 is also used to establish a communication connection between the second control plane network element and the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, and to instruct the second control plane network element to initiate a user information acquisition request to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated through the communication connection, so that the second control plane network element obtains the user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to complete the user information synchronization for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated.

[0131] In an exemplary embodiment, the user migration device also includes a request processing module, which is used to respond to a user online request for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, instruct the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to upload the user online request to the first control plane network element to obtain a response result of the first control plane network element to the user online request; when the response result indicates that the user agrees to go online, instruct the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to synchronize the user information carried in the user online request to the second control plane network element through the communication connection.

[0132] In an exemplary embodiment, the request processing module is also used to respond to a user online request for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, and instruct the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to upload the user online request to the second control plane network element to obtain a response result of the second control plane network element to the user online request.

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, the above-mentioned mode setting module 902 is also used to obtain the service activity of each forwarding plane network element in the above-mentioned target forwarding plane network element pool and the service type of the service currently running on each of the above-mentioned forwarding plane network elements; the above-mentioned service activity is used to characterize the activity level of users connected to the above-mentioned forwarding plane network elements; according to the preset service activity threshold, the above-mentioned service activity and the above-mentioned service type, the migration priority of each of the above-mentioned forwarding plane network elements is obtained; according to the above-mentioned migration priority, the forwarding plane network elements to be migrated are obtained from the above-mentioned target forwarding plane network element pool.

[0134] In an exemplary embodiment, the mode setting module 902 is further used to determine, according to a preset business activity threshold, a forwarding plane network element that is higher than the preset business activity threshold as a first forwarding plane network element, and to determine other forwarding plane network elements in the target forwarding plane network element pool except the first forwarding plane network element as second forwarding plane network elements; for the first forwarding plane network element, obtain a first business importance of a business type corresponding to the first forwarding plane network element, and obtain a first migration priority of the first forwarding plane network element according to the first business importance and the business activity of the first forwarding plane network element; the first business importance is positively correlated with the first migration priority. Correlation, the business activity of the above-mentioned first forwarding plane network element is negatively correlated with the above-mentioned first migration priority; for the above-mentioned second forwarding plane network element, the second business importance of the business type corresponding to the above-mentioned second forwarding plane network element is obtained, and the second migration priority of the above-mentioned first forwarding plane network element is obtained according to the above-mentioned second business importance and the business activity of the above-mentioned second forwarding plane network element; the above-mentioned second business importance is positively correlated with the above-mentioned second migration priority, and the business activity of the above-mentioned second forwarding plane network element is positively correlated with the above-mentioned second migration priority; according to the above-mentioned first migration priority and the above-mentioned second migration priority, the migration priority of each of the above-mentioned forwarding plane network elements is determined.

[0135] Each module in the above user migration device can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware or a combination thereof. Each module can be embedded in or independent of a processor in a computer device in the form of hardware, or can be stored in a memory in a computer device in the form of software, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0136] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided. The computer device may be a server, and its internal structure diagram may be as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input / output interface (Input / Output, referred to as I / O) and a communication interface. The processor, the memory and the input / output interface are connected through a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus through the input / output interface. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The input / output interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and an external device. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal through a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, a user migration method is implemented.

[0137] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 5 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.

[0138] In one embodiment, a computer device is further provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor implements the steps in the above method embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0139] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments are implemented.

[0140] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, which implements the steps in the above method embodiments when executed by a processor.

[0141] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0142] A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to the memory, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided in the present application can include at least one of non-volatile memory and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The database involved in each embodiment provided in this application may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include distributed databases based on blockchains, etc., but are not limited to this. The processor involved in each embodiment provided in this application may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, an artificial intelligence (AI) processor, etc., but are not limited to this.

[0143] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0144] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A user migration method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a vBRAS server including a control plane network element and a plurality of forwarding plane network element pools managed by the control plane network element, and includes: In response to a migration instruction for a target forwarding plane network element pool managed by the first control plane network element, generating a second control plane network element for managing the target forwarding plane network element pool; Acquire a forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool, and set the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode; the migration mode is used to indicate that user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is synchronized to the second control plane network element; When the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, the migration mode is canceled, and the step of obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool is returned to execute until the user information of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool has been synchronized to the second control plane network element.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The canceling the migration mode when the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization includes: When the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, sending a user connection maintenance instruction to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, wherein the user connection maintenance instruction is used to instruct the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to maintain a traffic transmission connection with the user during the process of disconnecting from the first control plane network element and being managed by the second control plane network element; In a case where the forwarding plane network element to be migrated has been managed by the second control plane network element, the migration mode of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element is canceled.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After setting the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode, the method further includes: Establish a communication connection between the second control plane network element and the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, and instruct the second control plane network element to initiate a user information acquisition request to the forwarding plane network element to be migrated through the communication connection, so that the second control plane network element obtains the user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to complete the user information synchronization for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that After setting the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode, the method further includes: In response to a user online request for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, instructing the forwarding plane network element to be migrated to upload the user online request to the first control plane network element to obtain a response result of the first control plane network element to the user online request; When the response result indicates that the user is allowed to go online, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is instructed to synchronize the user information carried in the user online request to the second control plane network element through the communication connection.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: After canceling the migration mode, the following steps are also included: In response to a user online request for the forwarding plane network element to be migrated, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is instructed to upload the user online request to the second control plane network element to obtain a response result of the second control plane network element to the user online request.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The acquiring the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool includes: Obtaining the service activity of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool and the service type of the service currently running on each forwarding plane network element; the service activity is used to characterize the activity level of the user connected to the forwarding plane network element; Obtaining the migration priority of each of the forwarding plane network elements according to a preset service activity threshold, the service activity, and the service type; According to the migration priority, the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is obtained from the target forwarding plane network element pool.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The obtaining, according to a preset service activity threshold, the service activity, and the service type, the migration priority of each forwarding plane network element includes: According to a preset service activity threshold, determining a forwarding plane network element whose service activity threshold is higher than the preset service activity threshold as a first forwarding plane network element, and determining other forwarding plane network elements in the target forwarding plane network element pool except the first forwarding plane network element as second forwarding plane network elements; For the first forwarding plane network element, obtain a first service importance of a service type corresponding to the first forwarding plane network element, and obtain a first migration priority of the first forwarding plane network element according to the first service importance and the service activity of the first forwarding plane network element; the first service importance is positively correlated with the first migration priority, and the service activity of the first forwarding plane network element is negatively correlated with the first migration priority; For the second forwarding plane network element, obtain a second service importance of the service type corresponding to the second forwarding plane network element, and obtain a second migration priority of the first forwarding plane network element according to the second service importance and the service activity of the second forwarding plane network element; the second service importance is positively correlated with the second migration priority, and the service activity of the second forwarding plane network element is positively correlated with the second migration priority; The migration priority of each of the forwarding plane network elements is determined according to the first migration priority and the second migration priority.

8. A user migration device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A network element generation module, configured to generate, in response to a migration instruction for a target forwarding plane network element pool managed by a first control plane network element, a second control plane network element for managing the target forwarding plane network element pool; A mode setting module, used to obtain the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool, and set the forwarding plane network element to be migrated and the second control plane network element to a migration mode; the migration mode is used to indicate that user information of the forwarding plane network element to be migrated is synchronized to the second control plane network element; An information synchronization module is used to cancel the migration mode when the second control plane network element completes user information synchronization, and return to execute the step of obtaining the forwarding plane network element to be migrated from the target forwarding plane network element pool until the user information of each forwarding plane network element in the target forwarding plane network element pool has been synchronized to the second control plane network element.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

11. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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