Power control for multi-panel simultaneous transmissions in wireless systems

Abstract

A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first set of simultaneous uplink (UL) grants for transmitting a first simultaneous transmission using a first set of two or more beams. The WTRU may transmit a first power headroom report (PHR) including a first power sharing indication. The first power sharing indication may indicate a first power sharing status for the first simultaneous transmission. The WTRU may receive a second set of simultaneous UL grants for transmitting a second simultaneous transmission. The second simultaneous transmission may be transmitted using a second set of two or more beams. The WTRU may determine a second power sharing state for the second simultaneous transmission. The WTRU may transmit a second PHR when the determined second power sharing state is different from the first power sharing state.

Description

[0001] Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 411,282, filed on September 29, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to power control of panel transmissions. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to power control of simultaneous transmissions of multiple panels in a wireless system.

[0004] Mobile communication systems have been designed to provide voice services while ensuring user activity. However, in addition to voice services, the coverage of mobile communication services has also been extended to data services, and the rapid growth of services has led to a lack of resources and user demand for high-speed services that require advanced mobile communication systems. Requirements for next-generation mobile communication systems may include supporting huge data services, significantly improving the transmission speed of each user, placing a significantly increased number of connected devices, very low end-to-end delay time, and high energy efficiency.

[0005] In order to meet the demand for increased wireless data services since the deployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved 5G or quasi-5G communication systems. Therefore, 5G or quasi-5G communication systems are also referred to as "super 4G networks" or "post-LTE systems". 5G communication systems are considered to be implemented in higher frequency (e.g., mmWave) bands (such as 60GHz bands) to achieve higher data rates. In order to reduce the propagation loss of radio waves and increase the transmission distance, beamforming, massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, analog beamforming, and massive antenna technology in 5G communication systems are discussed. In addition, in 5G communication systems, based on advanced small cells, cloud radio access networks (RAN), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communications, wireless backhaul, mobile networks, collaborative communications, coordinated multi-point (CoMP), receiving-end interference elimination, etc., system network improvements are being developed. In 5G systems, hybrid FSK and QAM modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) have been developed as advanced coding modulation (ACM), and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as advanced access technologies. Summary of the invention

[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of the invention related to one or more aspects and / or embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the following summary of the invention should neither be regarded as a broad overview related to all considered aspects and / or embodiments, nor should it be regarded as identifying key or extremely important elements related to all considered aspects and / or embodiments or delineating the scope associated with any particular aspect and / or embodiment. Therefore, the sole purpose of the following summary of the invention is to present certain concepts related to one or more aspects and / or embodiments disclosed herein in a simplified form before the specific embodiments presented below.

[0007] According to an exemplary aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) including a processor and a memory, the WTRU may be configured to determine one or more panel groups (Pg) based on one or more parameters. The WTRU may be configured to determine one or more Pg power capabilities, for example, based on the one or more panel groups (Pg). The WTRU may be configured to transmit Pg information, for example, based on the determined one or more Pg power capabilities and / or power sharing information.

[0008] According to an exemplary aspect, the WTRU may be configured to determine power information when a power limitation condition is met. The power information may include one or more of a maximum power reduction (MPR), a maximum output power (Pcmax) derived for one or more beam directions beam,i, and / or an application rule. The WTRU may be configured to switch the panel to the RF chain, for example, based on receiving an indication to switch the panel to the RF chain.

[0009] The WTRU may receive a first set of simultaneous uplink (UL) grants. The first set of simultaneous UL grants may be used, for example, to send a first simultaneous transmission using a first set of two or more beams. The WTRU may send a first power headroom report (PHR). The first PHR may include a first power sharing indication. The first power sharing indication may indicate, for example, a first power sharing state of the first simultaneous transmission. The WTRU may receive a second set of simultaneous UL grants, for example, to send a second simultaneous transmission. The second simultaneous transmission may be sent using a second set of two or more beams. The WTRU may determine, for example, a second power sharing state of the second simultaneous transmission. For example, when the determined second power sharing state is different from the first power sharing state, the WTRU may send a second PHR.

[0010] The second PHR may include a second power sharing indication. The second power sharing indication may indicate, for example, a second power sharing state for a second simultaneous transmission. The first PHR may include a first maximum power. The first maximum power may be associated with the first beam and / or the second maximum power may be associated with the second beam. The first beam and / or the second beam may be included in a first group of two or more beams.

[0011] The second PHR may include a third maximum power. The third maximum power may be associated with the third beam and / or the fourth maximum power. The fourth maximum power may be associated with the fourth beam. The third beam and / or the fourth beam may be included in the second group of two or more beams. The value of the first power sharing state and / or the second power sharing state may indicate true or false. The first beam and the third beam may include the same beam. The first group of two or more beams may be included in the first panel group. The value of the first power sharing state may be included in, for example, the first panel group based on the first group of two or more beams. The value of the first power sharing state may be additionally or alternatively based on the angle between the two or more beams. Simultaneous transmissions may overlap in the time domain. For example, simultaneous transmissions may be transmissions that overlap in time, transmissions that partially overlap in time, and / or transmissions that are slightly offset, for example due to timing advance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0013] Figure 1B is an example of an embodiment in which Figure 1A A system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within an illustrated communication system;

[0014] Figure 1C is an example of an embodiment in which Figure 1A A system diagram of an example Radio Access Network (RAN) and an example Core Network (CN) used within the illustrated communication system;

[0015] Figure 1D is an example of an embodiment in which Figure 1A A system diagram of another example RAN and another example CN used within the illustrated communication system;

[0016] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a possible case of panel grouping / layout.

[0017] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example scenario where a beam is served by 2 panel groups.

[0018] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating another example scenario where a beam is served by 2 panel groups.

[0019] Figure 5 is a flow chart illustrating an example process for panel group power sharing.

[0020] Figure 6is a diagram illustrating an example of definition of a single-entry PHR.

[0021] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an extended PHR version.

[0022] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of RB allocation that completely overlaps in the frequency domain.

[0023] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of RB allocation with overlaps of different sizes in the frequency domain.

[0024] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating an example of non-overlapping RB allocation in the frequency domain.

[0025] Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary implementation of a multi-panel WTRU with multiple antenna groups per panel.

[0026] Fig.12 is a table illustrating a set of exemplary power ratings for each panel and each antenna group.

[0027] Fig.13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a multi-panel WTRU with antenna switching capabilities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Figure 1A 1 is a diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources (including wireless bandwidth). For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail unique word DFT spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), etc.

[0029] like Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110 and other networks 112, but it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the UEs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which WTRUs may be referred to as “stations” and / or “STAs”) may be configured to send and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (WTRUs), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smart phones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated process chain environments), consumer electronic devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of the UEs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as WTRUs.

[0030] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device that is configured to interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, an NR Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it should be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0031] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to send and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of wireless services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Therefore, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to send and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0032] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0033] More specifically, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0034] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) that may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0035] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0036] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may together implement LTE radio access and NR radio access, for example using the dual connectivity (DC) principle. Thus, the air interface used by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions transmitted to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0037] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0038] Figure 1AThe base station 114b in the example may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business location, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a micro-micro cell base station or a femto cell base station. As Figure 1A As shown, base station 114b may have a direct connection to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b may not need to access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0039] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not described in detail in the text and video, the CN 106 / 115 may be configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Figure 1A Although not shown in the figure, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0040] The CN 106 / 115 may also act as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired communication networks and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0041] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The illustrated WTRU 102c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0042] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0043] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal decoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it is understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0044] The send / receive element 122 may be configured to send a signal to a base station (e.g., base station 114a) or receive a signal from the base station by an air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the send / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to send and / or receive an RF signal. In one embodiment, the send / receive element 122 may be a transmitter / detector configured to send and / or receive, for example, IR, UV or visible light signals. In another embodiment, the send / receive element 122 may be configured to send and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It should be understood that the send / receive element 122 may be configured to send and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0045] Although the transmit / receive element 122 Figure 1B Although depicted as a single element in the figure, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0046] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. For example, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0047] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in a memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0048] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0049] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0050] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software modules and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. Peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0051] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference via signal processing performed by hardware (e.g., a choke) or via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via the processor 118). In one embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0052] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 in accordance with an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0053] The RAN 104 may include evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of evolved Node-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the evolved Node-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0054] Each of the evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, etc. Figure 1C As shown, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another via an X2 interface.

[0055] Figure 1C The illustrated CN 106 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as being part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0056] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the evolved Node-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0057] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during an inter-evolved Node-B handover, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0058] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0059] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may be in communication with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired networks and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0060] Although the WTRU Figures 1A to 1D Although described as wireless terminals, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments, such terminals may (eg, temporarily or permanently) use a wired communications interface with a communications network.

[0061] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0062] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic to and / or carries traffic away from the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS and going to the STA may be reached by the AP and may be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from the STA and going to a target outside the BSS may be transmitted to the AP to be delivered to the corresponding target. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be transmitted by the AP, for example, wherein the source STA may transmit traffic to the AP, and the AP may deliver traffic to the target STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic may be transmitted between the source STA and the target STA (e.g., directly between them) using a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunnel DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs within or using the IBSS (eg, all STAs in the STA) may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad hoc" communication mode.

[0063] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure operation mode or a similar operation mode, the AP may send beacons on a fixed channel (such as a primary channel). The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be a working channel of the BSS and may be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access / collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, a STA (e.g., each STA) (including the AP) may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0064] High throughput (HT) STAs may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0065] Very high throughput (VHT) STA can support 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and / or 160MHz wide channels. 40MHz channels and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining continuous 20MHz channels. 160MHz channels can be formed by combining 8 continuous 20MHz channels, or by combining two non-continuous 80MHz channels (this can be called 80+80 configuration). For 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a segment parser that can divide the data into two streams. Each stream can be processed by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and time domain processing separately. These streams can be mapped to two 80MHz channels, and the data can be sent by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above-mentioned operation for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be transmitted to the medium access control (MAC).

[0066] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1GHz. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support instrument type control / machine type communications, such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support for (e.g., only support for) certain bandwidths and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0067] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) include channels that can be designated as primary channels. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA (which supports the minimum bandwidth operation mode) from all STAs operating in the BSS. In the example of 802.11ah, for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1MHz mode, the primary channel may be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operation modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because a STA (supporting only a 1MHz operation mode) is sending to the AP, the entire available band may be considered busy even if most of the band remains idle and may be available.

[0068] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0069] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 in accordance with an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0070] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to send signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to send wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0071] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with parameter sets that may be scalable. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmit time intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or varying absolute time lengths over time).

[0072] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while not accessing other RANs (e.g., such as the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may use one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as the eNodeB 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNodeB 160a, 160b, 160c may act as a mobility anchor for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0073] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[0074] Figure 1DThe illustrated CN 115 may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possible data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0075] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, support of network slicing (e.g., handling of different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, management of registration areas, termination of NAS signaling and mobility management, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing to customize CN support for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of services utilized by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine type communication (MTC) access, etc. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0076] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b, and configure traffic routing through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating WTRU IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notification, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0077] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, etc.

[0078] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or may communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired networks and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b via the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and the N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0079] Given that Figures 1A to 1D as well as Figures 1A to 1D , one or more or all of the functions described herein for one or more of the following may be performed by one or more simulation devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-102d, base station 114a-114b, evolved Node B 160a-160c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-180c, AMF 182a-182ab, UPF 184a-184b, SMF 183a-183b, DN 185a-185b and / or any other device described herein. The simulation device may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the simulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0080] The simulation device may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. One or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may use over-the-air wireless communications to perform testing.

[0081] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more (including all) functions without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. One or more simulation devices can be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via an RF circuit system (e.g., which can include one or more antennas) can be used by the simulation device to send and / or receive data.

[0082] The WTRU may receive a first set of simultaneous uplink (UL) grants. The first set of simultaneous UL grants may be used, for example, to send a first simultaneous transmission using a first set of two or more beams. The WTRU may send a first power headroom report (PHR). The first PHR may include a first power sharing indication. The first power sharing indication may indicate, for example, a first power sharing state of the first simultaneous transmission. The WTRU may receive a second set of simultaneous UL grants, for example, to send a second simultaneous transmission. The second simultaneous transmission may be sent using a second set of two or more beams. The WTRU may determine, for example, a second power sharing state of the second simultaneous transmission. For example, when the determined second power sharing state is different from the first power sharing state, the WTRU may send a second PHR.

[0083] The second PHR may include a second power sharing indication. The second power sharing indication may indicate, for example, a second power sharing state for a second simultaneous transmission. The first PHR may include a first maximum power. The first maximum power may be associated with the first beam and / or the second maximum power may be associated with the second beam. The first beam and / or the second beam may be included in a first group of two or more beams.

[0084] The second PHR may include a third maximum power. The third maximum power may be associated with the third beam and / or the fourth maximum power. The fourth maximum power may be associated with the fourth beam. The third beam and / or the fourth beam may be included in the second group of two or more beams. The value of the first power sharing state and / or the second power sharing state may indicate true or false. The first beam and the third beam may include the same beam. The first group of two or more beams may be included in the first panel group. The value of the first power sharing state may be included in, for example, the first panel group based on the first group of two or more beams. The value of the first power sharing state may be additionally or alternatively based on the angle between the two or more beams. Simultaneous transmissions may overlap in the time domain. Simultaneous transmissions may be transmissions that overlap in time, transmissions that partially overlap in time, and / or transmissions that are slightly offset, for example due to timing advance.

[0085] A multiple transmit / receive point (mTRP) includes TRPs that share the same physical cell identity (PCI). A unified transmit configuration indicator (TCI) concept may allow faster and / or more efficient management of TCI states and beam management. Reception from a TRP may include a cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix may allow, for example, (e.g., full) timing synchronization assumptions between TRPs. In one example, simultaneous transmissions from multiple panels may not be allowed and / or power control may not be affected.

[0086] The deployment may be diversified, for example, by utilizing (e.g., two) timing advance (TA) loops. For example, the TA loop may be used with one or more of (e.g., two) non-co-located TRPs, (e.g., two) WTRU panels, (e.g., up to 4) UL MIMO layers, (e.g., two) layers per panel, mDCI (multi-DCI) reception, simultaneous / overlapped PUSCH+PUSCH and / or PUCCH-PUCCH UL transmissions.

[0087] For WTRU power control, different methods for power limiting may be used, such as for STxMP. Power limiting may be used per panel (e.g., for STxMP). An aggregate power limit per WTRU across all WTRU panels may be used (e.g., for STxMP). Different methods may include (e.g., generate) different rules and / or calculations.

[0088] For example, in the WTRU RF specification, Pcmax for UL MIMO may include the configured maximum output power P for serving cell c. CMAX,c. The configured maximum output power may be the sum of all streams and / or may be constrained by limits. Pcmax for UL MIMO may be used for a WTRU configured for 2-layer transmission and / or a WTRU configured for single-layer uplink full power transmission (ULFPTx). A single carrier Pcmax may include a WTRU configured for its maximum output power. The configured WTRU maximum output power Pcmax for carrier f serving cell c CMAX,f,c The power available for a reference point may be included, such as the power of a (eg, given) transmitter branch. The reference point may correspond to a reference point for RSRP measurements of higher layer filtering.

[0089] The configured WTRU maximum output power P for carrier f serving cell c CMAX,f,c may include (e.g., be set to) such that the corresponding measured peak EIRP P UMAX,f,c For example, the corresponding measured peak EIRP P UMAX,f,c Can include P Powerclass +DP IBE –MAX(MAX(MPR f,c ,A-MPR f,c ,)+ΔMB P,n ,P-MPR f,c )–MAX{T(MAX(MPR f,c ,A-MPR f,c ,)),T(P-MPR f,c )}≤P UMAX,f,c ≤EIRP max The corresponding measured total radiated power P TMAX,f,c Can be P TMAX,f,c ≤TRP maxDefined. Pcmax can be measured at a reference point in space, which can be linked to RSRP filtered by a higher layer, for example. Path loss can be defined for a desired and / or unique transmission direction / beam. The UL MIMO Pcmax requirement can include (e.g., be limited to) two layers of transmission. The UL MIMO Pcmax requirement can target 4 layers of transmission and / or can use (e.g., up to two) codewords across all panels. The examples herein can be applied to one or more of FWA (fixed wireless access), CPE (customer premises equipment), vehicle and / or industrial equipment type WTRUs. The example devices (e.g., device types) can have different power levels and / or can have different antenna panel designs. For example, for vehicle types, a distribution panel system (DAS) can be adopted, and / or the DAS can have panels distributed on (e.g., four) sides of the top of the car. The panels can cover 360 degrees in azimuth and / or 0 degrees-80 degrees or 90 degrees in elevation in a combined mode. There may be potential power limitations for each panel and / or each WTRU. There may be (e.g., both) a power limit per panel for STxMP, and / or an aggregate power limit per WTRU, e.g., across all WTRU panels for STxMP. One or more device types may, e.g., group their panels at a (e.g., certain) level. Panels may be combined to achieve (e.g., certain) directionality. There may not be a clear directionality split for a panel. A (e.g., specific) grouping of panel ports that may be associated with an SRI resource may be utilized, e.g., to calculate the total power per allocated port.

[0090] For example, when the STxMP feature is supported in a multi-DCI scenario, one or more panel port groupings may be associated with the WTRU capability. A single transmission in a single direction / beam may be allowed. For example, the Pcmax in the WTRU RF specification for FR2 (e.g., frequencies above 24 GHz) may be associated with (e.g., governed by) one or more of the EIRPmin, EIRPmax, and / or TRPmax limits. The spherical coverage requirement may be associated with the beam steering capability of the WTRU.

[0091] Scaling procedures and / or priority solutions are disclosed herein. For example, in a transmission system with multiple TAs, where, for example, reception and transmission may exceed CP (cyclic prefix), overlapping simultaneous UL transmissions on multiple panels (e.g., STxMP) with up to four layers and / or two codewords may pose new challenges to power control.

[0092] One or more groups of panel ports associated with an SRI resource may be configured to calculate a total power, for example based on the assigned ports. Panel groupings may be reported to the network, for example including and / or based on power class capabilities and / or power sharing. A power control process is disclosed herein. For example, a power control process may be utilized when there is (e.g., both) a power limit per panel for STxMP and / or a total power limit per WTRU across all WTRU panels for STxMP is feasible. For example, in the context of STxMP, coexistence mitigation measures (e.g., maximum power reduction (MPR)) may be applied.

[0093] The WTRU may have the capability to be used for STxMP within a multi-DCI context. There may be one or more gNB scheduler parameters. The gNB scheduler parameters may include one or more of a WTRU maximum power and / or how the WTRU maximum power may be achieved (e.g., per panel and / or per WTRU). The one or more gNB parameters may convey (e.g., notify) a message to the scheduler about how one or more of MPR, A-MPR, and / or P-MPR is to be applied. The one or more gNB parameters may be configured for (e.g., allowing) uplink grant scheduling convergence, e.g., in terms of coverage and / or target BLER.

[0094] The WTRU may have capabilities for panel grouping and / or panel group power sharing. For example, in a multi-TRP scenario, the WTRU may support 2 sets of power control parameters (e.g., for UL multi-TRP cases). Simultaneous UL transmissions from multiple panels (e.g., STxMP) may be addressed. Panel grouping may be considered. Panel grouping may be determined at least in part by panel design characteristics. Panel design characteristics may include one or more of coherence, incoherence, panel layout, panel groups capable of serving common beams, and / or panel groups capable of serving TCIs. The term panel group (Pg) may be used generally herein. The panel group described herein may include one or more panels.

[0095] There can be one or more panel groupings / layouts. Figure 2 is an example table 200 depicting examples of possible panel groupings and / or layouts. For example, in Figure 2, three cases 210, 220, 230 are described for 1, 2 or 4 panel groups and associated layouts. For example, case 3 at 230 may be associated with a vehicle device. The device may have 4 different panels, for example for each direction 90 degrees from each other in the horizontal plane, for a total of 360 degrees of azimuth coverage. There may be WTRU capabilities, for example describing the number of panel groups that the WTRU can support and / or how two simultaneous UL powers may be calculated. The power sharing capabilities may include the maximum number of panel groups that can share power at the EIRP level and / or the number of panel groups that serve the same beam or TCI.

[0096] The total power EIRP for UL beams supporting UL MIMO may be determined based on the power on all power allocated ports (e.g., calculated as the sum of the powers). PUSCH and / or PUCCH power may be split, for example, among panel ports with non-zero allocations. It may be important to know whether SRS and / or SRI resources are equally spread along the panel group, and / or whether SRS or SRI resources may become unbalanced, for example, due to beams served by single and / or multiple panel groups.

[0097] At 230, the WTRU may declare 4 panel groups (Pgs), and / or, for example, a maximum of 2 Pgs may serve a beam. The panel group power capability may be associated with one or more of a WTRU class, a power class class, and / or a global requirement (e.g., minimum EIRP, maximum EIRP, and / or maximum TRP). For example, the WTRU may declare 4 Pgs, a maximum of 2 Pgs for beam service, and / or each panel group may reach full power class by itself. In some examples, if 2 Pgs serve the same beam (e.g., and / or TCI), this may be interpreted as 2 Pgs sharing power and / or may be limited by a single EIRP / TRPmax requirement. The indication may be a signaling bit Pg,max power sharing, which may include one or more of the following: panel group Pg at 230 = 4; beam serving maximum Pg,max = 2; and / or maximum power sharing = 0 or 1 (e.g., false or true).

[0098] Figure 3is a diagram of an example scenario 300 illustrating beams. One or more of beam 310, beam 320, and beam 330 may be served by 2 panel groups 302. The 2 panel groups 302 may individually have the capability of power level to Pg,max power sharing, which may, for example, have a true or false parameter. For example, if Pg,max power sharing is true, each declared beam serving panel group may meet (e.g., individually) the power level requirement for the WTRU power class (e.g., when serving the same beam / TCI (e.g., Pg,max=2)). The power level requirement may be (e.g., globally) for EIRPmax and / or TRPmax. Power sharing between different beams may be utilized. Beam 330 may be served by a panel group that shares EIRP power in STxMP. Alternatively or in addition, if beam 310 and beam 320 are served by panel groups, where each panel group is capable of providing full power class and / or the WTRU is configured to utilize EIRP power sharing, then, for example, Pg,max power sharing = true may be declared (e.g., power sharing may exist). If Pg,max power sharing is false, then, for example, when serving the same beam / TCI, the declared beam serving Pg,max panel group may (e.g., only) globally (e.g., together across all active beams) achieve the power class requirement for the WTRU power class. Power sharing between beams may not be required. Beam 330 may be served by panel groups in STxMP that may not share EIRP power, for example because they may only achieve a power class level together. Alternatively or in addition, the WTRU generally determines power sharing, for example based on the WTRU antenna / panel specific implementation. For example, regarding power sharing, the WTRU may determine that EIRPmax and / or TRPmax may be shared individually or collectively, and / or the power sharing indication may involve certain actions from the WTRU that may be reflected in the Pcmax calculation. The solution proposed herein may allow for such flexibility.

[0099] A combination of parameters and / or power capabilities for WTRU panels may be used in connection with STxMP for multiple TRPs, for example in an mDCI scenario. One or more parameters may be selected. These parameters may include one or more of the following: support for more than CP UL 2xTx (e.g., each Tx represents a set of panels), with overlap for the mDCI case of multiple TRPs; support for 2 FTT modules and radio chains; support for gaps or no gaps for measurements (e.g., required) (e.g., this may be equivalent to 2 FFT modules and radio chains); panel groups (e.g., 1, 2, 4, ...); beam service maximum Pg (Pg,max<=Pg); and / or Pg,max power sharing.

[0100] The WTRU may indicate (e.g., explicitly) the (e.g., maximum) number of simultaneous beams that may be served. The WTRU may indicate (e.g., explicitly) each possible panel group combination characteristic based on power sharing. For example, the WTRU may indicate (e.g., explicitly) measurement capabilities. For example, after receiving a WTRU capability report (e.g., upon receiving a WTRU capability report), the network may configure the WTRU for multi-TRP STxMP operation. The network may configure the WTRU for multi-TRP STxMP operation, for example, by splitting the SRI and SRS sets based on (e.g., as described) panel grouping and / or Pg power sharing capabilities. The panel grouping and / or Pg power sharing capabilities may allow the scheduler to determine (e.g., clearly understand) Pcmax calculations, PHRs, and / or power sharing / scaling.

[0101] The Pg,max parameter may be dynamic (e.g., variable), e.g., due to the WTRU panel physical antenna / panel layout. It may be beneficial to understand how power calculation and sharing may change, e.g., based on beam measurement reports, beam failure recovery, and / or new beam service, one or more of Pg,max and / or Pg and / or maximum power sharing parameters.

[0102] A power control change procedure may be performed, such as for a beam change in a panel grouping (Pg) context. The WTRU may determine (e.g., calculate) the Pcmax for each active beam direction. For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., calculate) the Pcmax for each active beam direction differently. The determination of the Pcmax for each active beam direction may be based on the WTRU capabilities for multi-TRP STxMP scenarios, such as related to panel grouping and power sharing. For example, when the condition of the serving beam changes due to a beam failure or a beam change (e.g., based on a TCI indication), the WTRU may signal / give feedback on the status of the Pg,max for the new beam and / or related Pg,max parameters.

[0103] The WTRU may provide feedback for the Pg,max parameter. The WTRU may trigger a PHR report. The PHR report may include the (e.g., new) Pg,max power sharing state of the (e.g., new) beam. For example, the WTRU may indicate the new Pg,max power sharing state of the new beam in the first PHR report for the newly active beam. A change in the Pg,max power sharing of the beam may trigger a PHR report, e.g., with a new Pg,max power sharing state. Whether a change in Pg,max triggers a PHR report may be affected by, for example, a configurable threshold. For example, if the change in Pg,max power sharing exceeds a configured value (e.g., a Pgmax threshold), the WTRU may trigger a PHR report with a new Pg,max power sharing state.

[0104] There may be (e.g., two) beams that may have their own Pcmax,beam,i definitions and thus, for example, PHR may be enhanced for multiple TRPs within a cell. There may be a single cell (e.g., one PCI and its associated SSBs and secondary TRPs without SSBs). Single entry PHR reporting may be enhanced to support (e.g., two) beam-related Pcmax and / or PH (power headroom).

[0105] Figure 4 4 is a diagram of another example scenario 400 illustrating beams (e.g., such as beams 410, 420, 430) served by 2 panel groups. One or more of beam 410, beam 420, and beam 430 may be served by one or more of 2 panel groups 404, 406. WTRU 402 may send (e.g., declare) WTRU STxMP capabilities, for example, to the gNB. The STxMP capabilities may include panel group 404 including a full power panel group and / or panel group 406 including a full power panel group. WTRU 402 may receive an indication of simultaneous transmission. Alternatively or in addition, WTRU 402 may determine to transmit simultaneously. The indication may be to transmit to TRP 1 (e.g., beam 1: TCI-1) and TRP 2 (e.g., beam 2: TCI-2) simultaneously. The simultaneous transmission may include transmission of beam 410 and / or beam 420. For example, beam 410 may be transmitted to TRP 1 (e.g., TCI-1) and / or beam 420 may be transmitted to TRP 2 (e.g., TCI-2). The simultaneous transmissions may overlap in the time domain. For example, the simultaneous transmissions may be transmissions that overlap in time, transmissions that partially overlap in time, and / or transmissions that are slightly offset, for example due to a timing advance. The WTRU may send a PHR (e.g., one or more triggers), for example, using Pcmax,1 for TCI-1 and / or Pcmax,2 for TCI-2. For example, based on transmitting using beam 410 and / or beam 420 (e.g., based on panel group 1 serving beam 1, beam 2, and / or the angle AoD 1-2 between the beams), the power sharing bit may be set to true. For example, if beam 410 is weak and / or fails, the WTRU 402 may receive an indication to transmit to both TRP 2 (e.g., beam 420: TCI-2) and TRP 3 (e.g., beam 430: TCI-3). The WTRU 402 may send a PHR (e.g., based on one or more triggers), such as using Pcmax,2 for TCI-2 and / or Pcmax,3 for TCI-3. The power sharing bit may be set to false, for example, based on / due to the WTRU being able to provide full power and / or maximum EIRP per beam.

[0106] Figure 5 5 is a flow chart of an example process 500. At 502, the WTRU may transmit an indication of STxMP capabilities to the gNB. The capabilities may include Panel Group 1 - Full Power and / or Panel Group 2 - Full Power. At 504, the WTRU may receive an indication to transmit to TRP1 (e.g., beam 1: TCI-1) and TRP 2 (e.g., beam 2: TCI-2) simultaneously. At 506, the WTRU may transmit a PHR (e.g., any trigger) using Pcmax,1 for TCI-1 and / or Pcmax,2 for TCI-2. For example, based on transmitting using beam 1 and beam 2 (e.g., based on panel group 1 serving beam 1, beam 2, and / or the angle between the beams), the power sharing bit may be set to true. At 508, the WTRU may receive an indication to transmit to TRP 1 (e.g., beam 2: TCI-2) and TRP 3 (e.g., beam 2: TCI-1) simultaneously. The WTRU may determine that the power sharing requirement has changed (e.g., not required) and / or a PHR may be triggered, for example, based on transmitting using beam 2 and / or beam 3. At 510, the WTRU may transmit a PHR (e.g., based on a trigger), such as using Pcmax,2 for TCI-2 and / or Pcmax,3 for TCI-3. The power sharing bit may be set to false (e.g., the WTRU is now able to provide full power / maximum EIRP power per beam).

[0107] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of a single-entry PHR. Figure 7 700 is a diagram illustrating an example of an extended PHR version. For example, if there are two TRPs in a multi-TRP configuration capable of STxMP operation, the network may support the extended PHR version. Figure 7 As shown, R may be a reserved bit, for example, may be set to 0. A maximum permitted exposure (MPE) is also shown.

[0108] The reserved bit may be used to signal the Pg,max power sharing state. For example, in multi-TRP operation with STxMP, the use and reinterpretation of the reserved bit as the Pg,max power sharing state (e.g., true or false) and / or the format of the extended MAC CE may be regulated by the configuration of the WTRU. The R bit may indicate, for example, the panel group power sharing state associated with the WTRU power class capability of each beam.

[0109] Multi-TRP operation may be intra-cell or inter-cell and / or the WTRU may transmit PHR reports to both cells in the inter-cell case and only to the pTRP (e.g., anchor TRP) in the intra-cell configuration, for example. For example, if the network or WTRU triggers a PHR report for the Pg,max power sharing state and / or the WTRU is configured for multi-TRP inter-cell and / or there is only one valid UL grant, the report may be sent on the currently received grant and / or at the first valid UL grant for the beam with a power state change. For example, if (only) the trigger is for a beam with a power sharing state change and / or an allocated grant, the report may be sent on the currently received grant. For example, if the trigger is not for a beam with a power sharing state change and / or an allocated grant, the report may be sent (e.g., only) at the first valid UL grant for the beam with a power state change. For example, if the WTRU is configured for multi-TRP inter-cell operation, the WTRU may be configured with two separate PHR prohibit timers (e.g., each cell configures and maintains the prohibit timer). For example, if the network and / or the WTRU triggers a PHR report for the Pg,max power sharing state and / or the WTRU is configured for multi-TRP inter-cell, and / or if the prohibit timer is running for one cell, the WTRU may report the PHR on the cell where the prohibit timer is not currently running. The WTRU may wait until the prohibit timer expires and / or send the PHR report on the next appropriate UL grant (e.g., after the prohibit timer expires), for example, regardless of the status of the prohibit timers on other cells. For example, if both prohibit timers are running, the WTRU may send the PHR report on the next appropriate UL grant on the cell where the prohibit timer may expire first. The WTRU actions and / or processes herein may be based on one or more of the configuration, the content of the PHR report, the trigger that caused the PHR report, and / or the characteristics of the cell (e.g., whether a cell is a primary cell).

[0110] The WTRU may adjust periodic PHR reporting (e.g., via modification of the operation of a phr periodic timer), for example, to avoid excessive PHR reporting. If the WTRU is configured with multi-TRP inter-cell operation, the WTRU may adjust periodic PHR reporting. For example, if the WTRU is configured with multi-TRP inter-cell operation, the WTRU may extend the periodicity of the periodic reporting (e.g., via application of a scaling factor and / or by setting a timer duration to an alternative value). For example, if the WTRU is configured with multi-TRP inter-cell operation, the WTRU may trigger PHR reporting to two cells (e.g., upon expiration of a periodic timer). The WTRU may configure periodic reporting for each cell (e.g., independently). Periodicity and / or timer maintenance may be configured and / or processed for each cell (e.g., independently). For example, upon expiration of a periodic timer, the WTRU may report a PHR to the cell corresponding to the expired timer. The functionality of a cell may trigger a PHR report to, for example, one cell (e.g., the cell in which it is configured or reconfigured) or two cells. For example, if the WTRU is configured with multi-TRP inter-cell operation, when configuring or reconfiguring power headroom reporting, the functionality of one cell may trigger a PHR report to, for example, one cell (e.g., the cell in which it is configured or reconfigured) or both cells. For example, if the WTRU is configured with multi-TRP inter-cell operation, once (e.g., only) a PHR has been (e.g., successfully) sent on both cells, the WTRU may cancel all triggered PHRs. For example, when a PHR is sent on one cell, the WTRU may cancel (e.g., all) remaining PHR reports triggered for the same cell (e.g., a triggered PHR for another cell may not be canceled).

[0111] Aperiodic PHR may be commanded by the network. The network may (e.g., alternatively or in addition) trigger / command aperiodic PHR reporting upon one or more of the following: TCI activation, beam failure recovery, and / or beam change. For example, for a specific beam that may be determined based on the type or aperiodic PHR command, the aperiodic PHR may include a panel group power sharing status bit. The WTRU may report (e.g., only) that specific beam and / or TCI, for example if a DCI is received in a coreset (control resource set) or coreset pool specified for a specific beam. Alternatively or in addition, the WTRU may report a PHR for (e.g., both) UL beams based on any DCI command received on any relevant beam. The network may command aperiodic PHR reporting using DCI, MAC CE commands, and / or using specific triggers, for example, in conjunction with an RRC configuration as described herein.

[0112] The WTRU may be configured with a multi-TRP related PHR format, for example, at the RRC level. The PHR may be triggered based on one or more of a beam change, a beam activation, a service panel group state change, and / or a TCI activation. The PHR may be sent based on one or more of: upon receiving a dual UL simultaneous grant for two beams / TCIs, and / or upon receiving the first UL grant for any active beam.

[0113] Aperiodic PHR reporting commanded by the network may provide resources. These resources may be used to send the PHR report. For example, if aperiodic PHR reporting is triggered via a MAC CE, the MAC CE may contain an UL grant for the transmission of the requested PHR. Aperiodic PHR reporting may indicate the PHR format to be used, and / or whether to report the PHR on one cell or on two cells (e.g., in the case of multi-TRP inter-cell operation).

[0114] The panel group power sharing state may form at least part of a (e.g., new) report. The panel group power sharing state may include a (e.g., new) report, which may be triggered, for example, like a PHR, and / or may have a different format (e.g., partially or completely). Additionally or alternatively, the panel group power sharing state may be appended / included (e.g., piggybacked) with a panel measurement related message. The panel group power sharing state may be added to one or more beam measurement reports, for example to an RRM measurement value with L3 filtering. The panel group power sharing state may be a (e.g., new) MAC CE report, which may, for example, contain the active beam Pg,max power sharing state. Additionally or alternatively, the report may contain (e.g., all) measurement beams associated with the Pg,max power sharing state. Based on the configuration, the panel group power sharing may be included with the RRM measurement report (e.g., included within the RRM measurement report) or not included with the RRM measurement report (e.g., included within the RRM measurement report). The WTRU may include one or more beam measurement reports (e.g., based on an event that triggers an RRM measurement report). Panel group power sharing may be included (e.g., only) for event-triggered RRM reports and / or periodic reports. One or more new RRM reports may be defined, wherein when an event is met, the WTRU may transmit, for example, an RRM report including panel group power sharing. The panel group power sharing level may be changed by a fixed amount from a previously reported panel group power sharing level. The WTRU may indicate a Pg max power sharing state in an L1-RSRP report, such as in the CSI. For example, if the CSI report has an assigned priority, the priority of the beam measurement may be one or more of: including a changed power sharing change, being the most recently reported, and / or being higher than a regular L1-RSRP report (e.g., there may be no Pg max power sharing state change).

[0115] For example, for Pg indication, the panel index parameter may be reinterpreted in the CSI beam report. The WTRU may include (e.g., append) one or more reports in a (e.g., usual) beam measurement report (e.g., L1 beam and / or CSI report). One or more reports may include one or more of the quantity parameters and / or values ​​based on at least one of the following: a preferred panel index (e.g., and / or a corresponding WTRU capability index associated with an antenna group and / or WTRU panel); a preferred beam index; a beam strength / quality metric (e.g., L1-RSRP, L1-SINR); Pg, beam serving maximum Pg (Pg,max); and / or Pg,max power sharing potential state. The WTRU may report the panel index, for example, in the CSI report together with the beam measurement. For example, while maintaining backward compatibility, the signaling may be reinterpreted and / or enhanced and / or modified based on panel grouping (e.g., instead of panel). Additionally or alternatively, the panel grouping may include Pg and / or Pg serving beams, and / or signaling may be reinterpreted (or enhanced or modified) based on the panel grouping.

[0116] The WTRU may report beam measurements using the interpretation herein. For example, if the WTRU capability indicates Pg,max=1, the interpretation of the panel index may remain as is and / or may be a panel index and / or a single panel group serving each beam. The WTRU may, for example, report one or more of the following in a (e.g., L1) beam and / or CSI reporting instance: a preferred panel index set to 0, a preferred beam index 3 (e.g., associated with panel index=0), and / or a value of a beam strength / quality metric. The reported panel index 0 may be interpreted as the WTRU's preferred panel selection for panel index 0 among multiple panel indexes (e.g., based on the WTRU capability, e.g., a corresponding WTRU capability index associated with an antenna group and / or a WTRU panel). The WTRU may, for example, report one or more of the following in a (e.g., L1) beam and / or CSI reporting instance: a preferred panel index set to 1, a preferred beam index 5 (e.g., associated with panel index=1), and / or a value of a beam strength / quality metric. The reported panel index 1 may be interpreted as the WTRU's preferred panel selection of panel index 1 among multiple panel indices.

[0117] The WTRU may report beam measurements, for example, when configuring multi-TRP STxMP operation. For example, if the WTRU capability indicates Pg,max>1, the interpretation of the panel index may be a panel grouping based on the WTRU capability and / or the indication may be embedded with the Pg,max power sharing state (e.g., a bit may be required). The WTRU may receive configuration and / or indications on how each panel index used, for example, for (e.g., L1) beam and / or CSI reporting may be reinterpreted (e.g., associated and / or mapped) to convey panel grouping related information (e.g., not a single panel selection). The panel index may be reinterpreted as a panel group index. The panel group index may be configured and / or indicated to point to one or more panel indexes (e.g., as a combination). The WTRU may receive a dynamic indication (e.g., via MAC-CE and / or DCI) of a mapping between a panel group index and one or more panel indexes (e.g., as a combination). Panel index 0 (e.g., used for (L1) beam and / or CSI reporting) can be reinterpreted (e.g., in the case of Pg,max>1) as panel group index 0, which can, for example, indicate a combination of panel index 0 and panel index 1. Panel index 1 (e.g., used for (L1) beam and / or CSI reporting) can be reinterpreted (e.g., in the case of Pg,max>1) as panel group index 1, which can, for example, indicate a combination of panel index 1 and panel index 2.

[0118] The Pg,max parameter may be reported in a (e.g., L1) beam and / or CSI report. For example, the Pg,max parameter may be of a dynamic nature due to the WTRU panel physical antenna / panel layout. For example, when the WTRU reports a Pg,max parameter that is set to greater than one, the WTRU may apply a reinterpretation of the panel index (e.g., applied to the panel group index). The WTRU may be configured and / or instructed to report the Pg,max power sharing parameter in a (e.g., L1) beam and / or CSI report.

[0119] The network may control panel group assignments. For example, upon receipt of a WTRU capability report and / or (e.g., subsequent) beam-related measurements, the network may configure the WTRU panel group by assigning the WTRU panel group to a (e.g., a specific) TCI or TCI group. The TCI may be configured by the RRC to a (e.g., a specific) WTRU declared panel group. The WTRU declared panel group may meet power capability criteria (e.g., power sharing or non-sharing) and / or may be based on a measurement report, which may, for example, have an embedded indication of the serving panel group for the measurement.

[0120] For example, when a panel group is semi-statically assigned to a configured TCI and / or when a TCI is activated by a MAC CE command, the corresponding panel group may be activated (e.g., also activated). For example, if a panel group is activated for the first time, there may be an activation delay before the first transmission may occur. For example, there may be a scheduling delay. The scheduling readiness state of the panel group may be signaled by an ACK for TCI activation and / or a supplementary fixed time delay after the TCI activation confirmation. The delay may be counted in a number of symbols and / or time slots. For example, after the delay, the panel group may be considered ready for scheduling.

[0121] MPR application rules may be followed. For example, in the context of panel grouping, the WTRU capability for multi-TRPS TxMP with mDCI may include 2 or more independent UL grants. The UL grants may have different configurations in the frequency domain and / or may overlap in the time domain. In an example, the gNB may need to know how to derive the MPR, for example, based on the panel grouping and the panel group power sharing state parameters. For example, when the UL grants overlap in time, the WTRU may apply different rules for MPR derivation and / or Pcmax value and / or range verification. The power sharing parameters may be indicated by the WTRU and / or indicated to the WTRU by the network (e.g., when selecting a TCI / beam / service panel group), and the power sharing parameters may be used, for example, to determine (e.g., ultimately decide) the rules for MPR determination. Additionally or alternatively, the panel group power sharing state parameters may include WTRU internal states. For example, the power sharing state parameters may be related to the WTRU antenna panel layout and / or grouping without (e.g., any) network knowledge. The MPR determination rules may be related to panel group power sharing.

[0122] The WTRU may use the selected panel group Pg,max power sharing state to derive the associated MPRg, for example, for each beam. f,c and / or ΔMPRg. The Pg,max power sharing state may be known to the WTRU, for example from declared WTRU capabilities, and / or it may be an internal state variable (eg, unknown to the network) based on the antenna hardware design.

[0123] The Pg,max power sharing states described herein may help (e.g., serve) a WTRU in making decisions regarding MPR rule derivation. For example, when a WTRU receives two simultaneous UL grants in mDCI mode and each UL grant is characterized by an RB allocation and a modulation order, and / or the UL transmissions overlap in the time domain, the WTRU may use (e.g., as follows) the equations herein for Pcmax value and / or range validation. For example, for per-beam Pcmax validation, the configured WTRU maximum output power Pcmax of carrier f of serving cell c may be set to CMAX,f,c,beam,i , so that the corresponding measured peak EIRPP of each transmit beam UMAX,f,c,beam,i Can be within the following limits: P Powerclass +DP IBE –MAX(MAX(MPRg, f,c +ΔMPRg,A-MPR f,c ,)+ΔMB P,n ,P-MPR f,c )–MAX{T(MAX(MPR f,c ,A-MPR f,c ,)),T(P-MPR f,c )}≤P UMAX,f,c,beam,i ≤EIRP max , and / or for each WTRU when two beams are transmitting: P TMAX,f,c ≤TRP max .

[0124] When (e.g., only) one beam is transmitting, e.g., MPRg, f,c MPR may be the MPR for a single beam and / or ΔMPR may be 0 (e.g., the WTRU may fall back to a single UL transmission). For example, based on the RB allocation topology and / or the modulation order, the WTRU may determine to use (e.g., evaluate) the simultaneous UL transmission RB allocation within the channel bandwidth and / or may determine (e.g., decide) a beam-based power reduction MPRg, f,c and ΔMPRg. For example, after determining the appropriate reduction, the WTRU may determine the actual P CMAX,f,c,beam,i . P of each beam CMAX,f,c,beam,i The values ​​may (e.g., later) be used as limits in power allocation equations, e.g., from the physical layer for each beam separately (e.g., when solving for RF compliance via the Pcmax equation). For PUSCH, the equation may be:

[0125]

[0126] For PUCCH, the equation can be:

[0127]

[0128] In the equations described herein (eg, in the two equations above), Pcmax,f,c(i) may be equal to P in slot i and beam j, respectively. CMAX,f,c,beam,j .

[0129] If there is, for example, P CMAX,f,c,beam,j =P(t) = t ... CMAX,f,c,beam,j For example, after allocating power and any possible scaling operations, the WTRU may transmit UL channels at a predetermined timing (e.g., correct timing) for each beam. In the MPR determination rules described herein, the Pg,max power sharing status bit may be used by the WTRU for decision making and / or may be a WTRU internal algorithm binary variable, for example, after allocating power and any possible scaling operations.

[0130] Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of a fully overlapping RB allocation 800 in the frequency domain. There may be fully overlapping RB allocations in the frequency domain. For example, the beam 1 RB allocation may be MPR1 at 810, and / or the beam 2 RB allocation may be MPR2 at 820. Possible rules may be described herein. The Pg,max power sharing state bit may indicate, for example, a power sharing state for a (e.g., corresponding) group (e.g., two or more) of beams. For example, if the Pg,max power sharing state bit is false, and / or the modulation order is the same, then MPR1=MPR2 and / or Pcmax,beam,i may be calculated independently for each Pg. For example, if the Pg,max power sharing state bit is true, and / or the modulation order is the same, then MPRg=MPR1=MPR2 and / or Pcmax,beam,i may be calculated independently using MPR1, and / or (e.g., then) an additional ΔMPRg=3dB reduction may be applied to each Pcmax,beam,i. Additionally or alternatively, ΔMPRg may include (eg, be) a specific quantity in dB, such as determined by WTRU calibration. For example, ΔMPRg = 1.5 dB and / or may be different than 3 dB (eg, which may be an exemplary quantity).

[0131] For example, if the Pg,max power sharing state bit is false, and / or the modulation orders are different, (e.g., then) MPR1 and MPR2 may be different and / or Pcmax,beam,i may be calculated independently. For example, if the Pg,max power sharing state bit is true, and / or the modulation orders are different, MPR1 and MPR2 may be different and / or Pcmax,beam,i may be calculated independently using MPRg, and / or (e.g., then) an additional ΔMPRg=3dB reduction may be applied to each Pcmax,beam,i. Additionally or alternatively, ΔMPRg may be a specific amount in dB, which may be determined, for example, by WTRU calibration (e.g., depending on the modulation on which these beams are transmitted). MPRg may be calculated as MPRg=max{MPR1,MPR2}.

[0132] Fig. 9 900 is a diagram showing an example of overlapping RB allocations with different sizes in the frequency domain. RBs may be completely overlapping. There may be overlapping RB allocations with different sizes in the frequency domain. For example, Fig. 9 A beam 1 RB1 allocation 910 for MPR1, a beam 2 RB2 allocation 920 for MPR2, and a combination (e.g., union) 930 of RB3 allocations between two UL grants are shown. There may be (e.g., several possible) rules for MPR application. For example, if the Pg,max power sharing state bit is false and the modulation order is the same, then MPRg=MPR1=MPR2 and Pcmax,beam,i may be calculated independently per Pg (e.g., based on MPRg and ΔMPRg=0). For example, if the Pg,max power sharing state bit is true and / or the modulation order is the same, (e.g., then) MPRg=MPR1=MPR2 and / or Pcmax,beam,i may be calculated independently per Pg (e.g., based on MPRg). For example, due to the overlap, additional power reduction may be possible and ΔMPRg may be applied to each Pcmax,beam,I based on the following equation: ΔMPRg=3dB+10log[RB_new]. RB_new may be determined as a function of RB1, RB2 and / or RB3. One or more of the following may apply: RB_new=max(RB1 / RB3, RB2 / RB3), RB_new=max(RB1, RB2, RB3) and / or RB_new=union of RB1 and RB2.

[0133] The function for RB_new may be determined based on one or more of one or more system parameters, one or more beam-specific parameters, one or more scheduling parameters, and / or WTRU power class. The function for RB_new may be determined based on one or more system parameters (e.g., subcarrier spacing and / or CP length). For example, if the subcarrier spacing is less than a threshold, RB_new may be determined using a first function (e.g., RB_new=max(RB1 / RB3, RB2 / RB3)). For example, if the subcarrier spacing is not less than a threshold (e.g., greater than or equal to a threshold), RB_new may be determined using a second function (e.g., RB_new=RB3). In an example, the function for RB_new may be determined based on one or more beam-specific parameters. The beam-specific parameters may include one or more of a TA value, a TA difference between two beams, and / or a power allocation for each beam. For example, if the TA difference between two beams is less than a threshold, RB_new may be determined using a first function (e.g., RB_new=max(RB1 / RB3, RB2 / RB3)). For example, if the TA difference between the two beams is not less than a threshold (e.g., greater than or equal to a threshold), a second function (e.g., RB_new=RB3) may be used to determine RB_new. The function for RB_new may be determined based on one or more scheduling parameters. The scheduling parameters may include one or more of the following: an MCS for each beam and / or the number of RBs allocated for each beam. For example, if the number of RBs allocated for any beam is greater than a threshold, a first function (e.g., RB_new=max(RB1 / RB3, RB2 / RB3)) may be used to determine RB_new. For example, if the number of RBs allocated for any beam is not greater than a threshold (e.g., less than or equal to a threshold), a second function (e.g., RB_new=RB3) may be used to determine RB_new. The function for RB_new may be determined based on a WTRU power class. For example, when the WTRU is capable of reaching a first WTRU power class, a first function may be used to determine RB_new. For example, when the WTRU is capable of reaching a second WTRU power class, a second function may be used to determine RB_new.

[0134] Additionally or alternatively, the rule may include consideration of overlapping RB allocations for joint RB3: ΔMPRg = 3dB + 10log[max(RB3-RB1, RB3-RB2) / RB3]. ΔMPRg may be a coefficient determined empirically, for example, based on calibration / measurement and / or interpolation. For example, if the Pg,max power sharing state bit is false and / or the modulation order is different, (e.g., then) MPR1 and MPR2 may be different, and / or Pcmax,beam,i may be calculated independently per Pg based on MPRg,i (i = 1, 2) and ΔMPRg = 0. For example, if the Pg,max power sharing state bit is true, and / or the modulation orders are different, (e.g., then) MPR1 and MPR2 may be different and / or Pcmax,beam,i may be independently calculated using MPRg, and / or (e.g., then) an additional MPRg reduction may be applied to each Pcmax,beam,i (e.g., based on the equation: MPRg=max{MPR1,MPR2}, ΔMPRg=3dB+10log[max(RB1 / RB3,RB2 / RB3)]). Additionally or alternatively, ΔMPRg may be a coefficient determined empirically, e.g., based on calibration measurements and interpolation.

[0135] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating an example of non-overlapping RB allocations 1000 in the frequency domain. The non-overlapping RB allocations 1000 in the frequency domain may include a beam 1 RB1 allocation 1010 for MPR1 and a beam 2 RB2 allocation 1020 for MPR2. The non-overlapping RB allocations 1000 may, for example, include non-contiguous allocations between RB1 and RB2. The gap between RB1 and RB2 may be fixed, for example, known by the WTRU and / or the network. Due to possible coexistence mitigation requirements, the gap between RB1 and RB2 may be fixed and / or known. The fixed gap between RB1 and RB2 allocations in the frequency domain may be a minimum requirement. For example, if the gap is known / specified and / or the minimum gap is observed for UL grants transmitted simultaneously, the WTRU may consider the Pg,max power sharing status bit to be false. For example, if the gap is not known / specified and / or the minimum gap is not observed for UL grants transmitted simultaneously, the WTRU may consider the Pg,max power sharing status bit to be true.

[0136] Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may consider its own panel grouping and / or physical layout for Pg,max power sharing state decisions, for example, regardless of the RB allocation frequency domain gap. Fig.10As shown, beam 1 RB1 allocation 1010 can be used for MPR1, and beam 2 RB2 allocation 1020 can be used for MPR2. If the Pg,max power sharing state bit is false and / or the modulation orders are the same or different, then MPR1 and MPR2 can be different and / or Pcmax,beam,i can be calculated independently for each Pg, for example based on MPRg,i (i=1,2) and / or ΔMPRg=0. If the Pg,max power sharing state bit is true and / or the modulation orders are different or the same, then MPR1 and MPR2 can be different and / or Pcmax,beam,i can be calculated independently. When MPR1 and MPR2 are different, MPR1 and MPR2 can be used to calculate Pcmax,beam,i. When MPR1 and MPR2 are equal, MPRg can be used to calculate Pcmax,beam,i. Additional ΔMPRg reduction can be applied (e.g., following one or more rules in this document). For example, when the modulation order is the same on both UL grants, MPRg= may follow the rules for non-contiguous allocation in NR carriers. Additionally or alternatively, when MPR1 and MPR2 are different: MPRg=max(MPR1, MPR2).

[0137] For example, considering MPRg=max(MPR1, MPR2) for an MPR-dependent modulation order, a supplementary reduction ΔMPRg may be applied and / or determined (e.g., empirically) based on measurements / calibration and / or allocation interpolation. ΔMPRg may be 0, and (e.g., only) non-contiguous allocations corresponding to the highest modulation order MPRg=max(MPR1, MPR2) may be calculated.

[0138] Fig.11An example embodiment of a multi-panel WTRU 1100 is shown, where each panel in one or more panels (e.g., such as panels 1150, 1160) can be constructed using more than one antenna group. Inter-panel power switches can be used. In the example, the WTRU 1000 can employ one or more panels 1150, 1160, where each of the panels 1150, 1160 can include one or more antenna groups 1110, 1120, 1130, 1140. For example, the first panel 1150 (e.g., P_panel1) can include antenna groups 1110, 1120, and the second panel 1160 (e.g., P_panel2) can include antenna groups 1130, 1140. For example, depending on the WTRU embodiment, the rated power of each panel and / or each antenna group can be different. The rated powers of the power amplifiers in different transmitter chains can be unequal, and / or (e.g., thus) the rated powers of each antenna group and each panel can be different. A multi-panel WTRU 1100 with multiple antenna groups per panel is shown. For example, a WTRU 1100 with two panels can have a rated power P_panel1, where P_panel1 ≤ P_panel2. If a panel consists of two antenna groups, there can be different rated powers for each antenna group.

[0139] Fig.12 Table 1200 is an example table depicting a set of rated powers for each panel and each antenna group. For example, as shown in Table 1, P_antennaG1 = P_antennaG2, P_antennaG3 = P_antennaG4, and / or P_antennaG1 + P_antennaG2 < P_antennaG3 + P_antennaG4. The WTRU can employ an RF switching network that can, for example, allow switching the output of one or more of its power amplifiers between more than one antenna group and / or panel.

[0140] Fig.131300 with antenna switching capability. The antenna switching network 1305 may connect the output of the power amplifier to different antenna groups and / or panels. For example, if the WTRU 1300 has such capability, the WTRU 1300 may assign more power to panels 1350, 1360 that may request and / or need more power (e.g., for reliable transmission). The multi-panel WTRU 1300 with one or more antenna groups 1310, 1320, 1330, 1340 may indicate one or more capabilities. The capabilities may include one or more of a rated power per panel, a rated power per antenna group 1310, 1320, 1330, 1340, and / or an indication. The indication may indicate that one panel may have a higher rated power than other panels. The indication may include an indication that one antenna group 1310, 1320, 1330, 1340 may have a higher power rating than the other antenna groups 1310, 1320, 1330, 1340. The indication may include information regarding the power difference (e.g., +3 dB) and / or an indication of whether the panel and / or antenna may be switched from one set of power amplifiers to another set of power amplifiers.

[0141] The multi-panel WTRU 1300 may indicate the rated power capability of each of its antenna groups 1310, 1320, 1330, 1340 and / or panels 1350, 1360. The WTRU 1300 may indicate its antenna switching capabilities, e.g., to allocate more or less power to the panels and / or antenna groups 1310, 1320, 1330, 1340 (e.g., if needed). For example, in a multi-TRP scenario, the WTRU 1300 may perform one or more of initiating an initial transmission and / or selecting an initial RF switching state (e.g., based on some basic measurements at the time of completion of the indication of power and switching capabilities). For example, the WTRU 1300 may select its initial RF switching state based on some basic measurements. For example, once in connected mode, the WTRU 1300 may select its RF switching state based on some other configured measurements. The WTRU 1300 may receive an implicit or explicit indication to switch the panel to a particular RF chain. The WTRU 1300 may receive, for example, an (explicit) indication in a DCI and / or MAC CE, for example, to switch a panel to a particular RF chain. The WTRU 1300 may receive, for example, an (explicit) indication in a DCI and / or MAC CE, for example, to switch a panel to a particular RF chain. The WTRU 1300 may identify the power capability of the panel based on the MCS indicated for (e.g., each) codeword. For simultaneous PUSCH transmissions on multiple panels, for example, if the WTRU 1300 is indicated for transmission of two codewords, the WTRU 1300 may identify the power capability of the panel based on the MCS indicated for each codeword. The WTRU 1300 may identify the power capability of the panel based on a priority. For simultaneous PUSCH transmissions on multiple panels, the WTRU 1300 may identify the power capability of the panel based on a priority. The WTRU 1300 may identify the power capability of the panel based on an existing priority. For simultaneous PUSCH+PUCCH transmissions on multiple panels, the WTRU 1300 may identify the power capability of the panel based on an existing priority.

[0142] For example, upon completion of the indication of power and / or switching capability, the WTRU 1300 may initiate its initial transmission (e.g., PRACH in any RF switching state or default mode in a multi-TRP scenario). The default switching state may be a panel associated with one of the TRPs (e.g., the serving TRP). For example, in a multi-TRP scenario, the WTRU 1300 may select its initial RF switching state based on some basic measurements (e.g., SSB measurements). For example, in a multi-TRP scenario (e.g., once in connected mode), the WTRU 1300 may select its RF switching state based on some other configured measurements (e.g., RSRP). The WTRU 1300 may perform RSRP measurements on the configured CSI-RS and / or switch a panel with higher power capability to a link that, for example, presents a lower RSRP measurement. For example, in a multi-TRP scenario, the WTRU 1300 may receive implicit and / or explicit indications to switch a panel to a particular RF chain. For example, in a multi-TRP scenario, the WTRU 1300 may receive an explicit indication in a DCI and / or MAC CE to switch a panel to a specific RF chain. The indication may be a switching command to switch the power capability from an existing switching state to another switching state. For example, in a multi-TRP scenario, the WTRU 1300 may identify the power capability of the panel based on the MCS indicated for each codeword. Additionally or alternatively, for simultaneous PUSCH transmission on multiple panels, and / or if the WTRU 1200 is indicated for transmission of two codewords, the WTRU 1300 may identify the power capability of the panel based on the MCS indicated for each codeword. The WTRU 1300 may assign more power to a link associated with a lower MCS. For example, in a multi-TRP scenario, the WTRU 1300 may identify the power capability of the panel based on priority. The priority may be determined based on a priority indication bit in a received DCI. Additionally or alternatively, the priority may be determined based on a UL-SCH indicator regarding whether the PUSCH may contain data and / or UCI feedback. For example, if the UL-SCH indicates a UCI carrying a PUSCH, the WTRU 1300 may switch the panel with greater power for its transmission. The WTRU 1300 may identify the power capability of the panel, for example, based on one or more existing priorities. Additionally or alternatively, in a multi-TRP scenario, for example, for simultaneous PUSCH+PUCCH transmissions on multiple panels, the WTRU 1300 may identify the power capability of the panel.The priorities (e.g., existing priorities) may include one or more of: PRACH transmission on PCell, PUCCH transmission with HARQ-ACK information, SR transmission with HARQ-ACK information, PUSCH transmission with HARQ-ACK information; PUCCH transmission with CSI, PUSCH transmission with CSI, PUSCH transmission without HARQ-ACK information and / or CSI, SRS transmission (e.g., non-periodic SRS having a higher priority than semi-persistent and / or periodic SRS); and / or PRACH transmission (e.g., on a serving cell other than PCell).

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising a processor, the processor configured to: receiving a first set of simultaneous uplink (UL) grants for transmitting first simultaneous transmissions using a first set of two or more beams; transmitting a first power headroom report (PHR) including a first power sharing indication indicating a first power sharing state for the first simultaneous transmission; receiving a second set of simultaneous UL grants for transmitting a second simultaneous transmission using a second set of two or more beams; determining a second power sharing state for the second simultaneous transmission; and When the determined second power sharing state is different from the first power sharing state, a second PHR is sent.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the second PHR includes a second power sharing indication indicating the second power sharing state for the second simultaneous transmission.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first PHR comprises a first maximum power associated with a first beam and a second maximum power associated with a second beam, and wherein the first beam and the second beam are included in the first group of two or more beams.

4. The WTRU according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second PHR includes a third maximum power associated with a third beam and a fourth maximum power associated with a fourth beam, and wherein the third beam and the fourth beam are included in the second group of two or more beams.

5. The WTRU of claims 3 and 4, wherein the first beam and the third beam are the same beam.

6. The WTRU of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the value of the first power sharing state indicates true or false.

7. The WTRU of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first set of two or more beams are included in a first panel group.

8. The WTRU of claim 7, wherein the value of the first power sharing state is based on the first set of two or more beams being included in the first panel group.

9. The WTRU of claim 8, wherein the value of the first power sharing state is further based on an angle between the two or more beams.

10. The WTRU of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first simultaneous transmissions overlap in the time domain.

11. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving a first set of simultaneous uplink (UL) grants for transmitting first simultaneous transmissions using a first set of two or more beams; transmitting a first power headroom report (PHR) including a first power sharing indication indicating a first power sharing state for the first simultaneous transmission; receiving a second set of simultaneous UL grants for transmitting a second simultaneous transmission using a second set of two or more beams; determining a second power sharing state for the second simultaneous transmission; as well as When the determined second power sharing state is different from the first power sharing state, a second PHR is sent. 12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the second PHR comprises a second power sharing indication indicating the second power sharing state for the second simultaneous transmission.

13. The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein the first PHR comprises a first maximum power associated with a first beam and a second maximum power associated with a second beam, and wherein the first beam and the second beam are included in the first group of two or more beams.

14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the second PHR comprises a third maximum power associated with a third beam and a fourth maximum power associated with a fourth beam, and wherein the third beam and the fourth beam are included in the second group of two or more beams.

15. The method according to claims 13 and 14, wherein the first beam and the third beam are the same beam.

16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein the value of the first power sharing state indicates true or false.

17. The method of any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the first set of two or more beams are comprised in a first panel set.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the value of the first power sharing state is based on the first set of two or more beams being included in a first panel group.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the value of the first power sharing state is further based on an angle between the two or more beams.

20. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein the first simultaneous transmissions overlap in the time domain.

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