Method for manufacturing seedling base plate and method for assisting populus euphratica seed seedling raising

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a seedling-making base disc and a method for assisting populus euphratica seed seedling raising, the seedling-making base disc is applied to a high-alkali environment to block surface salt and alkali, so that populus euphratica seeds germinate and grow in the seedling-making base disc, and a low-to-high salt and alkali gradient is formed from the center to the edge of the seedling-making base disc, so that early-stage populus euphratica seedlings gradually adapt to the salt and alkali environment; after the root systems of the seedlings are developed completely and have stress resistance to salt and alkali preliminarily, the seedlings penetrate through the seedling-making basal disc to contact with saline-alkali soil in the natural environment, so that the transition of the life process that the populus euphratica seeds develop into complete individuals is realized, and the adverse effect of a large amount of salt and alkali left on the surface layer after a large amount of river water overflows and evaporates throughout the year on populus euphratica germination is avoided; the populus euphratica seed seedling survival rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation of poplars in a high-alkali environment, and in particular to a method for making a seedling base plate and an auxiliary method for seedling cultivation of poplars. Background Art

[0002] Traditional methods of raising seedlings in saline-alkali land mainly use imported soil or "salt washing" methods. These methods have high investment costs, but as the soil moisture evaporates, the lower layer of salt and alkali will gradually be brought to the upper soil. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly monitor the changes in the salinity and alkali content in the soil, regularly renew the soil or "wash the salt" again to maintain the salinity and alkali content in the soil at a low level. In some areas, gravel, chemical film agents, straw and other methods are used to destroy the soil pore structure between saline-alkali soil and imported soil or "salt-washed" soil, thereby reducing the upward migration of salinity and alkali substances caused by soil capillary phenomena, but this method will also reduce the water replenishment of the upper soil.

[0003] Imported soil and "salt washing" are mainly aimed at the phenomenon of soil salinization caused by the evaporation of groundwater and soil moisture. The salt-alkali content in this type of saline-alkali land will increase with the increase of soil depth. In the suitable habitat of Populus euphratica, the source of salt-alkali is the accumulation of surface saline-alkali substances caused by the residue of salt-alkali after the evaporation of river water. The salt-alkali content of the lower soil is low, and imported soil or "salt washing" methods cannot be used. In the early days, the method of large-scale stripping of the surface saline-alkali soil was used to promote the understory regeneration of Populus euphratica seedlings. Since most of the suitable habitats of Populus euphratica are desert areas, large-scale stripping of the surface saline-alkali soil has caused serious damage to the soil, aggravating the damage to the desert soil by disturbance factors such as wind erosion in desert areas. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for making a seedling base plate and a method for assisting Populus euphratica seed seedling cultivation, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for making a seedling base plate, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Stir dry peat soil, perlite, vermiculite, sphagnum moss and sheep dung soil in a volume ratio of 8:2:1:8:1 and soak them in water until all the materials absorb enough water to prepare the matrix soil for later use;

[0007] S2. Select viscous riverbed mud from the local river, dry it in the oven or in the sun, and then crush it into powder for use as a natural binder;

[0008] S3, evenly mix S1 and S2 until the matrix soil is squeezed into shape, and fill the matrix soil into the seedling base tray mold, continuously compact the filler while filling, and then use the mold to press and shape;

[0009] S4. Place the seedling base plate formed by pressing S3 in a cool and ventilated place to dry in the shade for 3 days to prevent the seedling base plate from losing moisture too quickly, causing cracking and changing the compactness;

[0010] S5, baking the seedling base plate in S4 to kill insect eggs and microorganisms;

[0011] S6. Use a spray bottle to evenly spray or apply 4% diluted polyurethane on the outside of the seedling base tray in 2-3 layers. After spraying or applying one layer, wait for it to form a milky white or light yellow film, then spray or apply another layer, and then completely dry the seedling base tray after spraying or applying polyurethane.

[0012] Preferably, the matrix soil molding standard in S3 is that it basically maintains its original shape after a 30 cm free fall, and basically maintains its original shape when immersed in water.

[0013] Preferably, the outer diameter of the mold in S3 is 10 cm, the depth is 25 cm, the inner diameter is 4 cm, and the depth is 10 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the seedling base plate in S5 is baked in an oven at 105° C. for 24 hours.

[0015] Preferably, the main components of the polyurethane in S6 are: polyurethane, content 74%; toluene diisocyanate, content 11%; butanone, content 15%.

[0016] A method for raising poplar seedlings using a seedling base tray as an aid, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Before the poplar capsules crack and according to the planting needs in the forest, the seedling base is buried in the forest. The spacing between trees and rows is 2m×2m. The pre-buried distance of the seedling base is consistent with the spacing between trees and rows in the afforestation area. The edge of the seedling base is 3-5cm higher than the afforestation area, so that river water can enter the seedling base through lateral transportation, and the outer wall of the seedling base and the matrix can be used to filter and intercept some saline-alkali substances.

[0018] Fill the seedling tray with clean soil, with the soil height 1cm lower than the top of the seedling tray to prevent the seeds from floating away with the water after sowing. Spray enough water until the soil inside and outside the seedling tray is fully moistened.

[0019] Observe the development of Populus euphratica seedlings in the seedling tray, carry out appropriate thinning and seedling supplement according to the germination and growth of seeds in the seedling tray, and reasonably control the seedling density;

[0020] After the seeds germinate, the afforestation land is irrigated. After the seeds germinate, irrigation is carried out once a day with shallow water flow to ensure the moisture required by the seedlings during their growth period.

[0021] After the seedlings grow to 30cm, top dressing is required for the seedlings in the seedling tray to promote leaf growth and prepare a nutritional basis for lignification in the later stage of seedling growth.

[0022] Preferably, no thinning is required from seed germination to seed growth to 2 leaves;

[0023] When the seeds germinate and grow to 4 leaves, the seedling base with low seedling density should be sown with additional seeds or poplar catkins;

[0024] When the seedlings grow to 8 leaves, thin out the seedlings and control the number of 8-leaf seedlings in the seedling base tray to 10-15;

[0025] When the seedlings grow to a height of more than 20 cm, thin out the seedlings in the seedling tray to 3-5 plants in each seedling tray.

[0026] Preferably, topdressing the seedlings in the seedling base tray is performed by pouring 100 g / L urea solution into the seedling base tray and the surrounding area or fertilizing and irrigating according to 50 kg / mu of urea.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by applying the seedling base in a high-alkali environment to block the surface salt and alkali, the poplar seeds germinate and grow therein, and a salt-alkali gradient is formed from low to high from the center to the edge of the seedling base, so that the early poplar seedlings gradually adapt to the saline-alkali environment. When the seedling root system is fully developed and initially has resistance to salt and alkali, it penetrates the seedling base and contacts the saline-alkali soil in the natural environment, thereby realizing the transition of the life process of the poplar seeds into a complete individual, avoiding the adverse effects of the large amount of salt and alkali left on the surface after the evaporation of a large amount of river water throughout the year on the germination of the poplar, and increasing the survival rate of poplar seed seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The present invention uses the long-term fixed monitoring sample plot of Erdaoqiao in Ejina Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, a saline-alkali land in an inland high-temperature area, as the afforestation land of the present invention.

[0030] Populus euphratica is drought-resistant and salt-alkali-tolerant. Most of the suitable habitats for Populus euphratica are saline-alkali lands. After a large amount of river water floods the Populus euphratica forests all year round, the water evaporates, and the surface salt and alkali accumulate seriously, forming a thin salt crust. Populus euphratica seeds cannot survive in a high-salinity and alkali environment during germination, but one-year-old Populus euphratica seedlings have a certain tolerance to high-salinity and alkali stress. With the increase of seedling age, the tolerance of Populus euphratica seedlings to salt and alkali will gradually increase.

[0031] Populus euphratica seeds are mainly spread by capturing seeds entrained in flying catkins on moist soil. The falling position is just on the soil surface. The topsoil contains a large amount of saline-alkali precipitates (salt crust). After germination, Populus euphratica seeds cannot adapt to high salt-alkali stress and cannot complete the subsequent development process.

[0032] It has been observed in nature that during the poplar catkin season, river water seeps down near the river channel and washes the surface salt and alkali into the deep soil layer. Sampling and measurement of the surface soil (0-10cm) before and after river water flooding found that the conductivity of the surface soil would decrease from 5.22±1.29mS / cm to 1.73±0.79mS / cm, and the pH of the surface soil would decrease from 9.53±0.67 to 8.39±0.32. After the water in the surface soil was completely evaporated, the surface soil (0-10cm) was taken for testing, and the conductivity returned to 5.39±1.63mS / cm, and the pH returned to 9.59±0.74. The salt-alkali content in the deep soil of the Populus euphratica population gradually decreases with the increase of soil thickness. The soil conductivity of 10-20cm is 2.11±0.49mS / cm, the soil conductivity of 20-40cm is 0.87±0.19mS / cm, the soil conductivity of 40-60cm is 0.47±0.13mS / cm, and the soil conductivity of 60-100cm is 0.22±0.09mS / cm. It can be judged that the source of salt and alkali is mainly the enrichment of salt and alkali in river water rather than groundwater. Therefore, blocking the surface saline-alkali environment is of great significance to the development of Populus euphratica seedlings. When the root system of Populus euphratica seedlings grows longer than 10cm, the salt-alkali content will drop below the tolerance threshold of the root system of Populus euphratica seedlings.

[0033] In nature, poplars reproduce asexually through root suckers, which results in a single genotype in the poplar forest and an imbalanced ratio of males to females, making it difficult to obtain individuals with stronger resistance through natural selection. Due to the instability of river water changes in the poplar's suitable habitat, the seeds of the poplars cannot develop into seedlings after falling to the ground during the breeding season.

[0034] Therefore, we use degradable artificial seedling bases to help Populus euphratica seeds isolate the surface saline-alkali soil. When the seedlings' roots are fully developed and have initial resistance to salt and alkali, they can penetrate the seedling base through natural growth and come into contact with the saline-alkali soil in the natural environment, thus completing the life process of the Populus euphratica seeds developing into complete individuals, providing assistance for the subsequent natural screening of high-quality stress resistance genes.

[0035] The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for making a seedling base plate, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1. Stir dry peat soil, perlite, vermiculite, sphagnum moss and sheep dung soil in a volume ratio of 8:2:1:8:1 and soak them in water until all the materials absorb enough water to prepare the matrix soil for later use;

[0037] S2. Select viscous riverbed mud from the local river, dry it in the oven or in the sun, and then crush it into powder for use as a natural binder;

[0038] S3, S1 and S2 are uniformly mixed until the matrix soil can be formed by extrusion, the molding condition of the matrix soil is adjusted by adding riverbed sediment powder, and the matrix soil is filled into the seedling base plate mold, the filler is continuously compacted while filling, and then pressed into shape using a mold, the outer diameter of the mold is 10 cm, the depth is 25 cm, the inner diameter is 4 cm, and the depth is 10 cm;

[0039] S4. Place the seedling base plate formed by pressing S3 in a cool and ventilated place to dry in the shade for 3 days to prevent the seedling base plate from losing moisture too quickly, causing cracking and changing the compactness;

[0040] S5, baking the seedling base plate in S4 to kill insect eggs and microorganisms;

[0041] S6. Use a spray pot to evenly spray or apply 4% diluted polyurethane (HYCEL OH-1A) on the outside of the seedling base tray in 2-3 layers. After spraying one layer, wait for it to form a milky white or light yellow film, then spray or apply it a second time, and then let the seedling base tray dry completely.

[0042] The molding standard of the matrix soil in S3 needs to be: it can basically maintain its original shape after a 30cm free fall and can basically maintain its original shape after being immersed in water.

[0043] The polyurethane (HYCEL OH-1A) used in the present invention is purchased from the product produced by Japan Mingbang Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. The main components of the polyurethane (HYCEL OH-1A) are: polyurethane (prepolymer), content 74%; toluene diisocyanate (TDI), content 11%; butanone, content 15%.

[0044] A method for raising poplar seedlings using a seedling base tray as an aid, comprising the following steps:

[0045] Sowing and early seedling care work:

[0046] Before the poplar capsules crack and according to the planting needs in the forest, the seedling base is buried in the forest. The spacing between trees and rows is 2m×2m. The pre-buried distance of the seedling base is consistent with the spacing between trees and rows in the afforestation area. The edge of the seedling base is 3-5cm higher than the afforestation area, so that river water can enter the seedling base through lateral transportation, and the outer wall of the seedling base and the matrix can be used to filter and intercept some saline-alkali substances.

[0047] Fill the seedling tray with clean soil, with the soil height 1cm lower than the top of the seedling tray to prevent the seeds from floating away with the water after sowing. Spray enough water until the soil inside and outside the seedling tray is fully moistened.

[0048] Observe the development of Populus euphratica seedlings in the seedling tray, and carry out appropriate thinning and seedling replacement according to the germination and growth of seeds in the seedling tray. Reasonably control the seedling density. No thinning is required from seed germination to the growth of 2 leaves.

[0049] When the seeds germinate and grow to 4 leaves, the seedling base with low seedling density should be sown with additional seeds or poplar catkins;

[0050] When the seedlings grow to 8 leaves, thin out the seedlings and control the number of 8-leaf seedlings in the seedling base tray to 10-15;

[0051] When the seedlings grow to a height of more than 20 cm, thin out the seedlings in the seedling tray to 3-5 plants per seedling tray;

[0052] After the seeds germinate, the afforestation land should be irrigated once a day. It is best to irrigate with a trickle and shallow irrigation in the early morning or evening to avoid large-scale water loss during high temperature periods. Alternatively, drip irrigation can be used for 4 hours after the sun rises and before the sun sets to ensure the required water during the growth period.

[0053] Management of late seedlings:

[0054] After the seedlings grow to 30 cm, top dressing is required for the seedlings in the seedling tray to promote leaf growth and prepare a nutritional basis for lignification in the later growth period of the seedlings. Top dressing can be done by pouring 100g / L urea solution into the seedling tray and its surroundings or by fertilizing and irrigating with 50kg / mu of urea.

[0055] The method comprises mixing peat soil, perlite, vermiculite, sphagnum moss, sheep dung soil and local riverbed mud in proportion, pressing the soil into a specific shape using a die tool, and then drying the soil in the sun, and spraying a low concentration of polyurethane (HYCEL OH-1A) maintains its shape and allows water to pass freely while blocking the lateral movement of salt and alkali with water. The vermiculite and perlite in the seedling base tray have the characteristics of physical water absorption, which can maintain the moisture of the soil around the seedling base tray to a certain extent. The sphagnum moss activates biological activity after meeting water, and absorbs saline-alkali substances to a certain extent while retaining water. Since the materials used in the seedling base tray itself are all natural materials, they can be naturally degraded into soil nutrients to supply the growth and development of other poplar seedlings and other plants. The structure of the seedling base tray is similar to the soil structure in the suitable habitat of poplars. It is loose and breathable, ensuring the free growth and penetration of plant roots. Since the seedling base tray itself cannot completely block saline-alkali substances, a small amount of saline-alkali remains in the seedling base tray with the transfer of water, and a saline-alkali gradient from low to high is formed from the center to the edge of the seedling base tray, so that the early poplar seedlings gradually adapt to the saline-alkali environment.

[0056] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for making a seedling base plate, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Stir dry peat soil, perlite, vermiculite, sphagnum moss and sheep dung soil in a volume ratio of 8:2:1:8:1 and soak them in water until all the materials absorb enough water to prepare the matrix soil for later use; S2. Select viscous riverbed mud from the local river, dry it in the oven or in the sun, and then crush it into powder for use as a natural binder; S3, evenly mix S1 and S2 until the matrix soil is squeezed into shape, and fill the matrix soil into the seedling base tray mold, continuously compact the filler while filling, and then use the mold to press and shape; S4. Place the seedling base plate formed by pressing S3 in a cool and ventilated place to dry in the shade for 3 days to prevent the seedling base plate from losing moisture too quickly, causing cracking and changing the compactness; S5, baking the seedling base plate in S4 to kill insect eggs and microorganisms; S6. Use a spray bottle to evenly spray or apply 4% diluted polyurethane on the outside of the seedling base tray in 2-3 layers. After spraying or applying one layer, wait for it to form a milky white or light yellow film, then spray or apply another layer, and then completely dry the seedling base tray after spraying or applying polyurethane.

2. The method for making a seedling base according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molding standard of the matrix soil in S3 is that it basically maintains its original shape after a 30cm free fall, and basically maintains its original shape when immersed in water.

3. The method for making a seedling base according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the mold in S3 is 10 cm, the depth is 25 cm, the inner diameter is 4 cm, and the depth is 10 cm.

4. The method for making a seedling base according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling base plate in S5 was baked in an oven at 105°C for 24 hours.

5. The method for making a seedling base according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main components of polyurethane are: polyurethane, content 74%; toluene diisocyanate, content 11%; butanone, content 15%.

6. A method for raising seedlings of Populus euphratica assisted by a seedling base prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Before the poplar capsules crack and according to the planting requirements in the forest, the prepared seedling base tray is buried in the forest, wherein the spacing between trees and rows in the forest is 2m×2m, the pre-buried distance of the seedling base tray is consistent with the spacing between trees and rows in the forest, and the edge of the seedling base tray is 3-5cm higher than the forest, so that river water can enter the seedling base tray through lateral transportation, and the outer wall of the seedling base tray and the matrix are used to filter and intercept part of the saline-alkali substances; Fill the seedling tray with clean soil, with the soil height 1cm lower than the top of the seedling tray to prevent the seeds from floating away with the water after sowing. Spray enough water until the soil inside and outside the seedling tray is fully moistened. Observe the development of Populus euphratica seedlings in the seedling tray, carry out appropriate thinning and seedling supplement according to the germination and growth of seeds in the seedling tray, and reasonably control the seedling density; After the seeds germinate, the afforestation land is irrigated. After the seeds germinate, irrigation is carried out once a day with shallow water flow to ensure the moisture required by the seedlings during their growth period. After the seedlings grow to 30cm, top dressing is required for the seedlings in the seedling tray to promote leaf growth and prepare a nutritional basis for lignification in the later stage of seedling growth.

7. The seedling raising method according to claim 6, characterized in that: There is no need to thin out the seedlings from the time the seeds germinate to the time they grow to 2 leaves; When the seeds germinate and grow to 4 leaves, the seedling base with low seedling density should be sown with additional seeds or poplar catkins; When the seedlings grow to 8 leaves, thin out the seedlings and control the number of 8-leaf seedlings in the seedling base tray to 10-15; When the seedlings grow to a height of more than 20 cm, thin out the seedlings in the seedling tray to 3-5 plants in each seedling tray.

8. The seedling raising method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Top dressing for the seedlings in the seedling tray is done by pouring 100g / L urea solution into the seedling tray and its surroundings or by fertilizing and irrigating with 50kg / mu urea.