Mechanical planting method for winter wheat-summer corn annual crop rotation shallow-buried micro-spraying belt

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a mechanical planting method for winter wheat-summer corn annual rotation shallow-buried micro-spraying belts. According to the planting method, two rows of winter wheat form a seedling strip, a row of blank strips are reserved between every two adjacent seedling strips, a micro-spraying irrigation system is laid when the winter wheat is planted, micro-spraying strips are shallowly buried in the blank strips synchronously along with wheat sowing, summer corn is planted in the blank strips after the winter wheat is harvested, and the micro-spraying irrigation system is recycled after the summer corn is harvested. A shallow-buried micro-spraying planting mode based on agricultural machinery and agricultural technology fusion and suitable for winter wheat-summer corn crop rotation production is established, compared with a traditional planting method, annual yield increase is achieved, meanwhile, manpower and material resources are saved, advantages are shown in actual production, and important practical significance and practical value are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a mechanized planting method of a shallow buried micro-spraying belt in a winter wheat-summer corn annual rotation. Background Art

[0002] North China is the main grain production base in my country, and its total grain output accounts for an average of about 24.5% of the national total. Among them, winter wheat and summer corn are the main crops, accounting for about 50% and 46% of the grain planting area in the region, respectively. The grain supply in the region is crucial to ensuring my country's food security, but the total water resources in the region only account for 3.7% of the national total, and the per capita water resources are about 16% of the national average. The annual water consumption exceeds 4 times the total available water. In the planting of winter wheat and summer corn in North China, the total annual precipitation is small, and the difference between different years is large, which cannot meet the water requirements of winter wheat and summer corn, so supplementary irrigation is needed. In order to ensure the normal growth and stable yield of winter wheat and summer corn, a large amount of groundwater is extracted, resulting in a continuous decline in groundwater levels. Taking winter wheat as an example, the average annual precipitation during its growth period is less than 200mm, while the water consumption during the growth period of winter wheat is about 450mm, and the traditional irrigation amount of winter wheat by farmers is about 400mm. The long-term over-exploitation of groundwater in this area has made North China the largest groundwater funnel area in my country, among which Hebei Province has the most serious groundwater over-exploitation, which has caused a series of ecological and environmental problems and posed a serious threat to the sustainable development of society. In addition, the traditional flood irrigation and artificial fertilization in the year-round planting of winter wheat and summer corn in North China also have problems such as low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, difficulty in irrigation and fertilization in the middle and late growth stages of winter wheat and summer corn, wheat stubble affecting the sowing quality of summer corn, and waste of light and temperature resources by making soil before sowing summer corn. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a light, intensive and efficient water and fertilizer management technology and application model.

[0003] After years of practical application, micro-sprinkler irrigation technology is considered to be one of the high-yield, high-efficiency and water-saving irrigation technologies suitable for the double-cropping system of winter wheat and summer corn. It has the advantages of low working pressure, good anti-clogging, simple installation and operation, low investment cost, and strong adaptability to water-fertilizer integration technology. It is especially suitable for new agricultural operators in North China. The use of micro-sprinkler irrigation and water-fertilizer integration management has been widely used in projects such as the comprehensive management of groundwater over-exploitation in Hebei Province and the Bohai Granary Technology Demonstration Project. In 2009, the National Semi-Arid Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center, based on its own years of research on agricultural water-saving technology, took the lead in conducting research on winter wheat-summer corn micro-sprinkler water-fertilizer integration technology in the piedmont plain and Heilonggang area of ​​Hebei Province as typical areas. In 2013, the Hebei Provincial Local Standard-"Technical Regulations for Micro-Sprinkler Irrigation, Fertilizer and Water Integration Cultivation of Winter Wheat and Summer Corn" was formulated. In 2019, in response to the problems found in the production and application of micro-sprinkler irrigation technology, the Hebei Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Service Center (formerly the National Semi-arid Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center) jointly with China Agricultural University, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University and other scientific research institutions developed a series of special micro-sprinkler belt products for winter wheat and summer corn with small flow and long distance laying, reducing the horizontal branch pipes in the field and facilitating mechanized field operations. In cooperation with relevant enterprises, prefabricated interface soft belts and quick-connect quick-connect fittings compatible with micro-sprinkler belts were developed; supporting agricultural machinery such as winter wheat sowing belt laying shallow buried soil covering all-in-one machine and soft belt winder were developed.

[0004] On this basis, there is an urgent need to establish a shallow buried micro-spraying planting model based on the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy suitable for winter wheat-summer corn rotation production. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spraying belts in the annual crop rotation of winter wheat and summer corn.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The invention provides a mechanized planting method of shallowly buried micro-spraying belts in the annual rotation of winter wheat and summer corn. The planting method comprises the following steps: two rows of winter wheat form a seedling belt, a row of blank strips is reserved between adjacent seedling strips, a micro-spraying irrigation system is laid when the winter wheat is planted, the micro-spraying belt is shallowly buried in the blank strips synchronously with the wheat sowing, summer corn is planted in the blank strips after the winter wheat is harvested, and the micro-spraying belt is recovered after the summer corn is harvested.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the planting distance between the two rows of winter wheat is 10 cm.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the width of the blank strips between adjacent seedling strips is 20 cm.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the planting distance between the two rows of summer corn is 60 cm.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the laying interval of the micro-spraying tape is 1.8m or 2.4m; the single-side laying length of the micro-spraying tape is greater than or equal to 100m; and the shallow burial depth of the micro-spraying tape is 1-3cm.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the folded diameter of the micro-spray tape is 63 mm or 80 mm.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the micro-sprinkler irrigation system includes a water source, a head hub system and a micro-sprinkler pipeline system; wherein the micro-sprinkler pipeline system includes an underground main pipe, underground branch pipes, above-ground branch pipes and a micro-sprinkler belt.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the laying distance of the above-ground branch pipe is 80-110 mm in diameter; the above-ground branch pipe is a soft belt with prefabricated holes; the spacing between the prefabricated holes is consistent with the laying distance of the micro-spraying belt.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the micro-spraying belt is laid simultaneously with the sowing of winter wheat using a winter wheat shallow buried micro-spraying belt sowing integrated machine.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, both the winter wheat and the summer corn are sown using satellite navigation.

[0016] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are: 1. The present invention uses a light and simplified micro-sprinkler irrigation system, including a water source, a head hub system and a micro-sprinkler pipeline system; at the same time, the above-ground branch pipe uses a soft belt with prefabricated holes in the field, and the water source flows into the micro-sprinkler belt through the above-ground branch pipe. A two-way electric ball valve is used to achieve rapid connection and automatic control between the above-ground branch pipe and the underground water outlet main pipe to avoid water soaking and leakage.

[0017] 2. Winter wheat uses a navigation planting method to ensure that the seedling strips are straight; the reserved blank seedling strips can provide channels for other mechanical operations such as plant protection in the later stage, effectively reducing the damage to wheat seedlings caused by mechanical operations; at the same time, summer corn is planted in the reserved blank strips, which to a certain extent avoids the impact of wheat stubble on summer corn planting, which helps to improve the planting quality of summer corn and thus increase yield.

[0018] 3. The micro-spraying tape is shallowly buried in the blank strips together with the sowing of winter wheat, with a burial depth of 1-3cm, which ensures the laying quality of the micro-spraying tape, reduces the later manual laying costs, and prevents the micro-spraying tape from being blown away by strong winds in winter and spring.

[0019] 4. Compared with traditional furrow irrigation, the present invention increases annual yield by 12.3%, saves 28% of water and 5.7% of nitrogen; compared with existing micro-sprinkler irrigation, this technical model saves 32% of branch pipes and more than 30% of irrigation management labor compared with ordinary micro-sprinkler irrigation systems; compared with shallow buried drip irrigation, it can effectively prevent the pipes from being damaged by insects. At the same time, it has high irrigation efficiency and strong anti-clogging performance, which can save labor costs of 30 to 50 yuan per mu. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a mechanized planting method mode of a shallow buried micro-spray belt system for winter wheat-summer corn annual rotation according to Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a winter wheat sowing and shallow-buried integrated machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a water source and a head hub system of a micro-sprinkler irrigation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pipeline structure of the micro-sprinkler irrigation system of Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the field arrangement of micro-spray belts according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a yield comparison data diagram of the mechanized planting method of the shallow buried micro-spray belt and the traditional furrow irrigation method in the winter wheat-summer corn annual rotation according to Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 The comparative data of irrigation volume between the mechanized planting method of the shallow buried micro-sprinkler belt and the traditional furrow irrigation method in the winter wheat-summer corn annual rotation of Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 The data are comparative data of nitrogen application amount between the mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spray belt and the traditional furrow irrigation method in the winter wheat-summer corn annual rotation in Example 1 of the present invention; Among them, 1 is a seed meter; 2 is a furrow opener; 3 is a micro-spraying belt; 4 is a micro-spraying belt guide wheel; 5 is a soil cover; 6 is a crossbeam; 7 is the ground; 8 is a water source; 17 is a head hub system, including 9 is a butterfly valve, 10 is a concrete base, 11 is a centrifugal pump, 12 is an electronic flow meter, 13 is a pressure gauge, 14 is a sand and gravel filter, 15 is a mesh filter, 16 is a resistive remote pressure gauge; 18 is an underground main pipe; 19 is an intelligent water and fertilizer integrated machine; 20 is a frequency conversion controller; 21 is a water inlet; 22 is a prefabricated interface; 23 is an above-ground branch pipe; 24 is a water outlet; 25 is a micro-spraying belt; a is the horizontal length of the demonstration farmland in Example 1 of the present invention: 400m; b is the longitudinal length of the demonstration farmland in Example 1 of the present invention: 200m; d is the laying distance of the micro-spraying belt in Example 1 of the present invention: 180cm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] Example 1 From October 2023 to October 2024, experiments were conducted using the method of the present invention in Luquan District, Hebei Province.

[0023] The specific steps of this embodiment are as follows: 1. Preparation before sowing: (1) Equipment preparation: Use an ordinary wheat drill, adjust the position of the seed drill, and change the uniform row sowing mode to a strip sowing mode of "2 wheat strips: 1 blank strip", such as Figure 1 A crossbeam is welded on the seeder, and a set of shallow-buried micro-spraying tape laying devices are installed at the blank strip position of the crossbeam corresponding to the shallow-buried micro-spraying tape, including a micro-spraying tape bracket, a furrow opener, a micro-spraying tape guide wheel and a soil cover, to ensure that the micro-spraying tape can be laid 1-3 cm underground of the blank strip. A Beidou navigation system is installed on the winter wheat sowing and tape laying integrated machine (the automatic navigation configuration should comply with the provisions of GB / T17424-2009 and NY / T3334-2018), and a winter wheat sowing and tape laying shallow-buried integrated machine is obtained, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 shown.

[0024] (2) Land preparation and fertilization: After the summer corn harvest in the previous year, the corn stalks were crushed on the surface. After spreading the fertilizer, the soil was deep-turned together with the stalks to a depth of about 25 cm. If there are no conditions for deep turning, the soil can be rotary-tilled to turn the corn stalks and fertilizers into the soil. The application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is set according to the local wheat soil fertility and high-yield requirements. The soil organic matter content is greater than 30g / kg, the organic phosphorus content is less than or greater than 30mg / kg, and the available potassium is greater than 150mg / kg. When the target yield is 600kg / mu, the corresponding nitrogen application standard is 12~14kg / mu, the phosphorus application standard is 5~6kg / mu, and the potassium application standard is 5~6kg / mu. Among them, 50% of nitrogen fertilizer, all phosphorus fertilizer, and 70% of potassium fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer before sowing, and the rest are used as spring topdressing. After the greening, water-fertilizer integrated technology is used for topdressing.

[0025] The nitrogen fertilizer application rate in this example is 124.5 kg / hm 2 ; The application rate of phosphate fertilizer is 90kg / hm 2 ; The application rate of potassium fertilizer is 52kg / hm 2 .

[0026] (3) Seed selection: Winter wheat should be high-yield and stress-resistant varieties. The seed quality should comply with the provisions of GB4404.1, and the seed coating should comply with the provisions of GB15671. In this embodiment, "Aoyan 68" is selected. High-yield and lodging-resistant corn varieties with a moderate growth period are selected. In this embodiment, the summer corn variety "MY73" is selected.

[0027] 2. Winter wheat planting and micro-sprinkler irrigation system installation: The laying length of the micro-sprinkler belt in this embodiment is determined according to the pressure loss at the beginning and end of the working direction of the micro-sprinkler belt, and the pressure loss at the beginning and end of the working direction of the micro-sprinkler belt is required to be less than or equal to 20%. According to the local water pressure conditions, the one-way working length of the micro-sprinkler belt is determined to be 100m; the longitudinal length of the demonstration farmland in this embodiment is 200m, the horizontal length is 400m, the area is 120 mu, and the double-sided hedge water supply is adopted. The schematic diagram of the field layout of the micro-sprinkler belt is as follows Figure 5 As shown, above-ground branch pipes and underground branch pipes are laid at both ends of the demonstration field. After being connected to the micro-sprinkler belt, irrigation water flows from the branch pipes into the micro-sprinkler belt, irrigating crops in two directions. The laying length of the micro-sprinkler belt is 200m, and the one-way working length is 100m. (1) A headwater hub system is set up near the water source in the farmland. The various components of the headwater hub system are connected by PVC pipes. The PVC pipes are equipped with: butterfly valve, centrifugal pump, electronic flow meter, pressure gauge, sand filter, mesh filter and resistance remote pressure gauge. The electronic flow meter is fixed on the ground through a concrete base, such as Figure 3 As shown; underground main pipes and underground branch pipes are laid, and the head hub system connects the underground main pipes; the laying distance of the underground branch pipes is consistent with the laying length of the micro-sprinkler belts. According to the double-sided hedge water supply mode, underground branch pipes are laid at both ends of the longitudinal direction of the farmland, and the underground main pipes and underground branch pipes are buried 1m underground.

[0028] (2) Winter wheat planting: The sowing date of winter wheat in this example is October 17, 2023, and the sowing rate is 195 kg / hm2. 2 The sowing area is 120 acres.

[0029] During the suitable sowing period, winter wheat seeds were added and the planting parameters of the wheat sowing belt laying shallow burial integrated machine were set: the suitable sowing period was from October 10 to October 20, and the sowing rate range was 165~225kg / hm 2Before sowing, check the operating status of the navigation system hardware and software and the satellite signal strength, set the navigation route, install the micro-spraying belt (the micro-spraying belt should meet the requirements of NY / T1361, and the micro-spraying belt should use thin-walled PE soft belt with a folded diameter of 63mm and a length of not less than 400m per disk), and start the integrated automatic operation of winter wheat planting and shallow burial of micro-spraying belt; start planting winter wheat from one side of the farmland, two rows as one belt, the distance between the two rows of winter wheat is 10cm, and a blank strip is reserved between the two strips. The width of the blank strip is 20cm. At the same time, the micro-spraying belt laying device on the seeder lays the micro-spraying belt at a spacing of 1.8m (select the laying distance of the micro-spraying belt according to the width of the seeder: if a small seeder is used, a micro-spraying belt is laid every 1.8m; if a medium-sized seeder is used, a micro-spraying belt is laid every 2.4m). When the soil moisture is insufficient, sowing is carried out normally. The sowing amount is determined by the sowing period and the tillering characteristics of the variety, and is controlled at 150~300kg / hm 2 Between, early sowing decreases and late sowing increases.

[0030] (3) After sowing, lay the aboveground branch pipes. The aboveground branch pipes are laid perpendicular to the direction of crop planting. The aboveground branch pipes are pressure-bearing hoses with prefabricated interfaces. The normal working pressure is not less than 0.15 MPa, and the pipe diameter is 110 mm. The laying distance of the aboveground branch pipes is consistent with the laying length of the micro-sprinkler belt. According to the double-sided hedging water supply mode, the aboveground branch pipes are laid at both ends of the longitudinal direction of the farmland. The aboveground branch pipes and the buried branch pipes are connected by a two-way electric ball valve.

[0031] (4) The above-ground branch pipe is connected to the micro-sprinkler belt through a prefabricated interface; in this embodiment, after the micro-sprinkler belt is connected to the above-ground branch pipe, the one-way working length is 100m, the laying length is 200m, and the laying distance is 1.8m. After laying, the micro-sprinkler irrigation system pipeline is as follows: Figure 4 As shown; the installation of other components of the micro-sprinkler irrigation system should comply with the requirements of GB / T50485; when the micro-sprinkler irrigation system is working, the pressure should be controlled at 0.05~0.10MPa, the flow rate should be controlled at 40~60L / (m•h), and the spray width should be between 3~5m.

[0032] 3. Winter wheat field management: (1) Pre-winter management of winter wheat: After the winter wheat is sown in this example, the soil surface moisture is 75%, and it is necessary to irrigate the seedlings. The local average temperature is 16°C, and irrigation can be carried out. The irrigation amount is 10m 3 / mu; on October 22, 2023, irrigate with water for seedling emergence, and on November 25, irrigate with water for wintering 25 m 3 / mu.

[0033] After the winter wheat is sown, if the soil moisture is insufficient, water the seedlings in time. In the wintering period, water is needed for wintering. In case of extreme low temperatures, water should be irrigated to avoid low temperatures. The irrigation time is determined according to the temperature. When the temperature is above 0℃, irrigation can be carried out with an irrigation volume of 20~30m3 / mu; (2) Water and fertilizer management for winter wheat in spring: The key periods for water and fertilizer management of winter wheat are the greening stage, jointing stage, heading stage, and flowering stage.

[0034] In this example, irrigation is carried out on March 25, 2024, when the plants are in the greening period, and the irrigation volume is 25m 3 / mu; In this example, irrigation is carried out on April 12, 2024, when the plants are in the jointing stage, and the irrigation volume is 30m 3 / mu; In this example, irrigation is carried out on April 22, 2024, when the flowers are in bloom, and the irrigation volume is 30m 3 / mu; In this example, nitrogen fertilizer was applied on March 25, 2024, with an application rate of 34.5 kg / hm 2 , at this time it is in the greening period; In this example, nitrogen fertilizer was applied on April 12, 2024, with an application rate of 27.6 kg / hm 2 , at this time it is in the jointing stage; In this example, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were applied on April 22, 2024, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied was 18.9 kg / hm 2 , the amount of potassium fertilizer applied is 22.3kg / hm 2 , which is in the flowering stage; During the critical period of spring, 2-3 irrigations are carried out according to soil moisture conditions, with a single irrigation volume of 30-40 m 3 / mu. Water management can be carried out by measuring soil moisture in areas with conditions. The soil moisture monitoring method shall refer to the provisions of NY / T1782. When the soil moisture content of the planned moist layer is lower than 70% of the field water holding capacity, irrigation shall be carried out until the field water holding capacity is 100%. The planned moist layer is 40cm, 60cm and 60cm in the greening-jointing stage, jointing-booting stage, and booting-flowering stage, respectively. The working pressure of the micro-spraying belt shall be controlled at 0.05~0.10MPa.

[0035] During the winter wheat season, topdressing is carried out by integrating micro-spraying water and fertilizer during the key period of winter wheat management. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the greening, jointing and flowering stages in a ratio of 5:4:3, and the remaining 30% of potassium fertilizer is applied during the flowering stage. Water-soluble fertilizer for winter wheat should comply with the provisions of NY1107. Before topdressing, spray clean water for 10 minutes, fully clean the main pipeline, branch pipes and micro-spray belts, and check that the field water supply is normal before starting integrated water and fertilizer fertilization. After fertilization, continue micro-spraying for more than 10 minutes to flush the residual fertilizer liquid in the pipeline to prevent fertilizer residues from blocking the spray hole. Check the pipe network regularly and deal with any leaks immediately. Damaged areas should be repaired, mud and sand should be flushed away, and accumulated water should be drained.

[0036] (3) Pest and disease control: In this embodiment, herbicides and insecticides are sprayed on March 20, 2024, with spraying amounts of 50 ml / mu and 30 ml / mu respectively; In this embodiment, insecticides, fungicides and regulators are sprayed on May 5, 2024, with spraying amounts of 20 ml / mu, 20 ml / mu and 5 ml / mu respectively; The types and amounts of herbicides used for winter wheat should comply with the provisions of GB / T8321 and GB4285. The types and amounts of insecticides and fungicides used should comply with the provisions of GB4285, and drone spraying should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of DB14 / T1221.

[0037] 4. Winter wheat harvest: In this example, winter wheat was harvested using a harvesting machine on June 10, 2024, with a total yield of 78.12 tons; The mechanized production management of winter wheat and summer corn is implemented in accordance with DB13 / T2004~2014. Winter wheat is harvested in time after maturity. When harvesting, the above-ground branch pipes of the field micro-sprinkler irrigation system are removed, and the micro-sprinkler belts are kept stationary and continue to be used for water management of summer corn.

[0038] 5. Summer corn planting: The sowing date for summer corn in this implementation is June 15, 2024, and the planting density is 75,000 plants / hm2. 2 ; Base nitrogen fertilizer 90kg / hm 2 , the application rate of phosphate fertilizer is 90kg / hm 2 ; The application rate of potash base fertilizer is 63kg / hm 2 .

[0039] After winter wheat is harvested, corn is sown early; a no-till fertilization and sowing machine is used to complete the side deep application of base fertilizer, sowing, and pressing operations at one time. The towing tractor must be equipped with satellite navigation equipment to accurately sow corn on the 20cm blank strip between two wheat strips, and the corn planting row spacing is 60cm. The total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers applied to corn is the same as that of conventional high-yield cultivation technology, which is determined by the yield level. Summer corn fertilization meets the requirements of NY / T496, and water-soluble fertilizers meet the requirements of NY1107. Among them, 50% of nitrogen fertilizers, all phosphorus fertilizers, and 70% of potassium fertilizers are base fertilizers. The rest is topdressing, which is carried out by micro-spraying water and fertilizer integration.

[0040] 6. Summer corn field management (1) Water and fertilizer management: In this embodiment, irrigation is carried out on June 17, 2024, when sowing has just been completed. The soil moisture before irrigation is 65%, and the irrigation amount is 20m 3 / mu; In this example, irrigation is carried out on July 14, 2024, when the soil is in the large bell mouth period. The soil moisture before irrigation is 75%, and the irrigation amount is 20m 3 / mu; In this example, irrigation was carried out on August 15, 2024, when the plants were in the silking stage. The soil moisture before irrigation was 78%, and the irrigation volume was 20m 3 / mu; In this example, nitrogen fertilizer was applied as topdressing on July 14, 2024, with an application rate of 50 kg / hm 2 , at this time it is in the big bell mouth stage; In this example, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were applied on August 15, 2024, with the fertilizer application rate of 50.3 kg / hm 2 and 27kg / hm 2 , at this time it is in the silk-spinning stage; After sowing summer corn, immediately connect the micro-spraying belt to the branch pipe. If the soil moisture is insufficient after sowing summer corn, immediately irrigate the seedlings with water at a rate of 20m 3 / mu. The key periods for water and fertilizer management of summer corn are the big bell stage, silking stage, and grain filling stage. The amount of irrigation during the growth period of summer corn can be determined according to the soil moisture conditions. If the soil moisture conditions are insufficient, 20~30m 3 / mu.

[0041] Top dressing is carried out by integrating micro-spraying of water and fertilizer during the corn tasseling stage and silking stage. The nitrogen fertilizer distribution ratio is 1:1, and all potassium fertilizers are applied during the silking stage.

[0042] (2) Pest and disease control: In this embodiment, herbicides and insecticides are sprayed on June 28, 2024, with spraying amounts of 50 ml / mu and 30 ml / mu respectively; In this embodiment, the regulator, insecticide and fungicide are sprayed on July 18, 2024, and the spraying amount is 20ml / mu, 25ml / mu and 30ml / mu; In this embodiment, insecticide / fungicide is sprayed on August 20, 2024, and the spraying amount is 25ml / mu and 30ml / mu; Use post-emergence stem and leaf weeding, and use an overhead sprayer to weed when corn is 3 to 5 leaves. Use drones to spray insecticides and fungicides during the critical period of pests and diseases. The types and amounts of summer corn herbicides should comply with the provisions of GB / T8321 and GB4285. The types and amounts of insecticides and fungicides should comply with the provisions of GB4285, and drone spraying should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of DB14 / T1221.

[0043] 7. Summer corn harvest: In this embodiment, summer corn was harvested using a harvesting machine on October 12, 2024, with a total yield of 101.6 tons; The best harvest period for summer corn is 7 to 10 days after the black layer appears on the kernels.

[0044] 8. Maintenance of micro-spray piping system: After the summer corn is harvested, the water in the micro-spraying tape and the ground branch pipes will be drained, and the micro-spraying tape will be recovered by a micro-spraying tape recovery machine and coiled up by a winding device. The speed of the winding machine should not be too fast and the tape should be stored in a ventilated and dry warehouse to avoid being bitten by rats. The branch pipes will be removed to prepare for the tillage of winter wheat.

[0045] IX. Experimental results: Based on the technology of the present invention, the winter wheat yield per mu in the demonstration area of ​​Shijiazhuang Luquan Base will be 651.6 kg, and the summer corn yield per mu will be 846.6 kg; the annual yield per mu (the total of the annual winter wheat yield and summer corn yield / mu) will reach 1498.1 kg, the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity will reach 56.7 kg / kg, and the irrigation water utilization efficiency will reach 8.3 kg / m 3 Compared with traditional furrow irrigation, the annual yield increases by 12.3%, water saves by 28%, and nitrogen saves by 5.7%. Compared with the existing micro-sprinkler irrigation, this technology mode saves 32% of branch pipes and more than 30% of irrigation management labor compared with ordinary micro-sprinkler irrigation systems; compared with shallow buried drip irrigation, it can prevent the belt from being bitten by insects, has high irrigation efficiency, strong anti-clogging, and can save labor costs of 30 to 50 yuan per mu. After field application and promotion, this product can generate considerable economic and social benefits.

[0046] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spraying belts in winter wheat-summer corn annual rotation, characterized in that: The planting method comprises two rows of winter wheat as one seedling strip, a row of blank strips is reserved between adjacent seedling strips, a micro-spray irrigation system is laid when the winter wheat is planted, wherein the micro-spray strip is shallowly buried in the blank strip synchronously with the wheat sowing, summer corn is planted in the blank strip after the winter wheat is harvested, and the micro-spray strip is recovered after the summer corn is harvested.

2. The mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spraying belts in the annual rotation of winter wheat and summer corn according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The planting distance between the two rows of winter wheat is 10 cm.

3. The mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spraying belt in the annual rotation of winter wheat and summer corn according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The width of the blank strip between adjacent seedling strips is 20cm.

4. The mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spraying belts in the annual rotation of winter wheat and summer corn according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The planting distance between the two rows of summer corn is 60 cm.

5. The mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spraying belts in the annual rotation of winter wheat and summer corn according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The laying spacing of the micro-spraying tape is 1.8m or 2.4m; the single-side laying length of the micro-spraying tape is greater than or equal to 100m; and the shallow burial depth of the micro-spraying tape is 1-3cm.

6. The mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spraying belts in the annual rotation of winter wheat and summer corn according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The folding diameter of the micro-spray tape is 63 mm or 80 mm.

7. The mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spraying belts in the annual rotation of winter wheat and summer corn according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The micro-sprinkler irrigation system comprises a water source, a head hub system and a micro-sprinkler pipeline system; wherein the micro-sprinkler pipeline system comprises an underground main pipe, an underground branch pipe, an above-ground branch pipe and a micro-sprinkler belt.

8. The mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spraying belts in the annual rotation of winter wheat and summer corn according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The laying distance of the above-ground branch pipe is 80-110 mm in diameter; the above-ground branch pipe is a soft belt with prefabricated holes; the spacing between the prefabricated holes is consistent with the laying distance of the micro-spraying belt.

9. The mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spraying belts in the annual rotation of winter wheat and summer corn according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The micro-spraying belt is laid simultaneously with the sowing of winter wheat by using a winter wheat shallow buried micro-spraying belt sowing integrated machine.

10. The mechanized planting method of shallow buried micro-spraying belts in the annual rotation of winter wheat and summer corn according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The winter wheat and summer corn are both sown using satellite navigation.

Images