River crab feed containing reed base mushroom bran and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides river crab feed containing reed base mushroom residues and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed. The river crab feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40-50 parts of reed base mushroom bran, 15-20 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of fish meal, 2-3 parts of a mineral additive and 1-2 parts of functional plant components, has certain hardness and stability, can still keep a relatively good shape after being soaked in water for 2-3 hours, and can be used as a feed for river crabs. The feed intake of the river crabs is facilitated; the loss of the feed in water is reduced; the contents of crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins contained in the river crab feed meet the growth requirements of river crabs. The feed provided by the invention has better feeding effect on river crabs than natural bait, has lower feeding cost than commercial feed, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic feed, in particular to a river crab feed containing reed-based fungus bran and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Reed-based fungus bran is the solid waste left after the cultivation of edible fungi using natural reed substrate. Compared with crop straw, natural reed is a higher quality raw material of lignin and cellulose. The biological efficiency of cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus, such as Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus geesteranus, Pleurotus geesteranus, Pleurotus geesteranus, etc., can reach 70-120%. And due to the high amino acid content of edible fungi cultivated in reed substrate, its fruiting body has a more delicious taste. The cellulose and lignin of reed straw are fully decomposed, transformed and synthesized by edible fungi to form a series of carbon-containing organic components, among which a small part of organic combination is synthesized into macromolecular organic matter, and then develops into fruiting body. The utilization of organic nutrients of the substrate by the mycelium of this part of edible fungi only accounts for a small part of the total nutrients of the substrate. The bran still has a large amount of mycelium and its decomposed small molecule organic nutrients, which need to be utilized. Using reed to cultivate edible fungi is a new model of combining wetland and agriculture, which has positive significance for wetland ecological protection and community economic development. Therefore, the resource utilization of reed-based fungus bran is very important and necessary.

[0003] River crab, Chinese mitten crab, is a widely cultivated aquatic product with significant economic value. It is currently cultivated on a large scale in wetland water bodies. The existing methods of ecological cultivation of river crabs in wetlands are mainly based on the regulation of river crab cultivation density calculated based on natural bait in wetlands. However, due to the high quality of river crabs ecologically raised in natural wetlands, they are deeply loved by people. The area and intensity of cultivation have increased. The supply of animal bait such as small fish and shrimps is likely to bring eutrophication risks to wetland water bodies, and it is not easy to supplement them in large quantities. Therefore, the demand for feed for river crabs cultivated in natural wetlands has gradually increased. In addition, river crabs need to shed their shells 7-10 times during their development process. They need to be temporarily fattened in pulao around the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day in the north, and the demand for feed is relatively large. Therefore, preparing a reed-based feed that can meet the growth needs of river crabs is of great significance to river crab cultivation and the resource utilization of reed-based fungus bran. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a river crab feed containing reed-based mushroom chaff and a preparation method thereof, which can not only meet the growth needs of river crabs, but also realize the resource utilization of reed-based mushroom chaff.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a river crab feed, comprising the following components in parts by mass: 40-50 parts of reed-based fungus bran, 15-20 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 10-15% of fish meal, 2-3 parts of mineral additives and 1-2 parts of functional plant ingredients.

[0007] Preferably, the reed-based fungus bran comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-60% reed debris, 15-30% corn cobs, 5-10% wheat bran, 6-10% bean paste, 0.5-1.0% gypsum and 0.5-1.0% lime.

[0008] Preferably, the mineral additive comprises the following components in percentage: the following components in weight parts: 0.5-1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-1.3 parts of shell powder and 0.5-0.7 part of salt.

[0009] Preferably, the functional plant ingredients include the following components in parts by weight: 0.3-0.6 parts of mugwort, 0.4-0.8 parts of artemisia annua and 0.3-0.6 parts of liquorice.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the river crab feed, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1. Mixing the raw materials for preparing crab feed with water to obtain a mixture;

[0012] S2. preparing the mixed material into pellet feed and drying it in the air until the moisture content is below 10%.

[0013] Preferably, the water content of the mixture is 18-22%.

[0014] Preferably, the pellet feed is in a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the cylinder is 1.5 to 2.5 mm, and the length of the cylinder is 4.5 to 5.5 mm.

[0015] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the river crab feed of the present invention comprises the following components by mass: 40-50 parts of reed-based fungus bran, 15-20 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 10-15% of fish meal, 2-3 parts of mineral additives and 1-2 parts of functional plant ingredients. The river crab feed has a certain hardness and stability, and can still maintain a good shape after being soaked in water for 2-3 hours, which is conducive to river crabs eating and reducing the loss of feed in water; the crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins contained in the river crab feed meet the growth requirements of river crabs. The feed of the present invention has a better feeding effect on river crabs than natural bait, and the feeding cost is lower than that of commercial feed, which is suitable for large-scale promotion and application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The invention provides a crab feed, comprising the following components by weight: 40-50 parts of reed-based fungus bran, 15-20 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 10-15% of fish meal, 2-3 parts of mineral additives and 1-2 parts of functional plant ingredients.

[0017] In the crab feed of the present invention, the mass fraction of the reed-based fungus bran is 40 to 50 parts, more preferably 42 to 48 parts, and more preferably 45 parts;

[0018] The mass fraction of the corn flour is 15 to 20 parts, more preferably 17 to 19 parts, and more preferably 18 parts;

[0019] The mass fraction of the wheat bran is 15 to 20 parts, more preferably 16 to 19 parts, and more preferably 18 parts;

[0020] The mass fraction of the fish meal is 10 to 15 parts, more preferably 11 to 14 parts, and more preferably 13 parts;

[0021] The mass fraction of the mineral additive is 2 to 3 parts, more preferably 2.2 to 2.8 parts, and more preferably 2.5 parts;

[0022] The weight percentage of the functional plant component is 1 to 2 parts, more preferably 1.3 to 1.7 parts, and even more preferably 1.5 parts.

[0023] The reed-based fungus bran comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-60% of reed debris, 15-30% of corn cobs, 5-10% of wheat bran, 6-10% of bean paste, 0.5-1.0% of gypsum and 0.5-1.0% of lime;

[0024] The mineral additive includes the following components in mass fractions: 0.5-1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-1.3 parts of shell powder and 0.5-0.7 parts of salt. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate provides mineral elements such as phosphorus and potassium, which are used to promote animal growth, and also has the functions of improving the body's disease resistance and regulating acid-base balance; shell powder provides calcium, and salt provides sodium. The functional plant ingredients include the following components in percentage: 0.3-0.6 parts of wormwood, 0.4-0.8 parts of artemisia annua and 0.3-0.6 parts of licorice. Wormwood, artemisia annua and licorice provide crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids and chlorophyll for livestock and poultry, which can inhibit bacteria and kill viruses, prevent diseases, enhance physical fitness, promote blood circulation, enhance body metabolism, promote growth and development, and improve feed conversion rate.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the river crab feed, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Mixing the raw materials for preparing crab feed with water to obtain a mixture;

[0027] S2. preparing the mixed material into pellet feed and drying it in the air until the moisture content is below 10%.

[0028] The present invention firstly mixes the raw materials for preparing river crab feed with water to obtain a mixture, wherein the water content of the mixture is 18-22%, more preferably 19-21%, and more preferably 20%. The mixture is granulated, and the feed after granulation is cylindrical, wherein the diameter of the cylinder is 1.5-2.5 mm, more preferably 1.8-2.3 mm, more preferably 1.9-2.2 mm, and more preferably 2.0 mm; and the length of the cylinder is 4.5-5.5 mm, more preferably 4.8-5.2 mm, and more preferably 5.0 mm.

[0029] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] The reed-based formula for cultivating edible fungi is: 50% reed straw, 30% corn cob, 8% wheat bran, 10% bean paste, 1% gypsum, and 1% lime. The conventional bag cultivation method is used to cultivate Pleurotus citrinopileatus. After the third fruiting, the unpolluted mushroom sticks are selected, the fungus bran after the plastic bag is removed, and the fungus bran powder is obtained after natural drying for 5 days, and the reed-based fungus bran raw material for preparing river crab feed is obtained. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate food additives are purchased from Sichuan Jindi Yamei Technology Co., Ltd.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] According to dry weight calculation, weigh the following raw materials: 40kg of reed-based fungus bran powder, 20kg of corn flour, 20kg of wheat bran, 15kg of fish meal, 2kg of mineral additives (0.5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1kg of shell powder, 0.5kg of salt), 1kg of functional plant ingredients (0.3kg of wormwood, 0.4kg of Artemisia annua, 0.3kg of liquorice), put the weighed raw materials into a stirrer for mixing. Then add appropriate amount of water to further mix evenly, with a total water content of 20%. Evenly put the mixture into a pellet feed machine to make a cylindrical pellet feed with a diameter of 2mm and a length of 5mm, dry it to a water content of 8%, and bag it for standby use.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] According to dry weight calculation, weigh the following raw materials: 45kg of reed-based fungus bran powder, 20kg of corn flour, 20kg of wheat bran, 10kg of fish meal, 2.5kg of mineral additives, 0.7kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.2kg of shell powder, 0.6kg of salt, 1.5kg of functional plant ingredients (0.5kg of wormwood, 0.5kg of artemisia annua, 0.5kg of liquorice), put the weighed raw materials into a blender and mix them. Then add an appropriate amount of water to further mix them, with a total water content of 20%. Evenly put the mixture into a pellet feed machine to make cylindrical pellet feed with a diameter of 2mm and a length of 5mm, and then bag them for use after drying.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] According to dry weight calculation, the following raw materials are weighed: 50kg of reed-based fungus bran powder, 20kg of corn flour, 15kg of wheat bran, 10kg of fish meal, 3kg of mineral additives (1kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.3kg of shell powder, 0.7kg of salt), 2kg of functional plant ingredients (0.6kg of wormwood, 0.8kg of artemisia annua, 0.6kg of liquorice), and the weighed raw materials are put into a blender for mixing. Then, an appropriate amount of water is added to further mix evenly, and the total water content is 20%.

[0037] The mixture is evenly put into a pellet feed machine to make cylindrical pellet feed with a diameter of 2mm and a length of 5mm. After drying, it is bagged for later use.

[0038] Experimental Example 1. Physical and chemical composition testing of pellet feed

[0039] 1. Physical properties of reed-based feed

[0040] The prepared pellet feed has a uniform appearance, complete particles, a certain hardness and stability, and can still maintain a good shape after soaking in water for 2 to 3 hours, which is conducive to river crab feeding and reduces the loss of feed in the water. This is because corn flour has a certain viscosity and can be used as a natural binder for feed, which is conducive to maintaining the properties of feed.

[0041] 2. Chemical composition detection of reed-based feed

[0042] The reed-based feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 3, as well as the natural baits and commercial feeds were tested for crude protein content, crude fat content, carbohydrate content, as well as minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, and heavy metal pesticide residues. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1 Test results of chemical composition of reed-based feed

[0044]

[0045] At the same time, the content of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus meets the growth needs of river crabs; no harmful substances such as heavy metals and pesticides were detected, and there were no problems such as excessive heavy metals and pesticide residues, ensuring the safety of eating river crabs.

[0046] Experimental Example 2. Experiment on the feeding effect of river crabs

[0047] Five river crab breeding ponds were built in the reed wetland, each with 6m×10m. Five groups of experiments were set up. The river crabs were fed with natural baits such as fish and shrimp in pond No. 1, and the river crabs were fed with commercial river crab feed in pond No. 2. Ponds No. 1 and No. 2 were used as control groups. The other three ponds, namely, ponds No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5, were respectively fed with reed-based fungus bran feeds made in Examples 1, 2 and 3. Each pond was put with 24 river crabs of the same specification of 5±0.5g. River crab seedlings were put in mid-to-late April, and the breeding cycle was 4 months. When the water temperature rose to 15°C, normal feeding began, and the crabs were fed once every evening. The daily feeding amount from May to June was 5-10% of the total weight of the crabs, and the total feeding amount during this period accounted for about 25% of the entire feeding cycle; from July to August, the daily feeding amount was 3% to 5% of the total weight of the crabs, and the total feeding amount during this period accounted for about 35% of the entire feeding cycle. During the first and middle ten days of September, most river crabs have completed their reproductive molting and entered the fattening stage. It is necessary to strengthen the nutrition of river crabs before they are put on the market. The daily feeding amount is 8% to 10% of the total weight of the crabs. The total feeding amount during this period accounts for about 40% of the entire feeding cycle. The natural bait is ordinary small fish and shrimp purchased from Longquan Market, Longquan North Street, Anguang Town, Da'an City; the commercial feed is XE0515 (river crab feed) from Shenyang Hefeng Aquatic Feed Co., Ltd.

[0048] After 4 months, 6 crabs were fished out from each group, measured and weighed, and the feed cost was calculated. At the same time, the water quality was tested. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0049] Table 3 Comparison of feed cost, nutrients, crab weight and water nutrients

[0050]

[0051] As shown in Table 3, the growth of crabs fed with the reed-based feed of the present invention is better than that of crabs fed with natural feed, and slightly worse than that of crabs fed with commercial feed, but the feed cost can be saved by more than 20%.

[0052] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a crab feed containing reed-based fungus bran and a preparation method thereof. The feeding effect of the reed-based feed prepared by the present invention is better than that of natural bait, and the feed cost is reduced compared to crabs fed with commercial feed.

[0053] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crab feed, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of reed-based fungus bran, 15-20 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 10-15% of fish meal, 2-3 parts of mineral additives and 1-2 parts of functional plant ingredients.

2. The crab feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reed-based fungus bran comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-60% of reed debris, 15-30% of corn cobs, 5-10% of wheat bran, 6-10% of bean paste, 0.5-1.0% of gypsum and 0.5-1.0% of lime.

3. The crab feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mineral additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 to 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 to 1.3 parts of shell powder and 0.5 to 0.7 parts of salt.

4. The crab feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The functional plant ingredients include the following components in parts by weight: 0.3-0.6 parts of mugwort leaves, 0.4-0.8 parts of artemisia annua and 0.3-0.6 parts of liquorice.

5. The method for preparing the crab feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Mixing the raw materials for preparing crab feed with water to obtain a mixture; S2. preparing the mixed material into pellet feed and drying it in the air until the moisture content is below 10%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water content of the mixture is 18-22%.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pellet feed is in the shape of a cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder is 1.5 to 2.5 mm, and the length of the cylinder is 4.5 to 5.5 mm.

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