Extraction method and extraction equipment for plant exosomes

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant exosome extraction method and extraction equipment, and relates to the technical field of exosome extraction, the plant exosome extraction equipment comprises two filter screens, the two filter screens are symmetrically arranged up and down, the filter screens are arranged in a wavy mode, filter holes are formed in the sides, close to a fixing ring, of the filter screens, and the filter holes are located in the concave positions of the filter screens; a through hole is formed in the top of the filter screen, the diameter of the hole in the filter screen is gradually increased from outside to inside, very small impurities can be removed in the initial stage of filtration due to the design that the hole is gradually enlarged, the through hole is formed in the convex part of the filter screen, and the filter hole is elliptical. According to the plant exosome extraction method and extraction equipment, the wavy filter screen is arranged, so that a sample has a larger contact area and a more reasonable flowing path on the filter screen, and the filtering process is quicker. Furthermore, more liquid parts can be filtered out in a relatively short time, so that the filtering time is shortened, and the efficiency of the whole exosome extraction process is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of exosome extraction, and in particular to a method and equipment for extracting plant exosomes. Background Art

[0002] Plant exosomes, in a narrow sense, refer to extracellular vesicles of a specified size range secreted by plant cells. However, since there is no unified international definition standard, in recent years, researchers from various countries have referred to the isolation method of animal cell exosomes, and prepared a series of plant-derived nanovesicles or exosome-like nanoparticles from plant samples, which have also been included in the concept of exosomes. They are mainly derived from multivesicular bodies formed by the invagination of intracellular lysosomal microparticles, and are released into the extracellular matrix after the fusion of the multivesicular outer membrane with the cell membrane. A variety of cells can secrete exosomes under normal and pathological conditions. Exosomes contain complex RNA and proteins. All cultured cell types can secrete exosomes, and exosomes exist naturally in body fluids.

[0003] In the process of centrifugal extraction of plants, the existing plant exosome composition extraction device increases the difficulty of extraction and reduces the extraction efficiency because the plants are not completely crushed. At the same time, the existing plant exosome composition extraction device needs to be manually cleaned after use, which not only fails to ensure the quality of cleaning, but also greatly increases the work pressure of workers. Summary of the invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for extracting plant exosomes, comprising the following steps: S1. Plant crushing: clean the plant material and then crush the plant tissue using crushing equipment; S2, screening and filtering, the crushed sample is initially filtered using an extraction device to remove larger impurities; S3, centrifugation, first low-speed centrifugation, then medium-speed centrifugation, and finally high-speed centrifugation, at which time the supernatant is enriched with exosomes; S4, ultracentrifugation, transferring the supernatant after the above centrifugation into an ultracentrifuge tube, so that the exosomes are precipitated at the bottom of the centrifuge tube; S5. Washing and resuspension: wash the precipitate with PBS buffer and resuspend it in an appropriate amount of PBS buffer to obtain an exosome suspension.

[0005] The extraction device according to S2 comprises a frame, a shell is fixedly connected to the top of the frame, a feed port is fixedly connected to the top of the shell, a motor is fixedly connected to the top of the shell, an output end of the motor passes through the shell, and a cooling pipe is fixedly connected to the inside of the shell; A screening component, the screening component is fixedly installed inside the shell; A filter assembly is fixedly installed inside the housing and is located below the screening assembly; The filter assembly includes a rotating shaft, which is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, and is rotatably connected to the housing. A fixing ring is rotatably connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft, and an intermediate assembly is fixedly connected to the outer side of the fixing ring. Preferably, the intermediate component includes two filters, which are symmetrically arranged up and down. The sample after preliminary filtration flows to the edge of the filter through the guide plate, and then under the action of the sample's own gravity, the sample flows toward the middle along the filter. By setting a wavy filter, the sample can have more contact area on the filter and a more reasonable flow path, making the filtration process faster. Therefore, more liquid can be filtered out in a shorter time, the filtration time is reduced, and the efficiency of the entire exosome extraction process is improved. The filter is in a wave setting, and a filter hole is provided on the side of the filter close to the fixed ring, and the filter hole is located in the depression of the filter. A through hole is provided on the top of the filter, and the diameter of the holes on the filter gradually increases from the outside to the inside. The design of gradually increasing holes can remove very fine impurities in the early stage of filtration to ensure the purity of the filtrate. Then, in the subsequent filtration process, the passage of exosomes will not be hindered due to the small filter holes, thereby improving the recovery rate of exosomes. It can not only intercept impurities of different sizes, but also allow exosomes to pass smoothly, and has a better filtration effect on complex plant samples. At the same time, in the process of the sample flowing downward, the flow rate will be appropriately accelerated due to the gradual enlargement of the holes, further reducing the risk of blockage. The through hole is set at the bulge of the filter, and the filter hole is set in an elliptical manner.

[0006] The inner cavity of the shell is provided with a fixed block, and the outer surface of the fixed block is set as an inclined surface inclined from the outside to the middle. The end of the fixed block is fixedly connected to a limit ring, and the limit ring is fixedly connected to the inside of the shell. The outer side of the fixed block is slidably connected with a slip ring. The cooling pipe is located at the interval between the slip ring and the shell. The top of the slip ring is fixedly connected with a guide plate, and the guide plate is in the shape of a lower hopper. A circular hole is opened on the outer surface of the fixed block close to the shell, and the circular hole penetrates the fixed block. A slide groove is opened in the middle of the outer side of the fixed block, and the slide groove is trapezoidal. The inside of the slide groove is slidably connected to the limit block, and the limit block penetrates the shell, and the limit block is slidably connected to the shell. The end of the limit block away from the shell is fixedly connected with a positioning component, and the positioning component penetrates the fixed block, and the positioning component is slidably connected to the fixed block.

[0007] Preferably, the filter screen is fixedly connected to a fixed frame at one end away from the fixed ring, and a round rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed frame. The round rod is located inside the circular hole, and the round rod is slidably connected to the fixed block through the circular hole. A spring is fixedly connected to a side of the fixed frame close to the circular rod. The sample after preliminary filtration passes through the filter cartridge and falls above the guide plate, and falls above the filter screen along the guide plate. Under the action of the sample's own gravity, the guide plate is forced to drive the slip ring downward, and at this time the slip ring contacts and squeezes the top of the limit block, so that the limit block pushes the round rod to move in the direction away from the limit block. At this time, the inclination angle of the filter screen becomes larger, which can speed up the filtration speed and avoid blockage. The end of the spring away from the fixed frame is fixedly connected to the fixed block, and the fixed frame is fixedly connected to a baffle ring near the top of the filter screen. The end of the fixed frame away from the baffle ring is fixedly connected to a baffle plate, and the baffle plate and the baffle ring are located on the same vertical plane, and the baffle plate is arranged in an arc shape.

[0008] Preferably, the shell includes an outer shell, the outer side of the outer shell is fixedly connected to the frame, an inclined plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer shell near the screening component, the inclined plate is fixedly connected to the screening component, and a discharge hole is opened in the middle of the bottom of the outer shell.

[0009] Preferably, the positioning assembly includes an extension rod, which is fixedly connected to one end of the extension rod and the limit block away from the outer shell. The sample after preliminary filtration passes through the filter cartridge and falls above the guide plate, and falls above the filter screen along the guide plate. Under the action of the sample's own gravity, the guide plate is forced to drive the slip ring downward. At this time, the slip ring contacts and squeezes the top of the limit block. The limit block pushes the trapezoidal block to contact the outer side of the middle rotating shaft through the extension rod. The friction between the trapezoidal block and the rotating shaft becomes larger, which makes the rotation speed of the rotating shaft smaller, and then the filtration of the screening assembly slows down, which reduces the sample entering the filter screen, avoids too much sample feeding, and affects the purity of the sample after filtration. The extension rod is slidably connected to the fixed block, and the end of the extension rod away from the limit block is fixedly connected to the trapezoidal block, and the end of the trapezoidal block away from the extension rod is provided with a through groove.

[0010] Preferably, the screening assembly includes a filter cartridge, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inclined plate, and a rotating plate is provided inside the filter cartridge. The crushed sample is added to the inside of the shell through the feed port, and the sample enters the inside of the filter cartridge along the inclined plate. By setting the filter cartridge, the sample can be preliminarily filtered, and thus the exosomes can be separated from larger cell fragments and impurities. At the same time, the motor is connected to an external power supply, the motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the rotating plate and the scraper to rotate, so that the sample inside the filter cartridge is driven to rotate, and then the rotating plate cleans the sample on the inner wall of the filter cartridge to prevent the filter cartridge from being blocked, and the filtering effect can also be improved. At the same time, the scraper drives the sample at the bottom to flip upward to avoid sample accumulation affecting the filtration. The rotating plate is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and a scraper is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft near the inner bottom of the filter cartridge, and the scraper is inclined.

[0011] The present invention provides a plant exosome extraction method and extraction equipment. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This plant exosome extraction method and extraction equipment, by setting a wavy filter, can allow the sample to have more contact area and a more reasonable flow path on the filter, making the filtration process faster. In addition, more liquid parts can be filtered out in a shorter time, reducing the filtration time and improving the efficiency of the entire exosome extraction process.

[0012] 2. This plant exosome extraction method and extraction equipment, through the design of gradually enlarging holes, can not only intercept impurities of different sizes, but also allow exosomes to pass smoothly, and has a better filtering effect on complex plant samples. At the same time, as the sample flows downward, the flow rate will be appropriately accelerated due to the gradual enlargement of the holes, further reducing the risk of blockage.

[0013] 3. A plant exosome extraction method and extraction equipment, through the limit block through the extension rod to push the trapezoidal block to contact the outer side of the middle rotating shaft, the friction between the trapezoidal block and the rotating shaft becomes larger, so that the rotation speed of the rotating shaft becomes smaller, and then the filtration of the screening component becomes slower, so that the sample entering the filter is reduced, avoiding too much sample input and affecting the purity of the sample after filtration.

[0014] 4. This plant exosome extraction method and extraction equipment can perform preliminary filtration on the sample by setting a filter cartridge, thereby separating the exosomes from larger cell fragments and impurities. At the same time, the motor is connected to an external power supply, the motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the rotating plate and the scraper to rotate, so that the sample inside the filter cartridge is driven to rotate, and then the rotating plate cleans the sample on the inner wall of the filter cartridge to prevent the filter cartridge from being blocked. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a process for extracting plant exosomes according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a plant exosome extraction device of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a half-section top view of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the filter assembly of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the intermediate component of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the shell structure of the present invention; Fig. 9It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an enlarged view of the positioning component of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the screening component of the present invention.

[0016] In the figure: 1. frame; 2. shell; 21. outer shell; 22. inclined plate; 23. discharge hole; 3. feed inlet; 4. motor; 5. screening component; 51. filter cartridge; 52. rotating plate; 53. scraper; 6. filter component; 61. rotating shaft; 62. fixing ring; 63. intermediate component; 631. filter screen; 632. filter hole; 633. round rod; 634. spring; 635. through hole; 636. retaining ring; 637. baffle; 638. fixed frame; 64. guide plate; 65. fixing block; 66. limiting block; 67. positioning component; 671. extension rod; 672. trapezoidal block; 673. through groove; 68. slide groove; 69. round hole; 610. slip ring; 611. limiting ring; 7. cooling pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

[0018] The first embodiment, as Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: A method for extracting plant exosomes, comprising the following steps: S1. Plant crushing: clean the plant material and then crush the plant tissue using crushing equipment; S2, screening and filtering, the crushed sample is initially filtered using an extraction device to remove larger impurities; S3, centrifugation, first low-speed centrifugation, then medium-speed centrifugation, and finally high-speed centrifugation, at which time the supernatant is enriched with exosomes; S4, ultracentrifugation, transferring the supernatant after the above centrifugation into an ultracentrifuge tube, so that the exosomes are precipitated at the bottom of the centrifuge tube; S5. Washing and resuspension: wash the precipitate with PBS buffer and resuspend it in an appropriate amount of PBS buffer to obtain an exosome suspension.

[0019] According to the extraction device in S2, it includes a frame 1, a shell 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the frame 1, a feed port 3 is fixedly connected to the top of the shell 2, a motor 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the shell 2, an output end of the motor 4 passes through the shell 2, and a cooling pipe 7 is fixedly connected to the inside of the shell 2; A screening component 5, the screening component 5 is fixedly installed inside the housing 2; A filter assembly 6, which is fixedly mounted inside the housing 2 and is located below the screening assembly 5; The filter assembly 6 includes a rotating shaft 61, which is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 4, and is rotatably connected to the housing 2. A fixing ring 62 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft 61, and an intermediate assembly 63 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the fixing ring 62. The intermediate component 63 includes a filter screen 631. There are two filter screens 631, and the two filter screens 631 are symmetrically arranged up and down. The sample after preliminary filtration flows to the edge of the filter screen 631 through the guide plate 64, and then under the action of the gravity of the sample itself, the sample flows toward the middle along the filter screen 631. By setting a wavy filter screen 631, the sample can have more contact area and a more reasonable flow path on the filter screen 631, making the filtration process faster. Therefore, more liquid can be filtered out in a shorter time, the filtering time is reduced, and the efficiency of the entire exosome extraction process is improved. The filter screen 631 is in a wave configuration. A filter hole 632 is provided on one side of the filter screen 631 close to the fixing ring 62, and the filter hole 632 is located in the depression of the filter screen 631. A through hole 635 is provided on the top of the filter screen 631. The diameter of the hole on the filter screen 631 gradually increases from the outside to the inside. The design of gradually increasing holes can remove very fine impurities in the early stage of filtration to ensure the purity of the filtrate. Then, in the subsequent filtration process, the passage of exosomes will not be hindered due to the small filter holes, thereby improving the recovery rate of exosomes. It can not only intercept impurities of different sizes, but also allow exosomes to pass smoothly, and has a better filtering effect on complex plant samples. At the same time, in the process of the sample flowing downward, the flow rate will be appropriately accelerated due to the gradual enlargement of the holes, further reducing the risk of blockage. The through hole 635 is set at the protrusion of the filter screen 631, and the filter hole 632 is set in an elliptical configuration.

[0020] The inner cavity of the shell 2 is provided with a fixed block 65, and the outer surface of the fixed block 65 is set as an inclined surface inclined from the outer side to the middle part. The end of the fixed block 65 is fixedly connected to a limit ring 611, and the limit ring 611 is fixedly connected to the inside of the shell 2. The outer side of the fixed block 65 is slidably connected with a slip ring 610. The cooling pipe 7 is located at the interval between the slip ring 610 and the shell 2. The top of the slip ring 610 is fixedly connected with a guide plate 64, and the guide plate 64 is in a lower hopper shape. A circular hole 69 is opened on the outer surface of the fixed block 65 close to the shell 2, and the circular hole 69 penetrates the fixed block 65. A slide groove 68 is opened in the middle of the outer side of the fixed block 65, and the slide groove 68 is set in a trapezoidal shape. The inner part of the slide groove 68 is slidably connected to a limit block 66, and the limit block 66 penetrates the shell 2, and the limit block 66 is slidably connected to the shell 2. The end of the limit block 66 away from the shell 2 is fixedly connected with a positioning component 67, and the positioning component 67 penetrates the fixed block 65, and the positioning component 67 is slidably connected to the fixed block 65.

[0021] The second embodiment is based on the first embodiment. Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the end of the filter screen 631 away from the fixing ring 62 is fixedly connected to a fixing frame 638, and the bottom of the fixing frame 638 is fixedly connected to a round rod 633, which is located inside the round hole 69. The round rod 633 is slidably connected to the fixing block 65 through the round hole 69, and the side of the fixing frame 638 close to the round rod 633 is fixedly connected to a spring 634. The sample after preliminary filtration passes through the filter cartridge 51 and falls above the guide plate 64, and falls along the guide plate 64 to the top of the filter screen 631. Under the gravity of the sample itself, the guide plate 64 is forced to drive the slip ring 610 to move downward, and at this time the slip ring 610 contacts and squeezes the top of the limit block 66, so that the limit block 66 pushes the round rod 633 to move in the direction away from the limit block 66. At this time, the inclination angle of the filter 631 becomes larger, which can speed up the filtration speed and avoid blockage. The end of the spring 634 away from the fixed frame 638 is fixedly connected to the fixed block 65, and the fixed frame 638 is fixedly connected with a retaining ring 636 near the top of the filter 631. The end of the fixed frame 638 away from the retaining ring 636 is fixedly connected with a baffle 637. The baffle 637 and the retaining ring 636 are located on the same vertical plane, and the baffle 637 is arranged in an arc shape.

[0022] The third embodiment is based on the first and second embodiments. Figures 8 to 10 As shown, the shell 2 includes an outer shell 21, the outer side of the outer shell 21 is fixedly connected to the frame 1, an inclined plate 22 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer shell 21 near the screening component 5, the inclined plate 22 is fixedly connected to the screening component 5, and a discharge hole 23 is opened in the middle of the bottom of the outer shell 21.

[0023] The positioning assembly 67 includes an extension rod 671, which is fixedly connected to the end of the limit block 66 away from the housing 21. The sample after preliminary filtration passes through the filter cartridge 51 and falls above the guide plate 64, and falls along the guide plate 64 to the top of the filter screen 631. Under the gravity of the sample itself, the guide plate 64 is forced to drive the slip ring 610 to move downward. At this time, the slip ring 610 contacts and squeezes the top of the limit block 66. The limit block 66 pushes the trapezoidal block 672 and the middle block 631 through the extension rod 671. The outer side of the rotating shaft 61 of the extension rod 671 is in contact with the extension rod 671, and the friction between the trapezoidal block 672 and the rotating shaft 61 becomes larger, which makes the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 61 decrease, and then the filtering of the screening component 5 becomes slower, so that the sample entering the filter screen 631 is reduced, so as to avoid excessive sample input and affect the purity of the sample after filtration. The extension rod 671 is slidably connected to the fixed block 65, and the end of the extension rod 671 away from the limit block 66 is fixedly connected to the trapezoidal block 672, and the end of the trapezoidal block 672 away from the extension rod 671 is provided with a through groove 673.

[0024] The screening component 5 includes a filter cartridge 51, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inclined plate 22. A rotating plate 52 is arranged inside the filter cartridge 51. The crushed sample is added to the interior of the housing 21 through the feed port 3, and the sample enters the interior of the filter cartridge 51 along the inclined plate 22. By setting the filter cartridge 51, the sample can be preliminarily filtered, so that the exosomes can be separated from larger cell fragments and impurities. At the same time, the motor 4 is connected to an external power supply to work, and the motor 4 drives the rotating shaft 61 to rotate. The rotating shaft 61 drives the rotating plate 52 and the scraper 53 to rotate, so that the sample inside the filter cartridge 51 is driven to rotate. Then the rotating plate 52 cleans the sample on the inner wall of the filter cartridge 51 to prevent the filter cartridge 51 from being blocked, and the filtering effect can also be improved. At the same time, the scraper 53 drives the sample at the bottom to flip upward to avoid sample accumulation affecting the filtration. The rotating plate 52 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 61, and the rotating shaft 61 is fixedly connected to the scraper 53 near the inner bottom of the filter cartridge 51, and the scraper 53 is inclined.

[0025] When in use, the crushed sample is added to the interior of the shell 21 through the feed port 3, and the sample enters the interior of the filter cartridge 51 along the inclined plate 22. By setting the filter cartridge 51, the sample can be preliminarily filtered, and then the exosomes can be separated from larger cell fragments and impurities. At the same time, the motor 4 is connected to an external power supply, and the motor 4 drives the rotating shaft 61 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 61 drives the rotating plate 52 and the scraper 53 to rotate, so that the sample inside the filter cartridge 51 is driven to rotate, and then the rotating plate 52 cleans the sample on the inner wall of the filter cartridge 51 to prevent the filter cartridge 51 from being blocked.

[0026] The sample after preliminary filtration flows to the edge of the filter 631 through the guide plate 64, and then under the action of the sample's own gravity, the sample flows toward the middle along the filter 631. By setting a wavy filter 631, the sample can have more contact area and a more reasonable flow path on the filter 631, making the filtration process faster.

[0027] The sample after preliminary filtration passes through the filter cartridge 51 and falls onto the top of the guide plate 64, and then falls onto the top of the filter screen 631 along the guide plate 64. Under the action of the sample's own gravity, the guide plate 64 is forced to drive the slip ring 610 to move downward. At this time, the slip ring 610 contacts and squeezes the top of the limit block 66. The limit block 66 pushes the trapezoidal block 672 to contact the outer side of the middle rotating shaft 61 through the extension rod 671. The friction between the trapezoidal block 672 and the rotating shaft 61 increases, which reduces the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 61, and then slows down the filtration of the screening component 5, thereby reducing the amount of sample entering the filter screen 631, avoiding excessive sample input and affecting the purity of the sample after filtration.

[0028] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention are implemented according to the conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. A method for extracting plant exosomes, characterized in that: It consists of the following steps: S1. Plant crushing: clean the plant material and then crush the plant tissue using crushing equipment; S2, screening and filtering, the crushed sample is initially filtered using an extraction device to remove larger impurities; S3, centrifugation, first low-speed centrifugation, then medium-speed centrifugation, and finally high-speed centrifugation, at which time the supernatant is enriched with exosomes; S4, ultracentrifugation, transferring the supernatant after the above centrifugation into an ultracentrifuge tube, so that the exosomes are precipitated at the bottom of the centrifuge tube; S5, washing and resuspending, washing the precipitate with PBS buffer, and resuspending it in an appropriate amount of PBS buffer to obtain an exosome suspension; The extraction device according to S2 is characterized by comprising: A frame (1), the top of the frame (1) being fixedly connected to a shell (2), the top of the shell (2) being fixedly connected to a feed port (3), the top of the shell (2) being fixedly connected to a motor (4), the output end of the motor (4) passing through the shell (2), and the interior of the shell (2) being fixedly connected to a cooling pipe (7); A screening assembly (5), wherein the screening assembly (5) is fixedly mounted inside the housing (2); A filter assembly (6), the filter assembly (6) being fixedly mounted inside the housing (2), the filter assembly (6) being located below the screening assembly (5); The filter assembly (6) comprises a rotating shaft (61), the rotating shaft (61) being fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (4), the rotating shaft (61) being rotationally connected to the housing (2), the outer side of the rotating shaft (61) being rotationally connected to a fixing ring (62), and the outer side of the fixing ring (62) being fixedly connected to an intermediate assembly (63); The intermediate component (63) comprises a filter screen (631), wherein there are two filter screens (631), the two filter screens (631) are symmetrically arranged up and down, the filter screen (631) is arranged in a wave-like manner, a filter hole (632) is provided on a side of the filter screen (631) close to the fixing ring (62), and the filter hole (632) is located in a recessed position of the filter screen (631), a through hole (635) is provided on the top of the filter screen (631), and the through hole (635) is arranged at a protruding position of the filter screen (631), and the filter hole (632) is arranged in an elliptical shape.

2. A method for extracting plant exosomes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the shell (2) is provided with a fixing block (65), the outer surface of the fixing block (65) is configured as an inclined surface inclined from the outer side to the middle, the end of the fixing block (65) is fixedly connected to a limit ring (611), the limit ring (611) is fixedly connected to the inside of the shell (2), and the outer side of the fixing block (65) is slidably connected to a slip ring (610).

3. A method for extracting plant exosomes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling pipe (7) is located at the interval between the slip ring (610) and the shell (2); a guide plate (64) is fixedly connected to the top of the slip ring (610); the guide plate (64) is in the shape of a lower hopper; a circular hole (69) is provided on the outer surface of the fixed block (65) close to the shell (2); the circular hole (69) penetrates the fixed block (65); a slide groove (68) is provided in the middle of the outer side of the fixed block (65); the slide groove (68) is arranged in a trapezoidal shape.

4. A method for extracting plant exosomes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The interior of the slide groove (68) is slidably connected to a limit block (66), the limit block (66) passes through the shell (2), and the limit block (66) is slidably connected to the shell (2), and one end of the limit block (66) away from the shell (2) is fixedly connected to a positioning component (67), the positioning component (67) passes through the fixed block (65), and the positioning component (67) is slidably connected to the fixed block (65).

5. A method for extracting plant exosomes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The end of the filter screen (631) away from the fixing ring (62) is fixedly connected to a fixing frame (638); the bottom of the fixing frame (638) is fixedly connected to a round rod (633); the round rod (633) is located inside the round hole (69); the round rod (633) is slidably connected to the fixing block (65) through the round hole (69); and a spring (634) is fixedly connected to a side of the fixing frame (638) close to the round rod (633).

6. A method for extracting plant exosomes according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the spring (634) away from the fixing frame (638) is fixedly connected to the fixing block (65); a retaining ring (636) is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing frame (638) close to the filter screen (631); one end of the fixing frame (638) away from the retaining ring (636) is fixedly connected to a retaining plate (637); the retaining plate (637) and the retaining ring (636) are located on the same vertical plane; the retaining plate (637) is arranged in an arc shape.

7. A method for extracting plant exosomes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (2) comprises an outer shell (21), the outer side of the outer shell (21) is fixedly connected to the frame (1), an inclined plate (22) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer shell (21) close to the screening assembly (5), the inclined plate (22) is fixedly connected to the screening assembly (5), and a discharge hole (23) is provided in the middle of the bottom of the outer shell (21).

8. A method for extracting plant exosomes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning assembly (67) comprises an extension rod (671), the extension rod (671) being fixedly connected to one end of the limit block (66) away from the housing (21), the extension rod (671) being slidably connected to the fixed block (65), the extension rod (671) being fixedly connected to one end of the limit block (66) with a trapezoidal block (672), and the trapezoidal block (672) being provided with a through slot (673) at one end of the extension rod (671).

9. A method for extracting plant exosomes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening assembly (5) comprises a filter cartridge (51), the filter cartridge (51) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the inclined plate (22), a rotating plate (52) being arranged inside the filter cartridge (51), the rotating plate (52) being fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (61), a scraper (53) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner side of the rotating shaft (61) close to the filter cartridge (51), and the scraper (53) being arranged in an inclined manner.

Images