Three-phase separator and fluidized bed reactor using same

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-phase separator and a fluidized bed reactor using the same. The three-phase separator is arranged in a fluidized bed reactor, is used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation, and comprises a guide cylinder, a gas-liquid-solid separator, a gas-liquid-solid separator and a gas-liquid-solid separator, in an annular space of the guide cylinder and the reactor, continuous gas-liquid materials and carried solid catalyst particles move upwards, and first baffling of the liquid-solid materials is formed at the top; the baffling cylinder sleeves the upper part of the inner side of the guide cylinder; the liquid-solid material after the first baffling moves downwards in an annular space between the baffling cylinder and the guide cylinder, liquid-solid separation is formed at the bottom of the baffling cylinder, and the liquid-phase material is subjected to second baffling; the discharging barrel is arranged on the inner side of the baffling barrel in a sleeving manner; the top of the discharging barrel is arranged in an upper sealing head of the reactor, and an exhaust hole is formed in the wall surface of the lower part of the discharging barrel and is used for discharging a liquid-phase material subjected to secondary baffling and a gas-phase material gathered below the upper sealing head into the upper sealing head. According to the invention, the influence of rising gas on the liquid-solid separation efficiency and the influence of non-uniform circumferential flow on the catalyst circulation of the reactor can be effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gas-liquid-solid separation, and in particular to a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator and a fluidized bed reactor using the separator. Background Art

[0002] The ebullating bed reactor generally requires a gas, liquid, and solid three-phase separator to be placed in the upper part of the reactor. The liquid phase in the ebullating bed is the continuous phase, the gas phase passes through the reactor in the form of bubbles, and the gas is used as the driving force, and the solid phase is the dispersed phase. The ebullating bed reactor generally requires a gas, liquid, and solid three-phase separator to be placed in the upper part of the reactor to separate the gas and solid phases in the liquid product and circulate the solid catalyst in the reactor.

[0003] The existing three-phase separator has multiple annular cylinders arranged in the upper part of the reactor. Figure 1 As shown, the gas-liquid-solid mixture ascends in the annular inner cylinder, and the gas phase separation is completed at the upper gas-liquid interface; the liquid-solid mixed fluid overflows to the surroundings and enters the area between the outer annular cylinder and the inner annular cylinder to descend; the solid flows downward with the liquid in the annular area between the outer annular cylinder and the reactor wall according to the solid-liquid density difference, and returns to the main reaction area for circulation; the remaining liquid phase flows upward through the discharge pipe in the annular gap between the annular outer cylinder and the reactor wall under the action of the "U"-shaped tube principle and out of the reactor. That is, a gas phase outflow channel is set at the top of the reactor, and the liquid phase overflows out of the reactor at the side opening, and the solid catalyst flows out of the separator under the action of gravity difference in the liquid phase, realizing three-phase separation. This kind of three-phase separator is called a straight tube or expansion sequence type built-in three-phase separator.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent application CN101376092A discloses a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a cylindrical reactor shell perpendicular to the ground, a three-phase separator in the upper part of the shell, and a guide structure in the middle and upper part of the reactor. The guide structure is an annular protrusion structure arranged on the inner wall of the reactor, and the longitudinal section of the guide structure along the axis of the reactor is trapezoidal or arched. The arrangement of the guide structure and its organic combination with the three-phase separator increase the operational flexibility of the three-phase separator, ensure the efficient separation of the three-phase separator, and can greatly reduce the amount of catalyst carried out. However, this type of existing sequential built-in three-phase separator still has a certain amount of gas phase inflow at the position of the liquid-solid deflection, and the bubble tail vortex effect will cause disorder in the catalyst particles, affecting the solid-liquid separation effect; the millimeter-level bubbles rise faster, and the hundred-micron-level bubbles rise slower and will be affected by larger bubbles and move disorderly in the radial direction. At present, there are basically millimeter-level bubbles in the boiling bed reactor. In order to reduce the impact of the entry of bubbles in the vertical direction on the separation and prevent the gas from rising, the aforementioned guide structure is added to the straight reactor, or the inner diameter of the reactor is enlarged at the position of the built-in separator, that is, an expanded sequential built-in three-phase separator is adopted, so that the gas phase rises vertically and avoids the deflection area as much as possible. Although it can play a certain role, the liquid-solid separation still cannot avoid the influence of the upward gas, that is, the vertical rise of the gas phase and the downward trend of the solid phase separation make the interference of the two phases inevitable.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator and an ebullating bed reactor using the separator, so as to effectively avoid the influence of rising gas on liquid-solid separation efficiency and uneven circumferential flow on reactor catalyst circulation.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a three-phase separator and an ebullating bed reactor using the separator. Through the structural design of the guide tube, the deflection tube and the drainage barrel which are arranged from the outside to the inside, the influence of the rising gas on the liquid-solid separation efficiency and the influence of the circumferential flow unevenness on the catalyst circulation of the reactor can be effectively avoided.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-phase separator, which is arranged in a fluidized bed reactor and is used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation, comprising: a guide tube, which is coaxially arranged with the reactor; in the annular space between the guide tube and the reactor, continuous gas-liquid materials and carried solid catalyst particles ascend, and form a first deflection of liquid-solid materials at the top; a deflector tube, which is sleeved on the upper inner side of the guide tube; the liquid-solid materials after the first deflection descend in the annular space between the deflector tube and the guide tube, and liquid-solid separation is formed at the bottom of the deflector tube and the liquid phase material completes a second deflection; a discharge tube, which is sleeved on the inner side of the deflector tube; the top of the discharge tube is arranged in the upper head of the reactor, and the lower wall of the discharge tube is provided with an exhaust hole, which is used to discharge the liquid phase material after the second deflection and the gas phase material gathered below the upper head into the upper head.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the guide tube, the deflector tube and the discharge tube are all opened at both ends.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the top of the deflector tube is higher than the top of the guide tube; the top of the guide tube is flush with the opening position of the exhaust hole.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, an inclined expansion opening for radially distributing the liquid phase material may be provided on the upper edge of the discharge barrel, a baffle is provided above the top of the discharge barrel, and a sealing arrangement is provided at the connection between the discharge barrel body and the upper head bottom plate.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the angle of the inclined expansion opening can be set to 20° to 40°, and the length can be set to 0.3 to 0.5 times the diameter of the discharge barrel.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the guide tube may include upper and lower straight sections and a middle expansion section. The inclination angle of the expansion section is preferably set to 50° to 70°.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the three-phase separator may also include: a guide cone, which is arranged at a corresponding position on the lower edge of the guide tube, and is used to deflect the solid phase particles that fall to the bottom of the guide tube after liquid-solid separation upward to form a circulation effect between the inner and outer walls of the guide tube.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the guide cone can be set on the gas-liquid distribution plate, and the bottom of the guide cone is lower than the bottom end of the guide tube, and the cone angle of the guide cone can be set to 20°~40°.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a concave arc-shaped baffle plate may extend from the bottom of the guide cone, and the arc-shaped baffle plate and the guide cone may be integrally formed.

[0017] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an ebullated bed reactor, in which any one of the above-mentioned three-phase separators is arranged.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the reactor shell can be a straight cylindrical structure, a gas-liquid discharge port is arranged at the top center of the upper head of the straight cylindrical structure, and a gas-liquid feed port is arranged at the bottom center of the lower head of the straight cylindrical structure.

[0019] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the upper head bottom plate can be used to support the liquid material from the discharge barrel and deposit the solid particles entrained by the liquid phase; a gas-liquid distribution plate is arranged above the lower head top plate; and the three-phase reactor is arranged between the gas-liquid distribution plate and the upper head bottom plate.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1) The present invention adopts a "three-tube sleeve" structure and changes the direction of the material in the prior art (i.e., the material moves upward from the outside and turns inward, which is opposite to the direction of the material in the prior art). In this way, the influence of gas upward movement on the liquid-solid separation effect in the prior art is solved. By setting the structure of the guide tube and the baffle tube, the gas phase is separated at the top of the guide tube, and the liquid phase carrying the fluidized solid phase particles moves downward along the inner wall of the guide tube. At the same time, according to the U-tube principle, part of the liquid phase turns upward at the lower end of the baffle tube, and most of the solid phase particles in the fluidized state settle under the action of gravity, which can effectively avoid the influence of the liquid upward movement and gas upward movement on the liquid-solid separation of the traditional three-phase separator;

[0022] 2) The present invention is provided with a discharge barrel with a vent hole, thereby avoiding the problem of "uneven annular gap outflow" caused by the discharge port being arranged on the reactor wall in the prior art. The liquid phase after the second deflection is discharged upward to the upper head through the bottom of the discharge barrel under pressure, and the gas phase can be discharged together with the liquid phase through the vent hole;

[0023] 3) The present invention arranges a baffle and an inclined expansion opening on the upper part of the discharge barrel, so that the discharged liquid phase material flows out obliquely upward in the upper head, and forms a local sedimentation area on the bottom plate of the upper head, so that a small number of unseparated solid phase particles can be settled at the upper head, thereby minimizing the solids mixed in the discharged gas and liquid;

[0024] 4) The guide cone of the present invention can reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the guide tube, increase the flow velocity at the bottom of the guide tube, effectively carry the solids and bend upward, and at the same time, the concave arc baffle constitutes an anti-deposition part, which can prevent the accumulation of solid catalyst particles and avoid bottom blockage, so that the solid catalyst particles can be mixed with fresh feed for reaction;

[0025] 5) The present invention greatly reduces the number of openings in the internal components of the three-phase separator and the reactor wall by setting a discharge cylinder (only two openings are required, namely, the gas-liquid inlet at the bottom of the reactor and the gas-liquid outlet at the top of the reactor), which can effectively improve the stability and safety of the equipment operation and greatly reduce the manufacturing cost.

[0026] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other purposes, technical features and advantages of the present invention easier to understand, one or more preferred embodiments are listed below and described in detail with the accompanying drawings as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a straight-cylinder sequential built-in three-phase separator in an existing fluidized bed reactor (showing the inner and outer cylinder structures of the existing three-phase separator and the material flow).

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the three-phase separator of the present invention applied in a fluidized bed reactor.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a perspective stereoscopic structural schematic diagram of the three-phase separator of the present invention applied in a fluidized bed reactor.

[0030] Description of main reference numerals:

[0031] Figure 1 In the figure, 1A-inner cylinder, 2A-outer cylinder, 3A-liquid outlet pipe, 4A-gas outlet pipe; 100A-existing fluidized bed reactor;

[0032] Figures 2 to 3 In the middle, 1-guide tube, 11-upper straight section, 12-expansion section, 13-lower straight section, 2-baffle tube, 3-discharge tube, 30-inclined expansion opening, 31-baffle, 32-exhaust hole, 4-guide cone, 41-arc baffle;

[0033] 100-ebullated bed reactor, 101-upper head, 102-upper head bottom plate, 103-gas-liquid discharge port, 104-lower head, 105-lower head top plate, 106-gas-liquid feed port, 107-gas-liquid distribution plate, 108-distribution port;

[0034] A- solid catalyst particle bed, B- reactor liquid level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation modes.

[0036] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term “comprise” or variations such as “include” or “comprising”, etc., will be understood to include the stated elements or components but not to exclude other elements or components.

[0037] In this document, for the convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "below", "below", "down", "above", "above", "upper", etc. may be used to describe the relationship between one element or feature and another element or feature in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the object in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figure. For example, if the object in the figure is turned over, the element described as being "below" or "below" other elements or features will be oriented "above" the element or feature. Therefore, the exemplary term "below" can include both below and above. Objects may also have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatial relative terms used in this document should be interpreted accordingly.

[0038] In this document, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish two different elements or parts, and are not used to limit a specific position or relative relationship. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first", "second", etc. can also be interchangeable.

[0039] The three-phase separator of the present invention is for Figure 1 Improvements made to the prior art shown. Figure 1 An existing fluidized bed reactor 100A is shown, which is used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction. The gas-liquid mixed feed from the bottom of the reactor contacts the solid catalyst particles arranged in the middle and lower part of the reactor to carry out catalytic reaction. The gas-liquid-solid three-phase continues to ascend (part of the solid phase particles are entrained by the liquid phase and are in a fluidized state), and is guided into a three-phase separator composed of an inner cylinder 1A and an outer cylinder 2A. The existing three-phase separator is arranged in the middle and upper part of the reactor for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation. The material flow direction of this type of scheme is as follows: the gas-liquid-solid mixture ascends in the annular inner cylinder 1A, and the gas phase separation is completed at the upper gas-liquid interface; the liquid-solid mixed fluid overflows to the surroundings and enters the area between the outer cylinder 2A and the inner cylinder 1A and descends; the solid flows out of the three-phase separator with the liquid in the annular area between the outer cylinder 2A and the reactor wall according to the solid-liquid density difference, and returns to the main reaction area for circulation; the remaining liquid phase flows out of the reactor upward through the discharge pipe 3A in the annular gap between the annular outer cylinder 2A and the reactor wall under the action of the "U"-shaped tube principle. That is, a gas phase outflow channel 4A is set at the top of the reactor, and the liquid phase overflows from the discharge pipe 3A at the side opening to the reactor 100A, and the solid catalyst flows out of the separator under the action of gravity difference in the liquid phase, thus achieving three-phase separation. This existing three-phase separator is a straight-cylinder sequential type built-in three-phase separator. The so-called "sequential type" is referred to as Figure 1The arrow direction at the three-phase separator in the middle, that is, the material goes up along the inner cylinder 1A, then sequentially enters the annular space between the inner cylinder 1A and the outer cylinder 2A and goes down, and then after liquid-solid separation, the liquid phase goes up along the annular space between the outer cylinder 2A and the reactor wall, and overflows out of the reactor 100A when the liquid phase rises to the discharge pipe 3A. The present invention is based on the above-mentioned existing three-phase separator and makes the following improvements:

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a three-phase separator, which adopts a "three-tube sleeve" structural design with a material flow direction opposite to that in the prior art, and is arranged in the shell of a fluidized bed reactor 100 and is used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation. The three-phase separator comprises at least a guide tube 1, a deflector tube 2 and a discharge tube 3. Among them, the guide tube 1 is coaxially arranged with the reactor 100; in the annular space between the guide tube 1 and the reactor 100, continuous gas-liquid materials and carried solid catalyst particles ascend, and the first deflection of liquid-solid materials is formed at the top (at this time, the gas phase is separated at the liquid surface and converges below the bottom plate 102 of the upper head of the reactor 100). The deflector tube 2 is sleeved on the upper inner side of the guide tube 1; the liquid-solid materials after the first deflection descend in the annular space between the deflector tube 2 and the guide tube 1, and liquid-solid separation is formed at the bottom of the deflector tube 2 and the liquid phase material completes the second deflection. The discharge barrel 3 is sleeved on the inner side of the deflector barrel 2; the top of the discharge barrel 3 is arranged in the upper head 101 of the reactor, and the lower wall of the discharge barrel 3 is provided with an exhaust hole 32, which is used to discharge the liquid phase material after the second deflection and the gas phase material gathered below the upper head into the upper head. With the three-phase separator of the present embodiment, the guide tube 1 forms a velocity and pressure difference inside and outside the guide tube through continuous gas-liquid feeding, so that the material is deflected downward at the upper end of the guide tube 1 and deflected upward at the bottom end, so that a circulation is formed on both sides of the guide tube, providing the overall operating power of the material for the fluidized bed reactor 100; since the deflector tube 2 is sleeved in the guide tube 1, a part of the liquid phase between the guide tube 1 and the deflector tube 2 carries most of the fluidized solid phase particles downward to form a circulation, and the other part is deflected upward at the lower end of the deflector tube 2 using the U-tube principle; since the exhaust hole 32 is opened on the lower wall of the discharge tube 3, when the liquid level is higher than the height of the exhaust hole 32, the liquid phase that is deflected upward enters the upper head 101 through the bottom end of the discharge tube 3 under the action of pressure, and when the space below the upper head 101 gathers more separated gas phase, the gas pressure gradually increases, the liquid level moves down and the exhaust hole 32 is exposed, and at this time, the gas also enters the upper head 101 through the exhaust hole 32, forming a dynamic adjustment of the liquid level.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, this embodiment adopts the structure of "three cylinders connected together" and changes the direction of the material (i.e., the material flows upward from the outside and turns inward, which is different from the conventional method). Figure 1The material direction of the embodiment is opposite to that of the prior art shown in the figure), which is significantly different from the existing material direction. The material direction of the embodiment adopts the opposite material direction based on the structure of "three-tube sleeve connection".

[0043] The inventors have found through research that it is usually difficult for existing sequential built-in three-phase separators to achieve extremely demanding solid-phase particle (catalyst) interception rates and maintain stable and efficient separation efficiency; it is difficult for the solid-phase particles separated by the existing straight-cylinder three-phase separator to go downward and avoid the influence of bubbles in the upward gas-liquid feed, and it is difficult to avoid gas entering the three-phase separator. The areas where gas enters the conventional straight-cylinder sequential three-phase separator are the liquid-solid separation area and the liquid outflow area. When the gas enters the liquid-solid separation area (i.e. Figure 1 The area between the lower end of the inner tube 1A and the reactor wall), the rising of bubbles will disrupt the normal separation and sedimentation process of the liquid-solid separation zone, and the rising path of the bubbles is the same as the path of the liquid out of the reactor (i.e. Figure 1 The annular space between the inner and outer cylinders 2A and the reactor wall is upward), which easily causes the solid phase to flow out of the reactor with the liquid phase, and the separation effect is deteriorated; compared with the straight-cylinder three-phase separator, the expansion type three-phase separator can reduce the intrusion of bubbles to a certain extent, but the engineering application is more difficult, the design is complex, and the cost is high. In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, reference is made to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, the material direction is changed through the structural design of "three cylinders connected in a socket", which solves the influence of gas upward movement on the liquid-solid separation effect. By setting the structure of the guide cylinder 1 and the deflector cylinder 2, the gas phase is separated at the top of the guide cylinder 1, and the liquid phase carrying the fluidized solid phase particles flows downward along the inner wall of the guide cylinder 1. At the same time, according to the U-tube principle, part of the liquid phase is deflected upward at the lower end of the deflector cylinder 2, and most of the solid phase particles in the fluidized state settle under the action of gravity, which can effectively avoid the influence of liquid upward movement and gas upward movement on liquid-solid separation in the traditional three-phase separator.

[0044] In this embodiment, the discharge barrel 3 with the exhaust hole 32 is provided to avoid Figure 1 In the prior art, the problem of "uneven annular gap outflow" caused by the discharge port 3A being set on the reactor wall is solved. The liquid phase after the second deflection is discharged upward to the upper head 101 through the bottom of the discharge barrel 3 under the action of pressure, and the gas phase can be discharged together with the liquid phase through the exhaust hole 32. In addition, through the setting of the discharge barrel 3, the number of openings on the internal components and the reactor wall of the three-phase separator of the present invention is greatly reduced (only two openings are required, namely the gas-liquid inlet at the bottom of the reactor and the gas-liquid outlet at the top of the reactor), which can effectively improve the stability and safety of the equipment operation and greatly reduce the manufacturing cost.

[0045] Further Figure 2 , 3As shown, preferably but not restrictively, the three-phase separator of this embodiment may also include a guide cone 4, which is arranged at a corresponding position on the lower edge of the guide tube 1, and is used to deflect the solid phase particles (i.e., the separated solid phase particles entrained by a part of the liquid phase) that fall to the bottom of the guide tube 1 after liquid-solid separation upward, forming a circulation effect between the inner and outer walls of the guide tube. Further, the guide cone 4 can be arranged on the gas-liquid distribution plate 107, and the bottom of the guide cone 4 is lower than the bottom end of the guide tube 1, and the guide cone angle can be set to 20° to 40°. Preferably but not restrictively, a concave arc baffle 41 extends from the bottom of the guide cone 4, and the arc baffle 41 and the guide cone 4 can be an integrally formed structure. The guide cone of this embodiment can reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the guide tube, increase the flow velocity at the bottom of the guide tube, and effectively carry the solid to be deflected upward. At the same time, the concave arc baffle constitutes an anti-deposition portion, which can prevent the accumulation of solid catalyst particles and avoid bottom blockage, so that the solid catalyst particles can be mixed and reacted with fresh feed.

[0046] Further Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the guide tube 1, the baffle tube 2 and the discharge tube 3 of this embodiment are all opened at both ends. The top of the baffle tube 2 is higher than the top of the guide tube 1, ensuring that the liquid phase at the top of the guide tube 1 of the first baffle will not enter the baffle tube 2. Furthermore, the top of the guide tube 1 and the opening height of the exhaust hole 32 are basically the same, ensuring that when the liquid level is lowered to close to the exhaust hole 32 for exhaust, the circulation of the inner and outer walls of the guide tube can still operate normally.

[0047] Further Figure 2 , 3 As shown, preferably but not restrictively, an inclined expansion opening 30 for radially distributing the liquid phase material is provided on the upper edge of the discharge barrel 3, and a baffle 31 is provided above the top of the discharge barrel 3; the connection part between the body of the discharge barrel 3 and the bottom plate 102 of the lower head is sealed. By providing a baffle and an inclined expansion opening on the upper part of the discharge barrel, the discharged liquid phase material flows out obliquely upward in the upper head, and a local sedimentation area is formed on the bottom plate 102 of the upper head, so that a small number of unseparated solid phase particles can be settled at the upper head, thereby minimizing the solids mixed in the discharged gas and liquid. Specifically, the opening angle of the inclined expansion opening 30 is preferably 20° to 40°, and the length is preferably 0.3 to 0.5 times the diameter of the discharge barrel.

[0048] Further Figure 2 , 3As shown, the guide tube 1 further includes an upper straight section 11, a middle expansion section 12 and a lower straight section 13. The inclination angle of the expansion section can be set to 50° to 70°. The setting of the expansion section can achieve the diameter change between the guide tube and the reactor wall, so that the upward material here is accelerated after entering the upper straight section, so as to provide better power for the circulation between the inner and outer walls of the guide tube; in addition, the diameter change process makes the size and diameter of the baffle channel more adaptable, which is conducive to the uniformity of material flow.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, this embodiment provides an ebullated bed reactor 100, in which the three-phase separator in Example 1 is arranged, so that the same technical effect as Example 1 can be achieved. Specifically, the reactor shell is a straight cylindrical structure, and a gas-liquid discharge port 103 is arranged at the top center of the upper head of the straight cylindrical structure, and a gas-liquid feed port 106 is arranged at the bottom center of the lower head of the straight cylindrical structure. Furthermore, the upper head bottom plate 102 is used to support the liquid phase material from the discharge barrel 3 and deposit a small part of the solid phase particles entrained by the liquid phase. A gas-liquid distribution plate 107 is arranged above the lower head top plate 105, and gas-liquid distribution ports 108 are evenly opened on the distribution plate 107. The three-phase reactor in Example 1 of the present invention is arranged between the gas-liquid distribution plate 107 and the upper head bottom plate 102.

[0051] The working process of the ebullated bed reactor is described in detail below by combining the material flow in the ebullated bed reactor of this embodiment:

[0052] The gas-liquid material enters the lower head 104 of the fluidized bed reactor 100 through the gas-liquid feed port 106, and is evenly released into the annular space between the wall of the fluidized bed reactor 100 and the draft tube 1 through the gas-liquid distribution plate 107, and mixed with the solid catalyst particles for reaction (the solid phase particle bed A is located in the lower middle part of the annular space, refer to Figure 2); When the gas-liquid material and the solid catalyst particles in the fluidized state carried by it reach the top of the guide tube 1, the gas is separated, and the liquid and solid catalyst particles are diverted downward (that is, the first diversion). When it reaches the bottom of the diversion tube 2, under the action of the U-tube principle, part of the liquid entrains a small amount of solid and diverts upward (that is, the second diversion). Under the action of pressure, the liquid enters the upper head 101 through the discharge tube 3 and is discharged. The second diversion position realizes the upward and downward liquid-solid separation, that is, most of the solid particles in the fluidized state descend by gravity sedimentation, and part of the descending liquid in the guide tube 1 forms a diversion cone 4 with the gas-liquid feed. Under the action of the low-pressure area, the gas flows evenly to the surroundings and mixes with the gas-liquid feed upward, thereby forming a circulation area on both sides of the wall of the guide tube 1; after the gas is separated at the top of the guide tube 1, it gathers at the upper part of the fluidized bed reactor. When the gas volume reaches a certain level and the liquid level is lower than the exhaust hole 32 on the discharge tube 3, the gas enters the discharge tube through the exhaust hole and is discharged together with the liquid; in order to prevent a small amount of solid catalyst particles from being separated, the baffle 31 and the inclined expansion opening 30 arranged at the top of the discharge tube make the liquid flow out of the discharge tube 3 obliquely upward, and form a local sedimentation area on the bottom plate of the upper head 101 to further separate the solid.

[0053] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and demonstration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above exemplary embodiments should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-phase separator, arranged in an ebullating bed reactor and used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation, characterized in that: include: The draft tube is coaxially arranged with the reactor; in the annular space between the draft tube and the reactor, the continuous gas-liquid materials and the carried solid catalyst particles ascend, and the first deflection of the liquid-solid materials is formed at the top; A baffle cylinder, which is sleeved on the inner upper part of the guide cylinder; After the first deflection, the liquid-solid material moves downward in the annular space between the deflector tube and the guide tube, and liquid-solid separation is formed at the bottom of the deflector tube, and the liquid-phase material completes the second deflection; A discharge cylinder is sleeved on the inner side of the deflector cylinder; the top of the discharge cylinder is arranged in the upper head of the reactor, and an exhaust hole is arranged on the lower wall of the discharge cylinder for discharging the liquid phase material after the second deflection and the gas phase material gathered below the upper head into the upper head.

2. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide tube, the deflector tube and the discharge tube are all opened at both ends.

3. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the deflector tube is higher than the top of the guide tube; the top of the guide tube is flush with the opening position of the exhaust hole.

4. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper edge of the discharge barrel is provided with an inclined expansion opening for radially distributing the liquid phase material, and a baffle is provided above the top of the discharge barrel; the connection part between the discharge barrel body and the upper head bottom plate is sealed.

5. The three-phase separator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The angle of the inclined expansion opening is 20° to 40°, and the length is 0.3 to 0.5 times the diameter of the discharge barrel.

6. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide tube comprises upper and lower straight tube sections and a middle expansion section.

7. The three-phase separator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the expansion section is set to 50° to 70°.

8. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-phase separator also includes: The guide cone is arranged at a corresponding position on the lower edge of the guide tube, and is used to deflect the solid phase particles that fall to the bottom of the guide tube after liquid-solid separation upward, thereby forming a circulation effect between the inner and outer walls of the guide tube.

9. The three-phase separator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The guide cone is arranged on the gas-liquid distribution plate, and the bottom of the guide cone is lower than the bottom end of the guide tube, and the cone angle of the guide cone is 20° to 40°.

10. The three-phase separator according to claim 8, characterized in that: A concave arc-shaped baffle extends from the bottom of the guide cone, and the arc-shaped baffle is integrally formed with the guide cone.

11. A fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that: The three-phase separator according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is arranged in the fluidized bed reactor.

12. The ebullated bed reactor according to claim 11, characterized in that: The reactor shell is a straight-cylindrical structure, a gas-liquid discharge port is arranged at the top center of the upper end cap of the straight-cylindrical structure, and a gas-liquid feed port is arranged at the bottom center of the lower end cap of the straight-cylindrical structure.

13. The ebullated bed reactor according to claim 12, characterized in that: The upper head bottom plate is used to support the liquid material from the discharge barrel and deposit the solid particles entrained by the liquid phase; a gas-liquid distribution plate is arranged above the lower head top plate; and the three-phase reactor is arranged between the gas-liquid distribution plate and the upper head bottom plate.

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