High-pore honeycomb catalyst with metal oxide and preparation device of high-pore honeycomb catalyst

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-pore honeycomb catalyst with a metal oxide and a preparation device thereof, the high-pore honeycomb catalyst comprises a catalyst main body, the catalyst main body is provided with a plurality of pore channels, communication pores are arranged among the pore channels, a plurality of bulges are arranged at the positions of the communication pores, and the bulges are used for slowing down the flow velocity of airflow and shunting. When the slurry enters the charging barrel through the hopper, the suction piece rotates, the slurry around the outlet of the hopper can be sucked into the charging barrel through the inclined piece, the slurry and the slurry discharged right above the inlet of the charging barrel are mixed and enter the charging barrel, and the uniformity of all components in the slurry in the discharging process is greatly improved; and metal oxides in the slurry fall on the shaking plate and uniformly fall into the charging barrel in the shaking process of the shaking plate, so that the uniformity of the slurry among the blades of the screw rod is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of honeycomb catalysts, and in particular to a high-porous honeycomb catalyst with metal oxides and a preparation device thereof. Background Art

[0002] Metal honeycomb catalyst is an important catalytic material, which is widely used in automobile exhaust purification, chemical production, energy conversion and other fields. Honeycomb catalyst usually has a porous structure, and these pores are honeycomb-shaped or similar geometric shapes to ensure that the reaction gas can pass through the catalyst layer.

[0003] Generally, when a honeycomb catalyst is in use, the airflow may be unevenly distributed due to fluid dynamics (such as airflow velocity, pressure changes, etc.), causing some pores to become clogged or carbonized due to less flow, thereby affecting the catalytic effect of the honeycomb catalyst. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-porous honeycomb catalyst with metal oxide and a preparation device thereof to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A high-porous honeycomb catalyst with metal oxides, comprising a catalyst body, wherein a plurality of channels are arranged on the catalyst body, and connecting holes are arranged between each of the channels; A plurality of protrusions are arranged at the position of each of the connecting holes, and the protrusions are used to slow down the air flow velocity and perform flow diversion.

[0006] A preparation device for a high-porous honeycomb catalyst, which is used to prepare the above-mentioned high-porous honeycomb catalyst with metal oxide, comprises a base, a base, a barrel, a hopper, a heating module and a screw, wherein a suction piece is rotatably provided on the hopper, and a plurality of inclined plates are fixedly provided on the suction piece, which are used to accelerate the falling of slurry at the side wall of the hopper; It also includes a shaking plate, on which a wedge block is fixedly arranged, and the hopper is provided with a sliding groove, in which the wedge block is slidably arranged, and the sliding groove includes an upward moving part and a shaking part.

[0007] Preferably, a fixing plate is slidably provided on the shaking plate, a plurality of first springs are provided between the fixing plate and the shaking plate, and two ends of the first springs are fixedly connected to the fixing plate and the shaking plate respectively.

[0008] Preferably, a support rod is fixedly provided on the base, a lifting rod is slidably provided on the support rod, and the lifting rod is fixedly connected to the fixing plate.

[0009] Preferably, a second rotating tube is fixedly provided on the material suction member, a third spiral groove is provided on the second rotating tube, a second protrusion is fixedly provided on the lifting rod, and the second protrusion is slidably provided in the third spiral groove.

[0010] Preferably, a first rotating tube is rotatably provided on the support rod, a plurality of scrapers are fixedly provided on the first rotating tube, and the plurality of scrapers are in contact with the inner wall of the hopper; The first rotating tube is provided with a second spiral groove, the lifting rod is fixedly provided with a first protrusion, and the first protrusion is slidably provided in the second spiral groove.

[0011] Preferably, a reciprocating rod is slidably provided on the base, a stirring block is rotatably provided on the reciprocating rod, and the stirring block is slidably and rotatably connected to the barrel; A fixing block is fixedly arranged on the barrel, a first spiral groove is arranged on the fixing block, a third protrusion is fixedly arranged on the stirring block, and the third protrusion is slidably arranged in the first spiral groove.

[0012] Preferably, a rotating shaft is rotatably provided on the base, a second circular plate is fixedly provided on the rotating shaft, an abutment column is fixedly provided on the second circular plate, an abutment rod is fixedly provided on the reciprocating rod, and the abutment column abuts against the abutment rod; A motor is fixedly arranged on the base, and an output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft.

[0013] Preferably, a second spring is provided between the abutment rod and the base, and two ends of the second spring are fixedly connected to the abutment rod and the abutment column respectively.

[0014] Preferably, a first circular plate is fixedly provided on the screw rod, a cross bar is fixedly provided between the first circular plate and the second circular plate, a cross groove is provided on the lifting rod, and the cross bar is slidably provided in the cross groove.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the high-porous honeycomb catalyst with metal oxide and the preparation device thereof provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. By setting connecting holes between the channels, during the use of the catalyst body, if the flow velocities between the channels are different, the excessively high flow rate will flow to other channels under the interference of the protrusions, and the gas flow rate will be reduced to a certain extent under the blocking effect of the protrusions, thereby reducing the phenomenon of local channels of the catalyst body being easily blocked and improving the use effect.

[0016] 2. By setting up a suction piece, when the slurry enters the barrel from the hopper, the suction piece rotates, and the slurry around the hopper outlet can be sucked into the barrel through the inclined piece, so that it is mixed with the slurry discharged directly above the barrel inlet and enters the barrel, which greatly improves the uniformity of the various components in the slurry during the discharge process, and by setting up a shaking plate, the metal oxides in the slurry fall on the shaking plate and evenly fall into the barrel during the shaking process of the shaking plate, thereby improving the uniformity of the slurry between the blades of the screw.

[0017] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.

[0018] This application document provides an overview of various implementations or examples of the technology described in the present disclosure, and is not a comprehensive disclosure of the entire scope or all features of the disclosed technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a catalyst provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of a catalyst body provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a preparation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a barrel and a hopper provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 4 A in the enlarged view; Figure 6 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 4 The enlarged view of point B in the figure; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a material suction member provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the lifting rod structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 8 The enlarged view of point C in the figure; Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the scraper structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11A schematic diagram of the reciprocating rod structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 A top view of a barrel provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13 The embodiment of the present invention provides Fig.12 The enlarged view of point D in the figure; Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the hopper outlet structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Description of reference numerals: 1. Base; 11. Cylinder; 12. Hopper; 13. Heating module; 14. Base; 15. Screw; 16. First round plate; 17. Fixed block; 18. First spiral groove; 2. Support rod; 21. First rotating tube; 22. Scraper; 23. Second spiral groove; 3. Suction member; 31. Inclined plate; 32. Second rotating tube; 33. Third spiral groove; 4. Shaking plate; 41. Fixed plate; 42. First spring; 4 3. Wedge block; 5. Lifting rod; 51. First protrusion; 52. Second protrusion; 53. Transverse groove; 6. Reciprocating rod; 61. Agitating block; 62. Third protrusion; 63. Second spring; 64. Abutment rod; 7. Rotating shaft; 71. Second circular plate; 72. Transverse rod; 73. Abutment column; 8. Motor; 9. Upward moving part; 91. Shaking part; 10. Catalyst body; 101. Channel; 102. Connecting hole; 103. Protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0023] Please refer to 1-14, a high-porous honeycomb catalyst with metal oxide, including a catalyst body 10, a plurality of channels 101 are arranged on the catalyst body 10, and connecting holes 102 are arranged between each channel 101; a plurality of protrusions 103 are arranged at the position of each connecting hole 102, and the protrusions 103 are used to slow down the flow rate of the airflow and divert the flow. By setting the connecting holes 102 between each channel 101, during the use of the catalyst body 10, if the flow rate between each channel 101 is different, the excessively high flow rate will flow to other channels 101 under the interference of the protrusions 103, and the gas flow rate will be reduced to a certain extent under the blocking effect of the protrusions 103, thereby reducing the phenomenon that the local channels 101 of the catalyst body 10 are prone to blockage, thereby improving the use effect.

[0024] Specifically, a preparation device for a high-porous honeycomb catalyst is used to prepare the above-mentioned high-porous honeycomb catalyst with metal oxide, including a base 1, a base 14, a barrel 11, a hopper 12, a heating module 13 and a screw 15. A suction piece 3 is rotatably arranged on the hopper 12, and a plurality of inclined pieces 31 are fixedly arranged on the suction piece 3, which are used to accelerate the falling of the slurry at the side wall position of the hopper 12; it also includes a shaking plate 4, a wedge block 43 is fixedly arranged on the shaking plate 4, and a sliding groove is arranged on the hopper 12. The wedge block 43 is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, and the sliding groove includes an upward moving part 9 and a shaking part 91. When the slurry enters the barrel 11 from the hopper 12, the suction piece 3 rotates. During the rotation process, the slurry located around the suction piece 3 is sucked into the barrel 11 through the inclined inclined pieces 31, so as to avoid that when the slurry enters the barrel 11, the slurry located at the center of the hopper 12 always enters the barrel 11 first, and the slurry located at the side of the hopper 12 is sucked into the barrel 11. The slurry on the wall enters the barrel 11, and since the metal oxide in the slurry is heavy, it is difficult for it to be located directly above the inlet of the barrel 11 under the action of gravity, resulting in the falling of the slurry. However, the uneven dispersion of various components in the slurry causes the slurry in the middle or side wall of the hopper 12 to fall evenly. When the slurry enters the barrel 11 from the hopper 12, it passes through the shaking plate 4, and part of the metal oxide on the slurry falls on the shaking plate 4. During the ascending process of the lifting rod 5, the wedge block 43 passes through the upward moving part 9, and a part of the metal oxide will remain on the shaking plate 4. When the wedge block 43 moves to the shaking part 91, the shaking plate 4 slides back and forth to shake off the remaining metal oxide thereon, thereby preventing the metal oxide from falling too fast due to its large mass when the slurry enters the barrel 11 from the hopper 12, resulting in different component concentrations between the blades of the screw 15, thereby improving the quality of the slurry after extrusion.

[0025] In an embodiment further provided by the present invention, a fixed plate 41 is slidably provided on the shaking plate 4, and a plurality of first springs 42 are provided between the fixed plate 41 and the shaking plate 4, and the two ends of the first spring 42 are respectively fixedly connected to the fixed plate 41 and the shaking plate 4, and when the shaking plate 4 moves upward, under the action of the wedge block 43 and the shaking part 91, the first spring 42 is squeezed and rebounded to complete the shaking of the shaking plate 4 on the fixed plate 41.

[0026] Furthermore, a support rod 2 is fixedly provided on the base 14, and a lifting rod 5 is slidably provided on the support rod 2. The lifting rod 5 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 41. When the slurry enters the barrel 11 from the hopper 12, the lifting rod 5 is lifted and lowered, and drives the fixing plate 41 to be lifted and lowered to complete the lifting and shaking of the shaking plate 4.

[0027] Furthermore, a second rotating tube 32 is fixedly provided on the suction member 3, a third spiral groove 33 is provided on the second rotating tube 32, a second protrusion 52 is fixedly provided on the lifting rod 5, and the second protrusion 52 is slidably provided in the third spiral groove 33. During the falling process of the slurry, when the lifting rod 5 is reciprocated, the lifting rod 5 drives the second protrusion 52 to be lifted and lowered, and the suction member 3 is rotated through the cooperation of the second protrusion 52 and the third spiral groove 33. During the rotation process, the slurry located around the suction member 3 is sucked into the material barrel 11 through the inclined sheet 31, thereby improving the mixing uniformity of the metal oxides in the slurry.

[0028] In an embodiment further provided by the present invention, a first rotating tube 21 is rotatably provided on the support rod 2, and a plurality of scrapers 22 are fixedly provided on the first rotating tube 21, and the plurality of scrapers 22 are in contact with the inner wall of the hopper 12; a second spiral groove 23 is provided on the first rotating tube 21, and a first protrusion 51 is fixedly provided on the lifting rod 5, and the first protrusion 51 is slidably provided in the second spiral groove 23. When the lifting rod 5 is reciprocated, the first rotating tube 21 and the scraper 22 are driven to reciprocate through the cooperation of the first protrusion 51 and the second spiral groove 23. The scraper 22 prevents the precipitate that appears when the slurry does not enter the barrel 11 from adhering to the inner wall of the hopper 12, resulting in uneven dispersion of the metal oxides in the slurry, thereby affecting the quality of the catalyst body 10.

[0029] In the embodiment provided by the present invention, a reciprocating rod 6 is slidably provided on the base 14, a stirring block 61 is rotatably provided on the reciprocating rod 6, and the stirring block 61 is slidably and rotatably connected to the barrel 11; a fixed block 17 is fixedly provided on the barrel 11, a first spiral groove 18 is provided on the fixed block 17, a third protrusion 62 is fixedly provided on the stirring block 61, and the third protrusion 62 is slidably provided in the first spiral groove 18, and the reciprocating rod 6 slides with the stirring block 61. In the process of sliding of the stirring block 61, under the action of the third protrusion 62 and the first spiral groove 18, the stirring block 61 rotates during the sliding process. When the stirring block 61 slides, the distance between it and the screw 15 increases, and the slurry fills this area. When the stirring block 61 rotates and slides to reset, the slurry is stirred and extruded, which can not only improve the compactness of the slurry during the extrusion process, but also prevent the centrifugal force generated by the screw 15 when the screw 15 is feeding, resulting in the mass components in the slurry being located on the inner wall of the barrel 11, resulting in different masses of each part of the catalyst body 10 after extrusion, thereby improving the extrusion quality of the catalyst body 10.

[0030] Specifically, a second circular plate 71 is fixedly provided on the rotating shaft 7, an abutting column 73 is fixedly provided on the second circular plate 71, an abutting rod 64 is fixedly provided on the reciprocating rod 6, and the abutting column 73 abuts against the abutting rod 64; a motor 8 is fixedly provided on the base 14, and the output shaft of the motor 8 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 7, a second spring 63 is provided between the abutting rod 64 and the base 14, and the two ends of the second spring 63 are respectively fixedly connected to the abutting rod 64 and the abutting column 73. When the motor 8 rotates, the second circular plate 71 rotates, and pushes the reciprocating rod 6 to slide through the abutting column 73 of the second circular plate 71, and squeezes the second spring 63. After the abutting column 73 is disengaged from the abutting rod 64, the reciprocating rod 6 is reset under the action of the second spring 63, thereby completing the sliding and rotation of the stirring block 61.

[0031] In the solution further provided by the present invention, a first circular plate 16 is fixedly provided on the screw 15, a cross bar 72 is fixedly provided between the first circular plate 16 and the second circular plate 71, a cross groove 53 is provided on the lifting rod 5, and the cross bar 72 is slidably provided in the cross groove 53. When the second circular plate 71 rotates, the first circular plate 16 is driven to rotate through the cross bar 72, so that the screw 15 rotates to extrude the slurry, and during the rotation process, the lifting rod 5 is lifted and lowered reciprocatingly through the cooperation of the cross bar 72 and the cross groove 53.

[0032] The base 1, base 14, barrel 11, hopper 12, heating module 13 and screw 15 mentioned in the present invention are all prior arts, and their implementation methods and the effects caused are common knowledge and conventional technical means known to those skilled in the art, and will not be elaborated in detail.

[0033] Working principle: During the extrusion molding process, the mixed slurry is put into the hopper 12, and the motor 8 is started to rotate the shaft 7, the second circular plate 71, the cross bar 72, the abutment column 73, the first circular plate 16 and the screw 15. During the rotation of the screw 15, the slurry in the hopper 12 enters the barrel 11 and is extruded under the action of the screw 15 and the heating module 13; at the same time, when the cross bar 72 rotates, the lifting rod 5 is raised and lowered by cooperating with the cross groove 53. The lifting rod 5 is lifted and lowered reciprocatingly by cooperating with the first protrusion 51 and the second spiral groove 23. When the lifting rod 5 is lifted and lowered, the second protrusion 52 cooperates with the third spiral groove 33 to rotate the suction piece 3. During the rotation, the slurry located around the suction piece 3 is sucked into the barrel 11 through the inclined piece 31, so as to avoid the slurry always being located in the hopper first when the slurry enters the barrel 11. The slurry at the center of the hopper 12 enters the barrel 11, and the slurry at the side wall of the hopper 12 enters the barrel 11 later. Since the metal oxide in the slurry is heavy, it is difficult for it to be located directly above the inlet of the barrel 11 under the action of gravity, resulting in the slurry falling. However, the phenomenon of uneven dispersion of various components in the slurry can be solved by rotating the inclined plate 31, so that the slurry around the outlet of the hopper 12 can be sucked into the barrel 11, and mixed with the slurry discharged directly above the inlet of the barrel 11 and enter the barrel 11, which greatly improves the uniformity of various components in the slurry during the discharge process; when the slurry enters the hopper 12, the slurry is discharged from the hopper 12. When the slurry enters the barrel 11, it passes through the shaking plate 4, and some of the metal oxides on the slurry will fall on the shaking plate 4. During the ascending process of the lifting rod 5, the wedge block 43 passes through the upward moving part 9, and some of the metal oxides will remain on the shaking plate 4. When the wedge block 43 moves to the shaking part 91, under the action of the shaking part 91 and the first spring 42, the shaking plate 4 slides back and forth to shake off the metal oxides remaining thereon, so as to prevent the metal oxides from falling too fast due to their large mass when the slurry enters the barrel 11 from the hopper 12, resulting in different component concentrations between the blades of the screw 15.In addition, during the rotation of the second circular plate 71 with the abutting column 73, the abutting column 73 periodically abuts against the abutting rods 64 on both sides, and the abutting rods 64 push the reciprocating rod 6 to slide, and the reciprocating rod 6 slides with the stirring block 61. During the sliding of the stirring block 61, under the action of the third protrusion 62 and the first spiral groove 18, the stirring block 61 rotates during the sliding process, and reciprocates and rotates with the reciprocating sliding of the reciprocating rod 6. In this process, the slurry located on the inner wall of the barrel 11 is agitated to prevent the centrifugal force generated by the screw 15 from causing the mass component in the slurry to be located on the inner wall of the barrel 11 when the screw 15 is feeding, resulting in the phenomenon that the mass of each part of the catalyst body 10 after extrusion is different, thereby improving the mass of the catalyst body 10. ;

[0034] The above description is only by way of illustration of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It is undoubted that those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-porous honeycomb catalyst with metal oxide, comprising a catalyst body (10), characterized in that: The catalyst body (10) is provided with a plurality of channels (101), and a connecting hole (102) is provided between each of the channels (101); A plurality of protrusions (103) are provided at the position of each of the communicating holes (102), and the protrusions (103) are used to slow down the airflow velocity and perform flow diversion.

2. A preparation device for a high-porous honeycomb catalyst, which is used to prepare a high-porous honeycomb catalyst having a metal oxide as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises a base (1), a pedestal (14), a barrel (11), a hopper (12), a heating module (13) and a screw (15); a material suction piece (3) is rotatably arranged on the hopper (12); a plurality of inclined plates (31) are fixedly arranged on the material suction piece (3) for accelerating the falling of slurry at the side wall of the hopper (12); It also comprises a shaking plate (4), a wedge-shaped block (43) being fixedly arranged on the shaking plate (4), a sliding groove being arranged on the hopper (12), the wedge-shaped block (43) being slidably arranged in the sliding groove, and the sliding groove comprising an upward moving portion (9) and a shaking portion (91).

3. The preparation device of a high-porous honeycomb catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fixing plate (41) is slidably disposed on the shaking plate (4), a plurality of first springs (42) are disposed between the fixing plate (41) and the shaking plate (4), and two ends of the first springs (42) are respectively fixedly connected to the fixing plate (41) and the shaking plate (4).

4. The preparation device of a high-porous honeycomb catalyst according to claim 3, characterized in that: A support rod (2) is fixedly arranged on the base (14), a lifting rod (5) is slidably arranged on the support rod (2), and the lifting rod (5) is fixedly connected to the fixing plate (41).

5. The preparation device of a high-porous honeycomb catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second rotating tube (32) is fixedly provided on the material suction member (3), a third spiral groove (33) is provided on the second rotating tube (32), and a second protrusion (52) is fixedly provided on the lifting rod (5), the second protrusion (52) is slidably provided in the third spiral groove (33).

6. The preparation device of a high-porous honeycomb catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first rotating tube (21) is rotatably arranged on the support rod (2), and a plurality of scrapers (22) are fixedly arranged on the first rotating tube (21), wherein the plurality of scrapers (22) are in contact with the inner wall of the hopper (12); The first rotating tube (21) is provided with a second spiral groove (23), the lifting rod (5) is fixedly provided with a first protrusion (51), and the first protrusion (51) is slidably arranged in the second spiral groove (23).

7. The preparation device of a high-porous honeycomb catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that: A reciprocating rod (6) is slidably disposed on the base (14), a stirring block (61) is rotatably disposed on the reciprocating rod (6), and the stirring block (61) is slidably and rotatably connected to the barrel (11); A fixing block (17) is fixedly arranged on the barrel (11), and a first spiral groove (18) is arranged on the fixing block (17). A third protrusion (62) is fixedly arranged on the stirring block (61), and the third protrusion (62) is slidably arranged in the first spiral groove (18).

8. The preparation device of a high-porous honeycomb catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that: A rotating shaft (7) is rotatably arranged on the base (14), a second circular plate (71) is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft (7), an abutment column (73) is fixedly arranged on the second circular plate (71), an abutment rod (64) is fixedly arranged on the reciprocating rod (6), and the abutment column (73) abuts against the abutment rod (64); A motor (8) is fixedly arranged on the base (14), and an output shaft of the motor (8) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (7).

9. The device for preparing a high-porous honeycomb catalyst according to claim 8, characterized in that: A second spring (63) is provided between the abutment rod (64) and the base (14), and two ends of the second spring (63) are respectively fixedly connected to the abutment rod (64) and the abutment column (73).

10. The device for preparing a high-porous honeycomb catalyst according to claim 8, characterized in that: A first circular plate (16) is fixedly arranged on the screw rod (15), a cross bar (72) is fixedly arranged between the first circular plate (16) and the second circular plate (71), a cross groove (53) is arranged on the lifting rod (5), and the cross bar (72) is slidably arranged in the cross groove (53).

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