Ecological drainage system and drainage channel

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological drainage system, and relates to the technical field of farmland drainage, the ecological drainage system mainly comprises a middle purification system and two side purification systems, the two side purification systems are arranged on the two sides of the middle purification system respectively, and the middle purification system comprises a middle purification cavity and a first filler layer; the side purification system comprises side purification cavities, a second filler layer and a plant system, the plant system is used for absorbing and degrading pollutants, each side purification cavity is separated from the middle purification cavity, the middle purification cavity and the two side purification cavities are all arranged in a pit groove in the bottom of the drainage channel body, and the first filler layer is lower than the second filler layer. The top surface of the first filler layer is lower than the bottom of the drainage channel main body, and the second filler layer is higher than the bottom of the drainage channel main body. The invention further discloses a drainage channel which comprises a drainage channel body and the ecological drainage system. According to the invention, targeted treatment can be carried out for different water inflow, the treatment capacity can be increased, and the treatment efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of farmland drainage, and in particular to an ecological drainage system and a drainage channel. Background Art

[0002] Farmland non-point source pollution is one of the important factors affecting the quality of water environment. In the treatment of non-point source pollution, ecological ditches are widely used technical measures for intercepting and purifying pollutants in farmland drainage. Ecological ditches can effectively purify major pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus while ensuring smooth drainage. However, the current construction method of ecological ditches takes less consideration of multi-point water inflow and water volume differences. In addition, due to the single cross-sectional type of ecological ditches, it is impossible to improve the treatment efficiency when the water volume is uneven. Regardless of the amount of water, the entire ecological ditch will be put into use, affecting the treatment efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an ecological drainage system and drainage ditch to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological drainage system and a drainage channel to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, and to be able to carry out targeted treatment according to different water inflows and to improve the treatment efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides an ecological drainage system, comprising a central purification system and two side purification systems, wherein the two side purification systems are respectively arranged on both sides of the central purification system, wherein the central purification system comprises a central purification chamber and a first filler layer arranged in the central purification chamber, and the side purification system comprises a side purification chamber, a second filler layer and a plant system, wherein the second filler layer is arranged in the side purification chamber, and the plant system is arranged on the second filler layer for absorbing and degrading pollutants, and each of the side purification chambers is separated from the central purification chamber, and the central purification chamber and the two side purification chambers are all arranged in a bottom pit of a drainage channel body, wherein the height of the first filler layer is lower than the height of the second filler layer, and the top surface of the first filler layer is lower than the height of the bottom of the drainage channel body, and the height of the second filler layer is higher than the height of the bottom of the drainage channel body.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes a partition, which is arranged between the central purification chamber and the side purification chamber to separate the central purification chamber from the side purification chamber. The central purification system also includes a plurality of baffles, which are staggered left and right along the length direction of the drainage channel, and are perpendicular to the ground and the partition and connected to the partition.

[0007] Preferably, the baffle is provided with a plurality of perforations, the top perforation is 0.04-0.06m away from the upper edge of the baffle, the top perforation is 0.1-0.2m away from the bottom perforation, the aperture of the perforations is 4.5-5.5mm, and every two baffles are spaced 0.2-0.3m apart, and the length of each baffle is 2 / 3 of the span of the two partitions.

[0008] Preferably, it also includes a fixed base, a first water baffle and a second water baffle, the fixed base is arranged in the bottom groove, the partition is arranged perpendicular to the fixed base, and the partition is arranged on the upper part of the fixed base, the first water baffle is arranged at both ends of the middle purification system, the bottom of the first water baffle is fixedly connected to the fixed base, and the height of the first water baffle is consistent with the height of the filler filled in the middle purification system, the second water baffle is arranged at both ends of the side purification system, the bottom of the second water baffle is fixedly connected to the fixed base, and the height of the second water baffle is consistent with the height of the filler filled in the side purification system and is higher than the height of the first water baffle.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a baffle, which is arranged perpendicular to the fixed base and is arranged to fit the side wall of the bottom pit.

[0010] Preferably, the baffle and the partition are arranged at the same height, and the height between the baffle and the partition is 0.6-0.8m, the top of the baffle and the partition is consistent with the bottom height of the drainage channel, and the height of the filler between the partitions is 0.18-0.22m lower than the height of the filler between the partition and the baffle;

[0011] Wherein, a baffle plate is arranged across the top of the baffle plate and the partition plate, and the baffle plate is 0.08-0.12m higher than the top of the baffle plate and the partition plate.

[0012] Preferably, the width of the central purification system is not less than 0.3 m, and the width of the two side purification systems is not more than 0.3 m.

[0013] Preferably, the filler layer is formed of bagged filler, the filler in the bagged filler is one or more combinations of volcanic rock, natural zeolite or artificial ceramsite, the particle size of the filler is 10-40 mm, and the weight of each bag of the filler is 2-3 kg.

[0014] Preferably, the plants planted in the plant system are low-growing wetland plants or emergent plants.

[0015] The present invention also provides a drainage channel, comprising a drainage channel body and the ecological drainage system as described above.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0017] The ecological drainage system provided by the present invention includes a central purification system and two side purification systems, the two side purification systems are arranged on both sides of the central purification system and separated by a partition, the central purification system and the two side purification systems are both arranged in the bottom pit of the drainage channel, the space between the partitions is used for filling to form the central purification system, the space between the partition and the side wall of the bottom pit is used for filling to form two side purification systems, wherein the height of the central purification system is lower than the height of the two side purification systems, and plant systems are arranged in the two side purification systems, and the plant systems are used to degrade microorganisms. In the present invention, when the water inflow is small, the water flow can only enter the middle purification system. The middle purification system utilizes the sedimentation, filtration, adsorption and microbial degradation of the filler to intercept pollutants and purify the water source. When the water inflow is large, the water passes over the partition and enters the two side purification systems. The two side purification systems increase the processing capacity. The middle purification system works synergistically with the two side purification systems to improve the processing efficiency. Plants are planted in the two side purification systems. The plants provide energy for the growth of microorganisms, which can ensure the ecological function of the ecological drainage system and can effectively process the incoming water. The present invention can perform targeted treatment for different water inflows to improve the processing efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A plan view of an ecological drainage system in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an ecological drainage system in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a drainage channel in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the baffle in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 101-central purification system; 102-lateral purification system; 1-partition; 2-fixed base; 3-plant system; 4-baffle; 5-baffle; 51-perforation; 6-edge baffle; 7-water flow stabilization area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological drainage system and a drainage channel to solve the problems existing in the prior art, to be able to carry out targeted treatment for different water inflows, and to improve the treatment efficiency.

[0026] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] Embodiment 1

[0028] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides an ecological drainage system, including a central purification system 101 and two side purification systems 102, the two side purification systems 102 are respectively arranged on both sides of the central purification system 101, the central purification system 101 includes a central purification chamber and a first filler layer arranged in the central purification chamber, the side purification system 102 includes a side purification chamber, a second filler layer and a plant system, the second filler layer is arranged in the side purification chamber, the first filler layer and the second filler layer can store drainage, precipitate, adsorb and degrade pollutants, the plant system is arranged on the second filler layer, and is used to absorb and degrade pollutants, and each side purification chamber is separated from the central purification chamber, the central purification chamber and the two side purification chambers are all arranged in the bottom pit of the drainage channel body, wherein the height of the first filler layer is lower than the height of the second filler layer, and the top surface of the first filler layer is lower than the height of the bottom of the drainage channel body, and the height of the second filler layer is higher than the height of the bottom of the drainage channel body. The filler can provide a large surface area, providing a carrier for the attachment and growth of microorganisms. The microorganisms form a biofilm on the surface of the filler, which can effectively adsorb and degrade pollutants in the water, such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., thereby improving the water purification effect. The water flows along the length direction of the middle purification system 101 and the side purification system 102. The height of the middle purification system 101 is lower than the two side purification systems 102. The stepped design helps to form a unique water flow path and purification environment. When the water flows through the ecological drainage system, it will first pass through the middle purification system 101. After the water volume is large, it will flow to the two side purification systems 102, which can realize a multi-level, step-by-step purification process and improve the purification efficiency. And the first filler layer and the second filler layer are both located in the bottom pit of the drainage channel body, which is equivalent to the height of the filler layer plus the height above the original channel bottom surface. Compared with the traditional drainage channel, it can also increase the capacity of the treated water.

[0029] When the water inflow is small, the water flow can only enter the middle purification system 101. The middle purification system 101 utilizes the sedimentation, filtration, adsorption and microbial degradation of the filler to intercept pollutants and purify the drainage. When the water inflow is large, the water passes over the partition 1 and enters the two side purification systems 102. The two side purification systems 102 increase the processing capacity. The middle purification system 101 and the two side purification systems 102 work together to improve the processing efficiency. Plants are planted in the two side purification systems 102. The plants provide energy for the growth of microorganisms and can absorb some pollutants. They can ensure the ecological function of the ecological drainage system and can effectively treat the incoming water. They can carry out targeted treatment of different water inflows to improve the processing efficiency.

[0030] It should be noted that the ecological drainage system of this embodiment is a partial transformation of the existing drainage channel, which can be used in conjunction with the original ecological ditch, and can also be used for the transformation of three-sided hard drainage channels.

[0031] In some embodiments, a partition 1 is also included, which is arranged between the middle purification chamber and the side purification chamber to separate the middle purification chamber from the side purification chamber. The middle purification system 101 also includes a plurality of baffles 5, which are staggered left and right along the length direction of the drainage channel, and are perpendicular to the ground and the partition 1 and connected to the partition 1. The baffles 5 are arranged above the first filler layer of the middle purification chamber. The staggered arrangement of the baffles 5 prevents the water flow from passing through the middle purification system 101 in a straight line, but is forced to continuously change the flow direction, greatly prolonging the process of the water flow in the purification system, so that the water has more contact time with the filler, microorganisms and other purification media, so that the material exchange and purification reaction can be more fully carried out, and the removal efficiency of pollutants in the water is improved.

[0032] In some embodiments, a plurality of perforations 51 are provided on the baffle 5, and the top perforation 51 is 0.04-0.06m away from the upper edge of the baffle 5, preferably 0.05m. The perforation 51 is at a suitable water level position so that the water flow can form effective diversion and mixing through the perforation 51, thereby ensuring the smoothness of the water flow and the stability of the purification effect. The distance between the top perforation 51 and the bottom perforation 51 is 0.1-0.2m, and specifically, they are arranged side by side, and the distance between the top row of perforations 51 and the bottom row of perforations 51 is 0.1-0.2m. The perforations 51 arranged side by side at different heights form water flow channels of different heights on the baffle 5, so that the water flow has different flow velocities and directions when passing through the perforations 51, thereby forming an effective water flow gradient, which can further enhance the disturbance and mixing degree of the water body, promote the diffusion and decomposition of pollutants at different levels, and improve the purification efficiency. The aperture of the perforation 51 is 4.5-5.5mm, preferably 5mm. The smaller aperture can ensure that the water flow generates a certain resistance when passing through the perforation 51, making the water flow more dispersed and uniform, and enhancing the purification effect. At the same time, this aperture will not be too small to be easily blocked by impurities. While ensuring the purification efficiency, it can maintain the normal operation of the system and reduce maintenance costs. And every two baffles 5 are spaced 0.2-0.3m apart. This spacing distance will neither make the water flow too fast to cause insufficient purification time, nor make the water flow too slow to affect the drainage efficiency. It can allow the water flow to flow between the baffles 5 at an appropriate speed, ensuring that the water flow has enough time to contact the purification medium and give full play to the purification effect. The length of each baffle 5 is 2 / 3 of the span of the two partitions 1. A plurality of perforations 51 are provided on the baffle 5, so that when the water flows through the baffle 5, a portion of the water flows through the perforations 51, forming a different flow path from the mainstream, thereby enhancing the mixing effect of the water flow, making the water body more evenly distributed in the purification system, promoting more complete contact and exchange between pollutants and the purification medium, and improving the purification efficiency.

[0033] In some embodiments, the ecological drainage system further includes a fixed base 2, a first water baffle and a second water baffle, the fixed base 2 is arranged in the bottom pit, the partition 1 is arranged perpendicular to the fixed base 2, and the partition is arranged on the upper part of the fixed base, the first water baffle is arranged at both ends of the middle purification system, the bottom of the first water baffle is fixedly connected to the fixed base, and the height of the first water baffle is consistent with the height of the filler filled in the middle purification system, and the second water baffle is arranged at both ends of the side purification system, the bottom of the second water baffle is fixedly connected to the fixed base, and the height of the second water baffle is consistent with the height of the filler filled in the side purification system, and is higher than the height of the first water baffle. The fixed base 2 is arranged in the bottom pit to provide basic support for the entire ecological drainage system, and can disperse the pressure borne by the system, including the weight of fillers and plants, so that the entire system is more stably fixed at the bottom of the drainage channel, reducing the risk of system displacement or deformation caused by external forces, and ensuring long-term reliable operation. The specific fixed base 2 can be a cement-cast base or a PVC plate base.

[0034] In some embodiments, the ecological drainage system further includes a baffle 4, which is arranged perpendicular to the fixed base 2 and is arranged in contact with the side wall of the bottom pit. The baffle 4 is vertically attached to the side wall of the bottom pit and cooperates with the fixed base 2 to provide additional structural support for the entire ecological drainage system, enhance the integrity and stability of the system, better resist the impact of water flow and other external forces, and prevent the purification system from being displaced or damaged due to external forces.

[0035] It should be noted that the two side purification systems 102 are arranged according to the original ditch cross-section. If the ditch cross-section is rectangular, the baffle 4 is parallel to the ditch wall, and can be extended to both sides by 0.2-0.3m according to the width to improve the diversion purification efficiency. If the ditch cross-section is trapezoidal, it is parallel to the bottom angle line of the ditch, that is, the hypotenuse of the trapezoid, and can be extended to both sides by 0.2-0.3m according to the width.

[0036] In some embodiments, the baffle 4 and the partition 1 are arranged at the same height, and the height of the baffle 4 and the partition 1 is 0.6-0.8m. Specifically, the ecological drainage system of this embodiment is arranged below the bottom of the ditch. Taking into account the implementation cost, purification efficiency and the influence of the groundwater level, the depth is set to be 0.6-0.8m lower than the bottom of the ditch. The top of the baffle 4 and the partition 1 is consistent with the bottom height of the drainage ditch. The height of the filler between the partition 1 is 0.18-0.22m lower than the height of the filler between the partition 1 and the baffle 4, preferably 0.2m. This height difference can form a specific water level difference in the system, guiding the water flow to flow along a predetermined path. The water flow first passes through the lower middle purification system 101 (the area between the partition 1), and then overflows to the two higher side purification systems 102 (the area between the baffle 4 and the partition 1), prolonging the residence time of the water flow in the purification system, increasing the contact opportunities between the water and the filler and microorganisms, thereby improving the purification effect.

[0037] Among them, a baffle plate 6 is arranged across the top of the baffle 4 and the partition 1. The baffle plate 6 is 0.08-0.12m higher than the top of the baffle 4 and the partition 1, and is preferably 0.1m. A water baffle is arranged behind the baffle plate 6. The height of the water baffle is the same as that of the baffle plate. A water flow stabilization zone 7 is formed between the water baffle and the baffle plate 6. The length of the water flow stabilization zone 7 is preferably 0.4m. After the water overflows the baffle plate 6 and flows into the water flow stabilization zone 7 for buffering, it flows into the drainage ditch to ensure a smooth water flow.

[0038] It should be noted that the baffle 4 and the partition 1 can be welded with PVC plates (with a bottom, which is the fixed base 2 mentioned above), the plate thickness is 5-10mm, or they can be formed in one step by plastic mold, the thickness is also 5-10mm. When the width meets the requirements, brick-concrete or concrete casting can also be used, but it should be noted that the baffle 4 should fit the original ditch wall, and the baffle 4 and the partition 1 should be made of the same material, and the internal deflector 5 should also be made of the same material.

[0039] In some embodiments, the width of the middle purification system is not less than 0.3m, and the width of the two side purification systems 102 is not more than 0.3m. The middle purification system undertakes the main task of water purification. The width of not less than 0.3m can provide a larger water flow section and sufficient space to arrange fillers and other purification media, so that the mainstream in the drainage channel can be fully purified in the middle, and the pollutants in the water are removed preliminarily and more concentratedly. The middle purification system 101 and the two side purification systems 102 of different widths make the water flow form different flow rates and flow states when passing through. The middle part is wider, the water flow is relatively stable and the flow rate is slightly slower, which is conducive to the precipitation of pollutants and the adsorption and degradation of microorganisms; the two sides are narrower, the water flow speed will change, and the water flow speed is faster than the water flow speed in the middle purification system. The two water flows form a certain turbulence, which promotes the full mixing of the water body and the purification medium, and further improves the purification efficiency.

[0040] In some embodiments, the first packing layer and the second packing layer are both formed by bagged packing, and the packing in the bagged packing is one or more combinations of volcanic rock, natural zeolite or artificial ceramsite, the particle size of the packing is 10-40 mm, and the weight of each bag of packing is 2-3 kg. Volcanic rock, natural zeolite and artificial ceramsite all have rich pore structures, which make them have a large specific surface area. The large surface area provides more attachment sites for microorganisms, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms on their surface to form biofilms, and can efficiently adsorb and degrade pollutants in water, such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., thereby improving the purification capacity of the ecological drainage system. The weight of each bag of packing is 2-3 kg, which is convenient for manual handling, and the range of particle size of 10-40 mm ensures that there are enough gaps between the packings for water to flow through, and does not make the gaps too large to cause a large amount of water to flow directly through.

[0041] In some embodiments, the plant system 3 is a low-growing wetland plant or an emergent plant, specifically an evergreen iris or pennywort, etc., and is cultivated in a soilless manner. When an emergent plant such as an evergreen iris is used, the planting spacing is about 0.15m, and the planting depth in the filler is about 0.15-0.20m.

[0042] Embodiment 2

[0043] This embodiment also provides a drainage channel, including a drainage channel main body and an ecological drainage system as described in Example 1, wherein the ecological drainage system is 1.8-2.2m long and is arranged every 30-50m along the length of the drainage channel main body, and an ecological drainage system is arranged at the end of the drainage channel main body. An ecological drainage system with a length of 1.8-2.2m is arranged every 30-50m along the length of the drainage channel main body, forming multiple continuous purification nodes. In the process of flowing through the drainage channel, the water will pass through these ecological drainage systems many times and be continuously purified. Each ecological drainage system can adsorb, degrade and transform pollutants in the water, gradually reduce the concentration of pollutants in the water body, and thus effectively improve the effluent water quality at the end of the drainage channel. An ecological drainage system is arranged at the end of the drainage channel main body, which can perform the final purification and ecological regulation of the water flow of the entire drainage channel, stabilize the ecological environment at the end of the drainage channel, and prevent the adverse effects on the ecological environment caused by changes in water flow or residual pollutants.

[0044] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological drainage system, characterized in that: It includes a central purification system and two side purification systems, the two side purification systems are respectively arranged on both sides of the central purification system, the central purification system includes a central purification chamber and a first filler layer arranged in the central purification chamber, the side purification system includes a side purification chamber, a second filler layer and a plant system, the second filler layer is arranged in the side purification chamber, the plant system is arranged on the second filler layer for absorbing and degrading pollutants, and each side purification chamber is separated from the central purification chamber, the central purification chamber and the two side purification chambers are all arranged in the bottom pit of the drainage channel body, wherein the height of the first filler layer is lower than the height of the second filler layer, and the top surface of the first filler layer is lower than the height of the bottom of the drainage channel body, and the height of the second filler layer is higher than the height of the bottom of the drainage channel body.

2. The ecological drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a partition, which is arranged between the central purification chamber and the side purification chamber to separate the central purification chamber from the side purification chamber. The central purification system also includes a plurality of baffles, which are staggered left and right along the length direction of the drainage channel, and are perpendicular to the ground and the partition and connected to the partition.

3. The ecological drainage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The baffle is provided with a plurality of perforations, the top perforation is 0.04-0.06m away from the upper edge of the baffle, the top perforation is 0.1-0.2m away from the bottom perforation, the aperture of the perforations is 4.5-5.5mm, and the interval between every two baffles is 0.2-0.3m, and the length of each baffle is 2 / 3 of the span of the two partitions.

4. The ecological drainage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a fixed base, a first water baffle and a second water baffle, the fixed base is arranged in the bottom pit, the partition is arranged perpendicular to the fixed base, and the partition is arranged on the upper part of the fixed base, the first water baffle is arranged at both ends of the middle purification system, the bottom of the first water baffle is fixedly connected to the fixed base, and the height of the first water baffle is consistent with the height of the filler filled in the middle purification system, and the second water baffle is arranged at both ends of the side purification system, the bottom of the second water baffle is fixedly connected to the fixed base, and the height of the second water baffle is consistent with the height of the filler filled in the side purification system and is higher than the height of the first water baffle.

5. The ecological drainage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a baffle, which is arranged perpendicular to the fixed base and is arranged in contact with the side wall of the bottom pit.

6. The ecological drainage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The baffle and the partition are arranged at the same height, and the height between the baffle and the partition is 0.6-0.8m, the top of the baffle and the partition is consistent with the bottom of the drainage channel, and the height of the filler between the partitions is 0.18-0.22m lower than the height of the filler between the partition and the baffle; Wherein, a baffle plate is arranged across the top of the baffle plate and the partition plate, and the baffle plate is 0.08-0.12m higher than the top of the baffle plate and the partition plate.

7. The ecological drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the middle purification system is not less than 0.3 m, and the width of the two side purification systems is not more than 0.3 m.

8. The ecological drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first filler layer and the second filler layer are both formed of bagged fillers, the fillers in the bagged fillers are one or more combinations of volcanic rock, natural zeolite or artificial ceramsite, the particle size of the fillers is 10-40mm, and the weight of each bag of the fillers is 2-3kg.

9. The ecological drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plants planted in the plant system are low-growing wetland plants or emergent water plants.

10. A drainage channel, characterized in that: It comprises a drainage channel main body and an ecological drainage system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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