Drawer type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment and method

Abstract

The application discloses a drawer type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment and method, and relates to the field of organic solid waste disposal. The equipment comprises a fermentation box body, which is internally provided with multiple rows and multiple columns of independent drawer type spaces which are in communication with each other. A fermentation drawer in the independent drawer type space is used for supporting and loading material to be fermented. A forced ventilation system can ventilate and supply oxygen to the fermentation box body. A box cover is sealingly connected to the top of the fermentation box body, and a selective permeability functional film which prevents direct communication between the inside and outside of the fermentation box body is laid and fixed on the box cover. The method of the drawer type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment realizes a continuous feeding and discharging mode in which material is fed into the fermentation drawer at the central position and discharged from the fermentation drawer at the peripheral position. The overall high-temperature environment formed by the multiple rows and multiple columns of fermentation drawers can realize rapid heating of newly fed initial material. The fermentation drawer at the peripheral position can also form a "biological filter tank effect" to realize adsorption and secondary degradation of foul gas generated by the material in the fermentation drawer at the central position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic solid waste disposal technology, and in particular to a drawer-type membrane-covered aerobic fermentation equipment and method. Background Technology

[0002] High-temperature aerobic fermentation is one of the mainstream methods for treating livestock and poultry manure to achieve its resource utilization, harmlessness, and volume reduction. In large-scale farms or manure treatment centers, strip-chopping, trough-type, reactor-type, and membrane-covered aerobic fermentation technologies are widely used for large-scale, efficient treatment of solid manure. However, for smaller farms or individual farmers, due to the smaller volume of livestock and poultry manure produced, existing large-scale treatment technologies are not applicable, and there is an urgent need for simplified aerobic fermentation technologies and equipment to achieve manure treatment.

[0003] To address the above issues, relevant scholars have developed and designed a box-type simplified aerobic fermentation technology. This technology mainly uses a box of a certain volume to support and load solid manure, supplemented by efficient ventilation and oxygen supply, to achieve rapid heating, efficient sterilization, and thorough decomposition of livestock and poultry manure. However, the following problems still need to be solved: (1) The current box-type simplified aerobic fermentation technology is a batch processing technology. The material cannot be moved during the fermentation process, nor can it be continuously fed or discharged. Therefore, the livestock and poultry manure generated simultaneously by the farm during the fermentation process needs to be temporarily stored in an open manner, which increases the environmental risk; (2) The box-type aerobic fermentation technology is a simplified aerobic fermentation technology, which has problems such as small stacking scale, large heat loss, and short high temperature duration. It has high requirements for ambient temperature and initial material temperature. It is difficult to start fermentation in cold weather and the fermentation cycle is long; (3) The box-type aerobic fermentation technology has a large amount of odorous gas emissions and serious nitrogen loss, which leads to a large environmental impact during the fermentation process and insufficient fertilizer efficiency of the produced organic fertilizer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tray-type membrane-covered aerobic fermentation device and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. On the one hand, it realizes a continuous feeding and discharging mode with the fermentation tray at the center and the fermentation tray at the periphery. On the other hand, the overall high-temperature environment formed by multiple rows and columns of fermentation trays can achieve rapid heating of the newly added initial material, effectively improving the activity of fermenting microorganisms, promoting rapid explosion, and accelerating the fermentation process. Finally, the fermentation trays at the periphery can also form a "biofilter effect," realizing the adsorption and secondary degradation of malodorous gases generated by the material in the fermentation tray at the center, achieving source emission reduction and nitrogen recovery.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] This invention provides a drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation device, comprising:

[0007] The fermentation chamber contains multiple rows and columns of interconnected independent drawer-type spaces;

[0008] Multiple fermentation drawers are used to support and load the materials to be fermented, and are placed in separate drawer-shaped spaces, with the bottom of each fermentation drawer densely covered with pores.

[0009] A forced ventilation system is fixedly installed on one side of the fermentation chamber. It has a ventilation duct that communicates with the bottom of the fermentation chamber and can ventilate and supply oxygen to the fermentation chamber.

[0010] The box cover is sealed to the top of the fermentation box, and a selectively permeable functional membrane is laid and fixed on the box cover to prevent direct communication between the inside and outside of the fermentation box.

[0011] Optionally, the fermentation chamber includes an integral support frame, in which multiple horizontal stainless steel rods, vertical stainless steel rods, and longitudinal stainless steel rods are welded together in sequence to form the independent drawer-shaped space; the outer side and bottom of the integral support frame are fixedly and sealed with metal plates; a sealing gasket is provided on the top of the metal plate on the outer side of the integral support frame, and the chamber lid is sealed to the top of the metal plate on the outer side of the integral support frame using the sealing gasket.

[0012] Optionally, the metal plate on one side of the fermentation box is provided with two box doors with a double-opening structure. One end of the box door is hinged to the metal plate on one side of the overall support, and the other end is provided with a limiting rod that can move vertically. Two limiting rings are fixedly provided at the bottom of the metal plate of the overall support with the box door. After the box door is closed, the bottom of the limiting rod can be inserted into the corresponding limiting ring.

[0013] Optionally, the fermentation drawer includes a bottom plate and four side plates, each side of the bottom plate is fixedly and sealed to one of the side plates, and the bottom plate has a plurality of holes.

[0014] Optionally, the base plate is symmetrically provided with pulleys on both sides, and the pulleys are slidably disposed in the independent drawer-shaped space.

[0015] Optionally, the forced ventilation system includes a forced ventilation box, a display controller, a fan, and a ventilation box door. The forced ventilation box is fixed to the outside of the fermentation chamber, and the display controller and the fan are fixed inside the forced ventilation box. One end of the display controller is electrically connected to an external power source, and the other end is electrically connected to the fan. The display controller is used for real-time display of ventilation data and real-time control of ventilation rate and ventilation time. The air outlet of the fan is fixedly connected to the bottom of the chamber via a ventilation duct. The ventilation box door is hinged to the outside of the forced ventilation box. The bottom end of the forced ventilation box is flush with the bottom end of the fermentation chamber. The ventilation box door near the display controller is made of transparent glass.

[0016] Optionally, the fermentation tank is equipped with multiple casters at the bottom and multiple lifting rings at the top.

[0017] Optionally, the housing cover includes two side cover plates with a semi-elliptical cross section, and a plurality of stainless steel ribs with the same shape as the side cover plates are provided between the two side cover plates; both ends of the side cover plates and the stainless steel ribs are respectively welded to two transverse stainless steel ribs at the front and rear, and a layer of the selective permeability functional membrane is covered and fixed on the side cover plates and the stainless steel ribs; one of the transverse stainless steel ribs is hinged to the top of the metal plate on one side of the overall support; Z-shaped gas spring devices are symmetrically hinged at both ends of the overall support, and the telescopic rod end of the Z-shaped gas spring device is hinged to the outer side of the corresponding side cover plate.

[0018] Optionally, the selectively permeable functional membrane includes a waterproof and breathable layer made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene with 0.2 μm micropores evenly distributed on it, which allows small molecule gases to escape and prevents large particle size substances generated during fermentation from passing through.

[0019] The present invention also provides a drawer-type covered aerobic fermentation method, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Calculate the required number of fermentation trays, the volume of each fermentation tray, the feeding frequency, the feeding quantity, the ventilation rate, the ventilation time, and the interval time based on the amount of solid waste generated, and complete the equipment assembly.

[0021] Step 2: Mix solid manure and auxiliary expansion agent evenly according to the set ratio, and adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 65%, the organic matter content to be greater than 75%, and the C / N ratio to 20.

[0022] Step 3: Transfer the well-mixed materials into the fermentation trays, and then insert the fermentation trays into the individual tray-shaped spaces one by one;

[0023] Step 4: Close the lid and door of the container tightly, connect the external power supply to start powering on, and adjust the ventilation rate, ventilation time and interval time through the display screen of the forced ventilation system to start forced ventilation and fermentation.

[0024] Step 5: When fermentation enters the cooling period, remove the outer fermentation trays to complete the discharge operation, gradually move the fermentation tray in the center to the outer independent tray space, and then insert the fermentation tray loaded with the new material into the vacated independent tray space in the center.

[0025] Step six: Repeat step five until all materials have been processed.

[0026] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0027] 1. The present invention, a tray-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment, employs multiple fermentation trays arranged in rows and columns. The temperature at the center of the tray is higher, and the material that has completed preliminary fermentation moves to the periphery along with the fermentation tray. Then, a new fermentation tray and new material are added to the empty center. When the new material in the center has completed preliminary fermentation, the material in the periphery has been completely fermented and can be removed for discharge. Then, the central fermentation tray is gradually moved to the periphery, and a new fermentation tray and material are added to the center again. This method solves the problem of continuous feeding and discharging in the current box-type aerobic fermentation process.

[0028] 2. The present invention, a drawer-type covered aerobic fermentation equipment, uses a central fermentation drawer for feeding and an outer fermentation drawer for discharging. This allows newly introduced materials to ferment and generate heat in the central fermentation drawer, the fermented materials to gradually move from the central fermentation drawer to the outer fermentation drawers, and the cooled, decomposed materials to be discharged from the outer fermentation drawers. This achieves material circulation from the inside out and heat concentration at the center, which can maintain a high temperature throughout the fermentation chamber, especially in the central fermentation drawer. When feeding materials from the central fermentation drawer, the initial materials can be rapidly heated, effectively improving the activity of fermenting microorganisms, promoting rapid explosion, and accelerating the fermentation process. This solves the problems of traditional box-type aerobic fermentation, such as high requirements for ambient temperature and initial material temperature, difficulty in starting fermentation in cold weather, and long fermentation cycles.

[0029] 3. The material supported and loaded in the fermentation drawer at the periphery of the drawer-type membrane aerobic fermentation equipment of the present invention is a decomposed material, which can form a "biofilter effect" to achieve the adsorption and secondary degradation of the malodorous gas generated by the rapid fermentation of the newly added material in the central fermentation drawer. This achieves source reduction of malodorous gas emissions and nitrogen recovery, and solves the problems of large environmental impact and low fertilizer efficiency of box-type aerobic fermentation technology. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a drawer-type membrane-covered aerobic fermentation device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a front view of a drawer-type membrane-covered aerobic fermentation device according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a side view of a drawer-type covered aerobic fermentation device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 1-Fermentation chamber; 11-Integrated support frame; 12-Chamber door; 13-Wheel casters; 14-Lifting ring; 15-Sealing gasket; 16-Z-type air spring device; 17-Hinge; 18-Limiting rod; 2-Fermentation drawer; 21-Base plate; 22-Pulleys; 3-Forced ventilation system; 31-Forced ventilation box; 32-Display controller; 33-Ventilation box door; 4-Chamber lid; 41-Stainless steel frame; 42-Selective permeability membrane. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tray-type membrane-covered aerobic fermentation device and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. On the one hand, it realizes a continuous feeding and discharging mode with the fermentation tray at the center and the fermentation tray at the periphery. On the other hand, the overall high-temperature environment formed by multiple rows and columns of fermentation trays can achieve rapid heating of the newly added initial material, effectively improving the activity of fermenting microorganisms, promoting rapid explosion, and accelerating the fermentation process. Finally, the fermentation trays at the periphery can also form a "biofilter effect," realizing the adsorption and secondary degradation of malodorous gases generated by the material in the fermentation tray at the center, achieving source emission reduction and nitrogen recovery.

[0037] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] In large-scale farms or manure treatment centers, various forms of aerobic fermentation technology are widely used for the large-scale, efficient treatment of solid manure. However, for smaller farms or individual farmers, where the amount of livestock and poultry manure produced is relatively small, existing large-scale treatment technologies are not applicable. To address this issue, the inventor has developed a simplified box-type aerobic fermentation technology. This technology uses a box of a certain volume to hold and load solid manure, supplemented by efficient ventilation and oxygen supply, to achieve rapid heating, efficient sterilization, and thorough decomposition of livestock and poultry manure. However, this box-type technology still has certain drawbacks. Firstly, the current simplified box-type aerobic fermentation technology is a batch processing technology. During fermentation, the material cannot be moved, nor can it be continuously fed or discharged. Therefore, livestock and poultry manure generated simultaneously by the farm during fermentation needs to be temporarily stored in an open environment, increasing environmental risks.

[0039] To address this problem, the present invention provides a drawer-type covered aerobic fermentation device, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, its structure includes a fermentation chamber 1 and multiple fermentation drawers 2. The fermentation chamber 1 has multiple rows and columns of interconnected independent drawer-shaped spaces. The fermentation drawers 2 are used to support and load the materials to be fermented, and are placed in each of the independent drawer-shaped spaces. The bottom of the fermentation drawers 2 is densely covered with pores. A forced ventilation system 3 is fixedly installed on one side of the fermentation chamber 1. It has ventilation pipes that are connected to the bottom of the fermentation chamber 1, and can ventilate and supply oxygen to the fermentation chamber 1. Thus, all fermentation drawers 2 in the fermentation chamber 1 can carry out aerobic fermentation. Since there are multiple fermentation drawers 2 in the fermentation chamber 1, during the fermentation process, the newly added materials ferment and generate heat at the central fermentation drawer 2. Then, the fermented materials are manually moved from the center to the periphery along with the fermentation drawers 2. The decomposed materials in the outer fermentation drawers 2 are discharged after cooling. Thus, by feeding into the fermentation drawers 2 at the center and discharging into the fermentation drawers 2 at the periphery, the problem of continuous feeding and discharging in the current box-type aerobic fermentation process is solved.

[0040] Meanwhile, the present invention adopts a structure of multiple fermentation trays 2 arranged in multiple rows and columns. The overall high-temperature environment formed by the multiple fermentation trays 2 can achieve rapid heating of the newly introduced initial material at the center, effectively improving the activity of fermentation microorganisms, promoting rapid explosion, and accelerating the fermentation process. The fermentation trays 2 at the outer position can also form a "biofilter effect", which can adsorb and degrade the malodorous gases generated by the newly introduced fermentation trays 2 at the center, thereby achieving source emission reduction and nitrogen recovery.

[0041] To further improve the aerobic fermentation effect, this embodiment of the invention has a sealed, closable lid 4 at the top of the fermentation chamber 1. A selectively permeable membrane 42 is laid on and fixed on the lid 4 to prevent direct communication between the inside and outside of the fermentation chamber 1. The selectively permeable membrane 42 consists of three layers from the outside to the inside: an anti-ultraviolet layer, a waterproof and breathable layer, and a support layer. It is a closed-type selective semi-permeable membrane. The anti-ultraviolet layer is made of polyester fiber material and is obtained after anti-ultraviolet treatment. It can avoid the influence of external radiation on the composite covering layer and materials during aerobic fermentation, but it does not isolate gases and moisture. The waterproof and breathable layer is made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) with micropores of about 0.2μm evenly distributed on it. It allows small molecules such as carbon dioxide and water vapor to escape, but prevents large particles such as water droplets, pathogens and dust generated during fermentation from passing through. Under forced ventilation, the fermentation process can always be maintained in a slightly positive pressure closed environment, which effectively improves oxygen utilization efficiency, reduces the emission of malodorous gases, and prolongs the duration of high temperature. The support layer is made of polyester fiber material, which is obtained after acid and alkali resistance treatment. This avoids the impact of the acid and alkali environment generated during aerobic fermentation on the composite covering layer. At the same time, it gives the composite covering layer a certain degree of spatial structural plasticity, so that it will not completely stick to the surface of the pile.

[0042] In order to make the device of the present invention more widely applicable and able to be moved to the required position as needed, in one embodiment, the bottom of the overall support 11 is provided with four universal wheels 13. The four universal wheels 13 are mainly used to support the fermentation box 1 and facilitate the movement of the overall device. The upper part of the left and right ends of the fermentation box 1 is symmetrically provided with four lifting rings 14. The four lifting rings 14 are used to lift the fermentation box 1 and move it to the selected position.

[0043] To better facilitate feeding and discharging operations, in one embodiment, the fermentation chamber 1 is constructed using stainless steel rods to form an integral support frame 11. Within the integral support frame 11, multiple horizontal, vertical, and intermediate stainless steel rods are welded together to form independent drawer-shaped spaces. The vertical stainless steel rods at the bottom of each independent drawer-shaped space form a drawer-like track structure. The outer side and bottom of the integral support frame 11 are fixedly sealed with metal plates. Figure 2 As shown in the example, Figure 2 In the overall support 11, a metal plate is installed on the left, right, rear, front and bottom sides and is welded and fixed to form an overall sealed space. The sealed space contains independent drawer-shaped spaces arranged in multiple rows and columns. A doorway is opened on the front metal plate, where two box doors 12 with a double-opening structure are provided. One end of the box door 12 is hinged to the front metal plate of the overall support 11 by a hinge 17. The other end of the box door 12 is provided with a buckle, and a limiting rod 18 is inserted in the buckle. The limiting rod 18 can move vertically. Two limiting rings are fixed at the bottom of the front metal plate. After the two box doors 12 are closed, the bottom of the limiting rod 18 can be inserted into the corresponding limiting ring, thereby closing the doorway of the front metal plate and making the overall sealing of the fermentation box 1 good. When the limiting rod 18 is lifted, the box door 12 can be opened.

[0044] To accommodate more materials, the fermentation drawer 2 includes a stainless steel base plate 21 and four stainless steel side plates. Each side of the base plate 21 is fixedly and sealed with a side plate. The stainless steel side plates are welded to the front, back, left, and right parts of the base plate 21 of the fermentation drawer 2, making the whole structure more robust and reliable. The base plate 21 has multiple holes to allow oxygen to permeate. Three pulleys 22 are provided on both sides of the base plate 21. The pulleys 22 can slide on the longitudinal stainless steel rods that serve as tracks within the independent drawer space, facilitating the removal of the fermentation drawer 2.

[0045] To achieve aerobic fermentation and facilitate controllable oxygen supply, a forced ventilation system 3 was designed. Its structure includes a forced ventilation box 31, a display controller 32, a fan, and a ventilation box door 33. The forced ventilation box 31 is fixed to the outside of the fermentation chamber 1. The display controller 32 and the fan are fixed inside the forced ventilation box 31. The display controller 32 is mainly used for real-time display of ventilation data and real-time control of ventilation rate and time. One end of the fan is connected to the display via a wire, and the other end's air outlet is fixedly connected to the bottom space of the fermentation chamber 1 via a ventilation duct. The material to be fermented in the fermentation chamber 1 is supplied with oxygen through forced ventilation. The bottom of the forced ventilation box 31 is flush with the bottom of the fermentation chamber 1 to facilitate the parallel connection between the fan outlet and the bottom space of the fermentation chamber 1, and to reduce wind resistance and ventilation pressure drop. The ventilation box door 33 is made of transparent glass near the display controller 32 so that ventilation data can be read in real time without opening the door. The ventilation box door 33 is normally in a sealed state to reduce the impact of external rain and snow on the electronic components inside the box. When the ventilation box door 33 is open, the internal electronic components can be inspected and replaced.

[0046] To further improve sealing performance, sealing gaskets 15 are provided on the top of the metal plates on the front, rear, left, and right sides of the overall support 11. The top of the outer metal plate of the enclosure cover 4 is sealed with sealing gaskets 15. Specifically, the enclosure cover 4 includes two side cover plates with a semi-elliptical cross-section, and multiple stainless steel ribs 41 with the same shape as the side cover plates are provided between the two side cover plates. The two ends of the side cover plates and the stainless steel ribs 41 are respectively welded to the front and rear two transverse stainless steel ribs. A layer of selectively permeable functional membrane 4 is covered and fixed on the side cover plates and the stainless steel ribs 41. 2. The overall structure forms a box cover 4 structure similar to an arc-shaped lid; one horizontal stainless steel rib is hinged to the top of the metal plate on the rear side of the overall support 11, and the other horizontal stainless steel rib can contact and connect with the sealing gasket 15 on the top of the metal plate on the front side of the overall support 11. The horizontal ends of the two side cover plates can respectively seal and contact the top of the metal plate on the left or right side of the overall support 11. In order to facilitate opening and closing the box cover 4, Z-shaped gas spring devices 16 are symmetrically hinged at the left and right ends of the overall support 11. The telescopic rod end of the Z-shaped gas spring device 16 is hinged to the outer side of the corresponding side cover plate. The specific structure of the Z-type gas spring device 16 is not limited. In one embodiment, a hydraulic cylinder is used. The hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the metal plate sidewalls at both ends of the overall bracket 11. The end of the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the outer side of the corresponding side cover plate. The opening and closing of the box cover 4 can be realized through hydraulic control. In other embodiments, a hydraulic cylinder, a screw and nut pair or other structures can be used to replace the hydraulic cylinder. The function of opening and closing the box cover 4 can also be realized. Thus, through the two Z-type gas spring devices 16, one end of the box cover 4 can be lifted with a small displacement and rotated to the selected position around the hinge point of the other end of the box cover 4.

[0047] The present invention also provides a drawer-type covered aerobic fermentation method, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Calculate the required number of fermentation trays 2, the volume of each fermentation tray 2, the feeding frequency, the feeding quantity, the ventilation rate, the ventilation time, and the interval time based on the amount of solid waste generated, and complete the equipment assembly.

[0049] Step 2: Mix solid manure and auxiliary expansion agent evenly according to the set ratio, adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 65%, the organic matter content to be greater than 75%, and the C / N ratio to 20. C / N is the carbon-nitrogen ratio.

[0050] Step 3: Transfer the well-mixed materials into fermentation tray 2, and then insert fermentation tray 2 into the independent tray-shaped spaces one by one;

[0051] Step 4: Close the box cover 4 and box door 12 tightly, connect the external power supply to start power supply, adjust the ventilation rate, ventilation time and interval time through the display screen of the forced ventilation system 3, start forced ventilation, and fermentation begins;

[0052] Step 5: When fermentation enters the cooling period, remove the outer fermentation tray 2 to complete the discharge operation, and gradually transfer the fermentation tray 2 in the center to the outer independent tray space. Then, insert the fermentation tray 2 containing the newly added material into the vacated independent tray space in the center.

[0053] Step six: Repeat step five until all materials have been processed.

[0054] In operation, this invention involves the fermentation of newly introduced materials in the central fermentation tray 2, generating heat. The fermenting material gradually moves from the central tray 2 to the outer trays 2, and the cooled, fermented material exits from the outer trays 2. This achieves feeding into the central tray 2 and discharging into the outer trays 2. The newly introduced material in the central tray 2 rapidly detonates and enters a heating phase under the surrounding high temperature environment, generating a large amount of heat to further maintain the high temperature in the central tray 2. Especially when the ambient temperature decreases or the temperature of the newly introduced material is low, it can rapidly heat the low-temperature material, effectively improving the activity of fermenting microorganisms, promoting rapid detonation, and accelerating the fermentation process. The rapid fermentation of newly added materials in the central fermentation tray 2 produces a large amount of malodorous gases. As these malodorous gases permeate and diffuse from the central fermentation tray 2 to the outer fermentation trays 2, they are adsorbed by the gradually decomposed materials in the outer fermentation trays 2 and undergo secondary degradation. The materials supported and loaded in the outer fermentation trays 2 form a "biofilter effect," which achieves the adsorption and secondary degradation of the malodorous gases produced by the rapid fermentation of newly added materials in the central fermentation tray 2. This achieves source reduction of malodorous gases and nitrogen recovery, solving the problems of large environmental impact and low fertilizer efficiency of box-type aerobic fermentation technology.

[0055] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A drawer-type covered aerobic fermentation device, characterized in that: include: The fermentation chamber contains multiple rows and columns of interconnected independent drawer-type spaces; Multiple fermentation trays are used to support and load the materials to be fermented, and are placed in separate independent tray-shaped spaces. The bottom of each fermentation tray is densely covered with pores. The newly introduced materials ferment and generate heat in the fermentation tray at the center position. The fermented materials gradually move from the fermentation tray at the center position to the fermentation tray at the outer position. The cooled and decomposed materials are discharged from the fermentation tray at the outer position. The materials supported and loaded in the outer fermentation trays form a biological filter effect, realizing the adsorption and secondary degradation of the malodorous gases generated by the fermentation of the newly introduced materials in the fermentation tray at the center position. A forced ventilation system is fixedly installed on one side of the fermentation chamber. It has a ventilation duct that communicates with the bottom of the fermentation chamber and can ventilate and supply oxygen to the fermentation chamber. The box cover is sealed to the top of the fermentation box, and a selectively permeable functional membrane is laid and fixed on the box cover to prevent direct communication between the inside and outside of the fermentation box. The fermentation chamber includes an integral support frame. Multiple horizontal, vertical, and intermediate stainless steel rods are welded together within the integral support frame to form independent drawer-shaped spaces. The outer side and bottom of the integral support frame are fixedly and sealed with metal plates. A sealing gasket is provided on the top of the metal plate on the outer side of the integral support frame, and the chamber lid is sealed to the top of the metal plate on the outer side of the integral support frame using the sealing gasket. The chamber lid includes two side cover plates with a semi-elliptical cross-section, and multiple stainless steel ribs of the same shape as the side cover plates are provided between the two side cover plates. Both ends of the side cover plates and stainless steel ribs are welded to two horizontal stainless steel reinforcing bars at the front and rear, respectively. A layer of selectively permeable functional membrane is covered and fixed on the side cover plates and stainless steel ribs. By feeding material into the central fermentation tray and discharging material into the outer fermentation trays, the newly introduced material ferments and generates heat in the central fermentation tray, the fermented material gradually moves from the central fermentation tray to the outer fermentation trays, and the cooled and decomposed material is discharged from the outer fermentation trays. This achieves material circulation from the inside out and heat concentration at the center. When material is fed from the central fermentation tray, the newly introduced initial material can be rapidly heated, which can improve the activity of fermenting microorganisms, promote rapid explosion, and accelerate the fermentation process.

2. The drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two doors with a split structure are provided on the metal plate on one side of the fermentation box. One end of each door is hinged to the metal plate on one side of the overall support, and the other end is provided with a limiting rod that can move vertically. Two limiting rings are fixedly provided at the bottom of the metal plate of the overall support with the doors. After the doors are closed, the bottom of the limiting rod can be inserted into the corresponding limiting ring.

3. The drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation drawer includes a base plate and four side plates. Each side of the base plate is fixedly and sealed to one of the side plates, and the base plate has multiple holes.

4. The drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The base plate is symmetrically provided with pulleys on both sides, and the pulleys are slidably positioned within the independent drawer-shaped space.

5. The drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forced ventilation system includes a forced ventilation box, a display controller, a fan, and a ventilation box door. The forced ventilation box is fixed to the outside of the fermentation chamber. The display controller and the fan are fixed inside the forced ventilation box. One end of the display controller is electrically connected to an external power source, and the other end is electrically connected to the fan. The display controller is used for real-time display of ventilation data and real-time control of ventilation rate and ventilation time. The air outlet of the fan is fixedly connected to the bottom of the chamber via a ventilation duct. The ventilation box door is hinged to the outside of the forced ventilation box. The bottom end of the forced ventilation box is flush with the bottom end of the fermentation chamber. The part of the ventilation box door near the display controller is made of transparent glass.

6. The drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation tank is equipped with multiple casters at the bottom and multiple lifting rings at the top.

7. The drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the transverse stainless steel ribs is hinged to the top of the metal plate on one side of the overall support; Z-shaped gas spring devices are symmetrically hinged at both ends of the overall support, and the end of the telescopic rod of the Z-shaped gas spring device is hinged to the outer side of the corresponding side cover plate.

8. The drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The selectively permeable functional membrane includes a waterproof and breathable layer made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene with 0.2 μm micropores evenly distributed on it, which allows small molecule gases to escape and prevents large particles generated during fermentation from passing through.

9. A method for aerobic fermentation with a membrane covering based on the aerobic fermentation equipment with a membrane covering according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Calculate the required number of fermentation trays, the volume of each fermentation tray, the feeding frequency, the feeding quantity, the ventilation rate, the ventilation time, and the interval time based on the amount of solid waste generated, and complete the equipment assembly. Step 2: Mix solid manure and auxiliary expansion agent evenly according to the set ratio, and adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 65%, the organic matter content to be greater than 75%, and the C / N ratio to 20. Step 3: Transfer the well-mixed materials into the fermentation trays, and then insert the fermentation trays into the individual tray-shaped spaces one by one; Step 4: Close the lid and door of the container tightly, connect the external power supply to start powering on, and adjust the ventilation rate, ventilation time and interval time through the display screen of the forced ventilation system to start forced ventilation and fermentation. Step 5: When fermentation enters the cooling period, remove the outer fermentation trays to complete the discharge operation, gradually move the fermentation tray in the center to the outer independent tray space, and then insert the fermentation tray loaded with the new material into the vacated independent tray space in the center. Step six: Repeat step five until all materials have been processed.

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