Three-dimensional self-resetting seismic mitigation and isolation bridge support and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic mitigation and isolation bridge support and a working method thereof. The three-dimensional self-resetting seismic mitigation and isolation bridge support comprises an upper support plate and a lower support plate, the center sliding block is arranged between the upper support plate and the lower support plate, one end of the center sliding block abuts against the bottom end of the upper support plate, and the end, away from the upper support plate, of the center sliding block abuts against the lower support plate; the center sliding block is used for reducing vibration of the bridge structure in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The self-resetting unit is arranged between the upper support plate and the lower support plate, one end of the self-resetting unit is connected with the bottom end of the upper support plate, and the end, away from the upper support plate, of the self-resetting unit is connected with the top end of the lower support plate; and the self-resetting unit is used for post-earthquake resetting of the bridge structure. The shock absorption and isolation function can be provided in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction at the same time, the impact of an earthquake on a bridge structure is effectively reduced, and corresponding response and adjustment can be conducted according to the earthquake action of different levels; the problem that a traditional support is insufficient in self-adaptive capacity is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of bridge engineering, and in particular to a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge support and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a major lifeline project, once a bridge is interrupted due to earthquake damage, it will seriously affect social production and life practices such as earthquake relief and material transportation. Seismic isolation technology is currently one of the main means to improve the seismic performance of bridges. It reduces the seismic response of the structure by extending the natural vibration period of the structure. Sliding friction isolation devices have been widely used in building structures and bridge structures due to their excellent stability, durability and self-reset characteristics. Friction pendulum bearings are currently a widely used seismic isolation technology that reduces the impact of earthquakes on bridge structures by utilizing the swing principle and friction energy dissipation. The advantages of this type of bearing are simple structure, good energy dissipation effect, and can adapt to different earthquake intensities within a certain range. Although traditional seismic isolation bearings such as friction pendulum bearings have been widely used in bridge seismic isolation at home and abroad, traditional seismic isolation bearings still have problems such as large residual displacement, high bottom shear force and insufficient limiting capacity under the action of ground motion. At the same time, since friction pendulum bearings mainly play a role in the horizontal direction, they are obviously insufficient in vertical seismic isolation and self-reset capabilities. With the development of social economy, scholars from various countries have gradually realized the importance of residual displacement and functional recovery after earthquakes as seismic design indicators. As the main concept and goal of bridge resilience earthquake resistance at this stage, effectively controlling the earthquake damage of bridge structures, reducing or even eliminating residual displacements, shortening the time for functional recovery after earthquake damage, and improving the recoverable resilience of bridges after strong earthquakes have gradually become the focus of new-generation structural earthquake resistance research. Realizing the self-reset of bridge supports is one of the main ways to achieve functional recovery.

[0003] Existing bridge seismic isolation bearing technology is usually only designed for horizontal or vertical seismic isolation needs, and cannot provide seismic isolation functions in three-dimensional space at the same time. This single-direction seismic isolation design cannot effectively cope with multi-dimensional vibrations in complex seismic environments, resulting in serious damage to bridges under strong earthquakes. At the same time, existing bridge seismic isolation bearings cannot automatically return to their original positions after an earthquake. Especially under strong earthquakes, these bearings may produce large residual displacements, causing permanent deformation of the bridge structure, which not only affects the use function, but may also affect the rapid recovery of the bridge after the earthquake, increasing the subsequent maintenance costs. Most of the current bridge seismic isolation bearing technologies are independently designed, lacking the organic combination of different seismic isolation and self-reset technologies. This decentralized design results in weak overall performance of the bearing system and is unable to provide comprehensive protection under complex earthquake conditions.

[0004] Therefore, designing a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing has become an urgent problem to be solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing and a working method thereof, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing, comprising an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate;

[0008] A central slider is arranged between the upper support plate and the lower support plate, one end of the central slider abuts against the bottom end of the upper support plate, and the end of the central slider away from the upper support plate abuts against the lower support plate; the central slider is used to reduce the vibration of the bridge structure in the horizontal and vertical directions;

[0009] There are four groups of self-resetting units, which are arranged around the central slider, and the axis of the self-resetting unit is perpendicular to the axis of the central slider; one end of the self-resetting unit is connected to the bottom end of the upper support plate, and the end of the self-resetting unit away from the upper support plate is connected to the top end of the lower support plate; the self-resetting unit is used for post-earthquake reset of the bridge structure.

[0010] In some specific embodiments, a first central sliding area is provided at one end of the upper support plate adjacent to the central sliding block; a second central sliding area is provided at one end of the lower support plate adjacent to the central sliding block;

[0011] A first convex surface is provided in the first central sliding area;

[0012] A second convex surface is provided in the second central sliding area;

[0013] The first convex curved surface and the second convex curved surface are coated with a sliding friction coating.

[0014] In some specific embodiments, the central slider includes: an upper spherical crown, a top end of the upper spherical crown is provided with a first concave surface, the first concave surface abuts against the first convex surface;

[0015] A first groove is formed at one end of the upper spherical crown away from the first concave surface;

[0016] A lower spherical crown body, wherein the bottom end of the lower spherical crown body is provided with a second concave curved surface, and the second concave curved surface abuts against the second convex curved surface;

[0017] A second groove is formed at one end of the lower spherical crown away from the second convex surface;

[0018] One end of the lower spherical cap body away from the second convex surface is arranged in the first groove of the upper spherical cap body.

[0019] In some specific embodiments, the central slider further includes:

[0020] The central guide cylinder is arranged in the first groove of the upper spherical crown body, and the top end of the central guide cylinder abuts against the top wall of the first groove; the end of the central guide cylinder away from the upper spherical crown body extends to the second groove of the lower spherical crown body;

[0021] The disc spring group surrounds the outer wall of the central guide cylinder.

[0022] In some specific embodiments, the self-resetting unit includes:

[0023] The support hinge seat is multiple;

[0024] The first support hinge seat, the second support hinge seat, the third support hinge seat and the fourth support hinge seat are arranged at one end of the upper support plate adjacent to the central guide cylinder and are fixedly connected to the upper support plate; the first support hinge seat, the second support hinge seat, the third support hinge seat and the fourth support hinge seat are arranged in a parallelogram;

[0025] The first support hinge seat, the second support hinge seat, the third support hinge seat and the fourth support hinge seat are provided with pin holes at one end away from the upper support plate;

[0026] The fifth support hinge seat, the sixth support hinge seat, the seventh support hinge seat and the eighth support hinge seat are arranged at one end of the lower support plate adjacent to the central guide cylinder and are fixedly connected to the lower support plate; the fifth support hinge seat, the sixth support hinge seat, the seventh support hinge seat and the eighth support hinge seat are arranged in a parallelogram;

[0027] The fifth support hinge seat, the sixth support hinge seat, the seventh support hinge seat and the eighth support hinge seat are provided with pin holes at one end away from the lower support plate.

[0028] In some specific embodiments, the self-resetting unit further includes:

[0029] There are multiple friction components, which are arranged between the upper support plate and the lower support plate; one end of the first friction component is connected to the first support hinge seat, and the end away from the first support hinge seat is connected to the fifth support hinge seat;

[0030] One end of the second friction assembly is connected to the second support hinge seat, and one end away from the second support hinge seat is connected to the sixth support hinge seat;

[0031] One end of the third friction assembly is connected to the third support hinge seat, and one end away from the third support hinge seat is connected to the seventh support hinge seat;

[0032] One end of the fourth friction assembly is connected to the fourth support hinge seat, and the end away from the fourth support hinge seat is connected to the eighth support hinge seat.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the friction assembly includes:

[0034] The inner core is multiple and spindle-shaped; a connecting ear is provided at one end of the inner core, and a connecting hole matching the pin hole is provided on the connecting ear;

[0035] One end of the inner core with the connection hole is connected to one end of the support hinge seat with the pin hole;

[0036] A central sleeve is arranged between the first inner core and the second inner core, one end of the central sleeve is sleeved on the end of the first inner core away from the connecting ear, and the other end away from the first inner core is sleeved on the end of the second inner core away from the connecting ear;

[0037] A groove is provided on one side of the central sleeve adjacent to the inner core, and the shape of the groove corresponds to the shape of the inner core; the axis of the central sleeve is the same as the axis of the inner core;

[0038] The grooved inner surface of the center sleeve and the outer surface of the inner core are coated with sliding friction coating;

[0039] There are multiple end plates, which are arranged between the connecting ear and the inner core, one end of which is fixedly connected to the connecting ear, and the other end away from the connecting ear is fixedly connected to the end of the inner core away from the center sleeve.

[0040] In some specific embodiments, the self-resetting unit further includes:

[0041] The outer sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the central sleeve along the length direction of the central sleeve and is used to provide pre-pressure for the central sleeve.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, the outer sleeve is made of a shape memory alloy;

[0043] The sliding friction coating is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyetherketone or polyimide or polycarbonate.

[0044] A working method of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing based on the same concept includes the following steps:

[0045] S100, firstly, all components of the support are accurately installed according to a predetermined sequence and combination;

[0046] S200, after completing the installation of step S100, check the entire system to ensure that the connections between the components are tight, there is no obstruction in the sliding area, and the preload force of the disc spring assembly and the outer sleeve meets the design requirements;

[0047] S300, put into use, fix the upper bearing plate to the upper structure of the bridge, and fix the lower bearing plate to the foundation at the bottom of the bridge; when the bridge vibrates, the horizontal displacement of the bridge causes the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate to have relative displacement, the first convex surface of the upper bearing plate and the first concave surface contact surface of the upper spherical crown body slide relative to each other, and the second convex surface of the lower bearing plate and the second concave surface contact surface of the lower spherical crown body slide relative to each other, thereby generating friction to dissipate earthquake energy;

[0048] S400, self-resetting unit for consuming energy in the horizontal direction: the spindle-shaped inner core slides along the inside of the central sleeve, and the friction between the inner core and the central sleeve dissipates part of the energy; at the same time, the outer sleeve of the outer layer is radially squeezed and deformed; and the superelastic effect or self-recovery property of the shape memory alloy squeezes the inner core, generates a self-resetting restoring force, and prompts the inner core to return to the initial position, completing the self-resetting function in the horizontal direction;

[0049] S500, disc spring group shock absorption and reset: under the action of vertical load and seismic load, the disc spring group absorbs and dissipates seismic energy through elastic compression deformation, playing the role of seismic reduction and isolation; when the seismic load disappears, the disc spring group automatically restores its original state using its stored elastic energy to achieve self-reset in the vertical direction;

[0050] S600, collaborative work of shock absorption and self-reset: the horizontal friction pendulum reduces the seismic response through the negative stiffness effect, the self-reset unit provides the horizontal self-reset function, and the vertical disc spring group ensures vertical shock absorption and reset; the system as a whole forms a comprehensive control of the multi-dimensional response of earthquakes through the combined action of various structures.

[0051] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention discloses a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing, comprising an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate; a central slider, which is arranged between the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate, one end of the central slider is abutted against the bottom end of the upper bearing plate, and the end of the central slider away from the upper bearing plate is abutted against the lower bearing plate; the central slider is used to reduce the horizontal and vertical vibrations of the bridge structure; a self-resetting unit is arranged between the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate, one end of the self-resetting unit is connected to the bottom end of the upper bearing plate, and the end of the self-resetting unit away from the upper bearing plate is connected to the top end of the lower bearing plate; the self-resetting unit is used for post-earthquake reset of the bridge structure.

[0052] The present invention can provide seismic isolation functions in both horizontal and vertical directions, effectively reduce the impact of earthquakes on bridge structures, and protect the overall stability of the bridge. It solves the problem that traditional bridge seismic isolation bearings can usually only provide seismic isolation capabilities in a single direction and cannot fully cope with complex earthquake effects.

[0053] The present invention provides self-restoring force through shape memory alloy and disc spring device, and has excellent self-restoring ability after earthquake. It can automatically restore to the initial state in both horizontal and vertical directions, ensuring the continuous use performance and safety of the bridge, and solving the defect that traditional seismic isolation bearings are difficult to restore to their original position after an earthquake and need manual repair.

[0054] The present invention has excellent adaptive capabilities, and can respond and adjust accordingly according to different levels of earthquakes, and achieve reasonable defense under multiple levels of earthquakes. This adaptive feature can not only improve the seismic performance of the bridge, but also make it more cost-effective and structurally safe, solving the problem that traditional bearings have insufficient adaptive capabilities and cannot effectively respond to earthquakes of different intensities, and significantly improving the safety of bridges under different earthquake defense targets. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 It is a front view of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 It is a left view of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of an upper bearing plate of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a lower bearing plate of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 7 It is a top view of a lower bearing plate of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a middle slider of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing of the present invention;

[0063] Fig. 9 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a middle slider of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing according to the present invention;

[0064] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of a self-resetting unit of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing according to the present invention;

[0065] Fig.11 It is a schematic structural cross-sectional view of a self-resetting unit of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing according to the present invention;

[0066] Fig.12 This is a working diagram of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing of the present invention;

[0067] Fig.13 ABAQUS low-cycle reciprocating simulation results for ordinary friction pendulum support;

[0068] Fig.14 ABAQUS low-cycle reciprocating simulation result diagram of the three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing of the present invention.

[0069] In the attached drawings, 1. upper bearing plate; 11. first central sliding area; 2. lower bearing plate; 21. second central sliding area; 3. upper spherical crown; 4. lower spherical crown; 5. disc spring assembly; 6. center guide cylinder; 7. self-resetting unit; 71. inner core; 72. center sleeve; 73. outer sleeve; 74. high-strength bolt; 75. end plate; 76. connecting ear; 81. first bearing hinge seat; 82. second bearing hinge seat; 83. third bearing hinge seat; 84. fourth bearing hinge seat; 85. fifth bearing hinge seat; 86. sixth bearing hinge seat; 87. seventh bearing hinge seat; 88. eighth bearing hinge seat; 9. pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0071] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 , Fig.13 and Fig.14 A three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing shown in the figure includes an upper bearing plate 1 and a lower bearing plate 2. A central slider is arranged between the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 2, one end of the central slider abuts against the bottom end of the upper bearing plate, and the end of the central slider away from the upper bearing plate abuts against the lower bearing plate 2. The central slider is used to reduce the vibration of the bridge structure in the horizontal and vertical directions. There are four groups of self-resetting units 7, which are arranged around the central slider, and the axis of the self-resetting unit 7 is perpendicular to the axis of the central slider. One end of the self-resetting unit 7 is connected to the bottom end of the upper bearing plate, and the end of the self-resetting unit 7 away from the upper bearing plate 1 is connected to the top of the lower bearing plate 2. The self-resetting unit 7 is used for post-earthquake reset of the bridge structure. It should be noted here that the central slider is arranged vertically, and the axes of the self-resetting units are arranged horizontally and are perpendicular to each other.

[0072] In this embodiment, the invention integrates a horizontal friction pendulum energy dissipation seismic isolation unit based on the negative stiffness principle, a self-resetting unit based on horizontal energy dissipation of shape memory alloy, and a vertical disc spring self-resetting seismic isolation unit, providing all-round seismic isolation and self-resetting functions. The upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 2 of the invention are respectively connected to the superstructure and foundation of the bridge, and are responsible for bearing and transmitting the vertical load of the bridge. These upper support plates 1 and lower support plates are made of high-strength steel and have sufficient rigidity and strength to support the weight and traffic load of the bridge, and effectively disperse stress concentration areas. Under the action of an earthquake, the seismic isolation function is achieved by relying on the horizontal lateral swing and friction of the entire friction pendulum unit.

[0073] In some specific embodiments, a first central sliding area 11 is disposed at one end of the upper support plate 1 adjacent to the central slider, and a second central sliding area 21 is disposed at one end of the lower support plate 2 adjacent to the central slider.

[0074] A first convex surface is provided in the first central sliding area 11. A second convex surface is provided in the second central sliding area 21. The first convex surface and the second convex surface are coated with a sliding friction coating. It should be noted that the sliding friction coating used here can be polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0075] In some specific embodiments, the central slider includes an upper spherical crown body 3, the top of which is provided with a first concave surface, which abuts against the first convex surface. A first groove is provided at one end of the upper spherical crown body 3 away from the first concave surface. A lower spherical crown body 4, the bottom of which is provided with a second concave surface, which abuts against the second convex surface. A second groove is provided at one end of the lower spherical crown body 4 away from the second convex surface. One end of the lower spherical crown body 4 away from the second convex surface is provided in the first groove of the upper spherical crown body 3.

[0076] In this embodiment, the first concave surface of the upper spherical crown 3 and the second concave surface of the lower spherical crown 4 are coated with polytetrafluoroethylene sliding friction material. Through the horizontal sliding friction between the surface contact surfaces of the upper support plate 1 and the upper spherical crown 3 and the lower support plate 2 and the lower spherical crown 4, energy is dissipated and a negative stiffness effect is provided, thereby reducing the seismic response of the bridge.

[0077] Friction energy dissipation principle: Under the action of an earthquake, the horizontal displacement of the bridge causes the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 2 to produce relative displacement. It should be noted that the convex surfaces of the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 2 and the concave surfaces of the upper spherical crown 3 and the lower spherical crown 4 produce relative sliding contact surfaces. The contact surfaces are coated with polytetrafluoroethylene sliding friction material. This low-friction material reduces sliding resistance, but still provides sufficient friction to dissipate earthquake energy. The magnitude of the friction force is proportional to the earthquake force, and can effectively dissipate the energy transmitted to the bridge by the earthquake.

[0078] Negative stiffness effect: The friction pendulum bearing design achieves negative stiffness effect through a specific curved surface shape, that is, it provides less stiffness in the initial movement stage, allowing the structure to undergo large displacements without generating significant reaction forces, thereby reducing the structural response of the bridge under horizontal seismic loads. Under the action of large earthquakes, especially near-fault earthquakes, the seismic response of the bridge structure can also be significantly reduced, solving the problem of excessive internal force response of traditional bearings under large earthquakes, and ensuring the safety of the bridge structure under different earthquake requirements.

[0079] In some specific embodiments, the central slider further includes a central guide cylinder 6, which is disposed in the first groove of the upper spherical crown body 3, and the top of the central guide cylinder 6 abuts against the top wall of the first groove. The end of the central guide cylinder 6 away from the upper spherical crown body 3 extends to the second groove of the lower spherical crown body 4. The disc spring group 5 surrounds the outer wall of the central guide cylinder 6.

[0080] In this embodiment, through the elastic guiding cooperation setting, the center guide cylinder 6 is set inside the upper spherical crown body 3, and the disc spring group 5 can be installed in the groove of the center slider spherical crown body through different combinations. It is positioned by the center guide cylinder 6. Through its unique laminated structure, it can provide effective elastic support under the action of vertical load, and a compression space is reserved between the lower end of the center guide cylinder 6 and the bottom of the groove of the lower spherical crown body 4, so that the support has a certain deformation ability in the vertical direction. Through the characteristics of the disc spring, the support can play a role of vertical seismic reduction when subjected to vertical earthquake action, and realize the self-reset of the support in the vertical direction through its elastic restoring force after the earthquake.

[0081] It should be noted here that the disc spring group 5 can adopt different combination forms. Through different combination forms, different stiffness and elastic recovery force can be achieved, and the deformation capacity and bearing capacity of the bearing can be effectively adjusted to meet the seismic isolation and self-reset requirements of the bridge bearing under various seismic load conditions.

[0082] The combination groups of disc spring group 5 mainly include the following three situations:

[0083] (1) Composite combination (parallel): A composite combination refers to multiple disc springs stacked directly together with no spacing between them. This combination is the same as a single disc spring in terms of deformation. All disc springs deform simultaneously and the deformation amount is the same. Therefore, the total deformation of the composite combination is equal to the deformation of a single disc spring and does not change with the increase in the number of disc springs. In the composite combination, the force bearing capacity is equal to the bearing capacity of a single disc spring multiplied by the number of disc springs. Each disc spring bears part of the total load at the same time, and the overall force bearing capacity is enhanced. This combination method increases the overall stiffness of the system and is suitable for seismic isolation needs under high load environments.

[0084] (2) Opposite combination (series): The opposite combination is to arrange the disc springs face to face with some spacing between them. This arrangement makes the total deformation equal to the deformation of a single disc spring multiplied by the number of disc springs, because the deformation of each disc spring can be accumulated in sequence. This form can significantly increase the total deformation of the support and improve the flexibility of the system. For the opposite combination, the force capacity is the same as that of a single disc spring, because the force of each disc spring is transmitted in sequence, and the overall stiffness will not increase significantly with the increase in the number of disc springs. This combination is suitable for occasions where a large deformation is required without a significant increase in the load-bearing capacity.

[0085] (3) Mixed combination (overlapping + matching): The mixed combination combines the advantages of overlapping and matching. In this combination, the disc springs are first arranged into groups in a stacked form, and then these groups are arranged in a matching form. The total deformation is equal to the deformation of a single disc spring multiplied by the number of disc springs in the matching, that is, the overlapping deformation of each group remains unchanged, but the deformations between groups in each matching combination are superimposed. The force characteristics of the mixed combination are expressed as the bearing capacity of a single disc spring multiplied by the number of overlapping disc springs in each group, because in each overlapping group, the disc springs are loaded in parallel. Therefore, the overall force capacity increases with the increase in the number of overlapping disc springs, while the total deformation is determined by the number of matching. The mixed combination provides a more flexible design method, which can increase the deformation while enhancing the bearing capacity. It is a combination form with excellent comprehensive performance.

[0086] Working principle of spring group:

[0087] Elastic deformation and energy absorption: Under the action of earthquake load, the disc spring group 5 absorbs and dissipates earthquake energy through elastic deformation. When combined in parallel, multiple disc springs are compressed at the same time, which can quickly respond to large load impacts; when combined in series, the disc springs gradually deform, extending the energy dissipation path, thereby providing a continuous shock absorption effect.

[0088] ·Self-reset function: When the earthquake load disappears, the disc spring group 5 uses its stored elastic potential energy to achieve self-reset. The disc springs in parallel combination can quickly restore the initial state of the support due to their high stiffness; the disc springs in series combination provide a large elastic displacement, which is suitable for slow reset after a large deformation. The mixed disc spring combination can balance these two effects and adjust the reset speed and reset force according to actual needs.

[0089] Durability and stability: The combination of disc springs can achieve high durability and long-term stability through reasonable design. Disc springs have excellent elasticity and fatigue properties and can withstand dynamic loads for a long time without failure. The mixed combination can avoid the situation where a single disc spring is subjected to excessive force and premature failure, and extend the service life of the entire support system.

[0090] By rationally designing the combination of disc springs, the three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing system of the present invention can provide effective vertical seismic isolation and self-resetting functions under different earthquake intensities and complex load conditions, ensuring the stability and service life of the bridge in earthquakes.

[0091] In some specific embodiments, the self-resetting unit 7 includes a plurality of support hinge seats. The first support hinge seat 81, the second support hinge seat 82, the third support hinge seat 83 and the fourth support hinge seat 84 are arranged at one end of the upper support plate 1 adjacent to the center guide cylinder 6 and are fixedly connected to the upper support plate 1. The first support hinge seat 81, the second support hinge seat 82, the third support hinge seat 83 and the fourth support hinge seat 84 are arranged in a parallelogram shape. The first support hinge seat 81, the second support hinge seat 82, the third support hinge seat 83 and the fourth support hinge seat 84 are provided with a pin hole at one end away from the upper support plate 1. The fifth support hinge seat 85, the sixth support hinge seat 86, the seventh support hinge seat 87 and the eighth support hinge seat 88 are arranged at one end of the lower support plate 2 adjacent to the center guide cylinder and are fixedly connected to the lower support plate 2. The fifth support hinge seat 85, the sixth support hinge seat 86, the seventh support hinge seat 87 and the eighth support hinge seat 88 are arranged in a parallelogram. The fifth support hinge seat 85, the sixth support hinge seat 86, the seventh support hinge seat 87 and the eighth support hinge seat 88 are provided with a pin hole at one end away from the lower support plate 2. In some specific embodiments, the self-resetting unit 7 also includes a friction assembly, which is multiple and is arranged between the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 2. One end of the first friction assembly is connected to the first support hinge seat 81, and the end away from the first support hinge seat 81 is connected to the fifth support hinge seat 85. One end of the second friction assembly is connected to the second support hinge seat 82, and the end away from the second support hinge seat 82 is connected to the sixth support hinge seat 86. One end of the third friction assembly is connected to the third support hinge seat 83, and the end away from the third support hinge seat 83 is connected to the seventh support hinge seat 87. One end of the fourth friction assembly is connected to the fourth support hinge seat 84, and the other end away from the fourth support hinge seat 84 is connected to the eighth support hinge seat 88. It should be noted that the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 2 are arranged in parallel.

[0092] In this embodiment, the superelastic property of the shape memory alloy: Shape memory alloy (SMA) has superelastic properties, that is, it can completely recover its original shape under large strain. This property is due to the martensitic phase transformation of SMA under the action of external force, and when the external force disappears, it returns to the austenitic phase. This process can absorb and release a large amount of mechanical energy, providing the required self-restoring force.

[0093] Friction and self-reset coordination: Under the action of an earthquake, the spindle-shaped inner core 71 slides along the inside of the central sleeve 72, and the friction between the spindle and the central sleeve 72 dissipates part of the energy. At the same time, due to the change in the gap between the inner core 71 and the quarter-circular central sleeve of the sleeve, the outer sleeve 73 of the outer layer will be radially squeezed and deformed. This deformation provides a reaction force through the superelasticity of SMA, prompting the spindle-shaped inner core 71 to return to the initial position and complete the self-reset function in the horizontal direction. The whole process not only consumes energy to reduce the horizontal response of the bridge, but also uses the self-reset characteristics of SMA to restore the initial state of the system.

[0094] In some specific embodiments, the friction assembly includes an inner core 71, which is a plurality of inner cores in the shape of a spindle. A connecting ear 76 is provided at one end of the inner core 71, and a connecting hole matching the pin hole is provided on the connecting ear 76. The end of the inner core 71 with the connecting hole is connected to the end of the support hinge seat with the pin hole. The center sleeve 72 is provided between the first inner core 71 and the second inner core 71, and one end of the center sleeve 72 is sleeved on the end of the first inner core 71 away from the connecting ear 76, and the end away from the first inner core 71 is sleeved on the end of the second inner core 71 away from the connecting ear 76. A groove is provided on one side of the center sleeve 72 adjacent to the inner core 71, and the shape of the groove corresponds to the shape of the inner core 71. The axis of the center sleeve 72 is the same as the axis of the inner core 71. The inner surface of the groove of the center sleeve 72 and the outer surface of the inner core 71 are both coated with a sliding friction coating. The end plates 75 are multiple and are arranged between the connecting ear 76 and the inner core 71, one end of which is fixedly connected to the connecting ear 76, and the other end away from the connecting ear 76 is fixedly connected to the other end of the inner core 71 away from the center sleeve 72. The self-resetting unit 7 also includes a pin 9, and it should be noted that the pin hole of the support hinge seat and the connecting ear 76 of the inner core 71 are fixedly connected together through the pin 9.

[0095] In this embodiment, the support is provided with a self-resetting unit 7 based on shape memory alloy energy dissipation in the horizontal direction, including a friction component and a self-resetting component, which mainly includes an inner core 71, a center sleeve 72 and an outer sleeve 73. The friction component is composed of a spindle-shaped inner core 71 and a center sleeve 72, which can provide the support with additional energy dissipation capacity under earthquake action through friction energy dissipation. The axial horizontal center sleeve 72 is composed of four center sleeves 72 with a quarter-circular cross-section on the outer surface. The four quarter-circular center sleeves 72 are in smooth contact with each other and can be separated freely. The inner surface of the center sleeve 72 is grooved, and the groove shape corresponds to the spindle-shaped inner core 71. The spindle-shaped inner core 71 is coaxial with the overall center sleeve 72. The inner surface of the center sleeve 72 and the outer surface of the spindle-shaped inner core 71 are coated with Polytetrafluoroethylene sliding friction material, a pair of spindle-shaped inner cores 71 are arranged on the left and right, and a cylindrical gap of a certain length is left inside the central sleeve 72 for the left and right spindle-shaped inner cores 71. The spindle-shaped inner cores 71 extend out of the ends of the central sleeve 72 and are connected to the end plates 75. The end plates 75 on both sides of the left and right spindle inner cores 71 are provided with connecting hinge structures, so that the horizontally arranged shape memory alloy energy-absorbing self-resetting units 7 are respectively hingedly connected to the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 2 through hinges. This design allows the support to undergo moderate displacement and rotation under the action of earthquakes or other lateral loads.

[0096] In some specific embodiments, the self-resetting unit 7 further includes an outer sleeve 73 which is sleeved on the outer side of the central sleeve 72 along the length direction of the central sleeve 72 to provide pre-pressure for the central sleeve 72 .

[0097] In some specific embodiments, the outer sleeve 73 is made of shape memory alloy. The sliding friction coating is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyether ketone, polyimide or polycarbonate.

[0098] In this embodiment, the self-resetting assembly includes an outer sleeve 73, which is arranged along the entire axial length of the center sleeve 72. An opening is set at the end of the outer sleeve 73 and is connected by a high-strength bolt 74. The outer sleeve 73 is formed by connecting two arc-shaped half-cylinders. The two arc-shaped half-cylinders have openings in the length direction of the body, and then the high-strength bolts 74 are passed through the openings of the two arc-shaped half-cylinders to connect the half-cylinders together. During this assembly, the outer sleeve 73 provides preload for the center sleeve by applying a preload force. Under the action of an earthquake, as the displacement of the upper support plate 1 increases, the left and right spindle-shaped inner cores 71 are driven to produce a relative displacement in the horizontal direction. The spindle-shaped inner core 71 produces friction sliding along the contact inclined surface of the center sleeve. The spindle-shaped inner core 71 produces a radial extrusion effect on the center sleeve in four directions at the same time, so that the gap between the four center sleeves increases, and the outermost shape memory alloy sleeve is squeezed to produce radial deformation. The superelastic properties of the shape memory alloy provide the required radial restoring force, thereby driving the spindle-shaped inner core 71 to achieve self-reset in the horizontal direction.

[0099] A working method of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing based on the same concept includes the following steps:

[0100] S100, firstly, all components of the support are accurately installed according to a predetermined sequence and combination.

[0101] In this embodiment, the assembly process of the three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing system involved is as follows: First, a central guide cylinder 6 is set inside the upper spherical crown 3, and the disc spring group 5 is installed in the slot of the spherical crown according to the design requirements. The laminated structure of the disc spring group 5 needs to be installed in a predetermined order and combination to ensure that it can provide sufficient elastic support. After the installation is completed, check whether the positioning of the central guide cylinder 6 is accurate and whether the laminated structure of the disc spring group 5 is complete. The upper spherical crown 3 and the lower spherical crown 4 are installed to the corresponding positions of the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 2 respectively. During the installation process, ensure that the concave curved surfaces of the spherical crowns face each other, and coat the surfaces with polytetrafluoroethylene sliding friction material. After the installation is completed, check whether the fit between the spherical crown and the support plate is tight. The spindle-shaped inner core 71, the center sleeve 72 and the outer sleeve are assembled in sequence. First, insert the spindle-shaped inner core 71 into the center sleeve 72, and ensure that it is coaxially aligned with the center sleeve 72, and the inner and outer surfaces are coated with polytetrafluoroethylene sliding friction material. Subsequently, the outer sleeve is arranged along the entire axial length of the central sleeve 72, an opening is set at the end, and it is fixed with a high-strength bolt 74. Apply appropriate preload to ensure that the entire structure is tightly combined. After assembling the self-reset unit 7 for horizontal energy dissipation, the two side ends of the spindle-shaped inner core 71 are connected to the hinge structure of the support hinge seat of the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 2 through the connecting ears 76 on the end plate 75. At this time, ensure that the hinge structure can rotate freely, check the tightness of the connection, and ensure that there is no looseness. After completing the above steps, check the entire system to ensure that the connection between the components is tight, the sliding area is unobstructed, and the preload of the disc spring group 5 and the outer sleeve 73 meets the design requirements. Finally, carry out necessary debugging and fine-tuning to ensure that the support system can work normally. The entire assembly process needs to be fully prefabricated and tested in the factory, and the installation accuracy of all components must be ensured during on-site assembly to achieve the expected shock isolation and self-reset effects.

[0102] S200, after completing the installation of step S100, perform a full system inspection to ensure that the connections between the components are tight, the sliding area is unobstructed, and the preload force of the disc spring assembly 5 and the outer sleeve 73 meets the design requirements;

[0103] S300, put into use, fix the upper bearing plate 1 to the upper structure of the bridge, and fix the lower bearing plate 2 to the foundation at the bottom of the bridge; when the bridge vibrates, the horizontal displacement of the bridge causes the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 2 to produce relative displacement, the first convex surface of the upper bearing plate 1 and the first concave surface of the upper spherical crown body 3 to produce relative sliding contact surface, and the second convex surface of the lower bearing plate 2 and the second concave surface of the lower spherical crown body 4 to produce relative sliding contact surface, thereby generating friction to dissipate earthquake energy;

[0104] S400, self-resetting unit 7 for horizontal energy consumption: the spindle-shaped inner core 71 slides along the inside of the central sleeve 72, and the friction between the inner core 71 and the central sleeve 72 dissipates part of the energy; at the same time, the outer sleeve 73 of the outer layer is radially squeezed and deformed; and the superelastic effect or self-restoring property of the shape memory alloy squeezes the inner core, generates a self-restoring force, and prompts the inner core 71 to return to the initial position, completing the self-resetting function in the horizontal direction;

[0105] S500, disc spring group shock absorption and reset: under the action of vertical load and seismic load, the disc spring group 5 absorbs and dissipates seismic energy through elastic compression deformation, thereby playing the role of seismic reduction and isolation; when the seismic load disappears, the disc spring group 5 automatically restores its original state using its stored elastic energy, thereby achieving self-reset in the vertical direction.

[0106] In this embodiment, the principle of elastic reset and seismic isolation is as follows: the disc spring group 5 utilizes the linear elastic deformation characteristics of the spring. Under the action of vertical load and seismic load, the disc spring group 5 absorbs and dissipates seismic energy through elastic compression deformation, thereby playing the role of seismic isolation. When combined in parallel, multiple disc springs are compressed at the same time, which can quickly respond to large load impacts; when combined in series, the disc springs are gradually deformed, extending the energy dissipation path, thereby providing a continuous shock absorption effect. The mixed combination method can customize the stiffness curve of the disc spring group 5 by adjusting the number of disc springs in parallel and series, the thickness of the spring leaf, the diameter and other parameters to achieve the optimal shock absorption effect for seismic loads. This combination can effectively control the response of the system under different earthquake intensities, and can withstand high-intensity loads and provide sufficient elastic recovery under small loads. When the seismic load disappears, the disc spring group 5 automatically restores to its original state using its stored elastic energy to achieve self-reset in the vertical direction. The design of the disc spring not only considers the elastic restoring force, but also optimizes the nonlinear stiffness characteristics, so that the system maintains high flexibility under light load and has sufficient support force under heavy load. When the earthquake load disappears, the disc spring group 5 uses its stored elastic potential energy to achieve self-reset. The disc springs in parallel combination can quickly restore the initial state of the support due to their high stiffness; the disc springs in series combination provide a large elastic displacement, which is suitable for slow reset after a large deformation. The mixed disc spring combination can balance these two effects and adjust the reset speed and reset force according to actual needs.

[0107] The combination of disc spring groups can achieve high durability and long-term stability through reasonable design. The disc spring has excellent elasticity and fatigue properties and can withstand dynamic loads for a long time without failure. The mixed combination can avoid the situation where a single disc spring is subjected to excessive force and premature failure, and extend the service life of the entire support system.

[0108] S600, the coordinated work of shock absorption and self-reset: the horizontal friction pendulum reduces the seismic response through the negative stiffness effect, the self-reset unit provides the horizontal self-reset function, and the vertical disc spring group 5 ensures vertical shock absorption and reset; the system as a whole forms a comprehensive control of the multi-dimensional response of the earthquake through the combined action of various structures.

[0109] Multi-dimensional seismic isolation effect: The various units of the support work together to enable the system to cope with both horizontal and vertical earthquake motions. The horizontal friction pendulum reduces the seismic response through the negative stiffness effect, the shape memory alloy unit provides the horizontal self-reset function, and the vertical disc spring group 5 ensures vertical seismic isolation and reset. The system as a whole forms a comprehensive control of the multi-dimensional response of earthquakes through the combined action of these units.

[0110] Adaptive adjustment of seismic response under earthquakes at different seismic fortification levels: The bearing system can automatically adjust the response characteristics according to different earthquake intensities. Under small earthquakes, the system mainly absorbs vibration energy through the slight deformation of the shape memory alloy and the slight elastic change of the disc spring; during strong earthquakes, the negative stiffness effect of the friction pendulum and the large compression of the disc spring work together to ensure the overall stability of the bridge. This adaptive adjustment capability enables the bearing to achieve the optimal seismic effect under different seismic fortification targets.

[0111] Through the detailed design and implementation of the above technical principles, the three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing of the present invention can significantly improve the comprehensive seismic resistance of the bridge under the action of earthquake, realize multi-dimensional, all-round seismic isolation protection and self-resetting functions, and ensure the safety and service life of the bridge structure after a strong earthquake.

[0112] pass Fig.13 and Fig.14 By comparison, it can be found that when the lateral displacement of the bearing of the present invention is small, the horizontal restoring force of the bearing as a whole is small. Like the ordinary friction pendulum bearing, the bearing as a whole has not yet shown obvious limiting capacity. When the lateral displacement of the bearing of the present invention is large, compared with the ordinary friction pendulum bearing, the restoring force of the bearing increases rapidly, showing good limiting capacity. In line with the design goal, the bearing stiffness is small under small displacement, preventing the bridge substructure from generating a large internal force response, and the device stiffness is large under large displacement. The limiting capacity of the bearing of the present invention is improved to prevent destructive disasters such as falling beams from occurring in the bridge.

[0113] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention discloses a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing, comprising an upper bearing plate 1 and a lower bearing plate 2; a central slider, arranged between the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 2, one end of the central slider abuts against the bottom end of the upper bearing plate 1, and the end of the central slider away from the upper bearing plate 1 abuts against the lower bearing plate 2; the central slider is used to reduce the horizontal and vertical vibrations of the bridge structure; a self-resetting unit 7 is arranged between the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 2, one end of the self-resetting unit 7 is connected to the bottom end of the upper bearing plate 1, and the end of the self-resetting unit 7 away from the upper bearing plate 1 is connected to the top of the lower bearing plate 2; the self-resetting unit 7 is used for post-earthquake reset of the bridge structure.

[0114] The three-dimensional self-righting seismic isolation bridge bearing technology provided by the present invention provides excellent all-round seismic isolation effect and self-righting function through a horizontal friction pendulum energy absorption seismic isolation unit based on the negative stiffness principle, a horizontal energy absorption self-righting unit 7 based on shape memory alloy, and a vertical disc spring self-righting seismic isolation unit.

[0115] The present invention can provide seismic isolation functions in both horizontal and vertical directions, effectively reduce the impact of earthquakes on bridge structures, and protect the overall stability of the bridge. It solves the problem that traditional bridge seismic isolation bearings can usually only provide seismic isolation capabilities in a single direction and cannot fully cope with complex earthquake effects.

[0116] The present invention provides self-restoring force through shape memory alloy and disc spring device, and has excellent self-restoring ability after earthquake. It can automatically restore to the initial state in both horizontal and vertical directions, ensuring the continuous use performance and safety of the bridge, and solving the defect that traditional seismic isolation bearings are difficult to restore to their original position after an earthquake and need manual repair.

[0117] The present invention has excellent adaptive capabilities, and can respond and adjust accordingly according to different levels of earthquakes, and achieve reasonable defense under multiple levels of earthquakes. This adaptive feature can not only improve the seismic performance of the bridge, but also make it more cost-effective and structurally safe, solving the problem that traditional bearings have insufficient adaptive capabilities and cannot effectively respond to earthquakes of different intensities, and significantly improving the safety of bridges under different earthquake defense targets.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing, characterized in that: include: an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate; A central slider is arranged between the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate, one end of the central slider abuts against the bottom end of the upper bearing plate, and one end of the central slider away from the upper bearing plate abuts against the lower bearing plate; the central slider is used to reduce the vibration of the bridge structure in the horizontal and vertical directions; There are four groups of self-resetting units, which are arranged around the central slider, and the axis of the self-resetting unit is perpendicular to the axis of the central slider; one end of the self-resetting unit is connected to the bottom end of the upper support plate, and the end of the self-resetting unit away from the upper support plate is connected to the top end of the lower support plate; the self-resetting unit is used for post-earthquake reset of the bridge structure.

2. The three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper support plate is provided with a first central sliding area at one end adjacent to the central sliding block; A second central sliding area is provided at one end of the lower support plate adjacent to the central sliding block; A first convex surface is provided in the first central sliding area; A second convex surface is provided in the second central sliding area; The first convex curved surface and the second convex curved surface are coated with sliding friction coating.

3. The three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The central slider comprises: An upper spherical crown body, wherein a first concave surface is disposed at the top of the upper spherical crown body, and the first concave surface abuts against the first convex surface; A first groove is formed at one end of the upper spherical crown away from the first concave surface; A lower spherical crown body, wherein a second concave surface is disposed at the bottom end of the lower spherical crown body, and the second concave surface abuts against the second convex surface; A second groove is formed at one end of the lower spherical crown away from the second convex surface; One end of the lower spherical cap away from the second convex surface is arranged in the first groove of the upper spherical cap.

4. The three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The central slider also includes: A central guide cylinder is disposed in the first groove of the upper spherical crown body, and the top end of the central guide cylinder abuts against the top wall of the first groove; an end of the central guide cylinder away from the upper spherical crown body extends to the second groove of the lower spherical crown body; The disc spring group surrounds the outer wall of the central guide cylinder.

5. The three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The self-resetting unit comprises: The support hinge seat is multiple; The first support hinge seat, the second support hinge seat, the third support hinge seat and the fourth support hinge seat are arranged at one end of the upper support plate adjacent to the central guide cylinder and are fixedly connected to the upper support plate; the first support hinge seat, the second support hinge seat, the third support hinge seat and the fourth support hinge seat are arranged in a parallelogram shape; The first support hinge seat, the second support hinge seat, the third support hinge seat and the fourth support hinge seat are provided with a pin hole at one end away from the upper support plate; The fifth support hinge seat, the sixth support hinge seat, the seventh support hinge seat and the eighth support hinge seat are arranged at one end of the lower support plate adjacent to the central guide cylinder and are fixedly connected to the lower support plate; the fifth support hinge seat, the sixth support hinge seat, the seventh support hinge seat and the eighth support hinge seat are arranged in a parallelogram shape; The fifth support hinge seat, the sixth support hinge seat, the seventh support hinge seat and the eighth support hinge seat are provided with the pin hole at one end away from the lower support plate.

6. The three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The self-resetting unit also includes: A plurality of friction assemblies are arranged between the upper support plate and the lower support plate; One end of the first friction assembly is connected to the first support hinge seat, and one end away from the first support hinge seat is connected to the fifth support hinge seat; One end of the second friction assembly is connected to the second support hinge seat, and one end away from the second support hinge seat is connected to the sixth support hinge seat; One end of the third friction assembly is connected to the third support hinge seat, and one end away from the third support hinge seat is connected to the seventh support hinge seat; One end of the fourth friction assembly is connected to the fourth support hinge seat, and the end away from the fourth support hinge seat is connected to the eighth support hinge seat.

7. The three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The friction assembly comprises: The inner core is multiple and spindle-shaped; a connecting ear is provided at one end of the inner core, and a connecting hole matching the pin hole is provided on the connecting ear; One end of the inner core with the connecting hole is connected to one end of the support hinge seat with the pin hole; A central sleeve is arranged between the first inner core and the second inner core, one end of the central sleeve is sleeved on an end of the first inner core away from the connecting ear, and the other end away from the first inner core is sleeved on an end of the second inner core away from the connecting ear; A groove is formed on one side of the central sleeve adjacent to the inner core, and the shape of the groove corresponds to the shape of the inner core; the axis of the central sleeve is the same as the axis of the inner core; The grooved inner surface of the central sleeve and the outer surface of the inner core are coated with sliding friction coating; There are multiple end plates, which are arranged between the connecting ear and the inner core, one end of which is fixedly connected to the connecting ear, and the other end away from the connecting ear is fixedly connected to the end of the inner core away from the center sleeve.

8. The three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The self-resetting unit also includes: The outer sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the central sleeve along the length direction of the central sleeve and is used to provide pre-pressure for the central sleeve.

9. The three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The outer sleeve is made of shape memory alloy; The sliding friction coating is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyether ketone, polyimide or polycarbonate.

10. A working method of a three-dimensional self-resetting seismic isolation bridge bearing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S100, firstly, all components of the support are accurately installed according to a predetermined sequence and combination; S200, after completing the installation of step S100, perform a full system inspection to ensure that the connections between the components are tight, the sliding area is unobstructed, and the preload force of the disc spring assembly and the outer sleeve meets the design requirements; S300, put into use, fix the upper bearing plate to the upper structure of the bridge, and fix the lower bearing plate to the foundation at the bottom of the bridge; when the bridge vibrates, the horizontal displacement of the bridge causes the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate to have relative displacement, the first convex surface of the upper bearing plate and the first concave surface contact surface of the upper spherical crown body slide relative to each other, and the second convex surface of the lower bearing plate and the second concave surface contact surface of the lower spherical crown body slide relative to each other, thereby generating friction to dissipate earthquake energy; S400, a self-resetting unit for consuming energy in the horizontal direction: the spindle-shaped inner core slides along the inside of the central sleeve, and the friction between the inner core and the central sleeve dissipates a part of the energy; at the same time, the outer sleeve of the outer layer is radially squeezed and deformed; and the superelastic effect or self-restoring property of the shape memory alloy squeezes the inner core, generates a self-restoring force, and prompts the inner core to return to the initial position, thereby completing the self-resetting function in the horizontal direction; S500, disc spring group shock absorption and reset: under the action of vertical load and seismic load, the disc spring group absorbs and dissipates seismic energy through elastic compression deformation, thereby playing the role of seismic reduction and isolation; when the seismic load disappears, the disc spring group automatically restores itself to its original state by using its stored elastic energy, thereby achieving self-reset in the vertical direction; S600, the coordinated work of shock absorption and self-reset: the horizontal friction pendulum reduces the seismic response through the negative stiffness effect, the self-reset unit provides the horizontal self-reset function, and the vertical disc spring group ensures vertical shock absorption and reset; the system as a whole forms a comprehensive control of the multi-dimensional response of the earthquake through the combined action of various structures.

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