Multi-scale overflow prevention rainwater grate and working mechanism thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-scale overflow-preventing rainwater grate and a working mechanism thereof, and the multi-scale overflow-preventing rainwater grate comprises a longitudinal grate system, a latitudinal grate system, a flow guide slope, a convex fish mouth and a concave tongue plate; the water inlet sides of the warp and weft grate systems are comb handles, and the ribs are comb teeth; the flow guide slope is a downward folded-line-shaped plate or an arc-shaped plate starting from a water inlet edge of a warp and weft grate system, the lateral wall surfaces of the ribs and the flow guide slope arranged between the ribs form comb tooth space grooves, and the included angle between the overall line type of the flow guide slope and the horizontal plane is gradually increased from the water inlet end; the protruding fish mouths are arranged on the comb handle, the fish mouths of the protruding fish mouths face outwards, the downwards-concave tongue plates are arranged between every two adjacent protruding fish mouths, and the protruding fish mouths in the comb handle area protrude relative to the downwards-concave tongue plates. Through the combined flow crossing prevention technology, the comprehensive effect which is far higher than the simple superposition of the independent action effects of all the effects is achieved, the beneficial effect that 1 + 1 is far larger than 2 is obtained, and grate surface flow can be effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of drainage engineering, and particularly relates to rainwater grates for rainwater inlets, side ditches and cross-cutting ditches in road engineering, and is also suitable for drainage grates for various drainage facilities in squares, docks, kitchens and the like. Background Art

[0002] Definition of overflow phenomenon: overflow refers to the phenomenon that water flows directly over the rainwater grate without entering the rainwater well. The overflow phenomenon is more serious in the following cases: ① Excessive water flows into the rainwater grate; ② The road slope is too steep, and the water flow rate cannot be reduced; ③ The opening rate of the rainwater grate is small, the grate surface flow is obvious, and the drainage is insufficient.

[0003] The existing national standard rainwater grates are equipped with full-length longitudinal and transverse ribs with a certain width. Through observation, even in light rain, water flows down along the surface of the longitudinal and transverse ribs. When the amount of water is slightly larger, the observed grate surface flow is more obvious. When the grate surface flow flows through the rainwater grate range, it will cause overflow.

[0004] In recent years, news reports of serious waterlogging on urban roads due to heavy rains are common. Municipal departments often open rain grates to drain water from the roads. However, the opened rain grates also bring hidden dangers to traffic safety and even cause loss of life and property. In addition, it is difficult to mobilize enough manpower to open rain grates with sufficient drainage when the city is flooded. The failure of rain grates to take in water, the blocking of water inflow, and the serious overflow of the grate surface have become an important cause of urban waterlogging. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the anti-overflow and anti-blocking capabilities of existing rain grates to ensure the water intake efficiency of rain grates.

[0005] Therefore, it is an urgent problem to study and solve the problem of adopting an economical and easy-to-operate method to prevent overflow and siltation of rainwater grates and ensure the water collection of rainwater grates.

[0006] Existing rainwater grates have failed to take into account the function of preventing overflow of rainwater grates. When the road slope is steep or the surface runoff velocity is high under heavy rain conditions, this type of rainwater grates will have serious overflow problems, and the actual water collection effect is very poor. A large amount of rainwater will overflow, causing waterlogging on the road, posing a huge safety hazard.

[0007] Existing anti-overflow rainwater grates, such as "anti-overflow and anti-clogging rainwater grate (CN217175161 U)", optimize the rainwater grate structure and set a diversion slope at the rainwater grate inlet to form a new anti-overflow rainwater grate. However, this patent only sets a diversion slope on a macro scale, and still cannot completely avoid the occurrence of grate surface flow, and its anti-overflow effect still has room for improvement.

[0008] At present, the problem of urban waterlogging has attracted more and more attention. Extreme rainstorms are occurring more and more frequently. It is very necessary to realize the functions of rainwater grates to prevent overflow and resist siltation, and to ensure that there is no water accumulation on roads, squares, etc. in extreme rainstorms or with large longitudinal slopes. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-scale bionic technology anti-overflow rainwater grate in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by the following method:

[0011] Multi-scale anti-overflow rainwater grates, including warp and weft grating systems, diversion slopes, raised fish mouths and concave tongue plates;

[0012] The warp and weft grating system is a hollow rainwater grate system composed of gratings that are perpendicular to each other in the warp and weft directions;

[0013] The water inlet edge of the warp and weft comb bar system is the comb handle, and the ribs are the comb teeth;

[0014] The diversion slope is a linear plate or an arc plate that starts from the water inlet side of the longitude and latitude grating system and is bent downward. The lateral wall of the ribs and the diversion slope arranged therebetween form a comb-tooth groove. The angle between the overall line of the diversion slope and the horizontal plane increases from small to large from the water inlet end.

[0015] The raised fish mouth is arranged on the comb handle, with the fish mouth of the raised fish mouth facing outwards, and the concave tongue plate is arranged between two adjacent raised fish mouths, and the raised fish mouth in the comb handle area is raised relative to the concave tongue plate.

[0016] Further technology of the present invention:

[0017] Preferably, the concave tongue plate is formed by a plurality of fan-shaped surfaces separated by the raised fish mouths, and the fan-shaped tightening ends face inwards.

[0018] Preferably, the surface of the raised fish mouth is coated with hydrophobic lines made of hydrophobic material.

[0019] Preferably, the hydrophobic lines of the raised fish mouth are arranged in a linear direction, and the direction of the hydrophobic lines points to the concave tongue plate.

[0020] Preferably, the surface of the concave tongue plate is coated with a capillary water absorption texture coated with a hydrophilic material.

[0021] Preferably, the capillary water absorption texture of the concave tongue plate adopts a three-dimensional folding fan-shaped texture effect that imitates the microchannels on the surface of the vampire bat's tongue and the surface texture of the scallop.

[0022] Preferably, the working mechanism is as follows:

[0023] After the raised fish mouth is coated with hydrophobic material, a super hydrophobic surface is formed. The raised fish mouth adopts a combination of a raised surface and hydrophobic textures, which increases the water contact angle and gives the water droplets a clear direction for rapid rolling toward the concave tongue plate.

[0024] After the concave tongue plate is coated with hydrophilic material, the tightening and guiding property of the capillary water absorption texture is combined to give the water flow a clear direction. Under the tightening effect of the fan-shaped channel on the fan surfaces on both sides of the fan handle, the force on the droplets in the channel increases from the wide channel to the narrow channel, clearly giving the water flow a unidirectional drainage direction toward the fan handle.

[0025] At the beginning of water inflow, due to the obvious contrast between the capillary water absorption effect of the concave tongue plate and the water repellent effect of the raised fish mouth, the water flow is quickly sucked into the concave tongue plate, and the raised fish mouth area remains dry. As the incoming flow increases further, under the action of the surface tension of the water flow, the water flow has an obvious diversion effect of flowing along the concave tongue plate area and avoiding the raised fish mouth. As the incoming flow increases further, the water flow tends to enter the fish mouth area. Under the dual effects of the water repellent effect and the guidance of the hydrophobic texture, the water flow quickly rolls down into the diversion slope.

[0026] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0027] The multi-scale bionic technology anti-overflow rainwater grate proposed in the present invention forms a macro-scale vacuum adsorption diversion effect by introducing a diversion slope, forms a macro-scale diversion effect by convex and concave partitioning, forms active capillary water diversion and diversion in the concave tongue plate area by bionic technology texture, and forms water repellent and diversion effects in the convex fish mouth area;

[0028] Through the combined anti-overflow technology, a comprehensive effect far exceeding the simple superposition of the effects of each effect alone is achieved, and a beneficial effect of 1+1 being far greater than 2 is obtained. The occurrence of grate surface flow can be effectively avoided, and the existing anti-overflow and anti-siltation rainwater grate water tongue can be greatly shortened or eliminated, thereby achieving complete overflow prevention of rainwater grates from a multi-scale and biotechnology perspective. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a multi-scale anti-overflow rainwater grate from a bird's-eye view.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of a multi-scale anti-overflow rainwater grate.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a side view diagram of a multi-scale rainwater grate to prevent overflow.

[0032] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional fan-shaped texture of the concave tongue plate.

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the raised fish-mouth one-dimensional grooved rice leaf bionic texture.

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the shark skin bionic texture with a rough microstructure of raised fish mouth grooves.

[0035] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the raised fish mouth and fish scale-like bionic texture.

[0036] In the figure: 1—grips, 2—diversion slope, 3—raised fish mouth, 4—concave tongue plate, 5—hydrophobic lines, 6—capillary water absorption texture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] like Figure 1-3 , a multi-scale anti-overflow rainwater grate, including a warp and weft grating system, a diversion slope 2, a raised fish mouth 3 and a concave tongue plate 4;

[0039] The warp and weft grating system is a hollow rainwater grate system composed of gratings 1 that are perpendicular to each other in the warp and weft directions;

[0040] The water inlet edge of the warp and weft comb bar system 1 is the comb handle, and the ribs are the comb teeth;

[0041] The diversion slope 2 is a linear plate or an arc plate that starts from the water inlet side of the longitude and latitude grating system and is bent downward. The lateral wall of the ribs and the diversion slope 2 arranged therebetween form a comb-tooth groove. The angle between the overall line of the diversion slope 2 and the horizontal plane increases from small to large from the water inlet end.

[0042] The raised fish mouth 3 is arranged on the comb handle, with the fish mouth of the raised fish mouth 3 facing outward, and the concave tongue plate 4 is arranged between two adjacent raised fish mouths 3, and the raised fish mouth 3 in the comb handle area is raised relative to the concave tongue plate 4.

[0043] The concave tongue plate 4 is a plurality of fan-shaped surfaces separated by the raised fish mouth 3, and the fan-shaped tightening ends face inwards.

[0044] The surface of the raised fish mouth 3 is coated with hydrophobic lines 5 coated with a hydrophobic material. The hydrophobic lines 5 of the raised fish mouth 3 are arranged in a linear direction, and the direction of the hydrophobic lines 5 points to the concave tongue plate 4.

[0045] The surface of the concave tongue plate 4 is coated with a capillary water absorption texture 6 coated with a hydrophilic material. The capillary water absorption texture 6 of the concave tongue plate 4 adopts a three-dimensional folding fan-shaped texture effect that imitates the microchannels on the surface of the vampire bat's tongue and the surface texture of the scallop.

[0046] It should be noted that the guide slope 2 of the present invention is coated with the same capillary water absorption texture as the concave tongue plate 4. The top of the guide slope is aligned and connected with the concave tongue plate, and the grating bar 1 is coated with the same hydrophobic texture as the raised fish mouth 3.

[0047] In this embodiment, the diversion slope 2, the concave tongue plate 4, and the raised fish mouth 3 can be an integrated structure. By providing a clamping plate on the side wall of the diversion slope and clamping it on the grate bar, it can be directly placed on the existing rainwater grate for improvement.

[0048] The working mechanism is as follows:

[0049] After the raised fish mouth of the comb-shaped guide groove is coated with hydrophobic material, the surface energy between water and the surface of the raised fish mouth is reduced, achieving a water-repellent effect. The use of super-hydrophobic material can further reduce the surface energy, and the water contact angle is greater than 150° and the sliding angle is less than 10° to form a super-hydrophobic surface. The raised fish mouth uses a raised surface and hydrophobic texture to effectively improve the surface structure. Under the condition of further increasing the water contact angle, the water droplets are given a clear direction for rapid rolling toward the concave tongue plate. The water-repellent and water-repellent capabilities of the raised fish mouth are further enhanced. The effect of no water on the surface of the raised fish mouth is achieved.

[0050] After the concave tongue plate of the comb-shaped guide groove is coated with hydrophilic material, the surface energy between water and the concave tongue plate surface is enhanced, achieving a hydrophilic effect, and the water droplets are spread on the surface. The use of super-hydrophilic materials can further increase the surface energy, so that the water droplets automatically spread on the surface as a water film in a very short time, and the water contact angle is less than 10°. The surface of the concave tongue plate adopts a capillary water absorption texture, and the tightening and guiding nature of the texture gives the water flow a clear direction. The fan-shaped channel is tightened to the fan surfaces on both sides of the fan handle, making the tight end suction more significant. The force on the droplets in the channel increases from the wide channel to the narrow channel, and the water flow is clearly given a one-way drainage direction toward the fan handle.

[0051] At the beginning of the water flow, due to the obvious contrast between the strong capillary water absorption effect of the concave tongue plate of the comb-shaped diversion groove and the water repellent effect of the raised fish mouth, the water flow is quickly sucked into the concave tongue plate area, and the raised fish mouth area remains dry. As the incoming flow increases further, under the action of the surface tension of the water flow, the water flow has a significant diversion effect of flowing along the concave tongue plate area and avoiding the raised fish mouth. As the incoming flow increases further, the water flow has a tendency to enter the fish mouth area, but under the dual effects of the water repellent effect and the guidance of the hydrophobic texture, the water flow quickly rolls into the concave tongue plate area. As the water flow increases further, even if the diversion slope has a certain downward slope and the water flow velocity is high, the vacuum between the water flow and the diversion slope forms a strong vacuum adsorption effect of the water flow vacuum adsorbed on the diversion slope, and the water tongue on the diversion slope moves slowly and the water tongue length is short.

[0052] Due to the super-hydrophobic and super-hydrophilic effects, the comb-shaped guide groove will also have a self-cleaning effect. In comparison, the super-hydrophilic effect of the concave tongue plate area can effectively reduce the residue of water droplets and help remove pollutants, and the self-cleaning effect is more obvious. At the same time, the concave structure of the concave tongue plate also cleverly protects the super-hydrophilic surface coating from wear and tear in space, and further improves the effect of water collection.

[0053] In this embodiment:

[0054] At the meter-decimeter scale, a comb-shaped diversion groove is formed by setting a diversion slope. The comb-shaped diversion groove consists of the following three parts: the water inlet edge of the rainwater grate is the comb handle, the ribs are the comb teeth, the lateral wall of the ribs and the diversion slope set between them form a groove between the comb teeth, and the bottom surface of the groove is a downward folded surface or arc surface. The introduction of the diversion slope forms a macroscopic vacuum adsorption diversion effect.

[0055] In the centimeter-millimeter scale, the raised fish mouth is set on the comb handle of the comb-shaped guide groove at a position corresponding to the rib, including the rib connected to it behind the comb handle, and the fish mouth faces outward. The concave tongue plate is set on the comb handle and the groove between the comb teeth of the comb-shaped guide groove, which is a plurality of fan-shaped surfaces separated by the raised fish mouth, and the fan-shaped tightening end faces inward. In the comb handle area, the raised fish mouth is raised relative to the concave tongue plate, and then even more, forming a macro-scale diversion effect through convex and concave partitions.

[0056] At the millimeter-micrometer scale, the height and texture of the rain grate surface are different. The raised fish mouth adopts a hydrophobic texture, and the concave tongue plate surface adopts a capillary water absorption texture. The bionic technology texture forms the capillary water active drainage and diversion in the concave tongue plate area, while the raised fish mouth area has the effect of water repelling and diversion.

[0057] At the nanoscale, the convex fish mouth and concave tongue plate of the comb-shaped diversion groove are coated with hydrophobic materials and hydrophilic materials respectively to form nanoscale drainage, diversion and diversion effects. By imitating the probe of butterflies in nature with a hydrophobic outer surface and a hydrophilic inner tube to ensure that there is no leakage when sucking liquid, drainage, diversion and diversion are achieved at the molecular dimension, further greatly improving the diversion capacity and active water transport capacity of hydrophobic textures and water-absorbing texture channels. Active repulsion, diversion, transportation and diversion of liquids that do not rely on gravity are achieved, and the initiative is seized. In this way, active induced diversion is achieved in the early stage of the incoming flow, and the significant diversion effect of the microscopic convex fish mouth rejecting water flow and the concave tongue plate actively draining is achieved.

[0058] Example 1: A 450mm×750mm rain grate with an opening rate of 34% is provided with a comb-shaped guide groove on one side of 450mm. The surface coating of the raised fish mouth of the comb-shaped guide groove is asphalt paint. The concave tongue plate adopts a high-strength inorganic silicate super-hydrophilic antifouling coating. The raised fish mouth hydrophobic texture adopts a linear directional arrangement of one-dimensional groove rice leaf bionic texture, see Figure 5The concave tongue plate surface adopts a three-dimensional folding fan texture, see Figure 4 .

[0059] Example 2: A 450mm×750mm rain grate with an opening rate of 34% is provided with a comb-shaped guide groove on one side of 450mm. The surface coating of the raised fish mouth of the comb-shaped guide groove is asphalt paint. The concave tongue plate adopts a high-strength inorganic silicate super-hydrophilic antifouling coating. The hydrophobic texture of the raised fish mouth adopts a fish scale-like bionic texture, see Figure 6 The concave tongue plate surface adopts a three-dimensional folding fan texture, see Figure 4 .

[0060] Example 3: A 450mm×750mm rain grate with an opening rate of 34% is provided with a comb-shaped guide groove on one side of 450mm. The surface coating of the raised fish mouth of the comb-shaped guide groove is asphalt paint. The concave tongue plate adopts a high-strength inorganic silicate super-hydrophilic antifouling coating. The raised fish mouth hydrophobic texture adopts a shark skin bionic texture with a gully-like rough micron structure, see Figure 7 The concave tongue plate surface adopts a three-dimensional folding fan texture, see Figure 4 .

[0061] Comparative Example 1: A 450 mm × 750 mm rain grate with an opening rate of 34% and no diversion slope.

[0062] Comparative Example 2: A 450mm×750mm rain grate with an opening rate of 34% has no diversion slope. The rib surface and the corresponding grate edge area are provided with asphalt paint, and the surface is provided with a linear directional arrangement of one-dimensional groove rice leaf bionic texture hydrophobic texture. The remaining area of ​​the grate edge is provided with a high-strength inorganic silicate super-hydrophilic antifouling coating, and the surface adopts a three-dimensional folding fan-shaped texture.

[0063] Comparative Example 3: A 450mm×750mm rain grate with an opening rate of 34% is provided with a diversion slope on one side at 450mm.

[0064] Through indoor water tank tests and numerical simulations, at a flow rate of 20 L / s with a 5% longitudinal slope, the data of each embodiment and comparative example are shown in the following table.

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] In fact, the multi-scale bionic technology anti-overflow rainwater grate in the embodiment of the present invention can be made of polymer materials, metal materials and various other possible materials, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings can adopt various possible coatings, the hydrophobic patterns and water-absorbing textures can adopt various possible water-conducting textures, and can be applied to various water collection grate covers, etc.

[0068] It can be seen that the multi-scale bionic technology anti-overflow rainwater grate proposed in the present invention has a very good anti-overflow effect. According to the embodiment, compared with the conventional rainwater grate (Comparative Example 1), after adopting only macro-scale anti-overflow measures (Comparative Example 3), the water collection rate increased by 6%, but the water tongue length of the grate surface cannot completely prevent overflow; compared with the conventional rainwater grate (Comparative Example 1), after adopting only micro-scale anti-overflow measures (Comparative Example 2), the water collection rate increased by 0.3%, which has little effect on the anti-overflow effect; compared with the conventional rainwater grate (Comparative Example 1), after adopting the anti-overflow measures of micro-scale and macro-scale combined (Examples 1-3), the anti-overflow effect reached 100%, and the water collection rate increased by 8.9%. In summary, the sum of the water collection rate increased by the single macro-scale and micro-scale overflow prevention technical solutions is 6.3%, while the combined overflow prevention measures of micro-scale and macro-scale increase the water collection rate by 8.9%, which is 41% higher than the former. Such an organic combination promotes and amplifies the beneficial effects of macro-scale and micro-scale, achieving the effect of 1+1>2. The multi-scale bionic technology overflow prevention rainwater grate of the present invention has a better overflow prevention effect under the condition of greater water flow or longitudinal slope. It is very suitable for urban waterlogging rainwater grate water collection and lifting during heavy rain and large longitudinal slope road rainwater grate water collection and lifting, achieving an unexpected overflow prevention effect.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Multi-scale anti-overflow rainwater grate, characterized in that: It includes warp and weft grating systems, diversion slopes, raised fish mouths and concave tongue plates; The warp and weft grating system is a hollow rainwater grate system composed of gratings that are perpendicular to each other in the warp and weft directions; The water inlet edge of the warp and weft comb bar system is the comb handle, and the ribs are the comb teeth; The diversion slope is a linear plate or an arc plate that starts from the water inlet side of the longitude and latitude grating system and is bent downward. The lateral wall of the ribs and the diversion slope arranged therebetween form a comb-tooth groove. The angle between the overall line of the diversion slope and the horizontal plane increases from small to large from the water inlet end. The raised fish mouth is arranged on the comb handle, with the fish mouth of the raised fish mouth facing outwards, and the concave tongue plate is arranged between two adjacent raised fish mouths, and the raised fish mouth in the comb handle area is raised relative to the concave tongue plate.

2. The multi-scale anti-overflow rainwater grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concave tongue plate is formed by a plurality of fan-shaped surfaces separated by the raised fish mouth, and the fan-shaped tightening ends face inwards.

3. The multi-scale anti-overflow rainwater grate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface of the raised fish mouth is coated with hydrophobic lines coated with a hydrophobic material.

4. The multi-scale anti-overflow rainwater grate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hydrophobic lines of the raised fish mouth are arranged in a linear direction, and the direction of the hydrophobic lines points to the concave tongue plate.

5. The multi-scale anti-overflow rainwater grate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The surface of the concave tongue plate is coated with a capillary water absorption texture coated with a hydrophilic material.

6. The multi-scale anti-overflow rainwater grate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The capillary water absorption texture of the concave tongue plate adopts a three-dimensional folding fan-shaped texture effect that imitates the microchannels on the surface of the vampire bat's tongue and the surface texture of the scallop.

7. The multi-scale anti-overflow rainwater grate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific working mechanism is as follows: After the raised fish mouth is coated with hydrophobic material, a super hydrophobic surface is formed. The raised fish mouth adopts a combination of a raised surface and hydrophobic textures, which increases the water contact angle and gives the water droplets a clear direction for rapid rolling toward the concave tongue plate. After the concave tongue plate is coated with hydrophilic material, the tightening and guiding property of the capillary water absorption texture is combined to give the water flow a clear direction. Under the tightening effect of the fan-shaped channel on the fan surfaces on both sides of the fan handle, the force on the droplets in the channel increases from the wide channel to the narrow channel, clearly giving the water flow a unidirectional drainage direction toward the fan handle. At the beginning of water inflow, due to the obvious contrast between the capillary water absorption effect of the concave tongue plate and the water repellent effect of the raised fish mouth, the water flow is quickly sucked into the concave tongue plate, and the raised fish mouth area remains dry. As the incoming flow increases further, under the action of the surface tension of the water flow, the water flow has an obvious diversion effect of flowing along the concave tongue plate area and avoiding the raised fish mouth. As the incoming flow increases further, the water flow tends to enter the fish mouth area. Under the dual effects of the water repellent effect and the guidance of the hydrophobic texture, the water flow quickly rolls down into the diversion slope.

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