Stud upper and lower wall raise stepped shrinkage subsequent filling mining method

Abstract

The invention provides a bulkhead upper and lower wall raise stepped shrinkage subsequent filling mining method, and belongs to the field of underground mining. An original footwall transportation roadway is used, a hanging wall transportation roadway in the direction of the ore body is tunneled in hanging wall surrounding rock of the ore body, a hanging wall mining raise and a footwall mining raise which are perpendicular to the direction of the ore body are tunneled in the hanging wall surrounding rock and the footwall surrounding rock respectively, and meanwhile a layered connection way is tunneled; an ore removal transverse drift is tunneled in the middle of the bottom of the stud to communicate the hanging wall transportation roadway and the footwall transportation roadway, the ore removal transverse drift serves as a blasting surface, and an upper wall and a footwall are tunneled from the middle to the two ends of the first layer in a shallow hole blasting mode; and according to the tunneling mode from the middle to the two ends, the other layers are sequentially stoped from bottom to top until the studs are stoped, and then the other studs are stoped. The shallow hole blasting mode is adopted, the mode of blasting from the middle of the stope to the two ends of the stope is adopted for stoping, and efficient, safe and high-recovery-rate stoping of the stud is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of underground mining, and in particular to a step-by-step ore-retaining and subsequent filling mining method for upper and lower wall shafts between pillars. Background Art

[0002] The ore retention method is relatively simple to operate, easy to master and manage. It was a common method for underground mining in my country in the 1990s, especially in gold, non-ferrous metal and chemical mines. The ore retention method generally divides the ore body into a chamber and a pillar, first mining the chamber and then the pillar. However, with the continuous mining of the chamber, the stability of the surrounding rock around the ore body is destroyed. In order to maintain the stability of the surrounding rock, it is forced to give up the recovery of the pillar and reserve it in the ore body for support, resulting in a large number of pillars left after the mining of the chamber is completed. The ore recovery rate is only 40%-60%, which seriously wastes natural mineral resources. In recent years, with the advancement of green mine construction, the backfill mining method has gradually replaced the ore retention method due to its safe operation, delayed surface subsidence, high resource recovery rate, low depletion rate, accelerated tailings consumption, and reduced tailings pond storage pressure. The pressure has gradually replaced the ore retention method and has been widely used in major mines.

[0003] In order to improve the recovery rate of mining resources and increase the economic benefits of mines, the ore bodies that were mined using the ore retention method in the early stage were later introduced with a filling system to fill the goaf, and the remaining pillar resources were mined under the premise of ensuring the stability of the surface. At present, the mining of pillars is usually carried out using medium-deep holes. The mining process is excavated from the lower plate of the ore body to the upper plate of the ore body. The mining efficiency is relatively low, and the ore recovery rate is low, making it difficult to achieve safe and efficient mining of pillars. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present application provides a method for mining with stepped ore retention and subsequent filling in the upper and lower wall shafts of the pillars, which adopts shallow hole blasting and blasting from the middle of the mining area to both ends to achieve efficient, safe and high recovery rate mining of the pillars.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a pillar-and-lower-wall step-type ore-retaining and subsequent filling mining method, wherein pillars and filling areas are arranged at intervals along the strike of the ore body, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, using the pillars as the stope, the stope width is the width of the pillars; S2, using the original lower plate transport tunnel, excavating the upper plate transport tunnel along the direction of the ore body in the upper plate surrounding rock of the ore body, the upper plate transport tunnel and the lower plate transport tunnel are both set at the bottom of the intermediate pillar; excavating the upper plate mining rise and the lower plate mining rise perpendicular to the direction of the ore body in the upper and lower plate surrounding rocks of the ore body respectively; excavating the layer connection road in each layer to connect different layers with the upper plate mining rise and the lower plate mining rise; S3, digging a ore-exiting vein in the middle of the bottom of the intermediate pillar to connect the upper plate transport tunnel and the lower plate transport tunnel, using the ore-exiting vein as the blasting surface, and blasting from the middle of the first layer to both ends to the upper plate surrounding rock and the lower plate surrounding rock respectively by shallow hole blasting; S4, mining the remaining layers in sequence from bottom to top until the pillars are mined out, and the mining of each layer is blasted from the middle to both ends; S5. Repeat steps S1-S4 until all the pillars are mined.

[0006] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a shallow hole blasting method with a relatively high ore recovery rate is adopted to mine the pillars. In order to realize mining safely and efficiently, especially the mining of unstable rock masses, firstly, the mining field follows the mining room mining field layout, so that the lower plate transportation tunnel follows the original development project; then the upper plate transportation tunnel, the upper plate mining shaft and the lower plate mining shaft perpendicular to the ore body direction, and the layered connecting roads are excavated, and the mining is carried out by excavating from the middle of the mining field to both ends, and the collapsed ore can be transported out from both ends respectively, thereby improving the mining efficiency, reducing the working time of personnel in the mining field, and further improving the safety of personnel.

[0007] In some embodiments, step S3 also includes excavating an upper plate mining tunnel and a lower plate mining tunnel respectively; the upper plate mining tunnel connects the middle of the mining vein with the upper plate transport tunnel, and the lower plate mining tunnel connects the middle of the mining vein with the lower plate transport tunnel.

[0008] In this embodiment, by setting up the upper plate mining tunnel and the lower plate mining tunnel, not only the transportation efficiency of the collapsed ore is improved, but also it is ensured that all the recycled ore in the stope is completely mined, thereby ensuring a higher recovery rate of the backfill mining method.

[0009] In some embodiments, the blasting hole blasted by the shallow hole blasting method has a hole depth of 2-3m and a hole diameter of 30-50mm.

[0010] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the parameter range of the blasthole, the disturbance of the surrounding rock during the blasting process is reduced, safety is ensured, and rapid mining is achieved.

[0011] In some embodiments, during the mining process, drilling is used to determine the thickness of the layer to be mined from the top of the mining area to the mining boundary.

[0012] In this embodiment, through drilling, personnel can timely grasp the situation of the unmined ore body above the roof, and make response plans according to the specific situation of the unmined ore body above to ensure personnel safety.

[0013] In some embodiments, when drilling reaches the stope boundary, a top pillar is reserved at the top of the stope.

[0014] In this embodiment, the unstable part above is isolated by reserving a top column to prevent the upper waste rock from collapsing and causing the lower mining area to be scrapped. This not only ensures smooth mining, but also ensures the safety of personnel in the lower mining when the upper part collapses.

[0015] In some embodiments, the thickness of the top column is 4-5m.

[0016] In this embodiment, by setting the thickness of the top pillar within a reasonable range, the economic benefits of the mine are increased while ensuring the safety of personnel.

[0017] In some embodiments, the distance between the upper plate transport tunnel and the boundary of the intermediate pillars is 5-6m.

[0018] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the distance between the upper wall transport lane and the boundary of the pillar, the disturbance to the upper wall transport lane is reduced when the pillar is mined, and the transportation distance of the collapsed ore is reduced.

[0019] In some embodiments, the height of the layer is 5-6m; the height of the ore-exiting vein is 3-4m.

[0020] In this embodiment, by reasonably controlling the layer height, personnel can mine each layer safely and efficiently, thereby achieving safe and efficient mining of each pillar.

[0021] In some embodiments, after the pillars are mined and the goaf is filled, the strength of the filling body at the bottom 5-6m of the goaf and the top 5-6m of the goaf is 3-5Mpa.

[0022] In this embodiment, by controlling the strength of the filling body, the overall strength of the filling body is made higher, the overall stability of the mine is maintained, and the safety of personnel operations is improved.

[0023] In some embodiments, the stope width is 6-10 m and the stope length is 10-12 m.

[0024] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a front view of the intermediate pillar upper and lower wall skylight step-type ore retention and subsequent filling mining method in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view of II-II; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Sectional view of III-III; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Sectional view of IV-IV; Explanation of the reference numerals: 1-pillar; 2-upper plate transport tunnel; 3-lower plate transport tunnel; 4-upper plate mining shaft; 5-lower plate mining shaft; 6-layered connecting road; 7-ore-exit vein; 8-upper plate surrounding rock; 9-lower plate surrounding rock; 10-upper plate mining tunnel; 11-lower plate mining tunnel; 12-blast hole; 13-collapsed ore; 14-ore-waste mixture; 15-stepped ore layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0029] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or position relationship indicated by technical terms such as "middle", "length", "width", "thickness", "top" and "bottom" are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0031] In order to improve the recovery rate of mine resources and increase the economic benefits of mines, it is necessary to recover the remaining pillar resources. At present, the recovery efficiency of pillars is relatively low, and the ore recovery rate is low, making it difficult to achieve safe and efficient recovery of pillars.

[0032] In order to solve the technical problem that it is impossible to achieve safe and efficient recovery of pillars, the present application provides a method for mining with stepped ore retention and subsequent filling in the upper and lower wall shafts of pillars. The pillars are recovered by shallow hole blasting, and the lower wall transportation tunnel follows the original development project. Then the upper wall transportation tunnel, the upper wall mining shaft and the lower wall mining shaft perpendicular to the ore body direction, and the layered connecting roads are excavated. The mining is carried out by excavating from the middle of the mining area to both ends, and the collapsed ore can be transported out from both ends respectively, which improves the recovery efficiency and reduces the working time of personnel in the mining area. The safety of personnel is further improved, and the efficient, safe and high recovery rate recovery of pillars is achieved.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pillar upper and lower wall step-type ore retention and subsequent filling mining method provided in the embodiment of the present application. The gob left by the mining room in the early stage has been filled to form a filling area, and the pillar 1 is ready to be mined. The pillar 1 and the filling area are arranged at intervals along the strike of the ore body. The mining process of the pillar 1 includes the following steps: S1. Use pillar 1 as the stope for mining, and the stope width is the width of pillar 1.

[0034] S2. The existing lower wall transportation tunnel 3 set in the lower wall surrounding rock 9 and arranged along the direction of the ore body is used. After the filling body in the filling area of ​​the mine room is cured, the upper wall transportation tunnel 2 along the direction of the ore body is excavated in the upper wall surrounding rock 8 of the ore body. The upper wall transportation tunnel 2 and the lower wall transportation tunnel 3 are both set at the bottom of the intermediate pillar 1; the upper wall mining rise 4 and the lower wall mining rise 5 perpendicular to the direction of the ore body are excavated in the upper wall surrounding rock 8 and the lower wall surrounding rock 9 of the ore body respectively; the layered connecting road 6 is excavated in the upper wall surrounding rock 8 and the lower wall surrounding rock 9 of each layer to connect different layers with the upper wall mining rise 4 and the lower wall mining rise 5. Specifically, the inclination angles of the upper wall mining rise 4 and the lower wall mining rise 5 are similar to the inclination angle of the intermediate pillar 1, and the lengths of the upper wall mining rise 4 and the lower wall mining rise 5 extend from the bottom of the intermediate pillar 1 to the top of the intermediate pillar 1.

[0035] S3. Dig a ore-carrying vein 7 in the middle of the bottom of the intermediate pillar 1 to connect the upper plate transport tunnel 2 and the lower plate transport tunnel 3. Use the ore-carrying vein 7 as the blasting surface and blast from the middle of the first layer to both ends by shallow hole blasting to the upper plate surrounding rock 8 and the lower plate surrounding rock 9 respectively. Use a shovel loader to transport part of the collapsed ore 13 from the ore-carrying vein 7 to the surface ore dressing plant through the upper plate transport tunnel 2 and the lower plate transport tunnel 3 respectively.

[0036] S4, mining the remaining layers from bottom to top until the pillar 1 is mined. Shallow hole blasting is used for mining each layer, and excavation is carried out from the middle of the mining site to the upper wall rock 8 and the lower wall rock 9 at both ends. The goaf is filled immediately after the mine is out. Specifically, during the mining process, personnel enter the middle of the mining site and set blastholes 12 in different directions in the ore body above, so as to excavate in the upper wall and the lower wall directions respectively. Specifically, during all layered mining processes, mining is carried out along the direction of the ore body to the junction with the adjacent filling body, and mining is carried out perpendicular to the direction of the ore body and the vertical direction (i.e., vertical height) to the junction with the upper wall rock 8 and the lower wall rock 9. That is, when mining different layers, the mining range is determined according to the shape of the pillar 1 at different positions, and the irregular pillar 1 is mined to the maximum extent. This application is based on the amount of ore left over from the mining of the previous mine room mining site of the mine, and a stepped mining method is adopted at the boundary of the pillar 1 mining site to ensure the maximum mining of ore. When mining the remaining layers, a part of the caved ore 13 is transported from the ore-exiting vein 7 to the surface ore dressing plant through the upper plate transport tunnel 2 and the lower plate transport tunnel 3 by a shovel truck, and a part of the caved ore 13 is reserved in the stope, and personnel stand on the caved ore 13 to complete further mining of the upper layers. The pillar 1 accounts for a small proportion of the entire ore body, so even if the pillar 1 is used as the stope, the entire pillar 1 is mined and then filled, which basically does not affect the strength of the entire ore body.

[0037] S5. Repeat steps S1-S4 until all the columns 1 are mined.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present application, in step S1, the stope follows the layout of the mine room stope, so that the part of the cutting project that has been developed during the mining of the mine room stope can be used, reducing the amount of cutting work in the mining process and improving the mining efficiency. In step S2, the lower plate transport tunnel 3 follows the original development project, reducing the mining and cutting project, and excavates the upper plate transport tunnel 2 in the upper plate surrounding rock 8, and at the same time, the upper plate mining patio 4 and the lower plate mining patio 5 perpendicular to the direction of the ore body are excavated in the upper plate surrounding rock 8 and the lower plate surrounding rock 9 respectively. The setting of two transport tunnels (i.e., the upper plate transport tunnel 2 and the lower plate transport tunnel 3) and two mining patios (i.e., the upper plate mining patio 4 and the lower plate mining patio 5) provides guarantee for the mining of the stope from the middle to both ends. The upper mining rise 4 and the lower mining rise 5 are arranged in the upper surrounding rock 8 and the lower surrounding rock 9 instead of the pillar 1, which can ensure the maximum recovery of the ore body; the upper mining rise 4 and the lower mining rise 5 are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, so that each layered layered connecting road 6 can be connected with the upper mining rise 4 and the lower mining rise 5 through a small amount of cutting engineering, ensuring the smooth mining of the pillar 1. In step S3, firstly, the ore-exiting vein 7 is excavated in the middle of the bottom of the pillar 1 to connect the upper transport tunnel 2 and the lower transport tunnel 3, and the interior of the stope is connected through the upper mining rise 4, the upper transport tunnel 2, the ore-exiting vein 7, the lower transport tunnel 3, the lower mining rise 5 and the layered connecting road 6, which is convenient for personnel to enter the stope for recovery operations, and ensures the safety of personnel in the stope, especially for the recovery of some old mine pillars 1; at the same time, a ventilation system is formed to provide fresh airflow for the recovery process; then the recovery is carried out by excavating from the middle to both ends to improve the recovery efficiency. In step S4, the efficient and safe mining of the pillar 1 is then achieved from the middle to the two ends. After the mining is completed, the goaf is filled in time to maintain the stability of the surrounding rock. Compared with the medium-deep hole blasting, the shallow hole blasting of the present application has little disturbance to the surrounding rock, especially the unstable surrounding rock, during the excavation process. Even if the personnel mine the ore body in the mining field, it can be relatively safe. Moreover, compared with the medium-deep hole mining, the shallow hole mining can recover as much ore of the pillar 1 as possible, so that the recovery rate of the ore is higher and the economic benefits of the mine are increased. On the basis of adopting the shallow hole mining, the present application adopts the method of excavating from the middle to the two ends during the mining process to mine the pillar 1, which has high mining efficiency, reduces the working time of the personnel in the mining field, and further improves the safety of the personnel. In addition, the upper plate transport lane 2, the lower plate transport lane 3, the upper plate mining skylight 4 and the lower plate mining skylight 5 are set at the same time, so that the personnel can evacuate from different channels when encountering emergencies, and further improve safety. In actual mining, if the surrounding rock with relatively poor stability is encountered, the support engineering can be set in advance to improve stability.

[0039] Further, in the embodiments of the present application, Figure 3As shown, step S3 also includes excavating an upper plate mining tunnel 10 and a lower plate mining tunnel 11 respectively; the upper plate mining tunnel 10 connects the middle part of the mining vein 7 with the upper plate transport tunnel 2, and the lower plate mining tunnel 11 connects the middle part of the mining vein 7 with the lower plate transport tunnel 3. Specifically, the upper plate mining tunnel 10 is excavated obliquely toward the middle part of the mining vein 7 in the upper plate transport tunnel 2, and the upper plate mining tunnel 10 passes through the filling body adjacent to the pillar 1; the lower plate mining tunnel 11 is excavated obliquely toward the middle part of the mining vein 7 in the lower plate transport tunnel 3, and the lower plate mining tunnel 11 passes through the filling body adjacent to the pillar 1.

[0040] In this embodiment, the mined caved ore 13 is shoveled into a mine car or a string of cars through the upper plate mining tunnel 10, the lower plate mining tunnel 11 and the mining vein 7, and transported to the surface ore dressing plant through the original inclined shaft. By setting the upper plate mining tunnel 10 and the lower plate mining tunnel 11, more transportation channels are provided for the mining of the caved ore 13, which not only improves the transportation efficiency, but also multiple transportation channels work together to prevent the caved ore 13 from being left in the mining field, ensure that all the recovered ore in the mining field is completely mined, and ensure a high recovery rate of the filling mining method. In addition, the upper plate mining tunnel 10 and the lower plate mining tunnel 11 can further enrich the channels in the mining field and optimize the return air system.

[0041] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the depth of the blasthole 12 is 2-3 m, and the diameter is 30-50 mm, preferably 40 mm.

[0042] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the parameter range of the blasthole 12, the disturbance of the blasting process to the surrounding rock is reduced to ensure safety; on this basis, the depth of the blasthole 12 is made as deep as possible to achieve rapid mining, reduce the working time of personnel in the ore body, and further ensure safety, that is, the mining process can be carried out smoothly, safely and efficiently.

[0043] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present application, during the mining process, drilling is used to grasp the thickness of the stope top to the mining boundary of the layer to be mined. Specifically, when the stope is mined to a certain layer, if the upper stope collapses, it is considered to have reached the stope boundary. If drilling is not used to timely understand the specific conditions of the upper stope, it will pose a great threat to the safety of the miners. Therefore, drilling should be used to timely grasp the thickness from the top of the stope to the mining boundary. During the mining process of the intermediate pillar 1, after a certain height is mined, the top plate of the layer to be mined is opened by drilling, so that the personnel can timely grasp the ore body conditions of the unmined part above the top plate to ensure personnel safety. In order to further improve safety, drilling can be used to grasp the ore body conditions of the unmined part above the top plate when mining each layer.

[0044] In this embodiment, the mining process uses drilling to enable personnel to timely grasp the situation of the unmined ore body above the roof, and make response plans based on the specific situation of the unmined ore body above to ensure personnel safety.

[0045] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, when drilling reaches the boundary of the mining area, a top column is reserved at the top of the mining area. Specifically, when it is found after drilling that the unmined portion above the top plate of the layer to be mined is still an ore body, the mining operation is continued; when it is found after drilling that the unmined portion above the top plate of the layer to be mined is surrounding rock or a loose mixture of ore and waste rock 14, it is considered that the mining boundary has been reached, and a top column is reserved at the top of the mining area. In the actual mining process, the goaf of the mine room mining field with the ore retention method is retained for too long, resulting in the collapse of the mining field. After the filling is completed, some pillars 1 do not correspond to the upper and lower parts of the mining field (that is, in the early mining process of the mine room, the mine room is divided into different middle sections from top to bottom, the height of the middle section is 40-60m, and the position where the pillars 1 contact the upper and lower middle sections of the mine room is not corresponding), or if the early exploration of the mine is not in place, resulting in the early mining of the mine room mining field disorder, at this time, during the mining of pillar 1, the boundaries of the upper and lower ore bodies are different, and the mining field does not correspond to each other. When mining to the top of each pillar 1 or the position where the upper and lower pillars 1 do not correspond, the unmined part above is the surrounding rock or an unstable mixture of ore and waste rock 14, and a top pillar needs to be reserved. At the same time, in order to recover as much ore as possible, according to the specific situation at the boundary of the mining field, a stepped method is adopted for mining, thereby forming a stepped ore layer 15, and the reserved top pillar is also stepped at this time.

[0046] In this embodiment, when reaching the boundary of the stope, the unstable part above is isolated by reserving the top pillar to prevent the upper waste rock from collapsing and causing the lower stope to be scrapped, which can not only ensure the smooth progress of mining, but also ensure the safety of personnel in the lower mining when the upper part collapses. In addition, the shallow hole mining and stepped mining of the present application can further ensure the safety of personnel.

[0047] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the top column is 4-5m. Specifically, the thickness of the top column is determined according to the exploration depth of the drilling process.

[0048] In this embodiment, the thickness of the top pillar is set within a reasonable range. Under the premise of ensuring the safety of personnel, the thickness of the top pillar is reduced as much as possible, the intermediate pillar 1 is mined to the greatest extent, the recovery rate is improved, and the economic benefits of the mine are increased.

[0049] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the distance between the upper plate transport tunnel 2 and the boundary of the intermediate column 1 is 5-6m.

[0050] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the distance between the upper plate transport tunnel 2 and the boundary of the pillar 1, the upper plate transport tunnel 2 is at an appropriate distance from the boundary of the pillar 1. When mining the pillar 1, the disturbance to the upper plate transport tunnel 2 is reduced, making the upper plate transport tunnel 2 safe and stable. On this basis, the upper plate transport tunnel 2 is made as close to the pillar 1 as possible, thereby reducing the transportation distance of the collapsed ore 13.

[0051] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the height of the layer is 5-6m, and the height of the ore-exiting vein 7 is 3-4m, preferably 3m. Specifically, when mining the first layer of each pillar 1, the ore-exiting vein 7 is first excavated in the middle of the bottom of the pillar 1 to connect the upper plate transport tunnel 2 and the lower plate transport tunnel 3, and then according to the height of the ore-exiting vein 7, the ore-exiting vein 7 is used as the blasting surface, and the blasting is carried out from the middle of the first layer to both ends to the upper plate surrounding rock 8 and the lower plate surrounding rock 9 respectively by shallow hole blasting. After the bottom layer is formed, the top is continuously mined upward by shallow hole pressure, and the mining process uses a gas-leg rock drill to drill blast holes 12 for blasting.

[0052] In this embodiment, by reasonably controlling the layer height, personnel can mine each layer safely and efficiently, thereby achieving safe and efficient mining of each column 1.

[0053] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, when the pillar 1 is mined and the goaf is filled, the filling strength of the bottom 5-6m of the goaf and the top 5-6m of the goaf is 3-5Mpa, preferably 3Mpa. Specifically, each pillar 1 is filled immediately after the ore is mined, ensuring that the filling strength of the bottom 5-6m and the top 5-6m of the goaf reaches 3Mpa in 28 days, and the filling strength of the middle part meets the requirements of self-reinforcement.

[0054] In this embodiment, by controlling the filling strength of the bottom 5-6m of the goaf and the top 5-6m of the goaf, the overall strength of the filling is high, the overall stability of the mine is maintained, and the safety of personnel operations is improved. At the same time, the filling strength of the middle part is controlled to meet the requirements of self-support, which ensures that the filling process is completed quickly while playing a supporting role.

[0055] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the width of the pillar 1 is 6-10m, that is, the width of the stope is 6-10m, and the stope length, that is, the thickness of the ore body, is 10-12m. Specifically, the stope width is usually 6-8m. When the early exploration of the mine is not in place, resulting in the disorder of the early mining of the mine room stope and the inconsistency of the upper and lower ore body boundaries, the width of some parts of the stope reaches 10m, thus forming a stepped stope.

[0056] Please also read Figures 1 to 4According to one or more embodiments of the present application, the present application adopts a shallow hole blasting method, which has little disturbance to the surrounding rock, especially the unstable surrounding rock, during the excavation process, so that even if personnel mine the ore body in the mining area, it can be relatively safe, and compared with medium and deep hole mining, shallow hole mining can recover as much ore as possible from the pillar 1, so that the ore recovery rate is higher and the economic benefits of the mine are increased; on the basis of adopting shallow hole mining, the present application uses the original lower plate transportation tunnel 3 during the mining process, and excavates the upper plate transportation tunnel 2 in the upper plate surrounding rock 8, and at the same time, excavates the upper plate mining shaft 4 and the lower plate mining shaft 5 perpendicular to the direction of the ore body in the upper plate surrounding rock 8 and the lower plate surrounding rock 9 respectively, and mines the pillar 1 by excavating from the middle to both ends, with high mining efficiency, reducing the working time of personnel in the mining area, and further improving the safety of personnel.

[0057] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present application, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of mining with pillars, upper and lower walls, stepped ore retention and subsequent filling, wherein pillars and filling areas are arranged at intervals along the strike of the ore body, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, using the pillars as the stope, the stope width is the width of the pillars; S2, using the original lower plate transport tunnel, excavating the upper plate transport tunnel along the direction of the ore body in the upper plate surrounding rock of the ore body, the upper plate transport tunnel and the lower plate transport tunnel are both set at the bottom of the intermediate pillar; excavating the upper plate mining rise and the lower plate mining rise perpendicular to the direction of the ore body in the upper and lower plate surrounding rocks of the ore body respectively; excavating the layer connection road in each layer to connect different layers with the upper plate mining rise and the lower plate mining rise; S3, digging a ore-exiting vein in the middle of the bottom of the intermediate pillar to connect the upper plate transport tunnel and the lower plate transport tunnel, using the ore-exiting vein as the blasting surface, and blasting from the middle of the first layer to both ends to the upper plate surrounding rock and the lower plate surrounding rock respectively by shallow hole blasting; S4, mining the remaining layers from bottom to top in sequence until the pillars are mined out, and the mining of each layer is blasted from the middle to both ends, and the goaf is filled after the ore is mined out; S5. Repeat steps S1-S4 until all the pillars are mined.

2. The step-type ore-retaining and subsequent filling mining method of the intermediate pillar upper and lower wall ceiling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S3 also includes excavating an upper plate mining tunnel and a lower plate mining tunnel respectively; the upper plate mining tunnel connects the middle of the mining vein with the upper plate transport tunnel, and the lower plate mining tunnel connects the middle of the mining vein with the lower plate transport tunnel.

3. The step-type ore-retaining and subsequent filling mining method of the intermediate pillar upper and lower wall ceiling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The blast hole blasted by the shallow hole blasting method has a hole depth of 2-3m and a hole diameter of 30-50mm.

4. The step-type ore-retaining and subsequent filling mining method of the intermediate pillar upper and lower wall ceiling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: During the mining process, drilling is used to determine the thickness of the layer to be mined from the top of the mining area to the mining boundary.

5. The step-type ore-retaining and subsequent filling mining method of the intermediate pillar upper and lower wall ceiling according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When drilling reaches the stope boundary, a top pillar is reserved at the top of the stope.

6. The step-type ore-retaining and subsequent filling mining method of the intermediate pillar upper and lower wall ceiling according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The thickness of the top column is 4-5m.

7. The step-type ore-retaining and subsequent filling mining method with upper and lower wall shafts between pillars according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distance between the upper plate transport tunnel and the boundary of the intermediate pillars is 5-6m.

8. The step-type ore-retaining and subsequent filling mining method of pillar upper and lower wall ceilings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The height of the layer is 5-6m; the height of the ore-exiting vein is 3-4m.

9. The step-type ore-retaining and subsequent filling mining method of pillar upper and lower wall heights according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After the pillars are mined and the goaf is filled, the filling strength of the bottom 5-6m of the goaf and the top 5-6m of the goaf is 3-5Mpa.

10. The step-type ore-retaining and subsequent filling mining method with upper and lower wall shafts between pillars according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The width of the stope is 6-10m and the length of the stope is 10-12m.

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