Non-blasting drift type support judgment method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a non-blasting drift type support judgment method and system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring stress data of a roadway in a non-blasting drift type tunneling process; analyzing the stress data, and determining stress change and regional characteristics of the tunneling region; obtaining tunneling data, analyzing the tunneling data, and determining tunneling efficiency; according to the tunneling efficiency, the stress change and the regional characteristics, the roadway condition after tunneling is determined; and analyzing the condition of the tunnel after tunneling, determining whether the collapse possibility exists or not according to a condition analysis result, and carrying out corresponding support when the collapse possibility exists. Through analysis of stress data, tunneling efficiency and regional characteristics in the tunneling process, potential collapse risks are recognized and warned in advance, so that corresponding supporting measures are taken in time after tunneling, and the safety of mining workers is guaranteed. And equipment damage and casualty accidents caused by collapse are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a non-blasting approach support judgment method and system. Background Art

[0002] As underground mining continues to deepen, the safety and stability of tunnel excavation has become the focus of engineering and technical personnel. Traditional excavation methods, such as blasting excavation, can effectively expand the excavation space, but they are also accompanied by high safety risks and environmental damage. In order to reduce risks and improve mining efficiency, non-blasting approach excavation technology has emerged. This technology gradually excavates the tunnel through mechanical means, avoiding the damage to the surrounding environment and structure caused by blasting, and also reducing the risks of mining operations.

[0003] Although the non-explosive tunneling process is safer than blasting tunneling, it still faces a series of challenges, especially in judging the risk of collapse. These challenges not only directly threaten the safety of personnel and equipment, but may also have a significant impact on the progress and cost of the entire underground engineering project. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a non-blasting approach support judgment method and system to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a non-blasting approach support judgment method, the method comprising: Obtaining force data of the tunnel during non-explosive approach excavation; analyzing the force data to determine force changes and regional characteristics of the excavation area; Acquire excavation data, analyze the excavation data, and determine excavation efficiency; Determining the tunnel condition after excavation according to the excavation efficiency, the force change, and the regional characteristics; Analyze the tunnel conditions after excavation, determine whether there is a possibility of collapse based on the situation analysis results, and perform corresponding support when there is a possibility of collapse.

[0006] Through this solution, by analyzing the force data, excavation efficiency and regional characteristics during the excavation process, potential collapse risks can be identified and warned in advance, so that corresponding support measures can be taken in time after excavation to ensure the safety of mining workers. Effective risk prediction and support design can reduce equipment damage and casualties caused by collapse. According to the excavation efficiency and regional characteristics, the support plan can be optimized to reduce unnecessary support costs while ensuring the stability of the tunnel. Through accurate collapse risk assessment, precise support can be achieved, excessive support can be avoided, and project costs can be reduced.

[0007] Optionally, analyzing the force data to determine force changes and regional characteristics of the excavation area includes: Obtain the initial pressure recorded before excavation; Based on the initial pressure, analyzing the force data to determine the force change during the excavation process; Based on the force changes, real-time operation data of the tunnel boring machine is obtained; Analyzing the real-time operation data and the force changes to identify the geological changes in the real-time excavation area; Acquire and analyze geological images during excavation to determine geological details; Based on the geological changes and the geological details, regional characteristics of the excavation area are determined.

[0008] Through this solution, by analyzing the force data, the force changes of the surrounding rock during the excavation process can be accurately identified, so as to better evaluate the stability of the tunnel. Timely detection of force anomalies can help to adjust safety measures in time and reduce the risk of collapse. According to the force changes and regional characteristics, a more accurate support and mining operation plan can be formulated to improve the quality of mining operations. Timely identification of geological changes can reduce downtime caused by changes in geological conditions. By analyzing geological changes, potential collapse risks can be warned in advance to ensure personnel safety. By effectively preventing collapse accidents, the losses caused by accidents and repair costs can be reduced.

[0009] Optionally, the real-time operation data further includes motor power consumption data; and the step of analyzing the excavation data to determine the excavation efficiency includes: Analyze the excavation data to determine the real-time excavation speed of the tunnel boring machine and the real-time excavation angle change of the tunnel boring machine; The excavation efficiency is determined based on the motor power consumption data, the real-time excavation speed and the real-time excavation angle change.

[0010] Through this solution, by real-time monitoring of the excavation speed, the excavation parameters can be adjusted in time to ensure a smooth excavation process. Monitoring the change in excavation angle helps control the excavation direction and avoid deviation from the designed path. Combining the excavation speed, angle change and motor power consumption data, the stability of the tunnel can be judged more accurately and the risk of collapse can be reduced. Real-time monitoring data helps to detect abnormal conditions in time and warn of potential collapse risks in advance.

[0011] Optionally, analyzing the real-time operation data and the force changes to identify geological changes in the real-time excavation area includes: Analyze the real-time operation data to determine vibration change data and sound change data during the excavation process; Analyze the force changes to determine the real-time thrust changes and real-time torque changes of the tunnel boring machine; Comparing the real-time thrust change and the real-time torque change with a preset first mechanical change threshold and a preset second mechanical change threshold respectively; When the real-time thrust change exceeds the first mechanical change threshold and / or the real-time torque change exceeds the second mechanical change threshold, it is considered that the geological conditions have changed; The geological changes in the excavation area are identified based on the time series trends of the vibration change data, the sound change data, the real-time thrust change, and the real-time torque change.

[0012] Through this solution, by monitoring data such as vibration, sound, thrust and torque, it is possible to promptly detect signs of geological changes and give early warning of potential collapse risks, thereby improving the safety of mining operations. It reduces accidents caused by geological changes and protects the safety of mining workers. The identification of real-time geological changes helps to more accurately assess geological conditions. Once geological changes are detected, the mining operation team can quickly take measures to adjust excavation parameters or perform necessary reinforcement work. By comparing preset thresholds, the excavation process can be accurately controlled to avoid excessive force that may cause surrounding rock damage.

[0013] Optionally, determining the regional characteristics of the excavation area according to the geological changes and the geological details includes: Analyze the geological details to determine whether the rock and soil structure has changed due to mining; If it is determined that the rock and soil structure has changed, then according to the geological changes, the real-time thrust strength and the real-time torque strength at the geological details are determined; Determining the real-time vibration intensity of the tunnel boring machine according to the real-time operation data; The regional characteristics of the excavation area are determined according to the real-time thrust intensity, the real-time torque intensity, and the real-time vibration intensity.

[0014] Through this solution, by analyzing geological details, it is possible to more accurately determine whether the geotechnical structure has changed due to mining. Once the geological changes are identified, corresponding response measures can be taken immediately. By monitoring the real-time thrust strength and real-time torque strength, the tunneling parameters can be adjusted according to the monitoring results to adapt to the geological changes; by determining the real-time vibration intensity of the tunnel boring machine, the impact of vibration on the geotechnical structure can be better controlled. Reduce the damage to the geotechnical structure caused by excessive vibration.

[0015] Optionally, determining the regional characteristics of the excavation area according to the real-time thrust strength, the real-time torque strength, and the real-time vibration strength includes: Establishing a plurality of real-time data and a plurality of real-time data and regional characteristic models according to the real-time thrust strength, the real-time torque strength and the real-time vibration strength; The indicators in the real-time data and regional characteristic model include: rock strength, rock hardness, and rock brittleness; The real-time data and regional characteristic models are calculated according to the following formula: ; in, It is an indicator of rock strength in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the index of rock strength; is the coefficient of thrust strength to rock strength; is the thrust strength; is the coefficient of torque strength to rock strength; is the torque strength; is the coefficient of the vibration intensity to the index of rock strength; is the vibration intensity; is the error term of the rock strength index; It is an indicator of rock hardness in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the index of rock hardness; is the coefficient of thrust hardness to rock hardness; is the coefficient of the torsion hardness to the index of rock hardness; is the coefficient of the index of vibration hardness to rock hardness; is the error term of the index of rock hardness; It is an indicator of rock brittleness in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the indicator of rock brittleness; is the coefficient of thrust brittleness to rock brittleness; is the coefficient of torsional brittleness to rock brittleness; is the coefficient of vibration brittleness to rock brittleness index; is the error term of the rock brittleness indicator.

[0016] Through this solution, by real-time monitoring of thrust, torque and vibration data, the risk under current geological conditions can be more accurately assessed; the model can dynamically adjust the risk assessment based on real-time data to improve the accuracy of the prediction; the model can identify signs of geological changes that may cause collapse in advance; based on the evaluation results of the model, safer and more reasonable mining operation decisions can be made. The risk of accidents can be reduced by controlling the excavation parameters such as thrust, torque and vibration intensity. According to the regional characteristics provided by the model, the excavation parameters can be optimized to improve the efficiency of mining operations; by reducing safety accidents and mining operation interruptions, the project cost can be reduced.

[0017] Optionally, before obtaining the force data during the excavation process, the method further includes: Obtain and analyze tunnel exploration data, and determine tunnel structure and geotechnical characteristics based on data analysis results; Establishing a three-dimensional model for predicting tunnel risks according to the tunnel structure and the geotechnical characteristics; Import the tunnel boring machine data used in this excavation into the three-dimensional model of tunnel risk prediction to simulate the excavation process and perform virtual excavation; According to the process simulation of virtual excavation, the real-time stress distribution and real-time deformation of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process are determined; Determining the stability of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process according to the real-time stress distribution and the real-time deformation; It is determined whether there is a possibility of collapse during the excavation process based on the stability of the tunnel, and corresponding support is carried out when there is a possibility of collapse.

[0018] Through this solution, by acquiring and analyzing tunnel exploration data, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of underground geotechnical conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of risk prediction. Early simulation and prediction can reduce reliance on unknown geological conditions and reduce uncertainty. By simulating the excavation process, geological features and conditions that may cause collapse can be identified in advance and preventive measures can be taken. Through simulation, emergency plans can be formulated in advance to improve the ability to respond to sudden accidents. In the event of an accident, we can respond quickly and take effective measures.

[0019] Optionally, the determining of the real-time stress distribution and real-time deformation of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process according to the virtual excavation process simulation includes: According to the tunnel boring machine data, tunnel boring data is set and an actual tunnel boring method is simulated; According to the excavation data and the excavation method, the excavation process is simulated step by step; According to the excavation process, determining the displacement field and plastic zone distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock during the virtual excavation process; Analyze and simulate the displacement field and plastic zone distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock during excavation to determine potential damage areas; Establishing a real-time stress distribution map of the surrounding rock of the tunnel according to the tunnel exploration data; The stability of the tunnel is evaluated based on the potential damage area and the real-time stress distribution map.

[0020] Through this solution, through simulation, areas that may cause collapse can be identified in advance, so that preventive measures can be taken, mining operation strategies can be adjusted in time, and mining operation safety can be improved. According to the simulation results, the tunnel design and support scheme can be optimized to improve the rationality of mining operation design. By predicting potential problems, accidents and downtime during mining operations can be reduced, reducing costs.

[0021] Optionally, determining the tunnel stability during the virtual excavation process according to the real-time stress distribution and the real-time deformation condition includes: Analyzing the real-time stress distribution to determine stress gradient changes; Comparing the stress of each stress concentration point in the real-time stress distribution with a preset safety stress threshold; Analyze the real-time deformation to determine the accumulated deformation; Based on the accumulated deformation, identifying whether there are signs of tunnel instability; If the stress gradient change exceeds the preset gradient change threshold and / or the stress at the stress concentration point exceeds the preset safety stress threshold and / or there are signs of tunnel instability, it is considered that the tunnel stability during the virtual excavation process is poor and requires early support.

[0022] Through this solution, by real-time monitoring and analysis of stress distribution and deformation, potential risks can be predicted in advance, so that measures can be taken to prevent accidents. When stress gradient changes or stress concentration points are found to be exceeded, support measures can be taken immediately to reduce the risk of accidents. The design is adjusted according to real-time data, and the support structure and mining operation methods are optimized to improve the long-term stability of the roadway. By preventing potential accidents and damage, the cost of repair and reconstruction is reduced.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application provides a non-blasting approach support judgment system, the system comprising: A force analysis module is used to obtain force data of the roadheader during non-explosive approach tunneling; analyze the force data to determine force changes and regional characteristics of the tunneling area; An efficiency analysis module, used to obtain excavation data, analyze the excavation data, and determine the excavation efficiency; A stability assessment module, used to determine the tunnel condition after excavation according to the excavation efficiency, the force change, and the regional characteristics; The support decision module is used to analyze the tunnel conditions after excavation, determine whether there is a possibility of collapse based on the situation analysis results, and perform corresponding support when there is a possibility of collapse.

[0024] Optionally, when the force analysis module analyzes the force data to determine the force change and the regional characteristics of the excavation area, it is used to: Obtain the initial pressure recorded before excavation; Based on the initial pressure, analyzing the force data to determine the force change during the excavation process; Based on the force changes, real-time operation data of the tunnel boring machine is obtained; Analyzing the real-time operation data and the force changes to identify the geological changes in the real-time excavation area; Acquire and analyze geological images during excavation to determine geological details; Based on the geological changes and the geological details, regional characteristics of the excavation area are determined.

[0025] Optionally, the real-time operation data also includes motor power consumption data; when the efficiency analysis module analyzes the excavation data to determine the excavation efficiency, it is used to: Analyze the excavation data to determine the real-time excavation speed of the tunnel boring machine and the real-time excavation angle change of the tunnel boring machine; The excavation efficiency is determined based on the motor power consumption data, the real-time excavation speed and the real-time excavation angle change.

[0026] Optionally, when the force analysis module analyzes the real-time operation data and the force changes and identifies the geological changes in the real-time excavation area, it is used to: Analyze the real-time operation data to determine vibration change data and sound change data during the excavation process; Analyze the force changes to determine the real-time thrust changes and real-time torque changes of the tunnel boring machine; Comparing the real-time thrust change and the real-time torque change with a preset first mechanical change threshold and a preset second mechanical change threshold respectively; When the real-time thrust change exceeds the first mechanical change threshold and / or the real-time torque change exceeds the second mechanical change threshold, it is considered that the geological conditions have changed; The geological changes in the excavation area are identified based on the time series trends of the vibration change data, the sound change data, the real-time thrust change, and the real-time torque change.

[0027] Optionally, when the force analysis module determines the regional characteristics of the excavation area according to the geological changes and the geological details, it is used to: Analyze the geological details to determine whether the rock and soil structure has changed due to mining; If it is determined that the rock and soil structure has changed, then according to the geological changes, the real-time thrust strength and the real-time torque strength at the geological details are determined; Determining the real-time vibration intensity of the tunnel boring machine according to the real-time operation data; The regional characteristics of the excavation area are determined according to the real-time thrust intensity, the real-time torque intensity, and the real-time vibration intensity.

[0028] Optionally, when the force analysis module determines the regional characteristics of the excavation area according to the real-time thrust strength, the real-time torque strength and the real-time vibration strength, it is used to: Establishing a plurality of real-time data and a plurality of real-time data and regional characteristic models according to the real-time thrust strength, the real-time torque strength and the real-time vibration strength; The indicators in the real-time data and regional characteristic model include: rock strength, rock hardness, and rock brittleness; The real-time data and regional characteristic models are calculated according to the following formula: ; in, It is an indicator of rock strength in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the index of rock strength; is the coefficient of thrust strength to rock strength; is the thrust strength; is the coefficient of torque strength to rock strength; is the torque strength; is the coefficient of the vibration intensity to the index of rock strength; is the vibration intensity; is the error term of the rock strength index; It is an indicator of rock hardness in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the index of rock hardness; is the coefficient of thrust hardness to rock hardness; is the coefficient of the torsion hardness to the index of rock hardness; is the coefficient of the index of vibration hardness to rock hardness; is the error term of the index of rock hardness; It is an indicator of rock brittleness in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the indicator of rock brittleness; is the coefficient of thrust brittleness to rock brittleness; is the coefficient of torsional brittleness to rock brittleness; is the coefficient of vibration brittleness to rock brittleness index; is the error term of the rock brittleness indicator.

[0029] Optionally, the non-blasting approach support judgment system further includes a support analysis module, which is used to: Obtain and analyze tunnel exploration data, and determine tunnel structure and geotechnical characteristics based on data analysis results; Establishing a three-dimensional model for predicting tunnel risks according to the tunnel structure and the geotechnical characteristics; Import the tunnel boring machine data used in this excavation into the three-dimensional model of tunnel risk prediction to simulate the excavation process and perform virtual excavation; According to the process simulation of virtual excavation, the real-time stress distribution and real-time deformation of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process are determined; Determining the stability of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process according to the real-time stress distribution and the real-time deformation; It is determined whether there is a possibility of collapse during the excavation process based on the stability of the tunnel, and corresponding support is carried out when there is a possibility of collapse.

[0030] Optionally, when the support analysis module determines the real-time stress distribution and real-time deformation of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process based on the virtual excavation process simulation, it is used to: According to the tunnel boring machine data, tunnel boring data is set and an actual tunnel boring method is simulated; According to the excavation data and the excavation method, the excavation process is simulated step by step; According to the excavation process, determining the displacement field and plastic zone distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock during the virtual excavation process; Analyze and simulate the displacement field and plastic zone distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock during excavation to determine potential damage areas; Establishing a real-time stress distribution map of the surrounding rock of the tunnel according to the tunnel exploration data; The stability of the tunnel is evaluated based on the potential damage area and the real-time stress distribution map.

[0031] Optionally, when the support analysis module determines the stability of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process according to the real-time stress distribution and the real-time deformation, it is used to: Analyzing the real-time stress distribution to determine stress gradient changes; Comparing the stress of each stress concentration point in the real-time stress distribution with a preset safety stress threshold; Analyze the real-time deformation to determine the accumulated deformation; Based on the accumulated deformation, identifying whether there are signs of tunnel instability; If the stress gradient change exceeds the preset gradient change threshold and / or the stress at the stress concentration point exceeds the preset safety stress threshold and / or there are signs of tunnel instability, it is considered that the tunnel stability during the virtual excavation process is poor and requires early support. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an application scenario provided for an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A flowchart of a non-blasting approach support determination method provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a non-blasting approach support judgment system provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] In addition, the term "and / or" in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article, unless otherwise specified, generally means that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0036] The embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the specification.

[0037] Although the non-explosive tunneling process is safer than blasting tunneling, it still faces a series of challenges, especially in judging the risk of collapse. These challenges not only directly threaten the safety of personnel and equipment, but may also have a significant impact on the progress and cost of the entire underground engineering project.

[0038] Based on this, the present application provides a non-blasting approach support judgment method and system, which obtains the force data of the tunnel boring machine during the non-blasting approach excavation process; analyzes the force data to determine the force change and the regional characteristics of the excavation area; obtains the excavation data, analyzes the excavation data, and determines the excavation efficiency; determines the tunnel situation after excavation according to the excavation efficiency, the force change, and the regional characteristics; analyzes the tunnel situation after excavation, and determines whether there is a possibility of collapse according to the situation analysis results, and performs corresponding support when there is a possibility of collapse. By analyzing the force data, excavation efficiency and regional characteristics during the excavation process, potential collapse risks can be identified and warned in advance, so that corresponding support measures can be taken in time after excavation to ensure the safety of mining workers. Effective risk prediction and support design can reduce equipment damage and casualties caused by collapse. According to the excavation efficiency and regional characteristics, the support plan can be optimized to reduce unnecessary support costs while ensuring the stability of the tunnel. Through accurate collapse risk assessment, accurate support can be achieved, excessive support can be avoided, and engineering costs can be reduced.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an application scenario provided for the present application. In the process of underground mining, the method provided by the present application is applied. Specifically, the method provided by the present application is applied to any server, and the server interacts with the data monitoring system to obtain the force data in the data monitoring system in real time, which can immediately respond to changes in the mining operation and improve the real-time performance of the mining operation. By analyzing the force data and excavation data, equipment wear and failure can be predicted and maintenance can be performed in advance. According to different regional characteristics, targeted support plans can be designed to improve the pertinence of mining operations. For specific implementation methods, please refer to the following embodiments.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a non-blasting approach support judgment method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method of this embodiment can be applied to the server in the above scenario. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes: S201. Obtaining force data of the tunnel during non-explosive approach excavation; analyzing the force data to determine force changes and regional characteristics of the excavation area.

[0041] Non-explosive tunneling is a method of tunnel excavation without using blasting means. It gradually expands the underground space through mechanized methods such as drilling and cutting.

[0042] The force data can be the physical quantity of the interaction between machinery and rock collected by sensors installed in the tunnel during non-explosive approach excavation.

[0043] The force change can be the dynamic change of the force data during the excavation process.

[0044] The excavation area may be a specific underground space where non-explosive excavation operations are being carried out, such as a tunnel, a mining face, etc.

[0045] The zone characteristics may be the physical and mechanical properties of the rock and soil within the excavation zone that are critical to assessing the stability of the excavation process.

[0046] Specifically, various sensors, such as pressure gauges, strain gauges, accelerometers, etc., are installed in the tunnel to monitor the stress conditions in real time. During the excavation process, the sensors collect stress data in real time, including stress, strain, and displacement. The data collected by the sensors are transmitted to the ground control center wirelessly or wired. The collected data is filtered and calibrated to remove noise and erroneous data. The trend of stress data is analyzed to determine the law of stress change. Combined with geological exploration data, the stress data is analyzed to infer the regional characteristics of the excavation area, such as rock strength, hardness, and brittleness.

[0047] S202: Acquire excavation data, analyze the excavation data, and determine excavation efficiency.

[0048] Excavation data can be various parameters and information about excavation operations collected during the excavation process and used to monitor the excavation process, evaluate excavation efficiency, analyze excavation area characteristics, and predict potential risks.

[0049] Excavation efficiency can be the ratio of the output to the input of the excavation operation, usually measured by the excavation volume or length completed per unit time.

[0050] Specifically, the excavation data such as excavation speed and motor power consumption are collected. The excavation efficiency is calculated based on the collected data, such as the excavation volume per unit time and energy consumption ratio.

[0051] S203. Determine the tunnel condition after excavation based on excavation efficiency, force changes, and regional characteristics.

[0052] Tunnel conditions can be a general term for the internal environment and structural status of the tunnel during and after the tunneling process of the tunnel boring machine in mining projects.

[0053] Specifically, the stability of the tunnel is evaluated by comprehensively considering the stress changes, regional characteristics and excavation efficiency. Based on the stability evaluation results, the condition of the tunnel after excavation is determined, including whether support needs to be strengthened.

[0054] S204, analyzing the tunnel conditions after excavation, and determining whether there is a possibility of collapse based on the situation analysis results, and performing corresponding support when there is a possibility of collapse.

[0055] Collapse may be a phenomenon in which the surrounding rock of the tunnel collapses or slides due to the impact of excavation during underground mining.

[0056] The corresponding support can be the engineering measures taken to maintain the stability and safety of the tunnel after the risk of collapse is identified, including: temporary support, permanent support, grouting reinforcement, prestressed support, etc.

[0057] Specifically, the risk of tunnel collapse is predicted using machine learning or expert systems. According to the risk prediction results, the corresponding support plan is designed. During the excavation process, support measures are implemented according to the actual situation, and the support effect is continuously monitored. According to the monitoring data and analysis results, the support plan is adjusted and optimized.

[0058] Through this solution, by analyzing the force data, excavation efficiency and regional characteristics during the excavation process, potential collapse risks can be identified and warned in advance, so that corresponding support measures can be taken in time after excavation to ensure the safety of mining workers. Effective risk prediction and support design can reduce equipment damage and casualties caused by collapse. According to the excavation efficiency and regional characteristics, the support plan can be optimized to reduce unnecessary support costs while ensuring the stability of the tunnel. Through accurate collapse risk assessment, precise support can be achieved, excessive support can be avoided, and project costs can be reduced.

[0059] In some embodiments, an initial pressure recorded before excavation is obtained; based on the initial pressure, force data is analyzed to determine force changes during excavation; based on force changes, real-time operation data of the tunnel boring machine is obtained; real-time operation data and force changes are analyzed to identify geological changes in the real-time excavation area; geological images during the excavation process are obtained and analyzed to determine geological details; and regional characteristics of the excavation area are determined based on geological changes and geological details.

[0060] The initial pressure can be the original ground stress state of the tunnel surrounding rock before excavation operations are carried out.

[0061] The stress change can be the change in the stress state of the tunnel surrounding rock due to the influence of the excavation operation during the excavation process.

[0062] Real-time operation data can be various parameters and status information generated by the tunnel boring machine during the tunneling process.

[0063] Geological changes can be changes in the geological conditions around the tunnel due to the influence of excavation operations during the excavation process.

[0064] The geological image can be image data of the geological conditions around the tunnel obtained by means of geological radar, laser scanning, camera, etc.

[0065] Geological details may be specific characteristics of the geological conditions surrounding the roadway.

[0066] Specifically, sensors are installed on and near the tunnel boring machine to monitor the force changes during the tunneling process. During the tunneling process, force data are collected in real time, including the reaction force, stress, strain, etc. of the rock on the tunnel boring machine. Using data analysis software, the initial pressure data and real-time force data are compared to determine the force changes. Real-time operation data of the tunnel boring machine, such as speed, power, cutting depth, propulsion, etc., are collected. The force data is integrated with the operation data of the tunnel boring machine to obtain more comprehensive information about the tunneling process. Force data and operation data are analyzed to identify trends that may indicate geological changes, such as stress concentration, vibration frequency changes, etc. Based on the identification results of geological changes, the impact of changes in geological conditions on the stability of the tunnel is evaluated. Geological images during the tunneling process are obtained using geological radar, laser scanning or other image acquisition technologies. The collected geological images are analyzed in detail to determine geological details, such as the bedding of rock layers, crack distribution, etc. Based on geological images and force data, the geological characteristics of the tunneling area are described, including rock type, strength, structure, etc. Combined with geological changes and geological characteristics, the stability of the tunneling area is comprehensively evaluated. Based on the results of the stability assessment, decide whether additional support measures are needed and what support plan to adopt.

[0067] Through this solution, by analyzing the force data, the force changes of the surrounding rock during the excavation process can be accurately identified, so as to better evaluate the stability of the tunnel. Timely detection of force anomalies helps to adjust safety measures in time and reduce the risk of collapse. According to the force changes and regional characteristics, more accurate support and mining operation plans can be formulated to improve the quality of mining operations. Timely identification of geological changes can reduce downtime caused by changes in geological conditions. By analyzing geological changes, potential collapse risks can be warned in advance to ensure personnel safety. By effectively preventing collapse accidents, the losses caused by accidents and repair costs can be reduced.

[0068] In some embodiments, the excavation data is analyzed to determine the real-time excavation speed of the tunnel boring machine and the real-time excavation angle change of the tunnel boring machine; the excavation efficiency is determined based on the motor power consumption data, the real-time excavation speed and the real-time excavation angle change.

[0069] The real-time excavation speed may be the instant forward speed of the tunnel boring machine during the excavation process.

[0070] The real-time excavation angle change may be the deviation change of the excavation direction of the tunnel boring machine relative to the initial design direction during the excavation process.

[0071] The motor power consumption data may be the electric energy data consumed by the motor of the tunnel boring machine during operation.

[0072] Specifically, various sensors are installed on the tunnel boring machine, including speed sensors, angle sensors, power sensors, etc. During the tunneling process, data such as tunneling speed, tunneling angle, and motor power consumption are collected in real time. The real-time data is analyzed and processed using a data acquisition system. The tunneling speed information is extracted from the sensor data and its changing trend is analyzed. The real-time tunneling angle of the tunnel boring machine is analyzed, including changes in horizontal and vertical angles. The motor power consumption data is analyzed to determine the load of the motor during the tunneling process. The relationship between the motor power consumption and the tunneling speed is determined to determine the motor efficiency. The tunneling efficiency is calculated based on the motor power consumption, tunneling speed, and tunneling angle.

[0073] Through this solution, by real-time monitoring of the excavation speed, the excavation parameters can be adjusted in time to ensure a smooth excavation process. Monitoring the change in excavation angle helps control the excavation direction and avoid deviation from the designed path. Combining the excavation speed, angle change and motor power consumption data, the stability of the tunnel can be judged more accurately and the risk of collapse can be reduced. Real-time monitoring data helps to detect abnormal conditions in time and warn of potential collapse risks in advance.

[0074] In some embodiments, real-time operation data is analyzed to determine vibration change data and sound change data during the excavation process; force changes are analyzed to determine real-time thrust changes and real-time torque changes of the tunnel boring machine; the real-time thrust changes and real-time torque changes are compared with a preset first mechanical change threshold and a second mechanical change threshold, respectively; when the real-time thrust change exceeds the first mechanical change threshold and / or the real-time torque change exceeds the second mechanical change threshold, it is considered that the geological conditions have changed; based on the time series trends of the vibration change data, the sound change data, the real-time thrust change and the real-time torque change, the geological changes in the excavation area are identified.

[0075] The vibration change data may be a signal generated by vibration of the tunnel boring machine or surrounding rock during the tunneling process.

[0076] Sound change data can be: Sound signals generated by rock crushing, mechanical operation, etc. during excavation The real-time thrust change can be the change of the thrust generated by the propulsion system of the tunnel boring machine over time during the tunneling process.

[0077] The real-time torque variation can be the variation over time of the torque generated by the rotating cutter or drill bit during the tunneling process of the tunnel boring machine.

[0078] The first mechanical change threshold may be a set reference value. When the real-time thrust change exceeds this value, it indicates that there may be geological changes, which are stored in a preset database.

[0079] The second mechanical change threshold may be a set reference value. When the real-time torque change exceeds this value, it indicates that there may be geological changes, which are stored in a preset database.

[0080] The geological conditions may be the rock type, structure, stress state and other geological characteristics of the area where the underground project is located.

[0081] A time series trend can be a regularity or pattern of change exhibited by a data series that changes over time.

[0082] Specifically, the change trend of vibration data is analyzed to identify the change of vibration intensity, which is related to the change of rock hardness or structure. The change trend of sound data is analyzed, and the change of sound reflects the change of rock crushing or cutting difficulty. The change data of thrust and torque are analyzed, and the change of thrust and torque is related to the strength of rock, the location of cracks or faults. According to geological conditions and excavation experience, the first mechanical change threshold (thrust change threshold) and the second mechanical change threshold (torque change threshold) are preset; the real-time thrust change and real-time torque change are compared with the preset mechanical change threshold. When the real-time thrust change exceeds the first mechanical change threshold and / or the real-time torque change exceeds the second mechanical change threshold, the geological condition change alarm is triggered. Combined with the time series trend of vibration change data, sound change data, real-time thrust change and real-time torque change, the geological changes in the excavation area are comprehensively analyzed. Through analysis, the geological changes in the excavation area, such as changes in rock hardness, cracks or faults, are identified.

[0083] Through this solution, by monitoring data such as vibration, sound, thrust and torque, it is possible to promptly detect signs of geological changes and give early warning of potential collapse risks, thereby improving the safety of mining operations. It reduces accidents caused by geological changes and protects the safety of mining workers. The identification of real-time geological changes helps to more accurately assess geological conditions. Once geological changes are detected, the mining operation team can quickly take measures to adjust excavation parameters or perform necessary reinforcement work. By comparing preset thresholds, the excavation process can be accurately controlled to avoid excessive force that may cause surrounding rock damage.

[0084] In some embodiments, the geological details are analyzed to determine whether the rock and soil structure has changed due to mining; if it is determined that the rock and soil structure has changed, the real-time thrust strength and real-time torque strength at the geological details are determined based on the geological changes; the real-time vibration strength of the tunnel boring machine is determined based on the real-time operation data; and the regional characteristics of the tunneling area are determined based on the real-time thrust strength, real-time torque strength and real-time vibration strength.

[0085] Geotechnical structure can be the physical and geometric organization of rocks and soil in underground engineering or geological bodies; including: rock stratification, joints, cracks, faults, etc.; soil particle composition, density, permeability, etc.

[0086] The real-time thrust intensity may be the magnitude of the thrust applied by the propulsion system of the tunnel boring machine on the rock or soil during non-explosive approach tunneling.

[0087] Real-time torque intensity can be the amount of torque generated when rotating the cutter or drill bit during non-explosive tunneling.

[0088] The real-time vibration intensity can be the vibration amplitude generated by the tunnel boring machine and its working parts (such as drill bits and cutters) during the tunneling process.

[0089] Specifically, compare the current geological details with the original geological data or previous monitoring data to analyze whether the geotechnical structure has changed; through comparative analysis, identify changes in the geotechnical structure, such as reduced rock strength and increased cracks. Monitor the thrust strength and torque strength in real time through sensors on the tunnel boring machine in the geological change area. Analyze the data collected by the sensors to determine the real-time thrust strength and real-time torque strength. Monitor the vibration intensity during the tunneling process through vibration sensors. Analyze the vibration data to determine the real-time vibration intensity. Compare the real-time thrust strength and real-time torque strength with the preset threshold or historical data. Consider the impact of real-time vibration intensity on regional stability. Combine real-time mechanical parameters and vibration intensity, as well as geological change information, to comprehensively evaluate the regional characteristics of the tunneling area. According to the evaluation results, classify the regional characteristics, such as stable areas, unstable areas, high-risk areas, etc.

[0090] Through this solution, by analyzing geological details, it is possible to more accurately determine whether the geotechnical structure has changed due to mining. Once the geological changes are identified, corresponding response measures can be taken immediately. By monitoring the real-time thrust strength and real-time torque strength, the tunneling parameters can be adjusted according to the monitoring results to adapt to the geological changes; by determining the real-time vibration intensity of the tunnel boring machine, the impact of vibration on the geotechnical structure can be better controlled. Reduce the damage to the geotechnical structure caused by excessive vibration.

[0091] In some embodiments, a number of real-time data and regional characteristic models are established based on the real-time thrust strength, the real-time torque strength and the real-time vibration strength; the indicators in the number of real-time data and regional characteristic models include: rock strength, rock hardness, rock brittleness; Several real-time data and regional characteristic models are calculated according to the following formula (1): (1) in, It is an indicator of rock strength in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the index of rock strength; is the coefficient of thrust strength to rock strength; is the thrust strength; is the coefficient of torque strength to rock strength; is the torque strength; is the coefficient of the vibration intensity to the index of rock strength; is the vibration intensity; is the error term of the rock strength index; It is an indicator of rock hardness in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the index of rock hardness; is the coefficient of thrust hardness to rock hardness; is the coefficient of the torsion hardness to the index of rock hardness; is the coefficient of the index of vibration hardness to rock hardness; is the error term of the index of rock hardness; It is an indicator of rock brittleness in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the indicator of rock brittleness; is the coefficient of thrust brittleness to rock brittleness; is the coefficient of torsional brittleness to rock brittleness; is the coefficient of vibration brittleness to rock brittleness index; is the error term of the rock brittleness indicator.

[0092] Specifically, the collected data is preprocessed, including removing outliers and filling missing values. Based on geological and geotechnical engineering knowledge, select characteristics related to rock strength, hardness, and brittleness, such as thrust, torque, vibration, etc. Design several real-time data and regional characteristic models, including formulas for calculating rock strength, hardness, and brittleness indicators. Determine the coefficients and intercepts in the model. These parameters can be obtained through historical data or field experiments. Apply the above formula (1) to calculate the rock strength, hardness, and brittleness indicators based on the real-time thrust strength, real-time torque strength, and real-time vibration strength. Evaluate the stability of the excavation area based on the calculated characteristic indicators; compare the regional characteristic indicators with the pre-set risk level standards to divide the risk level. Take corresponding safety measures for areas with different risk levels, such as strengthening support.

[0093] Through this solution, by real-time monitoring of thrust, torque and vibration data, the risk under current geological conditions can be more accurately assessed; the model can dynamically adjust the risk assessment based on real-time data to improve the accuracy of the prediction; the model can identify signs of geological changes that may cause collapse in advance; based on the evaluation results of the model, safer and more reasonable mining operation decisions can be made. The risk of accidents can be reduced by controlling the excavation parameters such as thrust, torque and vibration intensity. According to the regional characteristics provided by the model, the excavation parameters can be optimized to improve the efficiency of mining operations; by reducing safety accidents and mining operation interruptions, the project cost can be reduced.

[0094] In some embodiments, tunnel exploration data is acquired and analyzed, and the tunnel structure and geotechnical characteristics are determined based on the data analysis results; a three-dimensional model for tunnel risk prediction is established based on the tunnel structure and geotechnical characteristics; the tunnel boring machine data used for this excavation is imported into the three-dimensional model for tunnel risk prediction to simulate the excavation process and perform virtual excavation; based on the virtual excavation process simulation, the real-time stress distribution and real-time deformation of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process are determined; based on the real-time stress distribution and real-time deformation, the stability of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process is determined; based on the stability of the tunnel, it is determined whether there is a possibility of collapse during the excavation process, and corresponding support is performed when there is a possibility of collapse.

[0095] Tunnel exploration data can be information about the geological conditions around the tunnel obtained through geological exploration, geophysical exploration, drilling and other means before tunnel excavation.

[0096] The tunnel structure can be the geometric shape, size, support method, etc. of the tunnel. It includes the cross-sectional shape (such as circular, rectangular, horseshoe, etc.), size (width and height), support materials and methods (such as anchors, shotcrete, steel supports, etc.) of the tunnel.

[0097] Geotechnical characteristics can be the physical and mechanical properties of rocks and soils around the tunnel, including strength, hardness, brittleness, permeability, compressibility, shear strength, etc.

[0098] The tunnel risk prediction three-dimensional model can be a three-dimensional computer model that simulates the risks that may be encountered during tunnel excavation.

[0099] Virtual tunneling can be the process of tunneling in a virtual environment using computer simulation technology.

[0100] Real-time stress distribution can be the change of stress inside the rock mass and around the tunnel with time and space during the tunnel excavation process.

[0101] The real-time deformation situation can be the deformation change of rock and soil and the tunnel itself with time and space during the tunnel excavation process.

[0102] Tunnel stability can be the ability of the tunnel to maintain structural integrity and safety during excavation and use.

[0103] Specifically, although the early warning of real-time mining data during the mining process can provide guidance on the risks of the tunnel after mining, it cannot avoid sudden accidents during the mining process. Therefore, data simulation and prediction are required before mining. Therefore, detailed geological surveys are required, including geological exploration, geophysical exploration and drilling. Collect rock and soil samples around the tunnel and test their physical and mechanical properties. Use ground measurement technologies such as geological radar and seismic exploration to obtain detailed information on underground rock and soil structures. Organize exploration data, including physical and mechanical properties of rock and soil samples, geological structure maps, etc. Analyze data to identify the structural characteristics of the tunnel, such as rock layer thickness, joint and fissure distribution, etc. Describe rock and soil characteristics, such as rock type, strength, hardness, brittleness, etc. According to the analysis results, establish a three-dimensional geological model, including the geometric shape and physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil body around the tunnel. Set the boundary conditions and initial conditions of the model, such as stress distribution, water pressure, etc. Determine risk prediction indicators, such as stability coefficient, collapse probability, etc. Collect performance parameters of the tunnel boring machine, such as thrust, torque, vibration, etc. Use professional simulation software to import the parameters of the tunnel boring machine into the 3D model. Perform virtual tunneling simulation to simulate the stress changes and deformation of the rock and soil during the tunneling process. Analyze the stress distribution during the virtual tunneling process to determine the maximum stress and stress concentration area. Monitor the deformation of the rock and soil, including displacement, settlement, etc. Record and analyze the stress distribution and deformation data to evaluate the stability of the rock and soil. Evaluate the stability of the tunnel based on the stress distribution and deformation data. Determine the risk level, including low risk, medium risk and high risk. Based on the stability assessment results, predict whether there is a possibility of collapse. Design corresponding support schemes, such as anchors, brackets, shotcrete, etc. Verify the effectiveness of the support scheme through simulation.

[0104] Through this solution, by acquiring and analyzing tunnel exploration data, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of underground geotechnical conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of risk prediction. Early simulation and prediction can reduce reliance on unknown geological conditions and reduce uncertainty. By simulating the excavation process, geological features and conditions that may cause collapse can be identified in advance and preventive measures can be taken. Through simulation, emergency plans can be formulated in advance to improve the ability to respond to sudden accidents. In the event of an accident, we can respond quickly and take effective measures.

[0105] In some embodiments, based on the tunnel boring machine data, the tunneling data is set and the actual tunneling method is simulated; according to the tunneling data and the tunneling method, the tunneling process is simulated step by step; based on the tunneling process, the displacement field and the plastic zone distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock during the virtual tunneling process are determined; the displacement field and the plastic zone distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock during the simulated tunneling process are analyzed to determine the potential damage area; based on the tunnel exploration data, a real-time stress distribution map of the tunnel surrounding rock is established; based on the potential damage area and the real-time stress distribution map, the stability of the tunnel is evaluated.

[0106] Excavation data can be various parameters and indicators used to control and guide excavation operations during tunnel excavation.

[0107] The excavation method can be the specific technical means and process flow used in tunnel excavation.

[0108] The excavation process can be the process from the beginning of excavation to the formation of the tunnel.

[0109] The tunnel surrounding rock can be the rock and soil surrounding the tunnel.

[0110] The displacement field can be the displacement of the surrounding rock caused by stress changes during tunnel excavation.

[0111] The plastic zone distribution can be the area where permanent deformation occurs in the surrounding rock due to stress exceeding its yield limit during tunnel excavation.

[0112] Potential damage areas may be areas where collapse, fracture or other damage may occur during tunneling.

[0113] The real-time stress distribution diagram can be a diagram showing the changes in the stress of the surrounding rock over time and space during the tunnel excavation process. It can help mining workers understand the stress state of the surrounding rock in real time and take corresponding measures accordingly.

[0114] Specifically, according to the actual tunnel boring machine data, the tunneling parameters are set, including tunneling speed, thrust, torque, vibration frequency, etc. According to the tunnel geological conditions and design requirements, the appropriate tunneling method is selected, such as full-section tunneling, partial-section tunneling, etc. Initialize the tunneling parameters and tunneling methods in the tunnel risk prediction three-dimensional model. According to the set tunneling parameters and methods, the tunneling process is simulated step by step, including the influence of each tunneling step length. Analyze the displacement field of the tunnel surrounding rock during the simulation process and determine the displacement distribution. The plastic zone distribution of the surrounding rock is identified through the simulation results, that is, the permanent deformation area of ​​the surrounding rock due to stress exceeding its yield strength. According to the geotechnical mechanical response during the virtual tunneling process, the real-time stress distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock is calculated. The real-time stress distribution diagram of the tunnel surrounding rock is drawn to show the stress magnitude and direction. Combined with the displacement field, plastic zone distribution and stress distribution diagram, the stability of the tunnel is evaluated. Determine the potential damage area and evaluate the collapse risk level. According to the evaluation results, design targeted support schemes, such as anchors, steel supports, shotcrete, etc.

[0115] Through this solution, through simulation, areas that may cause collapse can be identified in advance, so that preventive measures can be taken, mining operation strategies can be adjusted in time, and mining operation safety can be improved. According to the simulation results, the tunnel design and support scheme can be optimized to improve the rationality of mining operation design. By predicting potential problems, accidents and downtime during mining operations can be reduced, reducing costs.

[0116] In some embodiments, the real-time stress distribution is analyzed to determine the stress gradient change; the stress of each stress concentration point in the real-time stress distribution is compared with a preset safety stress threshold; the real-time deformation is analyzed to determine the deformation accumulation; based on the deformation accumulation, it is identified whether there are signs of tunnel instability; if the stress gradient change exceeds a preset gradient change threshold and / or the stress at the stress concentration point exceeds a preset safety stress threshold and / or there are signs of tunnel instability, it is considered that the tunnel stability during the virtual excavation process is poor and requires early support.

[0117] Stress gradient change can be the rate of change of stress in the tunnel surrounding rock in a certain direction, which reflects the uniformity or non-uniformity of stress distribution.

[0118] A stress concentration point can be a point in a local area where the stress is significantly higher than that in the surrounding area due to changes in geometry, the presence of defects or the action of external loads.

[0119] The safety stress threshold can be the maximum stress value that a material or structure can withstand while ensuring the safety of the structure. It is the benchmark for designing support systems and evaluating the stability of surrounding rock, and is stored in a preset database.

[0120] The accumulated deformation can be the accumulated deformation of the surrounding rock caused by stress during the tunnel excavation process.

[0121] Signs of tunnel instability may be signs that the surrounding rock or structure may become unstable during tunnel excavation or use.

[0122] Advance support can be a reinforcement measure carried out before or during tunnel excavation in areas where problems are expected (such as stress concentration points, areas with large deformation, intersections, near faults, etc.) to enhance the stability of the surrounding rock and prevent accidents.

[0123] Specifically, the real-time stress distribution diagram is analyzed and the stress gradient change, i.e., the rate of change of stress with distance, is calculated. The stress concentration points in the real-time stress distribution are identified, i.e., the points where the stress value is significantly higher than that of the surrounding areas. According to engineering experience and relevant specifications, the safety stress threshold is set, including the overall stress and the stress gradient change threshold. The stress at the stress concentration point is compared with the preset safety stress threshold to determine whether it exceeds the safety limit. The real-time deformation is analyzed and the deformation accumulation is calculated, i.e., the cumulative deformation of the surrounding rock during the excavation process. The deformation trend is predicted to determine whether the deformation continues to increase or tends to stabilize. According to the deformation accumulation, whether there are signs of tunnel instability, such as excessive deformation, local damage, etc., is identified. The risk level of tunnel instability is evaluated, including low risk, medium risk and high risk. The overall stability of the tunnel is evaluated by comprehensively considering the stress gradient change, stress concentration points, deformation accumulation and signs of instability. Based on the evaluation results, a conclusion is drawn as to whether the tunnel stability is good. If the stress gradient change exceeds the preset threshold, the stress at the stress concentration point exceeds the safety threshold, or there are signs of tunnel instability, the tunnel stability is considered to be poor. According to the stability assessment results, design the advance support plan, including support materials, support strength, support location, etc. Through this solution, by real-time monitoring and analysis of stress distribution and deformation, potential risks can be predicted in advance, so that measures can be taken to prevent accidents. When stress gradient changes or stress concentration points are found to be exceeded, support measures can be taken immediately to reduce the risk of accidents. The design is adjusted according to real-time data, and the support structure and mining operation methods are optimized to improve the long-term stability of the roadway. By preventing potential accidents and damage, the cost of repair and reconstruction is reduced.

[0124] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a non-blasting approach support judgment system provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the non-blasting approach support judgment system 300 of this embodiment includes: a force analysis module 301, an efficiency analysis module 302, a stability assessment module 303, and a support decision module 304.

[0125] The force analysis module 301 is used to obtain the force data of the roadheader during the non-explosive approach tunneling process; analyze the force data to determine the force changes and the regional characteristics of the tunneling area; The efficiency analysis module 302 is used to obtain excavation data, analyze the excavation data, and determine the excavation efficiency; A stability evaluation module 303, for determining the tunnel condition after excavation according to the excavation efficiency, the force change, and the regional characteristics; The support decision module 304 is used to analyze the tunnel conditions after excavation, determine whether there is a possibility of collapse based on the situation analysis results, and perform corresponding support when there is a possibility of collapse.

[0126] Optionally, when the force analysis module 301 analyzes the force data to determine the force change and the regional characteristics of the excavation area, it is used to: Obtain the initial pressure recorded before excavation; Based on the initial pressure, analyzing the force data to determine the force change during the excavation process; Based on the force changes, real-time operation data of the tunnel boring machine is obtained; Analyzing the real-time operation data and the force changes to identify the geological changes in the real-time excavation area; Acquire and analyze geological images during excavation to determine geological details; Based on the geological changes and the geological details, regional characteristics of the excavation area are determined.

[0127] Optionally, the real-time operation data also includes motor power consumption data; when the efficiency analysis module 302 analyzes the excavation data to determine the excavation efficiency, it is used to: Analyze the excavation data to determine the real-time excavation speed of the tunnel boring machine and the real-time excavation angle change of the tunnel boring machine; The excavation efficiency is determined based on the motor power consumption data, the real-time excavation speed and the real-time excavation angle change.

[0128] Optionally, when the force analysis module 301 analyzes the real-time operation data and the force changes and identifies the geological changes in the real-time excavation area, it is used to: Analyze the real-time operation data to determine vibration change data and sound change data during the excavation process; Analyze the force changes to determine the real-time thrust changes and real-time torque changes of the tunnel boring machine; Comparing the real-time thrust change and the real-time torque change with a preset first mechanical change threshold and a preset second mechanical change threshold respectively; When the real-time thrust change exceeds the first mechanical change threshold and / or the real-time torque change exceeds the second mechanical change threshold, it is considered that the geological conditions have changed; The geological changes in the excavation area are identified based on the time series trends of the vibration change data, the sound change data, the real-time thrust change, and the real-time torque change.

[0129] Optionally, when the force analysis module 301 determines the regional characteristics of the excavation area according to the geological changes and the geological details, it is used to: Analyze the geological details to determine whether the rock and soil structure has changed due to mining; If it is determined that the rock and soil structure has changed, then according to the geological changes, the real-time thrust strength and the real-time torque strength at the geological details are determined; Determining the real-time vibration intensity of the tunnel boring machine according to the real-time operation data; The regional characteristics of the excavation area are determined according to the real-time thrust intensity, the real-time torque intensity, and the real-time vibration intensity.

[0130] Optionally, when the force analysis module 301 determines the regional characteristics of the excavation area according to the real-time thrust strength, the real-time torque strength and the real-time vibration strength, it is used to: Establishing a plurality of real-time data and a plurality of real-time data and regional characteristic models according to the real-time thrust strength, the real-time torque strength and the real-time vibration strength; The indicators in the real-time data and regional characteristic model include: rock strength, rock hardness, and rock brittleness; The real-time data and regional characteristic models are calculated according to the following formula: ; in, It is an indicator of rock strength in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the index of rock strength; is the coefficient of thrust strength to rock strength; is the thrust strength; is the coefficient of torque strength to rock strength; is the torque strength; is the coefficient of the vibration intensity to the index of rock strength; is the vibration intensity; is the error term of the rock strength index; It is an indicator of rock hardness in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the index of rock hardness; is the coefficient of thrust hardness to rock hardness; is the coefficient of the torsion hardness to the index of rock hardness; is the coefficient of the index of vibration hardness to rock hardness; is the error term of the index of rock hardness; It is an indicator of rock brittleness in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the indicator of rock brittleness; is the coefficient of thrust brittleness to rock brittleness; is the coefficient of torsional brittleness to rock brittleness; is the coefficient of vibration brittleness to rock brittleness index; is the error term of the rock brittleness indicator.

[0131] Optionally, the non-blasting approach support judgment system 300 further includes a support analysis module 305, which is used to: Obtain and analyze tunnel exploration data, and determine tunnel structure and geotechnical characteristics based on data analysis results; Establishing a three-dimensional model for predicting tunnel risks according to the tunnel structure and the geotechnical characteristics; Import the tunnel boring machine data used in this excavation into the three-dimensional model of tunnel risk prediction to simulate the excavation process and perform virtual excavation; According to the process simulation of virtual excavation, the real-time stress distribution and real-time deformation of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process are determined; Determining the stability of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process according to the real-time stress distribution and the real-time deformation; It is determined whether there is a possibility of collapse during the excavation process based on the stability of the tunnel, and corresponding support is carried out when there is a possibility of collapse.

[0132] Optionally, when the support analysis module 305 determines the real-time stress distribution and real-time deformation of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process according to the virtual excavation process simulation, it is used to: According to the tunnel boring machine data, tunnel boring data is set and an actual tunnel boring method is simulated; According to the excavation data and the excavation method, the excavation process is simulated step by step; According to the excavation process, determining the displacement field and plastic zone distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock during the virtual excavation process; Analyze and simulate the displacement field and plastic zone distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock during excavation to determine potential damage areas; Establishing a real-time stress distribution map of the surrounding rock of the tunnel according to the tunnel exploration data; The stability of the tunnel is evaluated based on the potential damage area and the real-time stress distribution map.

[0133] Optionally, when the support analysis module 305 determines the stability of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process according to the real-time stress distribution and the real-time deformation, it is used to: Analyzing the real-time stress distribution to determine stress gradient changes; Comparing the stress of each stress concentration point in the real-time stress distribution with a preset safety stress threshold; Analyze the real-time deformation to determine the accumulated deformation; Based on the accumulated deformation, identifying whether there are signs of tunnel instability; If the stress gradient change exceeds the preset gradient change threshold and / or the stress at the stress concentration point exceeds the preset safety stress threshold and / or there are signs of tunnel instability, it is considered that the tunnel stability during the virtual excavation process is poor and requires early support.

[0134] The system of this embodiment can be used to execute the method of any of the above embodiments. The implementation principles and technical effects are similar and will not be described in detail here.

Claims

1. A non-blasting approach support judgment method, characterized in that: include: Obtain the force data of the tunnel during non-explosive approach excavation; Analyzing the force data to determine force changes and regional characteristics of the excavation area; Acquire excavation data, analyze the excavation data, and determine excavation efficiency; Determining the tunnel condition after excavation according to the excavation efficiency, the force change, and the regional characteristics; Analyze the tunnel conditions after excavation, determine whether there is a possibility of collapse based on the situation analysis results, and perform corresponding support when there is a possibility of collapse.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analyzing the force data to determine the force change and the regional characteristics of the excavation area includes: Obtain the initial pressure recorded before excavation; Based on the initial pressure, analyzing the force data to determine the force change during the excavation process; Based on the force changes, real-time operation data of the tunnel boring machine is obtained; Analyzing the real-time operation data and the force changes to identify the geological changes in the real-time excavation area; Acquire and analyze geological images during excavation to determine geological details; Based on the geological changes and the geological details, regional characteristics of the excavation area are determined.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The real-time operation data also includes motor power consumption data; the analyzing the excavation data to determine the excavation efficiency includes: Analyze the excavation data to determine the real-time excavation speed of the tunnel boring machine and the real-time excavation angle change of the tunnel boring machine; The excavation efficiency is determined based on the motor power consumption data, the real-time excavation speed and the real-time excavation angle change.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The analyzing the real-time operation data and the force changes to identify the real-time geological changes in the excavation area includes: Analyze the real-time operation data to determine vibration change data and sound change data during the excavation process; Analyze the force changes to determine the real-time thrust changes and real-time torque changes of the tunnel boring machine; Comparing the real-time thrust change and the real-time torque change with a preset first mechanical change threshold and a preset second mechanical change threshold respectively; When the real-time thrust change exceeds the first mechanical change threshold and / or the real-time torque change exceeds the second mechanical change threshold, it is considered that the geological conditions have changed; The geological changes in the excavation area are identified based on the time series trends of the vibration change data, the sound change data, the real-time thrust change, and the real-time torque change.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining the regional characteristics of the excavation area according to the geological changes and the geological details includes: Analyze the geological details to determine whether the rock and soil structure has changed due to mining; If it is determined that the rock and soil structure has changed, then according to the geological changes, the real-time thrust strength and the real-time torque strength at the geological details are determined; Determining the real-time vibration intensity of the tunnel boring machine according to the real-time operation data; The regional characteristics of the excavation area are determined according to the real-time thrust intensity, the real-time torque intensity, and the real-time vibration intensity.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Determining the regional characteristics of the excavation area according to the real-time thrust strength, the real-time torque strength and the real-time vibration strength includes: Establishing a plurality of real-time data and a plurality of real-time data and regional characteristic models according to the real-time thrust strength, the real-time torque strength and the real-time vibration strength; The indicators in the real-time data and regional characteristic model include: rock strength, rock hardness, and rock brittleness; The real-time data and regional characteristic models are calculated according to the following formula: ； in, It is an indicator of rock strength in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the index of rock strength; is the coefficient of thrust strength to rock strength; is the thrust strength; is the coefficient of torque strength to rock strength; is the torque strength; is the coefficient of the vibration intensity to the index of rock strength; is the vibration intensity; is the error term of the rock strength index; It is an indicator of rock hardness in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the index of rock hardness; is the coefficient of thrust hardness to rock hardness; is the coefficient of the torsion hardness to the index of rock hardness; is the coefficient of the index of vibration hardness to rock hardness; is the error term of the index of rock hardness; It is an indicator of rock brittleness in regional characteristics; is the intercept of the indicator of rock brittleness; is the coefficient of thrust brittleness to rock brittleness; is the coefficient of torsional brittleness to rock brittleness; is the coefficient of vibration brittleness to rock brittleness index; is the error term of the rock brittleness indicator.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before obtaining the force data during the excavation process, the method further includes: Obtain and analyze tunnel exploration data, and determine tunnel structure and geotechnical characteristics based on data analysis results; Establishing a three-dimensional model for predicting tunnel risks according to the tunnel structure and the rock and soil characteristics; Import the tunnel boring machine data used in this excavation into the three-dimensional model of tunnel risk prediction to simulate the excavation process and perform virtual excavation; According to the process simulation of virtual excavation, the real-time stress distribution and real-time deformation of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process are determined; Determining the stability of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process according to the real-time stress distribution and the real-time deformation; It is determined whether there is a possibility of collapse during the excavation process based on the stability of the tunnel, and corresponding support is carried out when there is a possibility of collapse.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The process of determining the real-time stress distribution and real-time deformation of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process according to the virtual excavation process simulation includes: According to the tunnel boring machine data, tunnel boring data is set and an actual tunnel boring method is simulated; According to the excavation data and the excavation method, the excavation process is simulated step by step; According to the excavation process, determining the displacement field and plastic zone distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock during the virtual excavation process; Analyze and simulate the displacement field and plastic zone distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock during excavation to determine potential damage areas; Establishing a real-time stress distribution map of the surrounding rock of the tunnel according to the tunnel exploration data; The stability of the tunnel is evaluated based on the potential damage area and the real-time stress distribution map.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Determining the stability of the tunnel during the virtual excavation process according to the real-time stress distribution and the real-time deformation includes: Analyzing the real-time stress distribution to determine stress gradient changes; Comparing the stress of each stress concentration point in the real-time stress distribution with a preset safety stress threshold; Analyze the real-time deformation to determine the accumulated deformation; Based on the accumulated deformation, identifying whether there are signs of tunnel instability; If the stress gradient change exceeds the preset gradient change threshold and / or the stress at the stress concentration point exceeds the preset safety stress threshold and / or there are signs of tunnel instability, it is considered that the tunnel stability during the virtual excavation process is poor and requires early support.

10. A non-blasting approach support judgment system, characterized in that: include: The force analysis module is used to obtain the force data of the roadheader during the non-explosive approach tunneling process; Analyzing the force data to determine force changes and regional characteristics of the excavation area; An efficiency analysis module, used to obtain excavation data, analyze the excavation data, and determine the excavation efficiency; A stability assessment module, used to determine the tunnel condition after excavation according to the excavation efficiency, the force change, and the regional characteristics; The support decision module is used to analyze the tunnel conditions after excavation, determine whether there is a possibility of collapse based on the situation analysis results, and perform corresponding support when there is a possibility of collapse.

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