Ammonia hydrogen production driving single-shaft gas turbine and ammonia steam turbine coupling device

Abstract

The invention discloses an ammonia hydrogen production driven single-shaft gas turbine and ammonia steam turbine coupling device, which is characterized in that a delivery pump is respectively connected with a liquid ammonia source and an ammonia channel inlet of an ebullator, and a first turbine power generation assembly is respectively connected with a reaction channel inlet of an ammonia decomposition reactor and an ammonia channel outlet of the ebullator; the second turbine power generation assembly comprises a second generator, a gas compressor and a second turbine, wherein the gas compressor and the second turbine are coaxially arranged. The second turbine is in driving connection with a rotor of the second generator. A reaction channel outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor and a compressed gas outlet of the gas compressor are connected with a combustion chamber of the combustor through pipelines respectively, the second turbine is connected with a smoke outlet of the combustor and the ammonia decomposition reactor through pipelines respectively, and a smoke channel outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor is connected with a tail gas channel inlet of the boiler. The tail gas channel outlet is connected with the tail gas treatment unit. According to the invention, single ammonia fuel and working medium are adopted, the complexity of the device is simplified, carbon emission reduction is promoted, and the comprehensive energy efficiency of ammonia energy reaches 80-85%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of generators or engines, and in particular to a coupling device for a single-shaft gas turbine driven by ammonia to hydrogen production and an ammonia steam turbine. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy has the characteristics of abundant sources, high energy density, and being green and low-carbon. Since it does not produce carbon emissions as a fuel, it is the clean energy with the greatest development potential. Ammonia energy, as a hydrogen-rich substance, contains 17.6% hydrogen by mass, making it an ideal carrier of hydrogen. Using ammonia to supply hydrogen and using ammonia to replace hydrogen has become one of the development trends of hydrogen energy.

[0003] A gas turbine is a power device that generates high-temperature, high-pressure, high-kinetic energy gas by burning fuel to drive the turbine to do work. At present, power generation or mobile equipment using gas turbines as power sources are developing and being applied rapidly. Its main advantage is that it has a better power density. However, in general, the thermal efficiency of gas turbines is often between 30-40%. Using the waste heat of gas turbines to heat steam turbines is a way to improve overall energy efficiency. However, in general, the working fluids of the two are different, making the coupling system often complex and bulky. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and overcome the technical problem of low comprehensive energy efficiency of ammonia energy in the prior art, the present invention provides an ammonia-hydrogen-driven single-shaft gas turbine and an ammonia steam turbine coupling device, which uses a single ammonia fuel and working medium, simplifies the complexity of the system, is conducive to promoting carbon emission reduction, and makes the comprehensive energy efficiency of ammonia energy reach 80-85%.

[0005] The technical solutions adopted are as follows:

[0006] An ammonia-to-hydrogen drive single-shaft gas turbine and an ammonia steam turbine coupling device, the device comprising a liquid ammonia source, a delivery pump, a boiler, a first turbine power generation assembly, a second turbine power generation assembly, an ammonia decomposition reactor, a burner and an exhaust gas treatment unit;

[0007] The delivery pump inlet is connected to the liquid ammonia source, the delivery pump outlet is connected to the ammonia channel inlet of the boiler, and the first turbine power generation assembly is connected to the reaction channel inlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor and the ammonia channel outlet of the boiler through pipelines respectively;

[0008] The second turbine power generation assembly includes a second generator and a coaxially arranged compressor and a second turbine, the second turbine is drivingly connected to the rotor of the second generator; the reaction channel outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor and the compressed gas outlet of the compressor are respectively connected to the combustion chamber of the burner through pipelines, the second turbine is respectively connected to the flue gas outlet of the burner and the flue gas channel inlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor through pipelines, the flue gas channel outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor is connected to the exhaust gas channel inlet of the boiler, and the exhaust gas channel outlet of the boiler is connected to the exhaust gas treatment unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the first turbine power generation assembly includes a first turbine and a first generator, the first turbine is drivingly connected to the rotor of the first generator, and the first turbine is connected to the ammonia channel outlet of the boiler and the reaction channel inlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor through pipelines respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the device is also provided with an air compressor and a fuel bottle, and the air compressor and the fuel bottle are respectively connected to the combustion chamber of the burner through pipelines.

[0011] Further preferably, when the device is started, the compressed air provided by the air compressor and the fuel gas provided by the fuel bottle are simultaneously input into the burner, and when the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber of the burner reaches the target process value, the second turbine power generation assembly is driven to operate; when the reaction channel temperature of the ammonia decomposition reactor reaches the process value and the temperature of the boiler also reaches the target process value, the delivery pump is started; when it is detected that the second generator starts to generate electricity, the air compressor is turned off; when it is detected that the product gas flow flowing out of the ammonia decomposition reactor reaches the process value, the fuel bottle is turned off.

[0012] Preferably, the fuel in the fuel bottle is a combustible gas or a volatile combustible liquid, including one or a mixture of several fuels selected from natural gas, hydrogen, ammonia, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol, propanol, gasoline and aviation kerosene.

[0013] Preferably, the reaction channel of the ammonia decomposition reactor is filled with an iron-based catalyst and / or a ruthenium-based catalyst. When the reactor is in normal operation, the ammonia decomposition reaction temperature in the ammonia decomposition reactor is 350-850°C, and the ammonia space velocity is 1000-30000h -1 , the gas pressure in the reaction channel is between 0.06 and 1.8 MPa.

[0014] More preferably, the ammonia decomposition reaction temperature is 450-580°C, and the ammonia space velocity is 5000-12000h -1 , the gas temperature at the combustion chamber outlet of the burner is ≥750℃.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0016] A. The present invention only uses a single ammonia fuel to carry out the hydrogen production reaction in the ammonia decomposition reactor, which greatly simplifies the complexity of the system, and designs the temperature matching of each component to optimize the utilization efficiency of thermal energy and kinetic energy. The heat generated in the combustion chamber of the burner causes the high-temperature flue gas and the surrounding gas to expand and drive the steam turbine to rotate. The flue gas heat in the burner is utilized twice in a step-by-step manner. First, the waste heat of the flue gas after work is used to heat the materials in the ammonia decomposition reactor, which promotes the reaction of increasing the enthalpy change of ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen without additional functions; secondly, the cooled flue gas provides energy for the rapid gasification of liquid ammonia, so that the liquid ammonia boils to form an ammonia gas flow with kinetic energy, which further promotes the operation of the ammonia turbine. It has high comprehensive energy efficiency, and the efficiency for power generation can reach 50-70%. If combined with the energy efficiency utilization of tail gas, it can further reach 80-85%. At the same time, the use of zero-carbon ammonia fuel is conducive to promoting carbon emission reduction and helping to achieve the country's carbon neutrality strategy.

[0017] B. The device of the present invention is highly compact, and the first turbine (ammonia) and the second turbine (combustion gas) share a common airflow, which greatly simplifies the coupling structure, thereby improving the reliability of the device.

[0018] C. The device of the present invention provides an air compressor and a fuel bottle. When the device is in a stopped state and needs to be cold-started, or when the standby state needs to be changed to a normal operating state, the air compressor and the fuel bottle are used to start the entire device until the burner outlet gas temperature, the reaction channel temperature and reaction product flow rate of the ammonia decomposition reactor, and the temperature of the boiler all reach the target process requirements. The air compressor and the fuel bottle are controlled to be closed to achieve independent operation of the device, so that the first generator and the second generator can continuously output electrical energy.

[0019] D. The present invention can also directly replace the generator with a kinetic energy load system to achieve the output of kinetic energy and electricity. It is suitable for power generation and cogeneration of large mobile equipment such as ships and cars, as well as heavy gas turbines and micro gas turbines, and has a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the ammonia-to-hydrogen-driven single-shaft gas turbine and the ammonia steam turbine coupling device provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a coupling device of ammonia-hydrogen production driving a single-shaft gas turbine and an ammonia steam turbine provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a coupling device of an ammonia-to-hydrogen-driven single-shaft gas turbine and an ammonia steam turbine with a kinetic energy load system provided by the present invention.

[0024] The meanings of the symbols in the figure are as follows:

[0025] 1-liquid ammonia source; 2-transfer pump; 3-boiler, 3a-ammonia channel, 3b-exhaust channel; 4-first turbine; 5-ammonia decomposition reactor, 5a-reaction channel, 5b-flue gas channel; 6-burner; 7-compressor; 8-second turbine; 9-air compressor; 10-exhaust treatment unit; 11-first generator; 12-second generator; 13-fuel bottle; 14-kinetic energy load system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] “Gas space velocity” is a commonly used technical term in fixed bed reactor technology. It refers to the volume of gas flowing through a unit volume of catalyst per unit time under standard conditions. Its unit is usually h. -1 .

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides an ammonia-hydrogen production driven single-shaft gas turbine and an ammonia steam turbine coupling device, comprising a liquid ammonia source 1, a delivery pump 2, a boiler 3, a first turbine power generation assembly, a second turbine power generation assembly, an ammonia decomposition reactor 5, a burner 6 and an exhaust gas treatment unit 10; the delivery pump 2 inlet is connected to the liquid ammonia source 1, and the liquid ammonia source 1 here can be one or more liquid ammonia storage tanks. The boiler 3 contains an ammonia channel 3a and an exhaust gas channel 3b, the ammonia decomposition reactor 5 contains a reaction channel 5a and a flue gas channel 5b, the delivery pump 2 outlet is connected to the ammonia channel 3a inlet of the boiler 3 through a pipeline, the first turbine power generation assembly is connected to the reaction channel 5a inlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor 5 and the ammonia channel 3a outlet of the boiler 3 through pipelines, and the burner 6 contains a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is provided with a compressed gas inlet, a fuel gas inlet and a flue gas outlet after combustion. The second turbine power generation assembly includes a second generator 12 and a coaxially arranged compressor 7 and a second turbine 8. The rotation of the shaft of the second turbine 8 will drive the rotation of the shaft of the compressor 7. The rotating shafts of the second turbine 8 and the compressor 7 can drive the rotor of the second generator 12 to rotate through kinetic energy transmission methods such as coaxial connection, gear drive or track drive, so as to generate electricity; the outlet of the reaction channel 5a of the ammonia decomposition reactor 5 and the compressed gas outlet of the compressor 7 are respectively connected to the compressed gas inlet and the fuel gas inlet of the burner 6 through pipelines, the second turbine 8 is respectively connected to the flue gas outlet of the burner 6 and the inlet of the flue gas channel 5b of the ammonia decomposition reactor 5 through pipelines, the outlet of the flue gas channel 5b of the ammonia decomposition reactor 5 is connected to the inlet of the tail gas channel 3b of the boiler 3, so as to heat and gasify the liquid ammonia in the ammonia channel 3a, and the outlet of the tail gas channel 3b of the boiler 3 is connected to the tail gas treatment unit 10.

[0029] Specifically, the liquid ammonia is delivered to the inlet of the ammonia channel 3a of the boiler 3 through the delivery pump 2 at a certain flow rate, and flows out from the ammonia channel 3a of the boiler 3. After being vaporized, the liquid ammonia in the ammonia channel 3a is completely vaporized into gaseous ammonia at the outlet; the airflow flowing out of the boiler 3 enters the first turbine power generation assembly, where the first turbine power generation assembly includes the first turbine 4 and the first generator 11. The ammonia gas entering the first turbine 4 pushes its blades and drives its shaft to rotate, thereby transmitting the rotational kinetic energy to the rotor of the first generator 11 to generate electricity.

[0030] Ammonia gas discharged from the first turbine 4 enters the inlet of the reaction channel 5a of the ammonia decomposition reactor 5, and then undergoes a decomposition reaction in the reaction channel 5a to be converted into product gas, and flows to the fuel gas inlet of the burner 6; at the same time, ambient atmosphere is sucked in from the compressor 7 and flows into the compressed gas inlet of the burner 6 after being compressed; the air flowing out of the compressor 7 and the product gas at the outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor 5 are used as fuel, and the two are mixed and burned in the burner 6, and the combustion product flue gas flows out from the flue gas outlet of the burner and flows into the second turbine 8, and the flue gas flow drives the blades of the second turbine to rotate, driving its turbine shaft and the rotating shaft of the compressor 7 to rotate together, and then the kinetic energy of the rotation is transmitted to the rotor of the second generator 12 to generate electricity.

[0031] The flue gas flowing out from the second turbine 8 flows into the inlet of the flue gas channel 5b of the ammonia decomposition reactor 5, heats the material inside the reaction channel 5a, and flows out from the outlet of the flue gas channel 5b of the ammonia decomposition reactor 5 and enters the inlet of the flue gas channel 3b of the boiler 3, heats the liquid ammonia in the ammonia channel 3a of the boiler 3, and flows out from the outlet of the flue gas channel 3b of the boiler 3 and enters the exhaust gas treatment unit 10 for treatment.

[0032] The process conditions of the device of the present invention in a continuous working state are as follows:

[0033] The ammonia decomposition reactor 5 adopts a fixed bed reactor technology route, that is, in the reaction channel 5a, the ammonia decomposition reaction catalyst is filled in the reaction channel 5a in the form of a fixed bed layer, and the catalyst temperature in the reaction channel 5a is mainly controlled by heating the flue gas entering the flue gas channel 5b; wherein the ammonia decomposition reaction catalyst is preferably an iron-based catalyst or a ruthenium-based catalyst, or a mixture of the two types of catalysts; after the ammonia decomposition reactor 5 runs smoothly, the reaction conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature is 350-850°C, preferably 450-580°C; the space velocity of ammonia in the reaction channel 5a is 1000-30000h -1 , preferably 5000~12000h -1 The mass flow rate of ammonia entering the ammonia decomposition reactor 5 can be calculated from the filling amount of the catalyst and the target space velocity; the gas pressure in the reaction channel 5a is between 0.06 and 1.8 MPa; after the ammonia flows through the ammonia decomposition catalyst, it is converted into decomposition products to obtain hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein the conversion rate of ammonia is greater than 98.0%.

[0034] The burner 6 contains an ignition device. Under the appropriate fuel flow rate and air flow rate, after successful ignition and stable operation of the device, the flow rate of compressed air is 1 to 40 times the flow rate of ammonia flowing into the ammonia decomposition reactor; whether the combustion state meets the process conditions is judged by whether the outlet gas temperature of the burner is continuously not less than 750°C. The working temperature of the boiling furnace 3 in the present invention is 70°C to 400°C.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention further provides an air compressor and a fuel bottle in the device, which are respectively connected to the combustion chamber of the burner 6 through pipelines. When the system is in a stopped state and needs to be cold-started, or the standby state needs to be changed to a normal operating state, the air compressor and the fuel bottle need to be operated to make the device reach normal operating conditions before shutting down the air compressor and the fuel bottle. The specific startup operation method is as follows:

[0036] The air compressor 9 is turned on and the fuel bottle 13 is started, so that the compressed air and the fuel gas are simultaneously mixed and ignited in the burner 6, and the temperature of the flue gas formed reaches the target process value, and then the second turbine 8 starts to rotate; the tail gas of the second turbine 8 enters the entrance of the flue gas channel 5b, and when the temperature in the reaction channel 5a in the ammonia decomposition reactor 5 reaches the process value, and the temperature of the boiler 3 also reaches the target process value, the delivery pump 2 is started to make the liquid ammonia flow out of the liquid ammonia source 1 and flow further; when it is detected that the first generator 11 starts to generate electricity, the air compressor 9 is turned off or disconnected from the device, and the air source is switched to the ambient atmosphere; when it is detected that the product gas flow out of the reaction channel 5a reaches the process value, the fuel bottle 13 is turned off or disconnected from the device; thereafter, the device can maintain continuous operation, and the first generator 11 and the second generator 12 can continuously output electrical energy. The fuel bottle 13 contains combustible gas or volatile combustible liquid, such as natural gas, hydrogen, ammonia, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol, propanol, gasoline, jet fuel and other gaseous or liquid fuels that can burn stably in the air, or a mixture or combination of these fuels.

[0037] In addition, if Figure 3 As shown, you can also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second generator 12 is replaced by a kinetic energy load system 14. The kinetic energy load system 14 can be a flywheel, a propeller, a power gear or other element that can drive a machine to obtain kinetic energy, and can realize the output of kinetic energy and electricity. It is suitable for use in large mobile equipment such as ships and cars. Of course, it can also be used for power generation and cogeneration of heavy-duty gas turbines and micro gas turbines, among which the micro gas turbine is 30-500Kw and the heavy-duty gas turbine is 30-400MW.

[0038] Anything not described in the present invention is applicable to the prior art.

[0039] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. However, the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for coupling a single-shaft gas turbine and an ammonia steam turbine driven by ammonia to hydrogen production, characterized in that: The device comprises a liquid ammonia source (1), a delivery pump (2), a boiler (3), a first turbine power generation component, a second turbine power generation component, an ammonia decomposition reactor (5), a burner (6) and a tail gas treatment unit (10); The inlet of the delivery pump (2) is connected to the liquid ammonia source (1), the outlet of the delivery pump (2) is connected to the inlet of the ammonia channel (3a) of the boiler (3), and the first turbine power generation component is connected to the inlet of the reaction channel (5a) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (5) and the outlet of the ammonia channel (3a) of the boiler (3) through pipelines respectively; The second turbine power generation assembly comprises a second generator (12) and a coaxially arranged compressor (7) and a second turbine (8), wherein the second turbine (8) is drivingly connected to the rotor of the second generator (12); the outlet of the reaction channel (5a) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (5) and the compressed gas outlet of the compressor (7) are respectively connected to the combustion chamber of the burner (6) through pipelines, the second turbine (8) is respectively connected to the flue gas outlet of the burner (6) and the inlet of the flue gas channel (5b) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (5) through pipelines, the outlet of the flue gas channel (5b) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (5) is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas channel (3b) of the boiler (3), and the outlet of the exhaust gas channel (3b) of the boiler (3) is connected to the exhaust gas treatment unit (10).

2. The ammonia-to-hydrogen driving single-shaft gas turbine and ammonia steam turbine coupling device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first turbine power generation assembly comprises a first turbine (4) and a first generator (11), wherein the first turbine (4) is drivingly connected to a rotor of the first generator (11), and the first turbine (4) is connected to an outlet of an ammonia channel (3a) of the boiler (3) and an inlet of a reaction channel (5a) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (5) through pipelines.

3. The ammonia-to-hydrogen driving single-shaft gas turbine and ammonia steam turbine coupling device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The device is also provided with an air compressor (9) and a fuel bottle (13), and the air compressor (9) and the fuel bottle (13) are respectively connected to the combustion chamber of the burner (6) through pipelines.

4. The ammonia-to-hydrogen driving single-shaft gas turbine and ammonia steam turbine coupling device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the device is started, the compressed air provided by the air compressor (9) and the fuel gas provided by the fuel bottle (13) are simultaneously input into the burner (6), and when the combustion chamber outlet temperature of the burner (6) reaches a target process value, the second turbine power generation assembly is driven to operate; When the temperature of the reaction channel (5a) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (5) reaches the process value and the temperature of the boiler (3) also reaches the target process value, the delivery pump (2) is started; when it is detected that the second generator (11) starts to generate electricity, the air compressor (7) is turned off; when it is detected that the product gas flow flowing out of the ammonia decomposition reactor (5) reaches the process value, the fuel bottle (13) is closed.

5. The ammonia-to-hydrogen driving single-shaft gas turbine and ammonia steam turbine coupling device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The fuel in the fuel bottle (13) is a combustible gas or a volatile combustible liquid, including one or a mixture of several of the following fuels: natural gas, hydrogen, ammonia, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol, propanol, gasoline, and aviation kerosene.

6. The ammonia-to-hydrogen production driving single-shaft gas turbine and ammonia steam turbine coupling device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The reaction channel (5a) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (5) is filled with an iron-based catalyst and / or a ruthenium-based catalyst. When the ammonia decomposition reactor (5) is in normal operation, the ammonia decomposition reaction temperature in the ammonia decomposition reactor (5) is 350-850°C, and the ammonia space velocity is 1000-30000h / min. -1 , the gas pressure in the reaction channel (5a) is between 0.06 and 1.8 MPa.

7. The ammonia-to-hydrogen driving single-shaft gas turbine and ammonia steam turbine coupling device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition reaction temperature is 450-580°C, and the ammonia space velocity is 5000-12000h -1 The gas temperature at the combustion chamber outlet of the burner (6) is ≥750°C.

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