Airbag type large-volume large-depth columnar bottom mud stratified sampling device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an air bag type large-volume large-depth columnar bottom mud stratified sampling device and method, and belongs to the technical field of water bottom mud sampling. The air bag type large-volume and large-depth columnar bottom mud stratified sampling device comprises a fixed rod and a sampling tube, and further comprises a plurality of annular air bags, a plurality of air bags and a plurality of air bags, the air control loop is used for inflating the annular air bags; the air pressure sensor is used for detecting the real-time air pressure value in the annular air bag where the air pressure sensor is located; and when the real-time air pressure value, detected by the air pressure sensor, of the annular air bag is equal to an air pressure threshold value, the controller controls the air control loop to stop inflating the annular air bag. According to the air bag type large-volume large-depth columnar bottom mud stratified sampling device and method disclosed by the invention, when bottom mud is sampled, the sampling pipe is prevented from deflecting in a pulling process, so that the sampling pipe can accurately obtain a bottom mud sample at a preset depth and a preset position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bottom sediment sampling, and in particular to an airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device and method. Background Art

[0002] Sediment usually refers to a mixture of clay, silt, organic matter and various minerals, which are deposited at the bottom of the water body after a long period of physical, chemical and biological effects and water transmission. Due to the differences in hydrological conditions of different water bodies in time and space, and the different migration and transformation of endogenous pollutants at the water-sediment interface, there are huge differences in the deposition pattern and spatial distribution of endogenous polluted sediment in water bodies. Even in the same water body, the spatial distribution of endogenous polluted sediment is extremely uneven. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately determine the pollution scope and amount of polluted sediment before treatment and disposal, so as to provide a basis for the implementation of subsequent treatment and disposal projects.

[0003] By selecting typical points in the water body, layered sediment samples covering the bottom area of ​​the water body (near the shore and deep water area) are collected at different depths and water types, such as rivers and sinkholes. It is possible to understand the composition of organic-inorganic complexes in the sediment, determine the relative content of minerals, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in the sediment, analyze and study the composition, distribution, source and reserves of organic matter in the sediment at different levels of the water body, and explore the response relationship between endogenous pollution and water quality under the interaction between water and sediment at different levels. Studying the sedimentation characteristics of water bodies and the migration and transformation of endogenous pollutants is of great significance to the ecosystem.

[0004] In sediment sampling, most people use sediment samplers nowadays. The core components include a fixed rod, a sampling tube and a sample tube. When sampling the sediment in layers, the lower sampling tube is inserted into the sediment through the fixed rod, and the sediment directly enters the sample tube in the sampling tube through the opening below the sampling tube. When the sample tube is completely inserted into the sediment, the fixed rod is pulled out, and the fixed rod drives the sampling tube to move upward until the sampling tube drives the sample tube to be pulled out of the sediment, thereby collecting the sediment sample that has entered the sample tube. During this process, the fixing rod is relatively slender and the texture of the bottom mud is uneven, so the fixing rod is prone to deflection when subjected to force, causing the sampling tube to tilt. The tilted sampling tube will cause one side of the sampling tube to be inserted deeper into the bottom mud than the other side, resulting in one side of the mud sample in the sample tube being deeper than the other side, causing the mud sample to be unevenly stratified, making it difficult to accurately obtain mud samples at a predetermined depth and position, resulting in the samples taken not being able to truly reflect the actual situation of the bottom mud in the area, affecting the accurate analysis of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the mud, and further affecting the assessment of the ecological environment of the water body and the reliability of the research conclusions. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide an airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device, which can prevent the sampling tube from being deflected during the sediment sampling process, thereby ensuring that the sampling tube can accurately obtain sediment samples at a predetermined depth and position.

[0006] The present invention provides an airbag type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device, comprising a fixed rod and a sampling tube, wherein the sampling tube is arranged at the bottom end of the fixed rod, wherein a sample tube for storing sediment samples is arranged in the sampling tube, and further comprising: A plurality of annular air bags are arranged in a vertical direction, the plurality of annular air bags are sleeved on the tube body of the sampling tube, and the water body applies buoyancy to the fixing rod through the plurality of annular air bags; An air control circuit is connected to the plurality of annular airbags, and the air control circuit is used to inflate the plurality of annular airbags; An air pressure sensor is arranged in the annular airbag, and is used to detect the real-time air pressure value in the annular airbag where the air pressure sensor is located; The controller is electrically connected to the air pressure sensor and the air control circuit. According to the depth of the sampling tube to be inserted into the bottom mud and the viscosity of the bottom mud, the air pressure threshold of the annular airbag where the air pressure sensor is located is preset in the controller. When the real-time air pressure value of the annular airbag detected by the air pressure sensor is equal to the air pressure threshold, the controller controls the air control circuit to stop inflating the annular airbag, so that after the multiple annular airbags are inflated, the total buoyancy applied by the water body to the multiple annular airbags is greater than the total resistance applied by the bottom mud to the sampling tube and the sample tube.

[0007] Preferably, a disc-shaped airbag stabilizing portion is provided at the top of the fixing rod, and the disc-shaped airbag stabilizing portion floats on the water surface. A vertical sliding hole is provided at the center of the disc-shaped airbag stabilizing portion, and an annular electromagnet is installed inside the sliding hole. The annular electromagnet is electrically connected to the controller, and the outer wall of the fixing rod is slidably connected to the sliding hole. The annular electromagnet is used to adsorb the fixing rod to keep the sampling tube in a suspended state. When the disc-shaped airbag stabilizing portion floats stably on the water surface, the controller controls the annular electromagnet to cut off the power, so that the sampling tube sinks to the bottom of the water in a free fall state.

[0008] Preferably, the bottom side wall of the sampling tube is provided with a plurality of first water holes, the top side wall of the sample tube is provided with a plurality of second water holes, a gap is left between the outer wall of the sample tube and the inner wall of the sampling tube, the second water holes are connected with the first water holes through the gap, and a double-flap one-way valve is provided at the bottom end of the sample tube, the double-flap one-way valve includes a sealing ring and two valve flaps, the sealing ring is provided at the bottom end of the sample tube, the two valve flaps are opposite and connected to the sealing ring, the two valve flaps are used to seal the tube hole of the sample tube and to conduct one-way when water and soil enter the tube hole of the sample tube.

[0009] Preferably, the air control circuit includes an air pump, a main air pipe and a controller. The air pump is connected to a pancake-shaped airbag stabilization portion through the main air pipe. The air pump is connected to multiple bronchi, each bronchus is provided with a solenoid valve, and each bronchus is connected to an annular airbag through the solenoid valve. The controller is electrically connected to each solenoid valve, and the controller controls the on and off of each solenoid valve according to the real-time air pressure value of each annular airbag and the preset air pressure threshold of the annular airbag.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of extension rods are provided between the fixing rod and the sampling tube, the plurality of extension rods are coaxially arranged and connected end to end, and an annular air bag is provided outside each extension rod.

[0011] Preferably, a stabilizing baffle is provided between two adjacent annular airbags, and the stabilizing baffle is in a circular pancake shape, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the inflated annular airbag.

[0012] Preferably, a drill bit is provided at the bottom end of the sampling tube, the drill bit is an inverted cone structure, the top diameter of the drill bit is the same as the bottom end of the sampling tube, a material through hole is provided in the drill bit, and the diameter of the material through hole is the same as the inner diameter of the sample tube.

[0013] Preferably, a hammer head is provided on the top of the fixing rod, the hammer head is aligned with the fixing rod, the surface of the hammer head is thickened and has an anti-slip texture, and can apply vertical downward pressure to the fixing rod by hammering.

[0014] Preferably, the fixing rod is a solid cylindrical structure, the outer wall of the fixing rod is engraved with a first scale, and the outer side of the top end of the fixing rod is provided with anti-slip rubber.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for sampling using an airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device, comprising the following steps: Align the sampling tube with the desired sampling position, insert the sampling tube into the bottom mud, and the sampling tube drives the sample tube into the bottom mud; When the sampling tube is inserted to a predetermined depth, a combination of inflated annular airbags and a preset air pressure threshold for inflation of each annular airbag in the combination are calculated; By controlling the action of the air control circuit, the annular airbags in the combination are inflated sequentially, and when the real-time air pressure value in the annular airbag reaches a preset air pressure threshold, the inflation is automatically stopped; During the inflation process of multiple annular airbags, the inflation speed of the annular airbags is controlled according to the upward movement speed of the sampling tube to prevent the sampling tube from moving upward too fast. The sampling tube slowly moves upward under the action of the gradually increasing buoyancy of the multiple annular airbags until the sampling tube is fully risen and then the multiple annular airbags are stopped from being inflated, so as to utilize the buoyancy of the multiple annular airbags to complete the lifting of the device and complete the bottom mud sampling.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: an airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device of the present invention: 1. By combining sampling tubes, sample tubes and multiple annular airbags of different sizes, and using the buoyancy applied by the annular airbags to the fixed rod to pull out the sampling tube, the sampling tube can be prevented from being deflected during the pulling process, thereby preventing one side of the sampling tube from being inserted deeper into the bottom mud than the other side, ensuring the uniformity of the stratification of the bottom mud samples in the sample tube, and thus ensuring the accurate acquisition of the bottom mud samples at the predetermined depth and position. The samples taken can reflect the true situation of the bottom mud in the area, ensure the accuracy of the analysis of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the bottom mud, and ensure the reliability of the assessment and research conclusions of the ecological environment of the water body. 2. By adjusting the inflation degree and combination of the annular airbags, the entire device can adapt to bottom muds of different depths and densities, increasing the flexibility and application scope of sampling. 3. The sequential inflation of multiple annular airbags can be realized, and the work will not stop after the inflation of one annular airbag is completed, truly realizing the automation and sequential inflation function of multiple annular airbags, and preventing the annular airbags from rupturing due to overpressure. 4. Correctly matched sampling tubes, sample tubes and annular airbags can ensure fast, effective and accurate sediment sampling. Sampling tubes and sample tubes with larger diameters can collect more samples and are suitable for scenarios that require a large number of samples. 5. The entire device can work effectively in a complex sediment environment, ensuring the representativeness of the sampling and the stability of the operation, and ultimately achieving the purpose of efficient and safe sediment sampling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first working state of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second working state of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the third working state of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the air pressure sensor of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sample tube of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a comparison diagram of the pulling resistance and the buoyancy of the airbag in different combinations of the present invention.

[0018] Description of reference numerals: 101. fixing rod, 102. sampling tube, 103. sample tube, 104. annular airbag, 105. air pressure sensor, 2. hammer head, 301. disc-shaped airbag stabilizing part, 302. annular electromagnet, 401. first water hole, 402. second water hole, 403. gap, 404. valve disc, 405. sealing ring, 5. extension rod, 6. stabilizing baffle, 7. drill bit, 801. air pump, 802. main air pipe, 803. bronchial pipe, 804. solenoid valve, 901. first scale, 902. anti-slip rubber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following is combined with Figure 1-Figure 6 , the specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the airbag type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device provided by the present invention comprises a fixed rod 101 and a sampling tube 102, wherein the sampling tube 102 is arranged at the bottom end of the fixed rod 101, wherein a sample tube 103 for storing sediment samples is arranged in the sampling tube 102, and further comprises: an air control circuit, an air pressure sensor 105, a controller and a plurality of annular airbags 104, wherein the plurality of annular airbags 104 are arranged in a vertical direction, wherein the plurality of annular airbags 104 are sleeved on the tube body of the sampling tube 102, and the water body applies buoyancy to the fixed rod 101 through the plurality of annular airbags 104; the air control circuit is connected to the plurality of annular airbags 104, wherein the air control circuit is used to inflate the plurality of annular airbags 104; the air pressure sensor 105 The air pressure sensor 105 is arranged in the annular airbag 104, and is used to detect the real-time air pressure value in the annular airbag 104 where it is located; the controller is electrically connected to the air pressure sensor 105 and the air control circuit, and the air pressure threshold of the annular airbag 104 where the air pressure sensor 105 is located is preset in the controller according to the depth of the sampling tube 102 to be inserted into the bottom mud and the viscosity of the bottom mud. When the real-time air pressure value of the annular airbag 104 detected by the air pressure sensor 105 is equal to the air pressure threshold, the controller controls the air control circuit to stop inflating the annular airbag 104, so that after the multiple annular airbags 104 are inflated, the total buoyancy applied by the water body to the multiple annular airbags 104 is greater than the total resistance applied by the bottom mud to the sampling tube 102 and the sample tube 103.

[0021] The working principle of the above embodiment is briefly described: The viscosity of the bottom mud described in the present invention can be obtained by pre-calculation. The fixed rod 101 and the sampling tube 102 are made of stainless steel material ρ steel = 8g / cm3. The outer wall of the sample tube 103 is provided with a second scale. The diameter of the fixed rod 101 is 3cm, the diameter of the sampling tube 102 is: 12cm, 22cm or 32cm, the wall thickness is 0.5cm, the diameter of the sample tube 103 is: 10cm, 20cm or 30cm, and the sampling depth is: 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 100cm. The diameter of the sample tube 103 (10cm, 20cm or 30cm) determines the amount of sample that the entire device can handle. A larger diameter allows the collection of a larger volume of sample, but it will also increase the resistance when pulling out. Therefore, the diameters of the sampling tube 102 and the sample tube 103 are selected considering the sampling requirements. The top of the sampling tube 102 is provided with a threaded hole. The sampling tube 102 is combined with the fixing rod 101 through the threaded hole at the top. The different diameters of the sampling tube 102 (12 cm, 22 cm, 32 cm) should be slightly larger than the sample tube 103 to ensure that the sample tube 103 can be smoothly inserted or removed. At the same time, sufficient space is formed inside the sampling tube 102 to accommodate the sample and allow water to flow through. According to Cheng Xin [1] (Cheng Xin, Jiang Yi, Jiang Yingzi, etc. Investigation of Taihu Bottom Sediment and Pollution. Collection of Exchange Papers of Taihu High-level Forum. 2004: 265-273.) and JGJ 94-2008 "Technical Specifications for Building Pile Foundations" [2] (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. JGJ 94-2008 "Technical Specifications for Building Pile Foundations"), the density and friction resistance of the bottom sediment at different depths are taken from the following table: ρ bottom sediment = 1.5 g / cm3, f resistance = 20 KPa, as shown in Table 1: Table 1 - Sediment density and frictional resistance at different depths

[0022] When the diameter of the sampling tube 102 is 12 cm, the pull-out resistance for sampling sediment at different depths is calculated as follows: G device = (3.14×(12÷2)2×100×8-3.14×((10+1)÷2)2×100×8)×9.8÷1000000+2×1.52×3.14×100×8×9.8÷1000000+1.52×3.14×100×8×9.8÷1000000=0.14+0.17=0.31 (KN); G bottom mud 20 = 3.14 × (10 ÷ 2) 2 × 20 ÷ 1.3 × 9.8 ÷ 1000000 = 0.020 (KN); G bottom mud 40 = 3.14 × (10 ÷ 2) 2 × 40 ÷ 1.3 × 9.8 ÷ 1000000 = 0.041 (KN); G bottom mud 60 = 3.14 × (10 ÷ 2) 2 × 60 ÷ 1.3 × 9.8 ÷ 1000000 = 0.065 (KN); G bottom mud 80 = 3.14 × (10 ÷ 2) 2 × 80 ÷ 1.3 × 9.8 ÷ 1000000 = 0.089 (KN); G bottom mud 100 = 3.14 × (10 ÷ 2) 2 × 100 ÷ 1.3 × 9.8 ÷ 1000000 = 0.115 (KN); f resistance 20 = 10 × (3.14 × 12 × 20 ÷ 10000) = 0.75 (KN); f resistance 40 = 10 × (3.14 × 12 × 40 ÷ 10000) = 1.81 (KN); f resistance 60 = 10 × (3.14 × 12 × 60 ÷ 10000) = 3.17 (KN); f resistance 80 = 10 × (3.14 × 12 × 80 ÷ 10000) = 4.82 (KN); f resistance 100 = 10 × (3.14 × 12 × 100 ÷ 10000) = 6.78 (KN); ∴ (So) F resistance 20 = G device + G bottom mud + f resistance = 0.31 + 0.020 + 0.75 = 1.080 (KN); Fresistance 40 = Gdevice + Gbottom mud + fresistance = 0.31 + 0.041 + 1.81 = 2.161 (KN); F resistance 60 = G device + G bottom mud + f resistance = 0.31 + 0.065 + 3.17 = 3.545 (KN); F resistance 80 = G device + G bottom mud + f resistance = 0.31 + 0.089 + 4.82 = 5.219 (KN); Fresistance100=Gdevice+Gbottom mud+fresistance=0.31+0.115+6.78=7.205 (KN).

[0023] When the diameter of the sampling tube 102 is 22 cm and 32 cm, the calculation of the pull-out resistance for sampling the bottom mud at different depths is the same as above, and the calculation results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 - Pull-out resistance at different depths and sampling tube 102 diameters

[0024] The size of the annular airbag 104 is directly related to its buoyancy. The outer diameter and inner diameter of the annular airbag 104 determine the volume and maximum buoyancy of the annular airbag 104. The degree of inflation of the annular airbag 104 further adjusts its buoyancy to match the sampling requirements of different depths and diameters. According to the F resistance calculation results in the above table, the annular airbag 104 is designed as follows: annular airbag 104a (outer diameter 100cm×80cm, inner diameter 4cm×80cm), annular airbag 104b (outer diameter 150cm×80cm, inner diameter 4cm×80cm), where the buoyancy of the annular airbag 104a with inflation degrees of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% is calculated as follows: F float = (1×(3.14×(100÷2)2×80-3.14×(4÷2)2×80)×9.8)÷1000000×20%=1.23 (KN); F float = (1×(3.14×(100÷2)2×80-3.14×(4÷2)2×80)×9.8)÷1000000×40%=2.46 (KN); F float = (1×(3.14×(100÷2)2×80-3.14×(4÷2)2×80)×9.8)÷1000000×60%=3.69 (KN); F float = (1×(3.14×(100÷2)2×80-3.14×(4÷2)2×80)×9.8)÷1000000×80%=4.92 (KN); F float = (1×(3.14×(100÷2)2×80-3.14×(4÷2)2×80)×9.8)÷1000000×100%=6.14 (KN).

[0025] The combination of the annular airbags 104 can be adjusted according to specific sampling conditions (such as depth and bottom mud density) to ensure that sufficient buoyancy is provided to counteract the pull-out resistance. The present invention combines the annular airbags 104 according to general sampling requirements. If there are two annular airbags 104, the two annular airbags 104 are numbered as annular airbags 104a and annular airbags 104b, and the buoyancy of the annular airbags 104a, annular airbags 104b, and combination 1 (annular airbag 104a + annular airbag 104a), combination 2 (annular airbag 104a + annular airbag 104b), combination 3 (annular airbag 104b + annular airbag 104b) and combination 4 (annular airbag 104a + annular airbag 104a + annular airbag 104b) are obtained by the above calculation method. The buoyancy is shown in Table 3: Table 3 - Buoyancy of different combinations of annular airbags 104

[0026] The following line graph is drawn based on the calculation of F resistance and F buoyancy. According to the sampling situation, the appropriate annular airbag 104 is selected by considering the pull-out resistance. However, considering the actual situation, the buoyancy of the annular airbag 104 should be much greater than the resistance. The comparison of pull-out resistance and buoyancy of the annular airbag 104 of different combinations is shown in the figure below. Figure 6 shown.

[0027] like Figure 6 As shown, before actual sampling, the staff can adjust the device according to the above figure and actual needs, and select the size and combination of the annular airbag 104 in advance for sampling tubes 102, sample tubes 103, and drill bits 7 of different sizes.

[0028] When the device is in use, the sampling tube 102 is aligned with the desired sampling position, a striking surface can be set at the top of the fixed rod 101, and then a vertical downward impact force is applied to the striking surface to make the sampling tube 102 insert into the bottom mud, and the sampling tube 102 drives the sample tube 103 to be inserted into the bottom mud, so as to sample the bottom mud. When the sampling tube 102 is inserted into the predetermined depth, according to the above method, the combination of inflated annular airbags 104 and the preset air pressure threshold for inflating the annular airbags 104 in the combination are calculated, and then the combination of the annular airbags 104 is inflated by controlling the action of the air control circuit. When the real-time air pressure value in one annular airbag 104 reaches the air pressure threshold preset by the controller, the next annular airbag 104 is automatically inflated, so that the entire device slowly moves upward under the action of the gradually increasing buoyancy, until the multiple annular airbags 104 are completely inflated and the inflating is stopped, so that the buoyancy of the multiple airbags is used to complete the lifting and pulling of the device. During the inflation process of multiple airbags, the inflation speed of the annular airbag 104 can be appropriately controlled according to the upward speed of the entire device to prevent the sampling effect of the sampling tube 102 from being affected by the excessive upward speed. Finally, the sample tube 103 is taken out to complete the bottom mud sampling.

[0029] The airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratification sampling device of the present invention, by inflating multiple annular airbags 104, utilizes the buoyancy applied by multiple annular airbags 104 to the fixed rod 101 to pull out the sampling tube 102, can prevent the sampling tube 102 from being deflected during the pulling process, thereby preventing one side of the sampling tube 102 from being inserted deeper into the sediment than the other side, and ensures the uniformity of the sediment sample stratification in the sample tube 103, thereby ensuring the accurate acquisition of the sediment sample at the predetermined depth and position. Combining sampling tubes 102, sample tubes 103, and annular airbags 104 of different sizes has the following effects: the correctly matched sizes of sampling tubes 102, sample tubes 103, and annular airbags 104 can ensure fast, effective, and accurate sediment sampling. Sampling tubes 102 and sample tubes 103 with larger diameters can collect more samples, and are suitable for scenes requiring a large number of samples. By combining the appropriate annular airbags 104, it is ensured that the buoyancy of the multiple annular airbags 104 is greater than the pulling resistance of the sampling tube 102, so that the device can be prevented from excessively sinking or tilting during the extraction process, the risk of equipment damage is reduced, and the safety of operation is improved. By adjusting the inflation degree and combination of the annular airbags 104, the entire device can adapt to the bottom mud of different depths and different densities, increasing the flexibility and application scope of sampling. Through this design, the entire device can work effectively in a complex bottom mud environment, ensuring the representativeness of the sampling and the stability of the operation, and finally achieving the purpose of efficiently and safely completing the bottom mud sampling. The sequential inflation of multiple annular airbags 104 can be realized, and the work will not stop after the inflation of one annular airbag 104 is completed, and the sequential inflation function of the multiple annular airbags 104 is truly realized, and the annular airbag 104 can also be prevented from rupturing due to overpressure.

[0030] On the basis of the above embodiment, in order to prevent the sampling tube 102 from tilting when sinking, it is ensured that the sample taken by the sampling tube 102 can accurately present the structure and composition of the vertical layer of the bottom mud.

[0031] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, a round cake-shaped airbag stabilizing portion 301 is provided at the top of the fixing rod 101, and the round cake-shaped airbag stabilizing portion 301 floats on the water surface. A vertical sliding hole is provided at the center of the round cake-shaped airbag stabilizing portion 301, and a ring-shaped electromagnet 302 is installed inside the sliding hole. The outer wall of the fixing rod 101 is slidably connected to the sliding hole. The round cake-shaped airbag stabilizing portion 301 uses the ring-shaped electromagnet 302 to absorb and straighten the fixing rod 101 to prevent the sampling tube 102 from being deflected when the sampling tube 102 is directly lowered.

[0032] After the sampling tube 102 is sunk into the water, the round pancake-shaped airbag stabilizing part 301 is put on the outside of the fixed rod 101, and then the magnetic suction mechanism is controlled to adsorb the fixed rod 101, so that the sampling tube 102 is suspended in the water. At this time, the entire device is in a vertical state under the action of gravity. When the sampling tube 102 is sampling, the magnetic suction mechanism is controlled to be closed, and the sampling tube 102 and the fixed rod 101 sink under the action of their own gravity, thereby preventing the sampling tube 102 from tilting when sinking, thereby ensuring that the sample taken by the sampling tube 102 can accurately present the structure and composition of the vertical layer of the bottom mud.

[0033] As a preferred solution, Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the bottom side wall of the sampling tube 102 is provided with a plurality of first water holes 401, the top side wall of the sampling tube 103 is provided with a plurality of second water holes 402, a gap 403 is left between the outer wall of the sample tube 103 and the inner wall of the sampling tube 102, the second water holes 402 are connected with the first water holes 401 through the gap 403, and a double-flap one-way valve is provided at the bottom end of the sample tube 103, the double-flap one-way valve includes a sealing ring 405 and two valve flaps 404, the sealing ring 405 is provided at the bottom end of the sample tube 103, the two valve flaps 404 are opposite and connected to the sealing ring 405, the two valve flaps 404 are used to block the tube hole of the sample tube 103, and unidirectionally conduct water and soil when entering the tube hole of the sample tube 103. During the sinking of the sampling tube 102, water enters the device and flows out through the first water hole 401 on the sampling tube 102 and the second water hole 402 on the sample tube 103 until the sampling tube 102 sinks to the bottom of the water, and then continues to drive the sampling tube 102 downward until the sampling tube 102 is inserted into the bottom mud. Under the unidirectional conduction effect of the double-flap one-way valve, the bottom mud enters the tube hole of the sample tube 103 from the bottom end of the tube hole of the sample tube 103, and squeezes the water in the tube hole of the sample tube 103 into the gap 403 through the second water hole 402, and then discharges the sampling tube 102 through the gap 403 and the first water hole 401. The double-flap one-way valve is made of stainless steel, and the sealing ring 405 is made of flexible rubber to ensure its sealing performance, so as to prevent the bottom mud entering the sample tube 103 from being lost from the sample tube 103 during the process of pulling up the sampling tube 102. The outer wall of the sample tube 103 is provided with a second scale, and the second scale facilitates the stratification of the sediment sample.

[0034] As a preferred solution, Figure 1-Figure 4As shown, the air control circuit includes an air pump 801, a main air pipe 802 and a controller. The air pump 801 is connected to the pancake-shaped airbag stabilizing portion 301 through the main air pipe 802. The air pump 801 is connected to a plurality of bronchial tubes 803. Each bronchial tube 803 is provided with a solenoid valve 804. Each bronchial tube 803 is connected to an annular airbag 104 through the solenoid valve 804. The controller is electrically connected to each solenoid valve 804. The controller controls the on-off of each solenoid valve 804 according to the real-time air pressure value of each annular airbag 104 and the preset air pressure threshold of the annular airbag 104. The external water pressure of each annular airbag 104 is calculated and the air pressure threshold of each annular airbag 104 is input into the controller. Taking combination 3 at a water depth of 2m and a sampling depth of 1m as an example, after the device reaches the sampling depth, the external water pressure PP=ρliquid·g·h on the annular airbag 104 is calculated to be 19.6KPa and 9.8KPa respectively. The set air pressure threshold must be greater than this value to avoid compression or deformation of the annular airbag 104 due to excessive external water pressure, thereby ensuring that the annular airbag 104 works stably in a complex underwater environment and meets the needs of sampling or buoyancy adjustment. During the process of the air control circuit inflating the annular airbag 104, according to the set combination of the annular airbags 104, the solenoid valve 804 on the annular airbag 104 in the combination is controlled to open, and the air pump 801 inflates the disc-shaped airbag stabilizing portion 301 through the main air pipe 802. The air pump 801 inflates the annular airbag 104 in the selected combination through the bronchus 803 and the solenoid valve 804. When the real-time air pressure value in the annular airbag 104 is equal to the preset air pressure threshold of the airbag, the controller controls the solenoid valve 804 to close, thereby automatically inflating the next annular airbag 104, thereby achieving precise control of the overall buoyancy of the entire device, thereby further avoiding excessive sinking or tilting of the entire device during the sampling process.

[0035] As a preferred solution, Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of extension rods 5 are provided between the fixed rod 101 and the sampling tube 102, the plurality of extension rods 5 are coaxially arranged and connected end to end, and an annular air bag 104 is provided outside each extension rod 5. The extension rod 5 is a solid cylindrical structure, the diameter of the extension rod 5 is 3 cm, and the diameter of the extension rod 5 is the same as the diameter of the fixed rod 101, which is 3 cm. The plurality of extension rods 5 can be connected to each other through threads, and the extension rod 5 at the top is connected to the fixed rod 101 through threads, so that the entire sampling device can adapt to different water depths. By providing a plurality of extension rods 5, it is not only convenient to install the entire device, but also ensures that the entire device is sturdy and easy to carry, and by connecting the extension rods 5 to the sampling tube 102 and sinking it to the bottom of the water, the water depth of the water area can be estimated according to the number of extension rods 5 after the recording is completed.

[0036] As a preferred solution, Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, a stabilizing baffle 6 is provided between two adjacent annular airbags 104, and the stabilizing baffle 6 is in the shape of a round pancake, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the inflated annular airbag 104. By providing a plurality of stabilizing baffles 6, when each annular airbag 104 is inflated, the stabilizing baffle 6 can guide the deformation of the annular airbag 104, thereby ensuring that the deformation of the annular airbag 104 is more uniform, thereby preventing the annular airbag 104 from having different buoyancy on both sides of the annular airbag 104 due to uneven deformation, thereby further preventing the sampling tube 102 from being deflected due to different buoyancy on both sides of the annular airbag 104 when the sampling tube 102 is pulled out.

[0037] As a preferred solution, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the bottom end of the sampling tube 102 is provided with a drill bit 7, the drill bit 7 is an inverted cone structure, the top diameter of the drill bit 7 is the same as the bottom end of the sampling tube 102, and a material through hole is provided in the drill bit 7, and the diameter of the material through hole is the same as the inner diameter of the sample tube 103. By setting the drill bit 7, the drill bit 7 is hollow, the bottom diameter is the same as the sample tube 103, the top diameter is the same as the sampling tube 102, and the sample tube 103 is connected with the sampling tube 102 by a thread, so that the sample tube 103 can be conveniently fixed in the sampling tube 102, ensuring that the bottom mud sample remains columnar and is not loose and easy to be layered, and under the guidance of the tapered side wall of the drill bit 7, the sampling tube 102 can be more easily inserted into the bottom mud.

[0038] As a preferred solution, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a hammer head 2 is provided on the top of the fixed rod 101, and the hammer head 2 is aligned with the fixed rod 101. The surface of the hammer head 2 is thickened and has an anti-slip texture, and vertical downward pressure can be applied to the fixed rod 101 by hammering. The surface of the hammer head 2 is thickened and has an anti-slip texture, and vertical downward pressure is applied to the fixed rod 101 by hammering, thereby ensuring that the fixed rod 101 does not deflect when driving the sampling tube 102 to insert into the bottom mud, thereby further ensuring that the sample taken by the sampling tube 102 can accurately present the structure and composition of the vertical layer of the bottom mud.

[0039] As a preferred solution, Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the fixed rod 101 is a solid cylindrical structure, the outer wall of the fixed rod 101 is engraved with a first scale 901, and the outer side of the top of the fixed rod 101 is provided with an anti-skid rubber 902. Through the first scale 901 on the outer wall of the fixed rod 101, when the sampling tube 102 contacts the bottom mud surface, the first scale 901 of the fixed rod 101 is read, and after the device reaches the sampling depth, the first scale 901 is read again to obtain the sampling bottom mud depth, and the bottom mud compression ratio is calculated according to the first scale 901 read by the fixed rod 101 and the second scale of the sample tube 103, and the sample is layered according to the second scale of the sample tube 103, and finally the sampling operation is completed, and the bottom mud sampling depth can be recorded during the sampling process, and the anti-skid rubber 902 on the outer side of the top of the fixed rod 101 can facilitate the placement of the entire device.

[0040] The present invention also provides a method for sampling using an airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device, comprising the following steps: Align the sampling tube 102 with the sampling position to be sampled, insert the sampling tube 102 into the bottom mud, and the sampling tube 102 drives the sample tube 103 to be inserted into the bottom mud; After the sampling tube 102 is inserted to a predetermined depth, a combination of inflated annular airbags 104 and a preset air pressure threshold for inflation of each annular airbag 104 in the combination are calculated; By controlling the action of the air control circuit, the annular airbag 104 in the combination is inflated sequentially, and when the real-time air pressure value in the annular airbag 104 reaches a preset air pressure threshold, the inflation is automatically stopped; During the inflation process of the plurality of annular airbags 104, the inflation speed of the annular airbags 104 is controlled according to the upward movement speed of the sampling tube 102 to prevent the sampling tube 102 from moving upward too fast. The sampling tube 102 slowly moves upward under the action of the gradually increasing buoyancy of the multiple annular airbags 104 until the sampling tube 102 rises completely and then stops inflating the multiple annular airbags 104 to utilize the buoyancy of the multiple annular airbags 104 to complete the lifting of the device and complete the bottom mud sampling.

[0041] While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. An airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device, comprising a fixed rod (101) and a sampling tube (102), wherein the sampling tube (102) is arranged at the bottom end of the fixed rod (101), and a sample tube (103) for storing sediment samples is arranged inside the sampling tube (102), characterized in that: Also includes: A plurality of annular air bags (104) are arranged in a vertical direction, the plurality of annular air bags (104) are sleeved on the tube body of the sampling tube (102), and the water body applies buoyancy to the fixing rod (101) through the plurality of annular air bags (104); An air control circuit, connected to the plurality of annular airbags (104), the air control circuit being used to inflate the plurality of annular airbags (104); An air pressure sensor (105) is disposed in the annular airbag (104), and the air pressure sensor (105) is used to detect a real-time air pressure value in the annular airbag (104) in which the air pressure sensor (105) is located; The controller is electrically connected to the air pressure sensor (105) and the air control circuit. According to the depth to which the sampling tube (102) is to be inserted into the bottom mud and the viscosity of the bottom mud, the air pressure threshold of the annular air bag (104) where the air pressure sensor (105) is located is preset in the controller. When the real-time air pressure value of the annular air bag (104) detected by the air pressure sensor (105) is equal to the air pressure threshold, the controller controls the air control circuit to stop inflating the annular air bag (104), so that after the multiple annular air bags (104) are inflated, the total buoyancy applied by the water body to the multiple annular air bags (104) is greater than the total resistance applied by the bottom mud to the sampling tube (102) and the sample tube (103).

2. The airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratification sampling device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A round cake-shaped airbag stabilizing portion (301) is provided at the top of the fixing rod (101), the round cake-shaped airbag stabilizing portion (301) floats on the water surface, a vertical sliding hole is provided at the center of the round cake-shaped airbag stabilizing portion (301), an annular electromagnet (302) is installed inside the sliding hole, the annular electromagnet (302) is electrically connected to the controller, the outer wall of the fixing rod (101) is slidably connected to the sliding hole, the annular electromagnet (302) is used to adsorb the fixing rod (101), so that the sampling tube (102) is in a suspended state, and when the round cake-shaped airbag stabilizing portion (301) floats stably on the water surface, the controller controls the annular electromagnet (302) to be powered off, so that the sampling tube (102) sinks to the bottom of the water in a free-falling state.

3. The airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratification sampling device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bottom side wall of the sampling tube (102) is provided with a plurality of first water holes (401), the top side wall of the sampling tube (103) is provided with a plurality of second water holes (402), a gap (403) is left between the outer wall of the sampling tube (103) and the inner wall of the sampling tube (102), the second water holes (402) are connected with the first water holes (401) through the gap (403), and a double-flap one-way valve is provided at the bottom end of the sample tube (103), the double-flap one-way valve comprising a sealing ring (405) and two valve flaps (404), the sealing ring (405) being provided at the bottom end of the sample tube (103), the two valve flaps (404) being opposite to each other and connected to the sealing ring (405), the two valve flaps (404) being used to block the tube hole of the sample tube (103) and to provide one-way conduction when water and soil enter the tube hole of the sample tube (103).

4. The airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratification sampling device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air control circuit comprises an air pump (801), a main air pipe (802) and a controller. The air pump (801) is connected to a circular airbag stabilizing portion (301) via the main air pipe (802). The air pump (801) is connected to a plurality of bronchi (803). Each bronchus (803) is provided with a solenoid valve (804). Each bronchus (803) is connected to an annular airbag (104) via the solenoid valve (804). The controller is electrically connected to each solenoid valve (804). The controller controls the on / off of each solenoid valve (804) according to a real-time air pressure value of each annular airbag (104) and a preset air pressure threshold of the annular airbag (104).

5. The airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of extension rods (5) are provided between the fixing rod (101) and the sampling tube (102); the plurality of extension rods (5) are coaxially arranged and connected end to end; and an annular air bag (104) is provided outside each extension rod (5).

6. The airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A stabilizing baffle (6) is provided between two adjacent annular airbags (104); the stabilizing baffle (6) is in a round cake shape, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the inflated annular airbag (104).

7. The airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A drill bit (7) is provided at the bottom end of the sampling tube (102), the drill bit (7) being an inverted cone structure, the top diameter of the drill bit (7) being the same as the bottom end of the sampling tube (102), a material passage hole being provided in the drill bit (7), the diameter of the material passage hole being the same as the inner diameter of the sample tube (103).

8. The airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hammer head (2) is provided on the top of the fixing rod (101), and the hammer head (2) is aligned with the fixing rod (101).

9. The airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing rod (101) is a solid cylindrical structure, the outer wall of the fixing rod (101) is engraved with a first scale (901), and the outer side of the top end of the fixing rod (101) is provided with anti-slip rubber (902).

10. A method for sampling using the airbag-type large-volume and large-depth columnar sediment stratified sampling device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Align the sampling tube (102) with the desired sampling position, insert the sampling tube (102) into the bottom mud, and the sampling tube (102) drives the sample tube (103) to be inserted into the bottom mud; When the sampling tube (102) is inserted to a predetermined depth, a combination of inflated annular airbags (104) and a preset air pressure threshold for inflation of each annular airbag (104) in the combination are calculated; By controlling the action of the air control circuit, the annular airbags (104) in the combination are sequentially inflated, and when the real-time air pressure value in the annular airbags (104) reaches a preset air pressure threshold, the inflation is automatically stopped; During the inflation process of the plurality of annular airbags (104), the inflation speed of the annular airbags (104) is controlled according to the upward movement speed of the sampling tube (102) to prevent the upward movement speed of the sampling tube (102) from being too fast. Under the action of the gradually increasing buoyancy of the multiple annular airbags (104), the sampling tube (102) slowly moves upward until the sampling tube (102) is completely raised, and then the multiple annular airbags (104) are stopped from being inflated, so as to utilize the buoyancy of the multiple annular airbags (104) to complete the lifting of the device and complete the bottom mud sampling.

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