Liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device and method for canopy high and low temperature fatigue test

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device and method for a canopy high-low temperature fatigue test. The liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device comprises a supporting cylinder (3), and a vaporizer (1) and an atomizer (2) which are connected with each other are arranged in the supporting cylinder (3) in the axial direction; the vaporizer (1) comprises a vaporizer main liquid pipe (4) with two closed ends, a liquid inlet pipe (9) is connected to the side wall of the vaporizer main liquid pipe (4), the vaporizer main liquid pipe (4) is further connected with more than one group of first-stage refrigeration assemblies in the circumferential direction, and the first-stage refrigeration assemblies are connected with the atomizer (2); the first-stage refrigeration assembly comprises a liquid outlet pipe (11), an outlet of the liquid outlet pipe (11) is connected with an inlet of a vaporization fin (13), and an outlet of the vaporization fin (13) is connected with the atomizer (2). According to the liquid nitrogen vaporizing device, the requirements for the large cooling rate and the large opening degree of the liquid nitrogen valve position can be met, the requirements for the constant low temperature and the small opening degree of the liquid nitrogen valve position are met, and the problems of liquid nitrogen dropping and condensate water discharging are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft structure strength test, and in particular relates to a liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device and method for high and low temperature fatigue test of a canopy. Background Art

[0002] Under various mission profile flight conditions, the aircraft canopy is subjected to repeated high and low temperature loads and aerodynamic loads, causing the canopy surface temperature to alternate between high and low temperatures. In ground tests, the high and low temperature environments under typical mission profiles during flight are simulated, and a continuous and stable cold source needs to be provided to ensure that the canopy surface is cooled to meet the test requirements.

[0003] The liquid nitrogen vaporization and cooling device is used to realize the rapid vaporization of liquid nitrogen to absorb a large amount of heat energy, reduce the air temperature in the circulation pipeline, and meet the requirements of rapid cooling (cooling rate > 2℃ / s) and continuous low temperature (temperature <-50℃) environment required for aircraft canopy test, so as to achieve tracking control of low temperature curve in the test.

[0004] Although the liquid nitrogen evaporator used in the past has basically solved the problem of incomplete liquid nitrogen atomization and unsatisfactory cooling effect, in the low-temperature constant temperature section, when the liquid nitrogen opening is small (flow rate <0.014L / s), the liquid nitrogen pressure is low (pressure <50kPa), and there is no pressure source to produce the atomization effect, it is easy to cause the liquid nitrogen to not be atomized, the vaporization efficiency is low, and dripping occurs, affecting the test temperature control. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device and method for high and low temperature fatigue test of a canopy. The present invention can not only meet the requirements of large cooling rate and large opening of liquid nitrogen valve position, but also meet the requirements of liquid nitrogen vaporization device with constant low temperature and small opening of liquid nitrogen valve position, and solve the problem of liquid nitrogen dripping and condensed water discharge.

[0006] The technical solution is as follows: A liquid nitrogen vaporization and cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue tests of a canopy, comprising a support tube, in which a vaporizer and an atomizer are axially arranged to be interconnected; the vaporizer comprises a vaporizer main liquid pipe with closed ends, a liquid inlet pipe is connected to the side wall of the vaporizer main liquid pipe, and more than one set of primary refrigeration components are circumferentially connected, and the primary refrigeration component is connected to the atomizer; the primary refrigeration component comprises a liquid outlet pipe, the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of a vaporization fin, and the outlet of the vaporization fin is connected to the atomizer.

[0007] In the aforementioned liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of the canopy, the atomizer includes an atomizer main pipe, which is closed at one end close to the vaporizer and connected to the atomizer assembly at the other end. An atomizer liquid inlet pipe is connected to the side wall of the atomizer main pipe, and the inlet end of the atomizer liquid inlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the vaporizer fin; an atomizer support pipe is also connected to the side wall of the atomizer main pipe, and the connection position between the atomizer support pipe and the atomizer main pipe is located between the atomizer assembly and the atomizer liquid inlet pipe.

[0008] In the aforementioned liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of the canopy, the atomization assembly includes an atomization diverter, the inlet and outlet ends of the atomization diverter are both conical structures, a spiral flow channel is axially arranged on the surface of the atomization diverter, one end of the atomization diverter is threadedly connected to the end of the atomizer main pipe, and the other end of the atomization diverter is threadedly connected to the atomizer nozzle, the inner wall at the nozzle of the atomizer nozzle is a conical structure, and the gap between the conical structure and the conical structure at the outlet end of the atomization diverter is adjustable.

[0009] In the aforementioned liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of the canopy, a copper sealing gasket is provided between the atomizer nozzle and the atomizer main pipe.

[0010] In the aforementioned canopy high and low temperature fatigue test liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device, the connection structure between the liquid inlet pipe and the main liquid pipe of the vaporizer is: the main liquid pipe joint nut is inserted into the main liquid pipe joint, and the main liquid pipe joint is connected to the side wall of the main liquid pipe of the vaporizer by welding; the outer end of the inner joint of the liquid inlet pipe is connected to the liquid inlet pipe by welding; the sealing surface of the outer end of the main liquid pipe joint is a smooth spherical surface, and the sealing surface of the inner end of the inner joint of the liquid inlet pipe is a 74° inner cone surface. The combination of the main liquid pipe joint and the main liquid pipe joint nut is connected to the inner joint of the liquid inlet pipe by threaded connection to achieve a sealed connection between the outer end sealing surface of the main liquid pipe joint and the inner end sealing surface of the inner joint of the liquid inlet pipe.

[0011] In the aforementioned liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of the canopy, the connection structure between the liquid outlet pipe outlet and the vaporization fin inlet is as follows: the liquid outlet pipe nut is sleeved on the liquid outlet pipe outlet, and the liquid outlet pipe inlet is connected to the main liquid pipe of the vaporizer by welding; the sealing surface at the outlet end of the liquid outlet pipe is a smooth spherical surface, and the sealing surface at the inlet end of the vaporization fin is a 74° inner cone surface, and the combination of the liquid outlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe nut is threadedly connected to the vaporization fin through threads to achieve a sealed connection between the sealing surface at the outlet end of the liquid outlet pipe and the inner cone surface at the inlet end of the vaporization fin.

[0012] In the aforementioned liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of the canopy, the pipeline of the support tube is directly butted axially through the connecting flange, the fixed beam of the outer wall of the pipeline is connected and fixed to the connecting flange through a connecting angle piece, a fixed support is arranged on the fixed beam, a slope drainage groove is arranged on the outer wall of the pipeline along the axial direction, a drainage pipe is arranged at the lowest point of the slope drainage groove, and a plurality of water outlet holes are opened in the pipeline at the slope drainage groove.

[0013] The refrigeration method of the liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for the high and low temperature fatigue test of the canopy mentioned above is as follows: when in use, the device described in the present invention is installed in the piping system used for the test through a docking flange; when a low cooling rate and a constant low temperature are required, an air flow with a certain flow rate blown out from the piping system performs forced convection heat exchange on the vaporizer, vaporizes a small amount of liquid nitrogen in the vaporizer pipe into gas, realizes primary refrigeration, and the low-temperature nitrogen is quickly discharged through the atomizer support tube of the atomizer.

[0014] In the refrigeration method of the liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for the high and low temperature fatigue test of the canopy mentioned above, when rapid cooling is required, the liquid nitrogen passes through the vaporizer rapidly under the action of pressure and enters the atomizer. The liquid nitrogen passes through the spiral flow channel on the atomizer and sprays out a rapidly rotating fan-shaped spray surface at the outlet of the atomizer nozzle.

[0015] Beneficial effect: The two-stage liquid nitrogen vaporization device designed by the present invention can not only meet the rapid vaporization and rapid refrigeration of liquid nitrogen under the condition of large cooling rate (cooling rate>2°C / s), but also ensure the liquid nitrogen vaporization demand under the condition of low cooling rate (cooling rate<0.1°C / s) and low temperature constant (temperature<-50°C) with low energy demand. At the same time, the condensed water in the test process can be quickly discharged without affecting the normal progress of the test.

[0016] The vaporizer adopts a multi-branch structure with vaporization fins. The vaporization fins of each branch are distributed in a circular radial shape, which increases the heat exchange area and heat exchange coefficient of liquid nitrogen and further improves the vaporization efficiency of liquid nitrogen. The number of branches n≥5, the number of single-branch vaporization fins m≥6, the vaporization fin height h≥28mm, and the vaporization fin length L≥480mm (the definition of vaporization fin height h and vaporization fin length L is shown in Fig.12 ), which can achieve no dripping under low cooling rate (<0.1℃ / s) or low temperature constant (temperature <-50℃). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is the design drawing of the liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device;

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a carburetor;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an atomizer;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the support tube;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-section identification of the atomizer;

[0022] Figure 6 The figure is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the carburetor;

[0023] Figure 7 for Figure 5AA cross-sectional diagram of ;

[0024] Figure 8 for Figure 6 BB cross-sectional diagram;

[0025] Fig. 9 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of CC cross section;

[0026] Fig.10 It is a CC cross-sectional schematic diagram of the connection between the two liquid inlet pipes and the main liquid pipe of the vaporizer;

[0027] Fig.11 for Figure 6 DD cross-sectional diagram;

[0028] Fig.12 Schematic diagram for defining the vaporization fin height h and the vaporization fin length L.

[0029] In the figure, 1-vaporizer, 2-atomizer, 3-support tube, 4-vaporizer main liquid pipe, 5-vaporizer plug, 6-main liquid pipe joint, 7-main liquid pipe joint nut, 8-liquid inlet pipe inner joint, 9-liquid inlet pipe, 10-liquid inlet pipe outer joint, 11-liquid outlet pipe, 12-liquid outlet pipe nut, 13-vaporization fin, 14-atomizer nozzle, 15-atomizer splitter, 16-copper sealing gasket, 17-atomizer main pipe, 18 - atomizer joint, 19- atomizer nut, 20- atomizer support tube inner joint, 21- atomizer support tube, 22- atomizer support tube outer joint, 23- atomizer liquid inlet pipe, 24- atomizer liquid inlet pipe nut, 25- atomizer plug, 26- pipe, 27- connecting flange, 28- fixed beam, 29- fixed support, 30- slope drainage groove, 31- drainage pipe, 32- docking flange, 33- spiral flow channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1. A liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of a canopy, see Figure 1-Figure 12, including a support tube 3, in which a vaporizer 1 and an atomizer 2 are connected to each other along the axial direction; the vaporizer 1 includes a vaporizer main liquid pipe 4 with closed ends, a liquid inlet pipe 9 is connected to the side wall of the vaporizer main liquid pipe 4, and more than one set of primary refrigeration components are connected along the circumferential direction, and the primary refrigeration component is connected to the atomizer 2; the primary refrigeration component includes a liquid outlet pipe 11, the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe 11 is connected to the inlet of the vaporization fin 13, and the outlet of the vaporization fin 13 is connected to the atomizer 2.

[0032] The aforementioned atomizer 2 includes an atomizer main pipe 17, which is closed at one end close to the vaporizer 1 and connected to the atomizing assembly at the other end. An atomizer liquid inlet pipe 23 is connected to the side wall of the atomizer main pipe 17, and the inlet end of the atomizer liquid inlet pipe 23 is connected to the outlet of the vaporizing fin 13; an atomizer support pipe 21 is also connected to the side wall of the atomizer main pipe 17, and the connection position between the atomizer support pipe 21 and the atomizer main pipe 17 is located between the atomizing assembly and the atomizer liquid inlet pipe 23.

[0033] The aforementioned atomizing assembly includes an atomizing diverter 15, the inlet and outlet ends of the atomizing diverter 15 are both conical structures, a spiral flow channel 33 is axially arranged on the surface of the atomizing diverter 15, one end of the atomizing diverter 15 is threadedly connected to the end of the atomizing main pipe 17, and the other end of the atomizing diverter 15 is threadedly connected to the atomizing nozzle 14, the inner wall at the nozzle of the atomizing nozzle 14 is a conical structure, and the gap between the conical structure and the conical structure at the outlet end of the atomizing diverter 15 is adjustable.

[0034] A copper sealing gasket 16 is provided between the aforementioned atomizer nozzle 14 and the atomizer main pipe 17 .

[0035] The connection structure between the aforementioned liquid inlet pipe 9 and the main liquid pipe 4 of the vaporizer is as follows: the main liquid pipe joint nut 7 is inserted into the main liquid pipe joint 6, and the main liquid pipe joint 6 is connected to the side wall of the main liquid pipe 4 of the vaporizer by welding; the outer end of the inner joint 8 of the liquid inlet pipe is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 9 by welding; the outer end sealing surface of the main liquid pipe joint 6 is a smooth spherical surface, and the inner end sealing surface of the inner joint 8 of the liquid inlet pipe is a 74° inner cone surface. The combination of the main liquid pipe joint 6 and the main liquid pipe joint nut 7 is connected to the inner joint 8 of the liquid inlet pipe by threaded connection to achieve a sealed connection between the outer end sealing surface of the main liquid pipe joint 6 and the inner end sealing surface of the inner joint 8 of the liquid inlet pipe.

[0036] The aforementioned connection structure between the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe 11 and the inlet of the vaporization fin 13 is as follows: the liquid outlet pipe nut 12 is sleeved on the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe 11, and the inlet of the liquid outlet pipe 11 is connected to the main liquid pipe 4 of the vaporizer by welding; the sealing surface at the outlet end of the liquid outlet pipe 11 is a smooth spherical surface, and the sealing surface at the inlet end of the vaporization fin 13 is a 74° inner cone surface. The combination of the liquid outlet pipe 11 and the liquid outlet pipe nut 12 is threadedly connected to the vaporization fin 13 through threads to achieve a sealed connection between the sealing surface at the outlet end of the liquid outlet pipe 11 and the inner cone surface at the inlet end of the vaporization fin 13.

[0037] The pipe 26 of the aforementioned support tube 3 is directly connected axially through the connecting flange 27. The fixed beam 28 of the outer wall of the pipe 26 is connected and fixed to the connecting flange 27 through a connecting angle piece 32. A fixed support 29 is provided on the fixed beam 28. A slope drainage groove 30 is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the pipe 26 along the axial direction. A drainage pipe 31 is provided at the lowest point of the slope drainage groove 30. The pipe 26 has a plurality of water outlet holes at the slope drainage groove 30.

[0038] The refrigeration method of the liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for the high and low temperature fatigue test of the canopy mentioned above is as follows: when in use, the device described in the present invention is installed in the piping system used for the test through the docking flange 32; when a low cooling rate and a constant low temperature are required, an air flow with a certain flow rate blown out from the piping system performs forced convection heat exchange on the vaporizer 1, vaporizing a small amount of liquid nitrogen in the pipeline of the vaporizer 1 into gas, realizing primary refrigeration, and the low-temperature nitrogen is quickly discharged through the atomizer support tube 21 of the atomizer 2.

[0039] When rapid cooling is required, liquid nitrogen, under pressure, quickly passes through the vaporizer 1 and enters the atomizer 2. The liquid nitrogen passes through the spiral flow channel 33 on the atomizer and sprays out a rapidly rotating fan-shaped spray surface at the outlet of the atomizer nozzle 14.

[0040] Embodiment 2. Installation of the vaporizer 1: The vaporizer plug 5 is connected to the main liquid pipe 4 by welding, thereby achieving the blocking of both ends of the main liquid pipe 4. The main liquid pipe joint nut 7 is inserted into the main liquid pipe joint 6, and the main liquid pipe joint 6 is connected to the vaporizer main liquid pipe 4 by welding. The inlet pipe inner joint 8 and the inlet pipe outer joint 10 are connected to the inlet pipe 9 by welding. The sealing surface of the main liquid pipe joint 6 is designed to be a smooth spherical surface, and the sealing surface of the inlet pipe inner joint 8 is designed to be a 74° cone surface. The combination of the main liquid pipe joint 6 and the main liquid pipe joint nut 7 is sealed and connected to the inlet pipe inner joint 8 by threads. The outlet pipe nut 12 is inserted into the outlet pipe 11, and the outlet pipe 11 is connected to the vaporizer main liquid pipe 4 by welding. The outlet pipe 11 sealing surface is designed to be a smooth spherical surface, and the vaporization fin 13 joint is designed to be a 74° cone surface. The combination of the outlet pipe 11 and the outlet pipe nut 12 is sealed and connected to the vaporization fin 13 by threads.

[0041] Installation of atomizer 2: atomizer nozzle 14 adopts M40×2 internal thread, atomizer diverter 15 is grooved as upper swirl flow channel, adopts M40×2 external thread, atomizer main pipe 17 adopts M40×2 internal thread, atomizer nozzle 14 and atomizer main pipe 17 are connected to atomizer diverter 15 through thread, and sealed by copper sealing gasket 16. Atomizer nut 19 is inserted into atomizer joint 18 and connected to atomizer main pipe 17 by welding. The sealing surface of atomizer joint 18 is designed as a smooth spherical surface, and the sealing surface of joint 20 in atomizer support pipe is designed as a 74° cone surface. The combination of atomizer joint 18 and atomizer nut 19 is sealed and connected to joint 20 in atomizer support pipe by thread. Atomizer liquid inlet pipe nut 24 is inserted into atomizer liquid inlet pipe 23, and atomizer liquid inlet pipe 23 is connected to atomizer main pipe 17 by welding. The atomizer plug 25 is connected to the atomizer main pipe 17 by welding.

[0042] Installation of the support tube 3: the pipe 26 is directly connected through the connecting flange 27, the fixed beam 28 is connected and fixed to the connecting flange 27 through the connecting angle piece 32, the fixed support 29 is connected to the fixed beam 28 by bolts, the slope drainage groove 30 is welded to the pipe 26, the drainage pipe 31 is welded to the slope drainage groove 30, and the pipe 26 has a plurality of water outlet holes at the slope drainage groove 30. The condensed water gathers in the slope drainage groove 30 and is discharged through the drainage pipe 31.

[0043] Final assembly: The vaporizer 1 is sealedly connected to the atomizer 2 through the atomizer liquid inlet pipe 23 and the atomizer liquid inlet pipe joint 24, and the support tube 3 is installed with a fixed crossbeam 28 and a fixed support 29. The vaporizer 1 liquid inlet pipe external joint 10 is connected to the fixed support 29, and the atomizer support pipe external joint 22 is connected to the fixed support 29 to achieve the installation of the vaporizer 1, the atomizer 2 and the support tube 3.

[0044] When in use, the device described in the present invention is installed in the piping system used for the test through the docking flange 32, and the air flow is driven by the fan in the piping system to form an airflow. The airflow is cooled by the device described in the present invention, and the cooled airflow flows through the test piece to achieve cooling of the test piece.

[0045] The specific work points are as follows:

[0046] 1. When a low cooling rate and a constant low temperature are required, the airflow with a certain flow rate blown out by the duct fan of the canopy test bench performs forced convection heat exchange on the vaporizer, vaporizing a small amount of liquid nitrogen in the vaporizer pipe into gas, realizing primary refrigeration, and the low-temperature nitrogen is quickly discharged through the atomizer. The valve position output size is controlled by the test bench control system to achieve low cooling rate and precise control of the low-temperature constant section temperature.

[0047] 2. When rapid cooling is required, liquid nitrogen, under the action of pressure, quickly passes through the first-stage liquid nitrogen vaporizer and enters the second-stage atomizer. Liquid nitrogen passes through the spiral flow channel on the atomizer to form a rapidly rotating fan-shaped injection surface at the nozzle, producing an atomization effect and increasing the vaporization area, so that the liquid nitrogen quickly vaporizes and absorbs a large amount of heat energy. The gas in the canopy test bench pipeline is quickly cooled down, and the test bench control system is used to control the valve position output size to achieve rapid temperature control.

[0048] 3. The distributed vaporization fin design not only solves the connection support problem between the vaporizer and the atomizer, but also increases the vaporization area and improves the heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, the vaporization fins are arranged along the axis of the pipeline to avoid the increase of flow resistance in the pipeline.

[0049] 4. The installation depth of the diverter and nozzle in the atomizer is adjustable, and the liquid nitrogen output and atomization spray surface can be adjusted according to the test and debugging conditions.

[0050] 5. The smooth spherical surface and 74° cone surface are used to achieve sealing connection and quick sealing assembly. The modular design of liquid nitrogen vaporizer, atomizer, and support tube, and the two-stage pipeline flange connection installation are adopted to facilitate installation, disassembly and maintenance.

[0051] 6. Rapid discharge of condensed water: Add several water outlet holes under the pipeline and set up a drainage trough with a certain slope so that the condensed water generated during the test can be quickly discharged.

[0052] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is described in detail. The unexplained part is a conventional technology. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of a canopy, characterized in that: The invention comprises a support tube (3), wherein a vaporizer (1) and an atomizer (2) are axially arranged in the support tube (3) and are connected to each other; the vaporizer (1) comprises a vaporizer main liquid pipe (4) with both ends closed, a liquid inlet pipe (9) is connected to the side wall of the vaporizer main liquid pipe (4), and more than one group of primary refrigeration components are circumferentially connected, and the primary refrigeration components are connected to the atomizer (2); the primary refrigeration components comprise a liquid outlet pipe (11), the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe (11) is connected to the inlet of a vaporization fin (13), and the outlet of the vaporization fin (13) is connected to the atomizer (2).

2. The liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of canopy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The atomizer (2) comprises an atomizer main pipe (17), one end of the atomizer main pipe (17) close to the vaporizer (1) is closed, and the other end is connected to the atomizer assembly. The side wall of the atomizer main pipe (17) is connected to an atomizer liquid inlet pipe (23), and the inlet end of the atomizer liquid inlet pipe (23) is connected to the outlet of the vaporization fin (13); the side wall of the atomizer main pipe (17) is also connected to an atomizer support pipe (21), and the connection position of the atomizer support pipe (21) and the atomizer main pipe (17) is located between the atomizer assembly and the atomizer liquid inlet pipe (23).

3. The liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of canopy according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The atomizing assembly comprises an atomizing diverter (15), the inlet and outlet ends of the atomizing diverter (15) are both conical structures, a spiral flow channel (33) is arranged on the surface of the atomizing diverter (15) along the axial direction, one end of the atomizing diverter (15) is threadedly connected to the end of the atomizing main pipe (17), and the other end of the atomizing diverter (15) is threadedly connected to the atomizing nozzle (14), the inner wall of the atomizing nozzle (14) at the nozzle opening is conical structure, and the gap between the conical structure and the conical structure at the outlet end of the atomizing diverter (15) is adjustable.

4. The liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of canopy according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A copper sealing gasket (16) is provided between the atomizer nozzle (14) and the atomizer main pipe (17).

5. The liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of canopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection structure between the liquid inlet pipe (9) and the main liquid pipe (4) of the vaporizer is as follows: the main liquid pipe joint nut (7) is inserted into the main liquid pipe joint (6), and the main liquid pipe joint (6) is connected to the side wall of the main liquid pipe (4) of the vaporizer by welding; the outer end of the inner joint (8) of the liquid inlet pipe is connected to the liquid inlet pipe (9) by welding; the outer end sealing surface of the main liquid pipe joint (6) is a smooth spherical surface, and the inner end sealing surface of the inner joint (8) of the liquid inlet pipe is a 74° inner cone surface; the combination of the main liquid pipe joint (6) and the main liquid pipe joint nut (7) is connected to the inner joint (8) of the liquid inlet pipe by threaded connection to achieve a sealed connection between the outer end sealing surface of the main liquid pipe joint (6) and the inner end sealing surface of the inner joint (8) of the liquid inlet pipe.

6. The liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of canopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection structure between the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe (11) and the inlet of the vaporizing fin (13) is as follows: the liquid outlet pipe nut (12) is sleeved on the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe (11), and the inlet of the liquid outlet pipe (11) is connected to the main liquid pipe (4) of the vaporizer by welding; the sealing surface at the outlet end of the liquid outlet pipe (11) is a smooth spherical surface, and the sealing surface at the inlet end of the vaporizing fin (13) is a 74° inner cone surface; the combination of the liquid outlet pipe (11) and the liquid outlet pipe nut (12) is threadedly connected to the vaporizing fin (13) by threads to realize the sealing connection between the sealing surface at the outlet end of the liquid outlet pipe (11) and the inner cone surface at the inlet end of the vaporizing fin (13).

7. The liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of canopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pipe (26) of the support cylinder (3) is directly butted together in the axial direction through a connecting flange (27); a fixed crossbeam (28) on the outer wall of the pipe (26) is connected and fixed to the connecting flange (27) through a connecting angle piece (32); a fixed support (29) is arranged on the fixed crossbeam (28); a slope drainage groove (30) is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the pipe (26) in the axial direction; a drainage pipe (31) is arranged at the lowest point of the slope drainage groove (30); and a plurality of water outlet holes are opened in the pipe (26) at the slope drainage groove (30).

8. A refrigeration method for a canopy high and low temperature fatigue test liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: When in use, the device of the present invention is installed in a pipeline system used for testing through a docking flange (32); when a low cooling rate and a constant low temperature are required, an airflow with a certain flow rate blown out from the pipeline system performs forced convection heat exchange on the vaporizer (1), vaporizing a small amount of liquid nitrogen in the pipeline of the vaporizer (1) into gas, realizing primary refrigeration, and the low-temperature nitrogen is quickly discharged through the atomizer support pipe (21) of the atomizer (2).

9. The refrigeration method of the liquid nitrogen vaporization cooling device for high and low temperature fatigue test of the canopy according to claim 8, characterized in that: When rapid cooling is required, liquid nitrogen, under the action of pressure, quickly passes through the vaporizer (1) and enters the atomizer (2). The liquid nitrogen passes through the spiral flow channel (33) on the atomizer and is sprayed out at the outlet of the atomizer nozzle (14) to form a rapidly rotating fan-shaped spray surface.

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