Dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dam environment analysis, and discloses a dam multi-environmental-factor monitoring system and method.The system comprises a region classification module, a river area analysis module, a river area analysis module, a river area analysis module, a river area analysis module, a river area analysis module and a dam environment analysis module, and the region classification module is used for recognizing and classifying a region where a dam is located; the river area flow velocity, the river area water containing amount and the river area of a river intercepted by the dam; the environment factor module is used for monitoring the environment temperature, the wind speed and the air humidity of the dam, establishing a dam environment factor sequence class with an area label of the river region, obtaining an environment factor identifier with the area label, constructing a virtual area of the upstream rainfall of the dam, and displaying the virtual area of the upstream rainfall of the dam. The rainfall module is used for acquiring the virtual area of the dam and acquiring the upstream rainfall of the dam according to the virtual area, and the environment monitoring module is used for receiving the upstream rainfall of the dam and monitoring the rainfall influencing the environment of the dam, so that the real-time distribution of the upstream river region rainfall of the dam is monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of dam environmental analysis and discloses a dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system and method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the weather forecast for the upstream area of ​​the dam is basically based on the weather forecast data obtained from public channels. Due to the water flow blocking effect of the dam, a large amount of water resources are often silted up in the upstream area, resulting in complex environmental factors in the upstream area of ​​the dam, which is often more prone to local rainfall. Therefore, the current weather forecast for the upstream area of ​​the dam is inaccurate, and there are many deficiencies in the monitoring of dam safety hazards. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system and method, including: A region classification module to identify and classify the regions where the dams are located; The river classification module is used to obtain the flow velocity, water volume and area of ​​the river intercepted by the dam, and divide the river into regions; Environmental factor module, used to monitor the dam environment temperature, wind speed and air humidity, and to establish a dam environmental factor sequence class with regional labels of the river basin; A rainfall module constructs a virtual area of ​​rainfall upstream of the dam by acquiring environmental factor identifiers with regional labels, and obtains the rainfall upstream of the dam through the virtual area; The environmental monitoring module is used to receive rainfall upstream of the dam and monitor the rainfall's impact on the dam's environment.

[0004] As a preferred solution of the dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system of the present invention, wherein: The regional classification module includes regional division, classification standards and data storage; The said zoning classifies the areas where dams are located according to geographical location, climate type and geological conditions; The classification of areas where dams are located includes mountainous areas, plains, coastal areas and plateaus; The data storage is used to store the classification results of the regions in the database.

[0005] As a preferred solution of the dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system of the present invention, wherein: The river classification module includes a sensing unit, a recognition unit and an analysis unit; The sensor unit is arranged in the river area upstream of the dam and is used to collect water level height and water level data; The identification unit is used to obtain the boundary and area of ​​the river basin upstream of the dam, and to draw the topography of the river basin upstream of the dam; The analysis unit is used to receive water level height, water level data, river basin topography upstream of the dam, river basin boundary and area upstream of the dam, obtain flow velocity of the river basin upstream of the dam, and classify the river basin upstream of the dam into high-speed zone, medium-speed zone and low-speed zone.

[0006] As a preferred solution of the dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system of the present invention, wherein: The environmental factor sequence class includes a class name, a dam identifier, a river area label and a data item; The river area label is used to store the dam environmental data label quantity under the timestamps of the dam high-speed zone, medium-speed zone and low-speed zone. The dam environmental factor sequence class receives temperature, wind speed, humidity and recording time as input parameters. If the recording time is not provided, the current system time is used to create a dam environmental data item containing the recording time, temperature, wind speed and humidity. An environmental factor data list is established through the environmental data label quantity and the dam environmental data item, and the dam environmental data item is added to the end of the environmental factor data list.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system of the present invention, wherein: The rainfall module receives the environmental factor data list, and sets the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone, the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone and the virtual area of ​​the medium-speed zone, sets initial weights for the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone, the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone and the virtual area of ​​the medium-speed zone, and sets a sub-virtual area through the dam environmental area; The initial weights are used to quantify rainfall.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system of the present invention, wherein: The river sections with varying flow rates are divided into different sub-areas by topography, land use type and meteorological conditions; A factor association matrix is ​​constructed to record the rainfall correlation coefficients of multiple sub-virtual areas in each virtual area, and the mutual influence degree of actual rainfall in each virtual area is obtained through the factor association matrix. As the rainfall correlation coefficients of multiple sub-virtual areas increase, the determinant of the factor association matrix increases, and the mutual influence degree of actual rainfall in adjacent sub-virtual areas in the dam virtual area increases; as the rainfall correlation coefficients of multiple sub-virtual areas decrease, the determinant of the factor association matrix decreases, and the mutual influence degree of actual rainfall in adjacent sub-virtual areas of the dam virtual area decreases.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system of the present invention, wherein: Calculate the actual area of ​​each sub-virtual area in the virtual area, and obtain the theoretical rainfall of the sub-virtual area by comparing the actual area; Set initial weights for different sub-virtual areas and dynamically adjust the initial weights through terrain area analysis; The actual rainfall of each sub-virtual area is obtained through the theoretical rainfall and the dynamically adjusted initial weight, and the actual rainfall of each sub-virtual area is superimposed to obtain the rainfall of the virtual area.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system of the present invention, wherein: Based on historical rainfall data and dam standards, the rainfall classification standard is formulated. The environmental monitoring module receives the rainfall of the virtual area, traverses the rainfall of all virtual areas, obtains the rainfall-hit areas, and analyzes whether there are any dam safety hazards through the virtual area; If the rainfall in the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone is greater than the rainfall threshold of the high-speed zone, flood discharge is required in advance; if the rainfall in the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone is less than the rainfall threshold of the high-speed zone, flood discharge is required; if the rainfall in the medium-speed zone is greater than the rainfall threshold of the medium-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required; if the rainfall in the medium-speed zone is less than the rainfall threshold of the medium-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required; if the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone is greater than the rainfall threshold of the low-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required; if the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone is less than the rainfall threshold of the low-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required.

[0011] A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring method, comprising: Identify and classify the areas where the dams are located, obtain the flow velocity, water volume and area of ​​the rivers intercepted by the dams, and divide the rivers into regions; Monitor the dam's ambient temperature, wind speed, and air humidity, and establish a dam environmental factor sequence class with a regional label for the river basin; Obtaining environmental factor identifiers with regional labels, constructing a virtual area of ​​rainfall upstream of the dam, and obtaining the rainfall upstream of the dam through the virtual area; The virtual area includes multiple sub-virtual areas. By setting initial weights, the rainfall distribution of different terrains in the sub-virtual areas is obtained, and the initial weights are adjusted in real time according to natural factors; Through the correlation between the rainfall upstream of the dam and the rainfall distribution in different terrains of the sub-virtual area, the rainfall distribution in the basin upstream of the dam is obtained in real time.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the dam multi-environmental factor monitoring method of the present invention, wherein: A factor correlation matrix was constructed to obtain the correlation coefficients of rainfall in different terrains of multiple sub-virtual areas, and the mutual influence degree of actual rainfall in each virtual area was analyzed.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention proposes a dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system and method. Based on environmental factor data, virtual areas and initial weights of different dam river basins are set, virtual areas are divided in combination with terrain, land use type and meteorological conditions, a factor association matrix is ​​constructed to analyze the correlation of rainfall in sub-virtual areas, the weights are dynamically adjusted, and the rainfall in each virtual area is accurately calculated to provide key data for dam safety assessment. An environmental monitoring module is set, and a rainfall grade classification standard is formulated according to historical rainfall data and dam standards. The rainfall of the virtual area is received, and the rainfall-stricken areas are obtained through traversal analysis. According to the comparison between the rainfall of virtual areas in different river basins and the threshold, it is determined whether flood discharge is needed and whether flood discharge is needed in advance, so as to effectively monitor and respond to the safety hazards of the dam and ensure the safe operation of the dam. At the same time, the present invention analyzes the influence of multiple environmental factors in the river basin upstream of the dam on rainfall, avoids the error of weather forecast, and analyzes the rainfall in detail according to the real-time geographical conditions of the dam, thereby enhancing the accuracy of dam safety detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them: Figure 1 A system composition diagram of a dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system according to the present invention; Figure 2 It is a sub-virtual area topological diagram of a dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system of the present invention; Figure 3 A virtual area topological diagram of a dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system according to the present invention; Figure 4 The present invention discloses a rainfall weight distribution diagram of a sub-virtual area of ​​a dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0016] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0017] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0018] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system includes A region classification module to identify and classify the regions where the dams are located; The regional classification module includes regional division, classification standards and data storage; The specific implementation method includes establishing a dam area classification table in advance, classifying different areas according to rules (such as administrative regions, geographical regions, etc.), and determining the category of the area where the dam is located by comparing the input area information with the classification table.

[0019] The areas where dams are located are classified into mountainous areas, plains, coastal areas and plateaus.

[0020] By comparing with global geographic data (such as world map vector data), the approximate geographical location of the dam can be determined. For example, if the dam is located at a certain distance from the ocean (such as within 20 kilometers of the coastline), it can be preliminarily determined to be a coastal area. If the average altitude of the area where the dam is located exceeds a certain threshold (such as 500 meters) and the terrain is relatively undulating (such as a height difference of more than 200 meters), it is classified as a mountainous area.

[0021] The data storage is used to store the classification results of the regions in the database.

[0022] Collect geological survey reports of the area where the dam is located to obtain information such as stratigraphic structure and rock type. If the dam area is mainly composed of hard rocks such as granite and sandstone, and the terrain is high, it is a mountainous area or plateau. If the geological structure is mainly composed of loose sediments such as clay and silt, and the terrain is flat, it is a characteristic of a plain area. If special geological signs such as marine deposits appear, it is a coastal area.

[0023] The classification standards include: average altitude greater than 500 meters, relative height difference greater than 200 meters, obvious terrain undulations, more peaks and valleys are mountainous areas, temperature changes significantly with altitude, precipitation varies greatly between windward and leeward slopes in mountainous areas, there are vertical climate zones, mountainous areas are mainly composed of hard rocks, and there may be faults, folds and other geological structures; flat terrain, average altitude generally less than 200 meters, small terrain undulations, and slopes usually less than 5° are plains. The climate in plains is relatively stable, and the spatial variation of temperature and precipitation is small. Plains are mainly composed of loose sediments, such as river alluvial deposits and lake sediments; close to the sea Ocean, generally within 20 kilometers from the coastline, with coastal landforms such as beaches and sand dunes, it is coastal and is greatly affected by the ocean. The annual and daily temperature differences are relatively small, the precipitation is relatively abundant and the seasonal distribution is relatively even. There are marine sedimentary layers along the coast, such as shell layers and sea sand layers, and it may also be affected by ocean dynamics (such as waves and tides); the average altitude is greater than 1,000 meters, the terrain is relatively flat or has certain undulations, which is a plateau. The temperature on the plateau is lower, the air pressure is lower, the solar radiation is strong, the precipitation is relatively less, the climate is dry, the rock types on the plateau are diverse, and there may be large-scale volcanic rocks and metamorphic rocks, etc., and the geological structure is stable.

[0024] For data storage, choose a relational database, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc. Taking MySQL as an example, MySQL has the characteristics of open source, good performance, and easy maintenance, and is suitable for storing structured data.

[0025] The river classification module is used to obtain the flow velocity, water volume and area of ​​the river intercepted by the dam, and divide the river into regions; The river classification module includes a sensing unit, a recognition unit, and an analysis unit; The sensor unit is set up in the river area upstream of the dam to collect water level height and water level data, and obtain the flow velocity of the river area through the water level height and water level data; The identification unit is used to obtain the boundary and area of ​​the river basin upstream of the dam and to draw the topography of the river basin upstream of the dam; The analysis unit is used for receiving water level height, water level data, river basin topography upstream of the dam, river basin boundary and area upstream of the dam, obtaining flow velocity of the river basin upstream of the dam, and classifying the river basin upstream of the dam into a high-speed zone, a medium-speed zone and a low-speed zone.

[0026] The specific implementation methods of the river classification module include: Multiple water level monitoring stations are set up in the river basin, and the water level height is measured by water level sensors (such as pressure water level gauges, radar water level gauges, etc.). The water level data is also transmitted to the data acquisition server through wireless communication. Combined with the cross-sectional data of the river basin (obtained through topographic measurement) and real-time water level data, hydraulic formulas (such as Manning's formula) are used to calculate the flow at different locations in the river basin. For example, the cross-sectional shape, roughness coefficient, slope, real-time water level and flow of the river section are obtained. For example, the flow of the entire river basin is obtained by accumulating the flow of multiple sections, and the water volume of the river basin is obtained according to the time integral. Finally, the calculated water volume data of the river basin is stored in a database (such as MySQL) and updated at preset time intervals (such as every hour or every day).

[0027] Furthermore, high-resolution satellite images or aerial photogrammetry data are combined with GIS software to outline the river boundaries and calculate the area. Image recognition technology and the spatial analysis function of GIS can be used to accurately obtain the planar area of ​​the river. For areas with complex river terrain or high-precision data, field measurements (such as using total stations, GPS measuring instruments, etc.) are combined to obtain terrain data, and the area calculated using the image data is calibrated and corrected.

[0028] If the average flow velocity of the river basin is greater than the set threshold (such as 5m / s), and the terrain in the area is relatively narrow and the drop is large (judged in combination with terrain data), it is a high-speed area; if the average flow velocity is between 2-5m / s, the regional terrain is relatively open, and the water flow is relatively stable, it is a medium-speed area; if the average flow velocity is less than 2m / s, it is located on the inside of the river bend, in the backwater area such as the river branch or reservoir, the water flow is slow and siltation is prone to occur, then it is a low-speed area.

[0029] Furthermore, combined with the regional classification results, if the dam is located in a mountainous area, the river basin has the characteristics of fast flow and large drop, most of the river basin is divided into high-speed area or medium-speed area, and the river basin area is relatively small but the water flow is turbulent. In the division of mountain river basins, the influence of special terrains such as canyons and waterfalls on water flow is included; for rivers intercepted by dams in plain areas, the river basin flow velocity is relatively slow and the river basin area is large. Most areas are divided into medium-speed area and low-speed area, and the area of ​​low-speed area is relatively large, because the plain area is flat and the water flow energy gradually dissipates; coastal river basins are greatly affected by tides, near the estuary, The water flow speed will change with the rise and fall of the tide. When the tide is high, seawater will flow back and the flow speed may decrease. Some areas are divided into low-speed areas. When the tide is low, the river water will flow down and the flow speed will increase, resulting in medium-speed areas or high-speed areas. At the same time, the coastal river basins have special landforms such as estuary deltas, and there are special environmental factors that affect the river area and water flow characteristics. The rivers in the plateau areas have a freezing period due to the high altitude and low temperature. In the non-freezing period, the flow speed of the river basin depends on the terrain and precipitation. If the plateau terrain is relatively flat, the river basin will be mainly in the medium-speed area; if there is a plateau canyon, it will be divided into medium-speed areas and high-speed areas. Environmental factor module, used to measure the ambient temperature, wind speed and air humidity of the dam, and to establish a dam environmental factor sequence class with regional labels of the river basin; The environmental factor sequence class includes a class name, a dam identifier, a river area label and a data item; The river area tag is used to store the dam environmental data tag quantity under the timestamps of the dam high-speed zone, medium-speed zone and low-speed zone. The dam environmental factor sequence class receives temperature, wind speed, humidity and recording time as input parameters. If the recording time is not provided, the current system time is used by default to create a dam environmental data item containing recording time, temperature, wind speed and humidity. The environmental factor data list is established through the environmental data tag quantity and the dam environmental data item, and the dam environmental data item is added to the end of the environmental factor data list.

[0030] The specific implementation method of the environmental factor module includes establishing an environmental factor sequence class with the class name DamEnvironmentFactorSequence, establishing a dam ID (Dam ID) to uniquely identify the dam, which is convenient for distinguishing and associating among multiple dam data, establishing a river region label (River Region Label) to indicate the river region corresponding to the environmental factor data, such as high-speed area, medium-speed area, low-speed area, etc., and establishing an environmental factor data list (EnvironmentFactors List) to store environmental factor data at multiple time points. Each data item contains recording time, temperature, wind speed and humidity.

[0031] Furthermore, when creating an instance of the DamEnvironmentFactorSequence class, the dam ID and river area label are passed in as parameters, memory space is allocated for the instance, the passed in dam ID and river area label are assigned values, the environmental factor data list is initialized to empty, and when a set of environmental factor data needs to be added to the sequence, temperature, wind speed, humidity and recording time are received as input parameters. If the recording time is not provided, the current system time is used by default, and a data item containing the recording time, temperature, wind speed and humidity is created, and the data item is added to the end of the environmental factor data list.

[0032] Further, all environmental factor data are obtained, and a function for obtaining all environmental factor data is called. After the acquisition is completed, the pointer address of the environmental factor data is directly returned to the initial end of the environmental factor data list.

[0033] Furthermore, when calculating the average temperature of all records, first check whether the environmental factor data list is empty. If the list is empty, return 0, traverse the environmental factor data list, accumulate the temperature values ​​in each data item, divide the accumulated temperature sum by the number of data items, get the average temperature and return it. If the list is not empty, call the dam temperature with a timestamp through the temperature pointer address.

[0034] Furthermore, when calculating the average wind speed of all records, check whether the environmental factor data list is empty; If the list is empty, it returns 0, traverses the environmental factor data list, accumulates the wind speed value in each data item, divides the accumulated wind speed sum by the number of data items, obtains the average wind speed and returns it. If it is a non-empty value, the wind speed pointer address retrieves the dam wind speed with a timestamp.

[0035] Furthermore, when calculating the average humidity of all records, first check whether the environmental factor data list is empty. If the list is empty, return 0, traverse the environmental factor data list, accumulate the humidity values ​​in each data item, divide the accumulated humidity sum by the number of data items, get the average humidity and return it. If it is a non-empty value, the humidity pointer address calls the dam humidity with a timestamp.

[0036] Furthermore, when filtering environmental factor data according to a specified time range, the start time and end time are received as input parameters, the environmental factor data list is traversed, and it is checked whether the recording time of each data item is between the start time and the end time. The data items that meet the time range are filtered out, a new list is formed and returned.

[0037] A rainfall module constructs a virtual area of ​​rainfall upstream of the dam by acquiring environmental factor identifiers with regional labels, and obtains the rainfall upstream of the dam through the virtual area; The rainfall module receives the environmental factor data list, and sets the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone, the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone and the virtual area of ​​the medium-speed zone, sets initial weights for the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone, the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone and the virtual area of ​​the medium-speed zone, and sets a sub-virtual area through the dam environmental area; Furthermore, the specific implementation method of setting the sub-virtual area of ​​the dam environment area includes: The river basin upstream of the dam is divided into multiple virtual areas, and each virtual area is set into multiple sub-virtual areas according to different environmental zones of the river basin upstream of the dam.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, virtual area 1 is the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone, virtual area 2 is the virtual area of ​​the medium-high-speed zone, virtual area 3 is the virtual area of ​​the medium-speed zone, and virtual area 4 is the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone; like Figure 4 As shown, sub-virtual area 1 and sub-virtual area 2 constitute the high-speed zone virtual area, the weight of sub-virtual area 1 is 0.6, the weight of sub-virtual area 2 is 0.4, sub-virtual area 3, sub-virtual area 4 and sub-virtual area 5 constitute the medium- and high-speed virtual area, the weight of sub-virtual area 5 is 0.7, the weight of sub-virtual area 3 is 0.1, and the weight of sub-virtual area 4 is 0.2, sub-virtual area 6 and sub-virtual area 7 constitute the low-speed virtual area, the weight of sub-virtual area 6 is 0.3, and the weight of sub-virtual area 7 is 0.4, sub-virtual area 10, sub-virtual area 9 and sub-virtual area 8 constitute the medium-speed virtual area, the weight of sub-virtual area 10 is 0.3, the weight of sub-virtual area 9 is 0.5, and the weight of sub-virtual area 8 is 0.2.

[0039] The initial weights are used to quantify rainfall; The river sections with obvious flow velocity changes are divided into different sub-areas by topography, land use type and meteorological conditions; The interrelationships between environments are set by sub-virtual areas, and the factor correlation matrix is ​​constructed; Calculate the actual area of ​​each sub-virtual area in the virtual area, and obtain the theoretical rainfall of the sub-virtual area by comparing the actual area; Set initial weights for different sub-virtual areas and dynamically adjust the initial weights through terrain area analysis; The actual rainfall of each sub-virtual area is obtained through the theoretical rainfall and the dynamically adjusted initial weight, and the rainfall of the virtual area is obtained by superimposing the actual rainfall of each sub-virtual area; Based on historical rainfall data and dam standards, the rainfall classification standard is formulated. The environmental monitoring module receives the rainfall of the virtual area, traverses the rainfall of all virtual areas, obtains the rainfall-hit areas, and analyzes whether there are any dam safety hazards through the virtual area; If the rainfall in the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone is greater than the rainfall threshold of the high-speed zone, flood discharge is required in advance; if the rainfall in the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone is less than the rainfall threshold of the high-speed zone, flood discharge is required; if the rainfall in the medium-speed zone is greater than the rainfall threshold of the medium-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required; if the rainfall in the medium-speed zone is less than the rainfall threshold of the medium-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required; if the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone is greater than the rainfall threshold of the low-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required; if the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone is less than the rainfall threshold of the low-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required; the high-speed zone rainfall threshold, medium-speed zone rainfall threshold and low-speed zone rainfall threshold are determined by technical personnel in this field in combination with actual conditions.

[0040] The specific implementation methods of the rainfall module include: First, the environmental factor identification with the river area label is obtained from the environmental factor module. The environmental factor identification contains environmental information such as temperature, wind speed, humidity, and corresponding river area labels (such as high-speed area, medium-speed area, low-speed area, etc.). At the same time, the correspondence between the environmental factors and the upstream area of ​​the dam is established, and the virtual area is constructed through the geographic information data of the upstream area of ​​the dam, including topographic data (such as digital elevation model DEM), land use type data, water system distribution data, etc.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the river basin upstream of the dam includes virtual area 1, virtual area 2, virtual area 3 and virtual area 4. Different virtual area labels represent environmental factor identifiers of different river basin area labels.

[0042] Secondly, the sub-virtual areas are divided according to the topography, land use type and meteorological conditions of the river basin. For example, the river section with obvious flow velocity changes can be divided into different sub-areas based on the topography, land use type and meteorological conditions. For the topography, it is divided according to the altitude, slope and slope aspect. The land use type can be divided into forest, farmland, city, water area, etc. The meteorological conditions are divided into the spatial distribution of temperature, humidity and wind speed. For the land use type, the adjacent forests and farmlands are divided into different sub-areas, and overlay analysis is performed to generate sub-virtual areas with consistent environmental characteristics and rainfall characteristics.

[0043] Furthermore, the interrelationships between the environments were set through sub-virtual areas, and the factor correlation matrix was constructed to determine the degree of coupling of the sub-virtual areas on the rainfall process. For example, in mountainous forest areas, topography and land use type were interrelated with the effects of rainfall interception and runoff.

[0044] Furthermore, initial weights are set for different sub-virtual areas, with the default setting being 1.0. The initial weights are dynamically adjusted through terrain area analysis. For example, for areas with complex terrain, the weight adjustment range is expanded. In mountainous canyon areas, the weights of areas with windward slopes and complex terrain are set to 0.5-0.8, and the weights of areas with leeward slopes and gentle terrain are set to 0.3-0.6. For example, for seasonal farmland and forest, during the peak growth period of crops, the interception and transpiration of farmland are enhanced, and the weight is increased. The forest canopy density is different in different seasons, and the different canopy density affects rainfall interception, and the weights are adjusted at the same time. The forest area weight is adjusted to 0.4-0.8, and the urban area weight can be adjusted to 0.8-0.9 in the rainy season according to the drainage system conditions.

[0045] Furthermore, the setting of the initial weight of the sub-virtual area also takes into account the combined effects of humidity, temperature, wind speed and air pressure. For example, in areas with high temperature and high humidity and low wind speed, the possibility of rainfall and rainfall amount are relatively large, and the weight is set to 0.5-0.7; in areas with low temperature and low humidity and high wind speed, the weight is set to 0.1-0.3. Rivers with fast flow may affect the surrounding air humidity and air flow movement, and have an impact on rainfall. The weight of the area surrounding the river in the high-speed zone is set to 0.6-0.8, and the weight of the area surrounding the river in the low-speed zone is set to 0.7-0.9.

[0046] By comprehensively analyzing the topography, land use type and meteorological conditions of different areas in the river basin, the river sections with obvious flow velocity changes are divided into different sub-areas, and then sub-virtual areas with consistent environmental characteristics and rainfall characteristics are generated. This division method based on regional characteristics fully considers the spatial differences of different regions during the rainfall process and can more accurately reflect the unique impact of each region on rainfall.

[0047] The sub-virtual areas are used to set the interrelationships between environments, construct the factor correlation matrix, and determine the degree of coupling of the sub-virtual areas on the rainfall process. For example, in mountainous forest areas, the interrelationships between topography and land use types on rainfall interception and runoff are reflected, which helps to understand how various environmental factors in different regions synergistically affect rainfall, thereby more accurately simulating the spatial changes in rainfall.

[0048] The specific implementation method for obtaining the sub-virtual area includes: For each sub-virtual area, the actual area of ​​the sub-virtual area is calculated according to the boundary coordinates of the polygon. For areas with regular shapes (such as rectangles and triangles), geometric formulas are used for calculation. For areas with irregular shapes, the sub-virtual area is divided into n squares with a side length of k, so that the side length of the irregular virtual area is infinitely close to the length of the straight line. The size of the entire irregular virtual area is obtained by calculating the accumulated length of the straight line.

[0049] The specific implementation methods for establishing the factor correlation matrix include: The theoretical rainfall is obtained by the size of each sub-virtual area. The theoretical rainfall of each sub-area is multiplied by the weight to obtain the influence of multiple environmental factors on the rainfall of the virtual area of ​​the sub-area. The weight is used to describe the proportion of rainfall. For example, the theoretical rainfall of a sub-virtual area is S, and the proportion of rainfall affected by the geographical conditions of the sub-virtual area is z, then P=S×z, and P is used to describe the actual rainfall of the sub-virtual area.

[0050] The rainfall in the high-speed virtual area, medium-speed virtual area and low-speed virtual area is weighted averaged to obtain the comprehensive rainfall in the river basin upstream of the dam. The weight is determined according to factors such as the importance of each area and the degree of impact on the dam. For example, if the water flow in the high-speed area has a large impact on the dam, a higher weight can be given to highlight the differences in the impact of different river areas on the overall rainfall of the dam, and more accurately assess the impact of the comprehensive rainfall in the river basin upstream of the dam on the dam, providing more targeted data support for dam safety management and decision-making.

[0051] The specific implementation method of setting the mutual relationship between environments by sub-virtual areas and constructing the factor correlation matrix includes: Determine the factors and sub-virtual areas involved in constructing the factor association matrix. The factors affecting the rainfall process mainly include topography (slope, aspect, altitude, etc.), land use type (forest, city, farmland, etc.), and meteorological conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, etc.). The sub-virtual areas are divided according to river sections with obvious changes in flow velocity, combined with topography, land use type and meteorological conditions.

[0052] Furthermore, the data of each influencing factor of each sub-virtual area is standardized.

[0053] Furthermore, the number of rows and columns of the matrix is ​​equal to the number of influencing factors plus the number of sub-virtual regions. Assuming there are A influencing factors and B sub-virtual regions, the dimension of the factor association matrix is ​​(A+B)×(A+B), where the elements include the Ath influencing factor of the Bth region.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, it includes a sub-virtual area Z1 and a sub-virtual area Z2. The sub-virtual area Z1 includes a windward slope and a leeward slope, and the sub-virtual area Z2 includes a windward slope and a leeward slope. By calculating the rainfall on the windward slope and the leeward slope in the sub-virtual area Z1 and the sub-virtual area Z2, the correlation coefficient between the two is calculated, and the correlation between adjacent or non-adjacent terrains in the sub-virtual area Z1 and the sub-virtual area Z2 is obtained.

[0055] Furthermore, the elements in the matrix are determined. The matrix elements are the correlation coefficients of the two sub-virtual areas. The correlation coefficient is obtained through the two influencing factor data series, the means of the two influencing factor data series and the total sample size. The correlation coefficient takes a value of [-1,1]. The closer the absolute value of the correlation coefficient is to 1, the stronger the correlation is. The correlation coefficient is obtained by the Pearson correlation coefficient calculation method.

[0056] The above correlation coefficients are all correlation coefficients of rainfall.

[0057] Substitute the correlation coefficients between the windward slope and leeward slope of the sub-virtual area Z1 and the windward slope and leeward slope of the sub-virtual area Z2 into the factor correlation matrix; The main diagonal elements of the matrix represent the degree of correlation between the elements themselves and are usually assigned a value of 1.

[0058] The factor association matrix is ​​constructed to record the influence of the sub-virtual area on the rainfall process through the association values ​​of all influencing factors in each sub-virtual area.

[0059] In this application, sub-virtual region and sub-virtual area represent the same meaning.

[0060] A factor association matrix is ​​constructed to record the rainfall correlation coefficients of multiple sub-virtual areas in each virtual area, and the mutual influence degree of actual rainfall in each virtual area is obtained through the factor association matrix. If the rainfall correlation coefficients of multiple sub-virtual areas are large, the determinant of the factor association matrix is ​​large, and the actual rainfall of adjacent sub-virtual areas in the dam virtual area has a large mutual influence degree. If the rainfall correlation coefficients of multiple sub-virtual areas are small, the determinant of the factor association matrix is ​​small, and the actual rainfall of adjacent sub-virtual areas of the dam virtual area has a small mutual influence degree.

[0061] The factor association matrix is ​​constructed using data from multiple aspects such as terrain, land use type, and meteorological conditions, and sub-virtual areas are divided according to changes in flow velocity, etc., which comprehensively covers various key factors and areas that affect the rainfall process. The factor association matrix can more accurately reflect the complex relationship between various factors and regions in the rainfall process, providing a rich data basis for in-depth analysis of the rainfall process, in-depth understanding of the interaction mechanism between various regions and factors in the rainfall process, providing a more accurate basis for rainfall simulation and prediction, and providing more targeted information for environmental monitoring and management around the dam.

[0062] Environmental monitoring module, used to receive rainfall upstream of the dam and monitor the rainfall impact on the dam environment; Different rainfall classification standards are formulated based on historical rainfall data and dam safety design standards. For example, it can be divided into light rain (precipitation less than 10mm), moderate rain (precipitation between 10-25mm), heavy rain (precipitation between 25-50mm), rainstorm (precipitation between 50-100mm), heavy rainstorm (precipitation between 100-250mm) and extremely heavy rainstorm (precipitation greater than 250mm).

[0063] According to the rainfall calculation results of the sub-virtual areas and virtual areas divided by the dam, the rainfall conditions in different sub-areas are divided into corresponding levels. The distribution and area ratio of rainfall areas of different levels are combined to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall. The influence of multiple environmental factors around the dam on the rainfall conditions is obtained through the sub-virtual areas and virtual areas.

[0064] Example 2 A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring method includes: Identify and classify the areas where the dams are located, obtain the flow velocity, water volume and area of ​​the rivers intercepted by the dams, and divide the rivers into regions; Monitor the dam's ambient temperature, wind speed, and air humidity, and establish a dam environmental factor sequence class with a regional label for the river basin; Obtaining environmental factor identifiers with regional labels, constructing a virtual area of ​​rainfall upstream of the dam, and obtaining the rainfall upstream of the dam through the virtual area; The virtual area includes multiple sub-virtual areas. By setting initial weights, the rainfall distribution of different terrains in the sub-virtual areas is obtained, and the initial weights are adjusted in real time according to natural factors; Through the correlation between the rainfall upstream of the dam and the rainfall distribution in different terrains of the sub-virtual area, the rainfall distribution in the basin upstream of the dam is obtained in real time.

[0065] The method further comprises: constructing a factor correlation matrix, obtaining correlation coefficients of rainfall in different terrains of multiple sub-virtual areas, and analyzing the mutual influence degree of actual rainfall in each virtual area.

[0066] Among them, if the rainfall correlation coefficient of multiple sub-virtual areas is large, the determinant of the factor correlation matrix is ​​large, and the actual rainfall of adjacent sub-virtual areas in the dam virtual area has a large degree of mutual influence; if the rainfall correlation coefficient of multiple sub-virtual areas is small, the determinant of the factor correlation matrix is ​​small, and the actual rainfall of adjacent sub-virtual areas in the dam virtual area has a small degree of mutual influence.

[0067] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only two embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible, for example, the size, scale, structure, shape and ratio of various elements, and parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangement, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc., without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as integrally formed can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. Any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of the execution function described in this article, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiment. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to numerous modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0068] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment may not be described (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those features that are not relevant to implementing the invention).

[0069] It should be understood that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, the development effort will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production without undue experimentation.

[0070] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system, characterized in that: include: A region classification module to identify and classify the regions where the dams are located; The river classification module is used to obtain the flow velocity, water volume and area of ​​the river intercepted by the dam, and divide the river into regions; Environmental factor module, used to monitor the dam environment temperature, wind speed and air humidity, and to establish a dam environmental factor sequence class with regional labels of the river basin; A rainfall module constructs a virtual area of ​​rainfall upstream of the dam by acquiring environmental factor identifiers with regional labels, and obtains the rainfall upstream of the dam through the virtual area; The environmental monitoring module is used to receive rainfall upstream of the dam and monitor the rainfall's impact on the dam's environment.

2. A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regional classification module includes regional division, classification standards and data storage; The said zoning classifies the areas where dams are located according to geographical location, climate type and geological conditions; The classification of areas where dams are located includes mountainous areas, plains, coastal areas and plateaus; The data storage is used to store the classification results of the regions in the database.

3. A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The river classification module includes a sensing unit, a recognition unit and an analysis unit; The sensor unit is arranged in the river area upstream of the dam and is used to collect water level height and water level data; The identification unit is used to obtain the boundary and area of ​​the river basin upstream of the dam, and to draw the topography of the river basin upstream of the dam; The analysis unit is used to receive water level height, water level data, river basin topography upstream of the dam, river basin boundary and area upstream of the dam, obtain flow velocity of the river basin upstream of the dam, and classify the river basin upstream of the dam into high-speed zone, medium-speed zone and low-speed zone.

4. A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The environmental factor sequence class includes a class name, a dam identifier, a river area label and a data item; The river area label is used to store the dam environmental data label quantity under the timestamps of the dam high-speed zone, medium-speed zone and low-speed zone. The dam environmental factor sequence class receives temperature, wind speed, humidity and recording time as input parameters. If the recording time is not provided, the current system time is used to create a dam environmental data item containing the recording time, temperature, wind speed and humidity. An environmental factor data list is established through the environmental data label quantity and the dam environmental data item, and the dam environmental data item is added to the end of the environmental factor data list.

5. A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rainfall module receives the environmental factor data list, and sets the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone, the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone and the virtual area of ​​the medium-speed zone, sets initial weights for the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone, the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone and the virtual area of ​​the medium-speed zone, and sets a sub-virtual area through the dam environmental area; The initial weights are used to quantify rainfall.

6. A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The river sections with varying flow rates are divided into different sub-areas by topography, land use type and meteorological conditions; A factor association matrix is ​​constructed to record the rainfall correlation coefficients of multiple sub-virtual areas in each virtual area, and the mutual influence degree of actual rainfall in each virtual area is obtained through the factor association matrix. As the rainfall correlation coefficients of multiple sub-virtual areas increase, the determinant of the factor association matrix increases, and the mutual influence degree of actual rainfall in adjacent sub-virtual areas in the dam virtual area increases; as the rainfall correlation coefficients of multiple sub-virtual areas decrease, the determinant of the factor association matrix decreases, and the mutual influence degree of actual rainfall in adjacent sub-virtual areas of the dam virtual area decreases.

7. A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Calculate the actual area of ​​each sub-virtual area in the virtual area, and obtain the theoretical rainfall of the sub-virtual area by comparing the actual area; Set initial weights for different sub-virtual areas and dynamically adjust the initial weights through terrain area analysis; The actual rainfall of each sub-virtual area is obtained through the theoretical rainfall and the dynamically adjusted initial weight, and the actual rainfall of each sub-virtual area is superimposed to obtain the rainfall of the virtual area.

8. A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Based on historical rainfall data and dam standards, the rainfall classification standard is formulated. The environmental monitoring module receives the rainfall of the virtual area, traverses the rainfall of all virtual areas, obtains the rainfall-hit areas, and analyzes whether there are any dam safety hazards through the virtual area; If the rainfall in the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone is greater than the rainfall threshold of the high-speed zone, flood discharge is required in advance; if the rainfall in the virtual area of ​​the high-speed zone is less than the rainfall threshold of the high-speed zone, flood discharge is required; if the rainfall in the medium-speed zone is greater than the rainfall threshold of the medium-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required; if the rainfall in the medium-speed zone is less than the rainfall threshold of the medium-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required; if the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone is greater than the rainfall threshold of the low-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required; if the virtual area of ​​the low-speed zone is less than the rainfall threshold of the low-speed zone, flood discharge is required, but no flood discharge in advance is required.

9. A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring method, implemented based on a dam multi-environmental factor monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Identify and classify the areas where the dams are located, obtain the flow velocity, water volume and area of ​​the rivers intercepted by the dams, and divide the rivers into regions; Monitor the dam's ambient temperature, wind speed, and air humidity, and establish a dam environmental factor sequence class with a regional label for the river basin; Obtaining environmental factor identifiers with regional labels, constructing a virtual area of ​​rainfall upstream of the dam, and obtaining the rainfall upstream of the dam through the virtual area; The virtual area includes multiple sub-virtual areas. By setting initial weights, the rainfall distribution of different terrains in the sub-virtual areas is obtained, and the initial weights are adjusted in real time according to natural factors; Through the correlation between the rainfall upstream of the dam and the rainfall distribution in different terrains of the sub-virtual area, the rainfall distribution in the basin upstream of the dam is obtained in real time.

10. A dam multi-environmental factor monitoring method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method further comprises: A factor correlation matrix was constructed to obtain the correlation coefficients of rainfall in different terrains of multiple sub-virtual areas, and the mutual influence degree of actual rainfall in each virtual area was analyzed.

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