Oil and gas production well fault diagnosis and processing method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas well production and development, and particularly relates to an oil and gas production well fault diagnosis and treatment method. According to the invention, an oil and gas production well fault diagnosis thought diagram is established; the method comprises the four steps of establishing an oil and gas production well fault diagnosis flow chart, forming a point-line-surface analysis thought, performing fault analysis and positioning in combination with the established oil and gas production well fault diagnosis flow chart, establishing an oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table, and formulating fault treatment measures according to the established oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table. Therefore, the method has the advantages of high timeliness and popularization and application. The method is easy to operate and low in cost, and the purposes of reducing cost and increasing efficiency are achieved. According to the invention, a systematic, standard and normative diagnosis method is formed and is used for guiding new employees to carry out gas well fault analysis and processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas well production and development, and in particular relates to a method for diagnosing and processing faults of oil and gas production wells. Background Art

[0002] In the production process of oil and gas wells, failures in any link will directly affect normal production, and there are many aspects of problems in oil and gas wells. The same problem can be caused by different reasons, and the same reason can cause changes in multiple production data. In the actual production site, when an oil and gas well fails, the on-site employees will first determine the common fault types based on the fault characteristics (sudden changes in pressure and production, etc.), as well as the employees' cognitive level and their own experience, and then take common measures. If the measures are not effective, they will adjust the measures. Therefore, there will be problems such as inaccurate and incomplete judgment of the fault point, unclear fault handling measures, or blind measures. At the same time, when personnel are transferred to other positions, there is a situation where they are not familiar with the production history, fault characteristics, and handling measures of oil and gas wells, and there is a lack of a set of systematic, standard, and standardized diagnostic methods to guide new employees in gas well fault analysis and handling. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults, and its purpose is to provide a method for diagnosing gas well faults that is clear, comprehensive and accurate, so as to quickly, accurately and efficiently analyze and treat oil and gas well faults, formulate scientific and reasonable treatment measures in a timely manner, and restore oil and gas well production as soon as possible, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing operating costs and improving oil and gas well recovery rates, and at the same time prevent oil and gas well faults in advance and reduce safety and environmental risks.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Establish a fault diagnosis diagram for oil and gas production wells to form a point-line-surface analysis approach;

[0007] Step 2: Perform fault analysis and location based on the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis flow chart established in step 1;

[0008] Step 3: Establish an oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table;

[0009] Step 4: Formulate fault handling measures based on the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table established in step 3.

[0010] The specific method of step 1 to establish the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis idea map includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Data Preparation

[0012] This includes preparing static data of oil and gas reservoirs and wells that meet operating conditions and dynamic data including pressure, production, temperature and dynamic monitoring to form a targeted knowledge base;

[0013] Step 2: Well history and well condition analysis

[0014] According to the different stages of oil and gas well development, the production parameter data of oil and gas wells, including oil or gas production, water production, oil pressure, casing pressure, and production time, are analyzed according to trends to grasp the changing trends of various production parameters under normal production of oil and gas wells and convert data points into data lines;

[0015] Step 3: Preliminary fault location

[0016] Diagnosis is carried out in sequence at the ground, wellbore and reservoir levels to preliminarily determine the scope of the fault.

[0017] The second step of well history and well condition analysis includes analyzing the parameters of oil and gas wells in the drilling, logging, mud logging, cementing, and gas testing stages, as well as the production system in oil and gas well production, i.e., continuous production or intermittent production, downhole tools, process measures taken, use of compressor equipment, and external transmission pressure conditions.

[0018] The specific method of fault analysis and location in step 2 is as follows:

[0019] Step 1: Find production anomalies;

[0020] Step 2: Analysis of production parameter variation patterns;

[0021] Step 3: Locate the fault point of the gas well.

[0022] The specific method for finding production anomaly points in the first step is based on the sudden change of production parameters, that is, finding abnormal data points that are inconsistent with the normal production trend.

[0023] The specific method for analyzing the changing rules of production parameters in the second step is to analyze the changing characteristics of oil and gas well production parameters, analyze the rise or fall of wellhead oil pressure, casing pressure, oil or gas production, water production and temperature, as well as the changes in chloride content and water-gas ratio parameters.

[0024] The specific method for locating the gas well fault point in the third step is to use the elimination positioning method to perform hierarchical classification analysis, match the abnormal production parameter changes with various fault features in the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis flow chart, and eliminate them one by one from top to bottom. If it matches a certain fault feature in the chart, it is identified as the fault type. If it does not match, it is matched with the next fault feature, and so on, and finally the fault type is located.

[0025] The oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table established in the step three has the specific steps of classifying the three types of faults according to the ground, wellbore and reservoir, sorting out the fault characteristics for each type of fault in combination with the actual production, including sudden increase or decrease in pressure and output, and then summarizing the causes of the faults and the treatment measures for each type of fault.

[0026] The specific method of troubleshooting in step 4 is as follows:

[0027] Step 1: Locate the fault type;

[0028] Step 2: Verify the fault characteristics, focusing on verifying whether the parameter changes match the table;

[0029] Step 3: Analyze and find the cause of the fault based on the fault type and characteristics;

[0030] Step 4: Take corresponding measures according to the cause of the fault;

[0031] Step 5: When there are differences between actual production and the table, it is necessary to improve the fault type, characteristics, causes, and measures, and continuously revise the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) The present invention can systematically summarize a large amount of information, quickly extract effective information, and form two actionable Figure 1 surface.

[0034] (2) The present invention can continuously correct the two problems according to the PDCA cycle concept of chart establishment - measure implementation - effect inspection - chart improvement. Figure 1 Table, to establish a knowledge architecture system that conforms to the actual pertinence and differences of production, with strong timeliness and promotion and applicability.

[0035] (3) The present invention is simple to operate and low in cost, thus achieving the purpose of reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0036] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis concept of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 The present invention is a flow chart of oil and gas production well fault diagnosis taking a gas wellbore fault as an example.

[0040] Figure 3 This is an oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table taking a gas well bore fault as an example of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Embodiment 1:

[0043] Reference Figure 1 The method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults shown in the figure comprises the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Establish a fault diagnosis diagram for oil and gas production wells to form a point-line-surface analysis approach;

[0045] Step 2: Perform fault analysis and location based on the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis flow chart established in step 1;

[0046] Step 3: Establish an oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table;

[0047] Step 4: Formulate fault handling measures based on the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table established in step 3.

[0048] In actual use, the present invention can quickly extract effective information by systematically summarizing a large amount of information, and form two actionable Figure 1 The present invention can continuously correct the two Figure 1 The tables include the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis idea diagram, oil and gas production well fault diagnosis flow chart and oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table, which establish a knowledge architecture system that conforms to the actual pertinence and differences of production and has strong timeliness and promotion and applicability.

[0049] The invention has simple operation and low cost, and achieves the purpose of reducing cost and increasing efficiency.

[0050] The PDCA cycle concept is a cycle concept of chart creation - measure implementation - effect inspection - chart improvement.

[0051] Embodiment 2:

[0052] Reference Figure 1 The oil and gas production well fault diagnosis and treatment method shown in the embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that: the specific method of the step 1 of establishing the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis idea map includes the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Data Preparation

[0054] This includes preparing static data of oil and gas reservoirs and wells that meet operating conditions and dynamic data including pressure, production, temperature and dynamic monitoring to form a targeted knowledge base;

[0055] Step 2: Well history and well condition analysis

[0056] According to the different stages of oil and gas well development, the production parameter data of oil and gas wells, including oil or gas production, water production, oil pressure, casing pressure, and production time, are analyzed according to trends to grasp the changing trends of various production parameters under normal production of oil and gas wells and convert data points into data lines;

[0057] Step 3: Preliminary fault location

[0058] Diagnosis is carried out in sequence at the ground, wellbore and reservoir levels to preliminarily determine the scope of the fault.

[0059] In actual use, during the data preparation process, the static data preparation for oil and gas reservoirs includes the type of gas reservoir, edge and bottom water, structure, sand body, porosity, permeability, gas saturation and other data; the static data preparation for oil and gas wells includes the preparation of well depth structure, drilling, logging, logging, cementing and other data. The preparation of dynamic data includes the preparation of dynamic data of pressure, production, temperature and dynamic monitoring. The pressure data includes formation pressure, oil pressure, casing pressure and external transmission pressure; the production data includes gas production and water production data; the temperature data is the wellhead temperature value; dynamic monitoring refers to the CL - , H2S, CO2 and liquid level detection.

[0060] Embodiment three:

[0061] Reference Figure 1 The method for diagnosing and handling faults of oil and gas production wells shown in the embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that the well history and well condition analysis in the second step includes analyzing the parameters of the oil and gas wells in the drilling, logging, mud logging, cementing, and gas testing links, as well as the production system in the oil and gas well production, i.e., continuous production or intermittent production, downhole tools, process measures taken, compressor equipment use, and external transmission pressure conditions.

[0062] In actual use, downhole tools mainly refer to tools such as chokes, plungers, and velocity strings; the technological measures taken refer to foam drainage, etc.

[0063] This technical solution analyzes the historical production dynamics of gas wells, understands the changing rules of pressure and production, and whether there is a history of choke fishing. The focus is on analyzing the production dynamics after the downhole choke is placed.

[0064] Embodiment 4:

[0065] Reference Figure 1 The method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults shown in the embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that the specific method for fault analysis and location in step 2 is as follows:

[0066] Step 1: Find production anomalies;

[0067] Step 2: Analysis of production parameter variation patterns;

[0068] Step 3: Locate the fault point of the gas well.

[0069] Furthermore, the specific method for finding production anomaly points in the first step is based on the sudden change of production parameters, that is, finding abnormal data points that are inconsistent with the normal production trend.

[0070] Furthermore, the specific method for analyzing the changing rules of production parameters in the second step is to analyze the changing characteristics of production parameters of oil and gas wells, analyze the rise or fall of wellhead oil pressure, casing pressure, oil or gas production, water production and temperature, as well as the changes in chloride content and water-gas ratio parameters.

[0071] Furthermore, the specific method for locating the gas well fault point in the third step is to use the exclusion positioning method to perform hierarchical classification analysis, match the abnormal production parameter changes with various fault characteristics in the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis flow chart, and exclude them one by one from top to bottom. If it matches a certain fault feature in the chart, it is identified as the fault type. If it does not match, it is matched with the next fault feature, and so on, and finally the fault type is located.

[0072] In actual use, operators can easily analyze and locate faults through the above process, laying the foundation for subsequent fault handling.

[0073] Embodiment five:

[0074] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The method for diagnosing and handling oil and gas production well faults shown in the embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table established in step three has the specific steps of classifying faults into three categories: ground, wellbore, and reservoir. For each type of fault, the specific fault type is used to sort out the fault characteristics in combination with the actual production, including a sudden increase or decrease in pressure and output, and then summarizes the causes of the faults and the handling measures for each type of fault.

[0075] In actual use, the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table lists the fault classification name, the fault type name of each type of fault, and lists the characteristics of different fault types, the causes of the faults and the treatment measures for each fault type. Operators can find the corresponding measures according to this table, and solve the oil and gas production well faults conveniently, quickly and efficiently, and quickly restore oil and gas well production, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing operating costs and improving oil and gas well recovery rates. At the same time, it can prevent oil and gas well faults in advance and reduce safety and environmental risks.

[0076] Embodiment six:

[0077] Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 Figure 2 The method for diagnosing and handling oil and gas production well faults shown in the embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the specific method for handling the faults in step 4 is as follows:

[0078] Step 1: Locate the fault type;

[0079] Step 2: Verify the fault characteristics, focusing on verifying whether the parameter changes match the table;

[0080] Step 3: Analyze and find the cause of the fault based on the fault type and characteristics;

[0081] Step 4: Take corresponding measures according to the cause of the fault;

[0082] Step 5: When there are differences between actual production and the table, it is necessary to improve the fault type, characteristics, causes, and measures, and continuously revise the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table.

[0083] In actual use, the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table lists the fault classification name, the fault type name of each type of fault, and lists the characteristics of different fault types, the causes of the faults and the treatment measures for each fault type. Operators can find the corresponding measures according to this table, and solve the oil and gas production well faults conveniently, quickly and efficiently, and quickly restore oil and gas well production, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing operating costs and improving oil and gas well recovery rates. At the same time, it can prevent oil and gas well faults in advance and reduce safety and environmental risks.

[0084] By continuously revising the fault diagnosis operation table for oil and gas production wells, a foundation has been laid for convenient, fast and correct handling of subsequent faults.

[0085] Taking oil and gas production well fault diagnosis as an example, the diagnostic process is as follows;

[0086] When the wellbore production is abnormal, first check whether it meets the tubing deformation and bending characteristics; tubing deformation and bending characteristics are as follows:

[0087] ˙Abnormal decline in production;

[0088] ˙Oil pressure drops rapidly;

[0089] ˙Casing pressure remains flat with a slight increase;

[0090] ˙The well-drilling gauge was put in and the well-drilling encountered obstruction;

[0091] ˙Eliminate factors of blockage and fluid accumulation.

[0092] If it matches the above characteristics, it is confirmed that the fault is tubing deformation and bending; if it does not match the above characteristics, check whether it matches the tubing perforation and fracture characteristics; tubing perforation and fracture characteristics are as follows:

[0093] ˙Abnormal increase in production;

[0094] ˙The oil pressure rises rapidly;

[0095] ˙Casing pressure drops rapidly;

[0096] ˙Insert the inspection tool and detect corrosion or leakage of the pipe string;

[0097] ˙Exclude factors such as improved permeability and unblocking.

[0098] If it matches the above characteristics, it is confirmed that the fault is tubing perforation or breakage. Otherwise, check whether it matches the abnormal characteristics of casing. The abnormal characteristics of casing are as follows:

[0099] ˙The casing pressure changes abnormally;

[0100] ˙Abnormal changes in fluid properties;

[0101] ˙Use the well gauge to clear the well. If there is any obstruction, use lead print to judge the deformation of the pipe string based on the lead print.

[0102] If it matches the above characteristics, it is confirmed that the fault is a casing abnormality. If it does not match the above characteristics, check whether it matches the abnormal characteristics of the well wall. The abnormal characteristics of the well wall are as follows:

[0103] ˙During production, the pressure output drops significantly;

[0104] ˙After shutting in the well, the casing and oil pressure recover slowly;

[0105] ˙The shut-in pressure is restored, and the skin coefficient S is calculated. The skin coefficient increases.

[0106] If it matches the above characteristics, the fault is confirmed to be a well wall abnormality. If it does not match the above characteristics, then see if it matches other abnormal characteristics, and so on. This allows operators to easily find the fault type by referring to the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table. After the fault type is determined, the corresponding measures to solve the fault are obtained according to the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table.

[0107] Taking the fault diagnosis of oil and gas production wells as an example, the measures to solve the fault are as follows;

[0108] When the fault is diagnosed as abnormal wellbore production, it is handled according to the following types:

[0109] (1) When the fault type is tubing deformation or bending, the treatment measures are: well repair and replacement of corroded tubing (downhole tools);

[0110] (2) When the fault type is oil pipe perforation or rupture, the treatment measures are: regularly apply corrosion inhibitor to the oil pipe to slow down the corrosion of the oil pipe;

[0111] (3) When the fault type is casing abnormality, the treatment measures are as follows:

[0112] Improve cementing quality;

[0113] Install packers to reduce the extrusion and corrosion of casing;

[0114] ·Use casing shaping and pipe string patching technology to repair.

[0115] (4) When the fault type is abnormal well wall, the treatment measures are:

[0116] Select the completion method;

[0117] Optimize production system;

[0118] ·Sand bailing and pipe string lowering to isolate the wellbore wall.

[0119] (5) When the fault type is fluid accumulation in the oil pipe or casing, the treatment measures are as follows:

[0120] Optimize production tubing;

[0121] Combined with the wellbore structure, production characteristics and surface technology of the gas well, the drainage and gas production plan should be demonstrated in advance, the drainage and gas production process measures should be optimized, and the implementation should be timely to assist the gas well in liquid production;

[0122] If the wellbore is filled with liquid due to abnormalities in the gas well tubing or casing, the well should be repaired and the tubing replaced and the casing repaired to ensure the integrity of the gas well.

[0123] (6) When the fault type is wellbore blockage, the treatment measures are:

[0124] Hydrate blockage: inject hydrate inhibitors and reduce pressure to remove blockage;

[0125] Sulfur deposition blockage, composite blockage: choose the appropriate blockage remover;

[0126] ·Sand plugging: Reasonably control gas well production and flush sand from coiled tubing.

[0127] When the fault is diagnosed as downhole tool abnormality, it is handled according to the following types:

[0128] (1) When the fault type is throttle failure or throttle blockage, the treatment measures are: timely salvage and replace (clean) the downhole throttle.

[0129] (2) When the fault type is packer seal failure, the treatment measures are as follows:

[0130] Replace the packer;

[0131] Install tubing anchors to prevent tubing from expanding and contracting.

[0132] (3) When the fault type is abnormal closure of the downhole safety valve, the treatment measures are:

[0133] Check and ensure adequate control pressure;

[0134] Check and repair control lines with blockage or leakage;

[0135] Balance the pressure and reduce the pressure difference of the valve plate.

[0136] (4) When the fault type is that the downhole safety valve cannot be opened, the treatment measures are:

[0137] Inject water into the oil pipe at high pressure to maintain the safety valve open by pressurizing the pipeline;

[0138] Repair or replace the safety valve.

[0139] Operators can quickly determine the type of fault by referring to the table below, and handle it promptly and accurately.

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] Embodiment seven:

[0143] Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 , a method for diagnosing and treating faults in oil and gas production wells - taking the downhole choke fault of a gas well in a gas field as an example:

[0144] Case description: A gas well uses a downhole choke to produce gas at a stable rate of 11,000 cubic meters per day, with a casing pressure of 10.5 MPa, an oil pressure of 3.1 MPa, and a casing-oil pressure difference of 7.4 MPa. The well basically does not produce water. However, in January 2020, the gas production suddenly increased to 50,000 cubic meters per day, the oil pressure rose to 9.6 MPa, and the casing pressure rose slightly to 10.8 MPa. It is necessary to find the fault and deal with it.

[0145] Step 1: Establish a fault diagnosis diagram for oil and gas production wells to form a point-line-surface analysis approach;

[0146] Step 2: Analyze and locate the fault in combination with the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis flow chart;

[0147] Step 3: Develop troubleshooting measures based on the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table.

[0148] The specific method of the step 1 of establishing the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis idea map comprises the following steps:

[0149] Step 1: Data preparation, collect the production data of the gas well such as oil casing pressure and gas volume, and focus on sorting out the relevant information such as the time of release of the downhole choke, choke model, gas nozzle size, whether there is a packer, etc.

[0150] Step 2: Well history and well condition analysis, analyze the historical production dynamics of the gas well, understand the law of pressure and production changes, and whether there is a history of choke fishing. Focus on analyzing the production dynamics after the downhole choke. The oil-casing pressure difference of the well is basically maintained at around 7.3MPa during normal production.

[0151] Step 3: Preliminary fault location: diagnose the fault at the ground, wellbore and reservoir levels in turn to make a preliminary judgment on the wellbore fault.

[0152] The specific method of performing fault analysis and location in step 2 in combination with the gas well fault diagnosis flow chart includes the following steps:

[0153] Step 1: Find the abnormal point in production. According to the sudden changes in pressure and output in the production curve, the abnormal point was found in January 2020.

[0154] Step 2: Analysis of production parameter change patterns. During the abnormal production stage, the abnormal characteristics of the production site are rapid increase in output, decrease in oil pressure, and increase in casing pressure.

[0155] Step 3: Locate the gas well fault point. Match the abnormal phenomena on site with the various fault characteristics in the fault analysis operation table. Based on the production of downhole choke, the actual abnormal characteristics are matched with the failure characteristics of the downhole choke, and the possible fault is judged to be choke failure.

[0156] The specific method of troubleshooting in combination with the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table includes the following steps: verify that the production pressure change is consistent with the description in the table, and confirm that the chloride content has not increased suddenly, analyze the cause to be corrosion, sand erosion and other reasons that cause the throttle failure, and according to the operation table, promptly take measures to salvage and replace the downhole throttle.

[0157] The present invention can quickly extract effective information by systematically summarizing a large amount of information and form two actionable Figure 1 surface.

[0158] The present invention can continuously correct the two Figure 1 The tables include the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis idea diagram, oil and gas production well fault diagnosis flow chart and oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table, which establish a knowledge architecture system that conforms to the actual pertinence and differences of production and has strong timeliness and promotion and applicability.

[0159] The invention has simple operation and low cost, and achieves the purpose of reducing cost and increasing efficiency.

[0160] In the absence of conflicts, technicians in this field can combine the relevant technical features in the above examples according to actual conditions to achieve corresponding technical effects. The specific combinations are not described here one by one.

[0161] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0162] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

[0163] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. The present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but should conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: Establish a fault diagnosis diagram for oil and gas production wells to form a point-line-surface analysis approach; Step 2: Perform fault analysis and location based on the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis flow chart established in step 1; Step 3: Establish an oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table; Step 4: Formulate fault handling measures based on the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table established in step 3.

2. The method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of step 1 to establish the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis idea map includes the following steps: Step 1: Data Preparation This includes preparing static data of oil and gas reservoirs and wells that meet operating conditions and dynamic data including pressure, production, temperature and dynamic monitoring to form a targeted knowledge base; Step 2: Well history and well condition analysis According to the different stages of oil and gas well development, the production parameter data of oil and gas wells, including oil or gas production, water production, oil pressure, casing pressure, and production time, are analyzed according to trends to grasp the changing trends of various production parameters under normal production of oil and gas wells and convert data points into data lines; Step 3: Preliminary fault location Diagnosis is carried out in sequence at the ground, wellbore and reservoir levels to preliminarily determine the scope of the fault.

3. The method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second step of well history and well condition analysis includes analyzing the parameters of oil and gas wells in the drilling, logging, mud logging, cementing, and gas testing stages, as well as the production system in oil and gas well production, i.e., continuous production or intermittent production, downhole tools, process measures taken, use of compressor equipment, and external transmission pressure conditions.

4. The method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of fault analysis and location in step 2 is as follows: Step 1: Find production anomalies; Step 2: Analysis of production parameter variation patterns; Step 3: Locate the fault point of the gas well.

5. The method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific method for finding production anomaly points in the first step is based on the sudden change of production parameters, that is, finding abnormal data points that are inconsistent with the normal production trend.

6. The method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific method for analyzing the changing rules of production parameters in the second step is to analyze the changing characteristics of oil and gas well production parameters, analyze the rise or fall of wellhead oil pressure, casing pressure, oil or gas production, water production and temperature, as well as the changes in chloride content and water-gas ratio parameters.

7. The method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific method for locating the gas well fault point in the third step is to use the elimination positioning method to perform hierarchical classification analysis, match the abnormal production parameter changes with various fault features in the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis flow chart, and eliminate them one by one from top to bottom. If it matches a certain fault feature in the chart, it is identified as the fault type. If it does not match, it is matched with the next fault feature, and so on, and finally the fault type is located.

8. The method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table established in the step three has the specific steps of classifying the three types of faults according to the ground, wellbore and reservoir, sorting out the fault characteristics for each type of fault in combination with the actual production, including sudden increase or decrease in pressure and output, and then summarizing the causes of the faults and the treatment measures for each type of fault.

9. The method for diagnosing and treating oil and gas production well faults according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of troubleshooting in step 4 is as follows: Step 1: Locate the fault type; Step 2: Verify the fault characteristics, focusing on verifying whether the parameter changes match the table; Step 3: Analyze and find the cause of the fault based on the fault type and characteristics; Step 4: Take corresponding measures according to the cause of the fault; Step 5: When there are differences between actual production and the table, it is necessary to improve the fault type, characteristics, causes, and measures, and continuously revise the oil and gas production well fault diagnosis operation table.

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