A quantitative method for characterizing the effects of meteorite impacts on pre-existing structures

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impacts on pre-existing structures. The method comprises: constructing an initial geological model based on acquired geological data and seismic data of a study area; performing structural physical simulation on the initial geological model to form a pre-existing geological model, and using industrial CT to accurately image the pre-existing geological model in three dimensions to obtain a pre-existing structural model before the impact. Simulating the meteorite impact, using industrial CT to accurately image the pre-existing geological model after the impact simulation in three dimensions, and establishing a three-dimensional structural model after the impact. By comparing the pre- and post-impact imaging and three-dimensional structural models, the transformation results of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure are determined. The present invention can achieve the effect of quantitatively studying the transformation effect of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structural model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures. Background Art

[0002] Since the 19th century, physical simulation experiments of tectonic deformation in experimental sandboxes have been widely used to study tectonic deformation in petroliferous sedimentary basins. They are an important tool for studying complex tectonic deformation and its mechanisms, and a crucial method for quantitatively analyzing and evaluating the formation and evolution of petroliferous structural traps. In addition to forming surface craters, meteorite impacts can also reactivate faults within the impact zone, forming a series of meteorite-associated structures. Meteorite impacts within petroliferous basins further reactivate pre-existing faults, which can alter the faults' ability to seal oil and gas. On the one hand, oil and gas can be transported along activated faults to form reservoirs. On the other hand, earlier reservoirs may migrate along activated faults or even be lost. Therefore, it is crucial to study the effects of meteorite impacts on the transformation of pre-existing structures within petroliferous basins. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to quantitatively characterize the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins, the present invention proposes a quantitative characterization method for the transformation of pre-existing structures by meteorite impact. The technical solution proposed by the present invention is as follows:

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures, comprising:

[0005] Construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area;

[0006] According to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model;

[0007] Acquiring a first CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact;

[0008] Obtaining a second CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact;

[0009] Based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure is determined.

[0010] In one or some embodiments, the initial geological model is constructed in the following manner:

[0011] According to the geological data and seismic data of the study area, the structural characteristics, fault distribution characteristics and lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area are obtained;

[0012] According to the lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, brittle deformation materials were used to simulate brittle deformation strata and brittle slip layers;

[0013] According to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, plastic deformation materials are used to simulate plastically deformed salt rock and plastic slip layer;

[0014] The model is laid out in a manner of alternating layers of materials of different colors based on the structural features, and the size of the geological prototype is reduced by a preset ratio to obtain the initial geological model.

[0015] In one or some embodiments, the brittle deformation material is quartz sand and glass beads; and the brittle deformation material is used to simulate the brittle deformation stratum and the brittle debonding layer according to the lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, including:

[0016] According to the lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, quartz sand and glass beads were used to simulate brittle deformation strata and brittle debonding layers.

[0017] In one or some embodiments, the plastic deformation material is silica gel; and according to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, the plastic deformation material is used to simulate the plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer, including:

[0018] According to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, silica gel was used to simulate the plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer.

[0019] In one or some embodiments, the physical simulation of the initial geological model based on the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain the pre-existing structural model includes:

[0020] Determine the structural deformation parameters based on the structural characteristics of the geological prototype and geological data of the study area;

[0021] Based on the structural deformation parameters and the similarities between the geological prototype and the experimental model in geometry, kinematics and dynamics of the study area, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model.

[0022] In one or some embodiments, determining the modification result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure based on the pre-impact three-dimensional structural model and the post-impact three-dimensional structural model includes:

[0023] The three-dimensional structural model before the impact is compared with the three-dimensional structural model after the impact to determine the top surface morphology change parameters, internal structure change parameters, fault distribution change parameters, fault morphology change parameters and structural boundary change parameters of the pre-existing structural model before and after the impact.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, meteorite impact simulation is performed in the following manner:

[0025] A metal ball is used to simulate a meteorite, and the metal ball is freely dropped from a preset height and hits the pre-stored geological model to simulate the impact of the meteorite.

[0026] In one or some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0027] Changing the shape parameters of the metal sphere, acquiring a second CT scan image corresponding to the changed shape parameters, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction to obtain an updated three-dimensional structural model;

[0028] Based on the three-dimensional imaging of the pre-existing structure and the updated three-dimensional structure model, the transformation results of different meteorite impacts on the pre-existing structure are determined.

[0029] In one or some embodiments, before determining the modification result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure based on the pre-impact three-dimensional structural model and the post-impact three-dimensional structural model, the method further includes:

[0030] The pre-impact and post-impact images in the pre-impact 3D structural model and the post-impact 3D structural model are registered so that the pixel positions corresponding to the same geographical location in the two images are consistent.

[0031] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a quantitative characterization system for the modification of pre-existing structures by meteorite impacts, comprising: a sandbox physical model experimental device, a CT scanning device, a metal sphere dropping device, and a computing and processing device;

[0032] The metal sphere dropping device is arranged above the sand box physical model experimental device;

[0033] The sandbox physical model experimental device is used to construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area; based on the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model;

[0034] The metal sphere dropping device is used to simulate a meteorite impact on the pre-existing structural model;

[0035] The CT scanning device is used to scan the pre-existing structural model before the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a first CT scan image, and to scan the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a second CT scan image;

[0036] The computing and processing device is connected to the CT scanning device, and is used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact, and to perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact, and based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, determine the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure.

[0037] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0038] The method provided by the present invention for quantitatively characterizing the effects of meteorite impacts on pre-existing structures constructs an initial geological model based on acquired geological and seismic data for the study area. Structural physical simulation is performed on the initial geological model to form a pre-existing geological model. Industrial CT can be used to accurately image the pre-existing geological model in three dimensions to obtain a pre-existing structural model before the impact. A meteorite impact is simulated, and industrial CT is used to accurately image the pre-existing geological model after the impact simulation in three dimensions to establish a post-impact three-dimensional structural model. By comparing pre- and post-impact imaging and three-dimensional structural models, the effects of the meteorite impact on pre-existing structures can be determined, thereby achieving the goal of quantitatively studying the effects of meteorite impacts on pre-existing structural models.

[0039] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purposes and other advantages of the present invention are realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0040] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is another flow chart of a method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of CT scanning imaging of a structural physics simulation experiment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a system for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0047] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, like numbers in different figures represent like or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all possible embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present invention, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0050] Since the 19th century, physical simulation experiments using experimental sandboxes to simulate tectonic deformation have been widely used to study tectonic deformation in petroliferous sedimentary basins. They are an important tool for studying complex tectonic deformation and its mechanisms, and a crucial method for quantitatively analyzing and evaluating the formation and evolution of petroliferous structural traps. The inventors discovered that meteorite impacts, in addition to forming surface craters, also reactivate faults within the impact zone, forming a series of meteorite-related associated structures. Meteorite impacts within petroliferous basins further reactivate pre-existing faults, altering their ability to seal oil and gas. While oil and gas can be transported along activated faults to form reservoirs, earlier reservoirs can migrate along activated faults and even be lost. Therefore, research into the effects of meteorite impacts on the transformation of pre-existing structures within petroliferous basins is crucial. A search revealed no existing technology equivalent or similar to this one, which did not meet the inventors' expectations. Further research led the inventors to the present invention. In order to improve the geological understanding of the transformation effect of meteorite impact on complex tectonic belts, this technical invention aims to study an experimental technical method and device that can simulate the transformation effect of meteorite impact on geological models in a sandbox.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The embodiment of the present invention provides a quantitative characterization method for the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, including:

[0053] S101. Construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area;

[0054] Obtain geological and seismic data of the study area to clarify the structural style, fault distribution, lithologic stratigraphic characteristics of the study area; propose hypotheses on the structural evolution laws of the study area through methods such as structural interpretation, including the formation and evolution process of faults, the activity periods of the study area, and the amount of structural deformation in each period; according to the principles of structural physical simulation experiments, reduce the actual geological model to the laboratory model size at a certain similarity ratio and the geological prototype size to a preset ratio, including the overall length, width, and height of the model, to ensure the geometric similarity between the initial geological prototype and the experimental model.

[0055] S102, performing physical simulation on the initial geological model according to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain a pre-existing structural model;

[0056] Based on the structural characteristics of the geological prototype in the study area and previously acquired geological data, the structural deformation parameters of the experimental model were determined based on the similarity criterion. This ensured geometric, kinematic, and dynamic similarity between the geological prototype and the experimental model. A pre-existing structural model was established, and simulation experiments were initiated using the established experimental parameters. These structural deformation parameters include compression distance, extension distance, strike-slip distance, and velocity.

[0057] Specifically, geological data related to the study area are collected, including geological maps, borehole data, seismic profiles, geophysical data, etc. These data will provide the basis for establishing a pre-existing tectonic model. Carefully analyze the geological characteristics of the study area, including structural morphology, lithology, faults, folds, etc. Build a geological model based on the collected geological data and analyzed geological characteristics. Based on the geological model and geological characteristics, determine the sequence of tectonic events. Tectonic events refer to tectonic activities that occurred in geological history, such as fault movement and fold formation. By determining the sequence of tectonic events, the timing and order of tectonic evolution can be inferred. Based on the determined sequence of tectonic events, the geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing tectonic model.

[0058] S103, obtaining a first CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact;

[0059] The results of the physical simulation experiment of structural deformation were scanned using industrial CT, and the scanned images were reconstructed in three dimensions using industrial CT image reconstruction software, that is, three-dimensional precise imaging was performed to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact. Figure 3 The figure shows the CT scan image of the structural physics simulation experiment.

[0060] S104, obtaining a second CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact;

[0061] Industrial CT is used to scan the results of the physical simulation experiment on structural deformation after the impact, and the scanned images are reconstructed into three dimensions using industrial CT image reconstruction software, that is, three-dimensional precise imaging is performed to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact.

[0062] S105. Determine the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact.

[0063] The present invention belongs to the field of physical simulation of structural deformation in earth science and the petroleum industry, and specifically relates to a method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins. The method is applied to meteorite impact areas, and by industrial CT scanning imaging of physical models before and after the meteorite impact and comparison of three-dimensional models, the effect of quantitatively studying the transformation effect of the impact on the pre-existing structural model is achieved. Specifically, the quantitative characterization method for the transformation effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures provided by the present invention constructs an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area; the initial geological model is subjected to structural physical simulation to form a pre-existing geological model, and the pre-existing geological model can be accurately imaged in three dimensions using industrial CT to obtain a pre-existing structural model before the impact. The meteorite impact is simulated, and the pre-existing geological model after the impact simulation is accurately imaged in three dimensions using industrial CT to establish a three-dimensional structural model after the impact. By comparing the imaging before and after the impact and the three-dimensional structural model, the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure is determined, and the effect of quantitatively studying the transformation effect of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structural model can be achieved.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, the initial geological model in step S101 is constructed in the following manner:

[0065] S1011. Obtain the structural characteristics, fault distribution characteristics, and lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area based on the geological data and seismic data of the study area;

[0066] Collect geological data such as geological maps, geological profiles, borehole data, and geophysical data from the study area. This data can provide information about geological structures and lithologic strata. Interpret the collected geological data to identify and describe the structural characteristics, fault distribution characteristics, and lithologic strata characteristics of the study area. By observing geological maps and geological profiles, structural features such as faults, folds, and lithologic changes can be identified. Process and interpret the collected seismic data. Seismic data can provide information about underground structures and structural characteristics. By analyzing the reflection waveform, amplitude, and spectrum of seismic data, structural features such as faults, folds, and lithologic changes can be identified. The specific process can be referred to the description in the prior art and will not be repeated here.

[0067] S1012. Based on the lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, brittle deformation materials were used to simulate brittle deformation strata and brittle debonding layers;

[0068] According to the characteristics of the lithology and strata, the parameters of the brittle deformation material are set, including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear strength, friction angle, etc.

[0069] S1013. Based on the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, plastic deformation materials were used to simulate plastically deformed salt rock and plastic slip layers.

[0070] Based on the fault distribution data of the study area, including information such as the location, strike, and dip of the fault, this data can provide basic information about the fault characteristics. Based on the fault distribution data, the plastic constitutive parameters, friction angle, internal friction angle, etc. of the plastic deformation material are set.

[0071] S1014: Laying the model in an interlayered manner of materials of different colors based on the structural characteristics, and reducing the size of the geological prototype by a preset ratio to obtain the initial geological model.

[0072] The model is laid out in layers of different colored materials so that the structural features inside the model can be observed more clearly.

[0073] In an optional embodiment, the brittle deformation material in step S1012 is quartz sand and glass beads; and the brittle deformation material is used to simulate the brittle deformation stratum and the brittle debonding layer according to the lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, including:

[0074] According to the lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, quartz sand and glass beads were used to simulate brittle deformation strata and brittle debonding layers.

[0075] Appropriate experimental materials were selected based on the principle of similarity in tectonic physics simulation experiments. The fracture of loose quartz sand under external stress conforms to the natural rock fracture criteria. This invention uses quartz sand to simulate the tectonic deformation of real underground rocks. Quartz sand of different particle sizes has different densities. Industrial CT can be used to accurately image the initial geological model formed by tectonic physics simulation in three dimensions, forming a model of the internal structure of the three-dimensional model before impact. After selecting the brittle deformation material, the parameters of the quartz sand and glass beads, including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear strength, and friction angle, are set according to the lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics.

[0076] In an optional embodiment, the plastic deformation material in step S1013 is silica gel; and the simulation of plastically deformed salt rock and plastic debonding layer using the plastic deformation material according to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area includes:

[0077] According to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, silica gel was used to simulate the plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer.

[0078] Based on the fault distribution data of the study area, including the location, strike, and dip of the fault, these data can provide basic information about the fault characteristics. Based on the fault distribution characteristics, the plastic constitutive parameters, friction angle, internal friction angle, etc. of the silicone are set.

[0079] In an optional embodiment, the above step S102 performs physical simulation on the initial geological model according to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain the pre-existing structural model, including:

[0080] S1021. Determine structural deformation parameters based on the structural characteristics of the geological prototype and geological data of the study area;

[0081] Collect geological data for the study area, including geological maps, geological profiles, seismic data, gravity data, and magnetic data. This data provides information about geological structures, such as fault locations, structural lines, and lithologic variations. Interpret the collected geological data to identify and describe the structural features of the study area. This includes identifying structural features such as faults, folds, and lithologic variations, and deriving the aforementioned structural deformation parameters. Based on the known structural features and geological data, a model can be developed to simulate the process of structural deformation. The simulation can be based on physical principles, mechanical models, or statistical models.

[0082] S1022. Based on the structural deformation parameters and the similarities between the geological prototype and the experimental model in geometry, kinematics and dynamics of the study area, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model.

[0083] In an optional embodiment, the present invention uses a metal sphere to simulate a meteorite. The sphere is dropped freely from a high altitude into a sandbox model to simulate the impact of a meteorite. The meteorite impact simulation is performed in the following manner:

[0084] A metal ball is used to simulate a meteorite. The metal ball is freely dropped from a preset height and hits the pre-stored geological model to simulate the impact of the meteorite. The preset height can be set according to actual simulation needs and is not specifically limited here.

[0085] In an optional embodiment, the method further includes:

[0086] S106. Change the shape parameters of the metal sphere, obtain a second CT scan image corresponding to the changed shape parameters, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction to obtain an updated three-dimensional structural model; based on the three-dimensional imaging of the pre-existing structure and the updated three-dimensional structural model, determine the transformation results of different meteorite impacts on the pre-existing structure.

[0087] By changing the shape parameters of the metal ball and repeating the above steps S104-S105, the modification effect of meteorite impacts of different sizes on the pre-existing structures in the oil and gas basin can be simulated.

[0088] In an optional embodiment, the step S105 of determining the modification of the pre-existing structure by the meteorite impact based on the pre-impact three-dimensional structural model and the post-impact three-dimensional structural model includes:

[0089] S1051. Compare the three-dimensional structural model before the impact with the three-dimensional structural model after the impact to determine the top surface morphology change parameters, internal structure change parameters, fault distribution change parameters, fault morphology change parameters, and structural boundary change parameters of the pre-existing structural model before and after the impact.

[0090] Comparing the images before and after the impact, quantitatively study the changes in the top surface morphology, internal structure, fault distribution, fault morphology, and structural boundaries of the pre-existing structure before and after the impact, thereby quantitatively studying the transformation effect of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure. Specifically, the pre- and post-impact images of the three-dimensional structural model before and after the impact are registered, i.e., the two images are aligned so that the pixel positions corresponding to the same geographical location in the two images are consistent. Specifically, image processing software or computer vision algorithms can be used for image registration. Structural features, including top surface morphology, internal structure, fault distribution, fault morphology, and structural boundaries, are extracted from the registered images. Image processing and analysis software, such as GIS software or remote sensing image processing software, can be used for feature extraction. Quantitative analysis is performed based on the extracted structural features. Various calculation methods and indicators, such as area change, length change, angle change, density change, etc., can be used to quantify the degree of structural change. Statistical analysis and visualization of the quantitative results are performed. Statistical software and data visualization tools, such as Excel, Python, and MATLAB, can be used to analyze and plot data to better understand and present the results of tectonic changes. Interpret and discuss the results based on the quantitative analysis. Analyze the causes and mechanisms of tectonic changes, explore the effects of meteorite impacts on pre-existing structures, and compare and discuss them with geological theory and previous research.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] The embodiment of the present invention provides a quantitative characterization system for the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures, referring to Figure 4 As shown, it includes: a sand box physical model experimental device 201, a CT scanning device 202, a metal sphere dropping device 203 and a computing and processing device 204; the present invention is based on the CT scanning device 202 with CT scanning imaging function and the sand box physical model experimental device 201, and is additionally equipped with a metal sphere dropping device 203 to simulate the effect of a meteorite impact.

[0093] The metal ball dropping device 203 is arranged above the sand box physical model experimental device 201;

[0094] The sandbox physical model experimental device 201 is used to construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area; perform physical simulation on the initial geological model according to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain a pre-existing structural model;

[0095] The metal sphere dropping device 203 is used to simulate the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structural model;

[0096] The CT scanning device 202 is used to scan the pre-existing structural model before the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a first CT scan image, and to scan the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a second CT scan image;

[0097] The computing and processing device 204 is connected to the CT scanning device 202, and is used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact, and based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, determine the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure.

[0098] The computing and processing device is an electronic device with computing capabilities, such as a computer.

[0099] In the embodiment of the present invention, the quantitative characterization system for the modification effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures corresponds to the quantitative characterization method for the modification effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures described in the above embodiment 1. Its specific implementation process can refer to the process of quantitative characterization of the modification effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures using the quantitative characterization method in the above embodiment 1. The repeated parts will not be repeated here.

[0100] In this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0101] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention is not limited to any single aspect, nor to any single embodiment, nor to any combination and / or permutation of these aspects and / or embodiments. Each aspect and / or embodiment of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with one or more other aspects and / or other embodiments.

[0102] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-described embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the above-described embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Such modifications, changes, or replacements do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impacts on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins, characterized in that: include: Construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area; According to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model; Acquiring a first CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact; Obtaining a second CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact; Based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure is determined.

2. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial geological model is constructed in the following manner: According to the geological data and seismic data of the study area, the structural characteristics, fault distribution characteristics and lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area are obtained; According to the lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, brittle deformation materials were used to simulate brittle deformation strata and brittle slip layers; According to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, plastic deformation materials are used to simulate plastically deformed salt rock and plastic slip layer; The model is laid out in a manner of alternating layers of materials of different colors based on the structural features, and the size of the geological prototype is reduced by a preset ratio to obtain the initial geological model.

3. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 2, characterized in that: The brittle deformation material is quartz sand and glass beads; according to the lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, the brittle deformation material is used to simulate the brittle deformation stratum and the brittle slip layer, including: According to the lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, quartz sand and glass beads were used to simulate brittle deformation strata and brittle debonding layers.

4. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plastic deformation material is silica gel; according to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, the plastic deformation material is used to simulate the plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer, including: According to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, silica gel was used to simulate the plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer.

5. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The physical simulation of the initial geological model is performed based on the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain the pre-existing structural model, including: According to the structural characteristics and geological data of the geological prototype in the study area, the structural deformation parameters are determined based on the similarity between the geological prototype in the study area and the experimental model in geometry, kinematics and dynamics; Based on the structural deformation parameters, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model.

6. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the modification result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure based on the pre-impact three-dimensional structural model and the post-impact three-dimensional structural model includes: The three-dimensional structural model before the impact is compared with the three-dimensional structural model after the impact to determine the top surface morphology change parameters, internal structure change parameters, fault distribution change parameters, fault morphology change parameters and structural boundary change parameters of the pre-existing structural model before and after the impact.

7. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 1, characterized in that: Meteorite impact simulation is performed in the following way: A metal ball is used to simulate a meteorite, and the metal ball is freely dropped from a preset height and hits the pre-stored geological model to simulate the impact of the meteorite.

8. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Changing the shape parameters of the metal sphere, acquiring a second CT scan image corresponding to the changed shape parameters, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction to obtain an updated three-dimensional structural model; Based on the three-dimensional imaging of the pre-existing structure and the updated three-dimensional structure model, the transformation results of different meteorite impacts on the pre-existing structure are determined.

9. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before determining the modification result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure based on the pre-impact three-dimensional structural model and the post-impact three-dimensional structural model, the method further includes: The pre-impact and post-impact images in the pre-impact 3D structural model and the post-impact 3D structural model are registered so that the pixel positions corresponding to the same geographical location in the two images are consistent.

10. A quantitative characterization system for the effect of meteorite impacts on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins, characterized by: include: Sand box physical model experimental device, CT scanning device, metal sphere dropping device and computing processing device; The metal sphere dropping device is arranged above the sand box physical model experimental device; The sandbox physical model experimental device is used to construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area; based on the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model; The metal sphere dropping device is used to simulate a meteorite impact on the pre-existing structural model; The CT scanning device is used to scan the pre-existing structural model before the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a first CT scan image, and to scan the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a second CT scan image; The computing and processing device is connected to the CT scanning device, and is used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact, and to perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact, and based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, determine the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure.

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