Airborne radioactive transport simulation test system and method for passive containment accident

Abstract

The invention relates to an airborne radioactive transport simulation test system and method for passive containment accidents. The system comprises an aerosol particle injection subsystem, an aerosol transport and deposition subsystem, a flow field measurement subsystem and an aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem. Through the design of a plurality of compartments (an aerosol particle injection compartment, a first transport deposition compartment and a second transport deposition compartment) and a connecting pipeline, the leakage diffusion and transport path of airborne radioactive substances in a passive containment accident can be really simulated; the compartments and the connecting pipelines are detachable, so that quick assembly and maintenance are facilitated; by combining the deposition wall surface and the coating, the test can be repeated for multiple times and deposition data can be collected; and the three-dimensional dynamic behavior of the aerosol is accurately captured through the flow field measurement subsystem. The method is suitable for source item analysis and aerosol diffusion research of a passive containment accident scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of nuclear and radiation nuclear emergency technology, and in particular to an airborne radioactive transport simulation test system and method for passive containment accidents. Background Art

[0002] In nuclear power plant accidents, a large amount of radioactive material is released into the containment in the form of aerosols and diffused and transported in its narrow space, posing a serious threat to the radiation safety of workers in the confined space. Therefore, in the process of nuclear power plant accident analysis and emergency assessment, the transport behavior of source items between multiple compartments in the containment is an important research topic. This process involves phenomena such as coalescence, leakage, and deposition under thermal and hydraulic effects, and accurate evaluation is required to understand the spatial distribution of source items and their dynamic changes over time.

[0003] Compared with numerical analysis methods, experimental research can more realistically restore accident scenarios and the physical behavior of radioactive materials, thereby obtaining more reliable data. However, most of the current test facilities are based on the design of second-generation nuclear power plants. For example, the DEMONA test funded by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT) and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC), the KAEVER test of the Battel le Institute in Frankfurt, Germany, and the ThAI test in Eschborn, Germany all belong to this category.

[0004] The passive containment of the third-generation nuclear power plant is significantly different from that of the second-generation nuclear power plant in design. Its characteristics include passive cooling measures and wall materials with good thermal conductivity. These characteristics make the transport behavior of aerosols more inclined to diffusoporesis and thermophoresis deposition mechanisms. In addition, the leakage and diffusion process of airborne radioactivity between multiple compartments in the containment building affects the refined analysis of the source term, so it is necessary to consider it. However, the current experimental methods for aerosol transport processes are mostly limited to the measurement of one-dimensional data, and it is difficult to comprehensively observe and analyze the three-dimensional transport behavior and flow characteristics of aerosols in space. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to develop an airborne radioactive transport test system for passive containment accidents to simulate the real multi-compartment diffusion path and dynamic process.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention discloses an airborne radioactive transport simulation test system and method for passive containment accidents, aiming to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an airborne radioactive transport simulation test system for passive containment accidents, comprising:

[0008] Aerosol particle injection subsystem, providing the aerosol particle source required for the test;

[0009] The aerosol transport and deposition subsystem is provided with an aerosol particle injection compartment, a first transport deposition compartment, a second transport deposition compartment, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe, simulating an accident compartment and a leakage path; the first transport deposition compartment is adjacent to the aerosol particle injection compartment in the vertical direction, the second transport deposition compartment is adjacent to the aerosol particle injection compartment in the horizontal direction, the first connecting pipe connects the aerosol particle injection compartment and the second transport deposition compartment, and the second connecting pipe connects the aerosol particle injection compartment and the first transport deposition compartment;

[0010] A flow field measurement subsystem, which is disposed above the first transport and deposition compartment and / or the second transport and deposition compartment and is used for flow field measurement and analysis;

[0011] The aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem includes multiple flow meters, an aerosol optical particle counter and an aerodynamic particle size spectrometer. The multiple flow meters are arranged at both ends of the first connecting tube and the second connecting tube, and cooperate with the aerosol optical particle counter to calculate the aerosol mass and flow rate at the inlet and outlet of the aerosol particle injection compartment, the first transport deposition compartment and the second transport deposition compartment.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the first transport and deposition compartment is arranged vertically above the aerosol particle injection compartment, and the second transport and deposition compartment is arranged horizontally on the left side of the aerosol particle injection compartment.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the aerosol particle injection compartment, the first transport and deposition compartment, the second transport and deposition compartment, the first connecting tube and the second connecting tube are detachably connected.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the aerosol particle injection compartment, the first transport deposition compartment, the second transport deposition compartment, the first connecting tube and the second connecting tube are all provided with deposition walls, and the deposition walls are all provided with sedimentation coatings.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem is also provided with an isokinetic sampler, which is connected to an aerodynamic particle size spectrometer and an aerosol optical particle counter to measure the concentration and particle size distribution of the sampled aerosol.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the aerosol particle injection subsystem is provided with a connected compressed air tank and a flow control valve. The compressed air tank provides an inert gas carrier gas, and the flow control valve is connected to the aerosol particle injection compartment to control the injection flow.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, a steam generator is also provided between the compressed air storage tank and the flow control valve to provide superheated steam.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, a particle generator is also provided between the compressed air storage tank and the steam generator.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, it also includes an exhaust subsystem, which includes a first exhaust system and a second exhaust system. The first exhaust system is connected to the first transport and deposition compartment, and the second exhaust system is connected to the second transport and deposition compartment.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, it also includes an auxiliary subsystem, which includes a first bracket and a second bracket. The first bracket is distributed throughout the aerosol particle injection compartment and the second transport deposition compartment, and the second bracket is distributed throughout the aerosol particle injection compartment and the first transport deposition compartment.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, it also includes a three-dimensional mobile coordinate frame, the first bracket and / or the second bracket is arranged on the top of the three-dimensional mobile coordinate frame, and the isokinetic sampler is placed on the three-dimensional mobile coordinate frame to achieve three-dimensional aerosol sampling.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the flow field measurement subsystem includes a particle imaging device (PIV) and a Doppler three-dimensional particle dynamic analyzer for three-dimensional flow field measurement.

[0023] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a test method based on the above-mentioned airborne radioactive transport simulation test system, comprising:

[0024] The compressed air tank provides carrier gas, and the carrier gas carries the aerosol through the particle generator and steam generator to generate the superheated steam and aerosol mixture required for the test. The mixture is controlled by the flow control valve and sprayed into the aerosol particle injection compartment;

[0025] The mixture is transported to the second transport and deposition compartment and the first transport and deposition compartment respectively through the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe;

[0026] The flow field parameters of the aerosol particle injection compartment, the second transport deposition compartment and the first transport deposition compartment are measured. The particle imaging instrument (PIV) measures the three-dimensional velocity of the flow field of the aerosol particle injection compartment, the second transport deposition compartment and the first transport deposition compartment. The Doppler three-dimensional particle dynamic analyzer measures the three-dimensional flow of the flow field and the three-dimensional transport path of the aerosol, and the aerosol particle size evolution parameters. The three-dimensional coordinate frame is used to drive the isokinetic sampler and cooperate with the aerodynamic particle size spectrometer and the aerosol optical particle counter to complete the three-dimensional distribution of the aerosol and the related concentration and particle size distribution measurements.

[0027] Determine whether the flow field parameter measurement is completed and the set test transport time is reached;

[0028] If so, collect and obtain the aerosol deposition results through the coating deposited on the deposition wall of the aerosol particle injection compartment, the first transport deposition compartment, the second transport deposition compartment, the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe; collect and calculate the mass of aerosol transported from the aerosol particle injection compartment to the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe through the flow meter and the aerosol optical particle counter;

[0029] If not, the first exhaust system and the second exhaust system of the exhaust subsystem are turned on to exhaust the exhaust gas and aerosol from the second transport deposition compartment and the first transport deposition compartment respectively, so that the simulation test system is restored to the initial state, and the above process is repeated multiple times until the specific test matrix is ​​completed;

[0030] The above data were recorded to obtain the three-dimensional flow field distribution in the aerosol particle injection compartment, the first transport deposition compartment, and the second transport deposition compartment, the aerosol path, the aerosol mass diffused to the adjacent compartments, the aerosol deposition mass and the deposition distribution results in the above three compartments.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution, the aerosol deposition results are collected and obtained through the sedimentation coating, including drying and weighing the deposited aerosol to obtain the aerosol mass; and observing the sedimentation coating under a metallographic microscope to obtain the deposition distribution of different particle sizes.

[0032] The technical solution adopted by the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The airborne radioactivity transport simulation test system provided by the present invention can realistically simulate the leakage diffusion path and transport process of airborne radioactivity between multiple compartments in a passive containment accident by setting multiple compartments (including an aerosol particle injection compartment, a first transport deposition compartment, and a second transport deposition compartment) and their connecting pipelines. This design enables the test system to be closer to the actual accident scene, improves the accuracy and reliability of the test data, and provides a scientific basis for source term analysis.

[0034] 2. The present invention realizes the accurate measurement of the three-dimensional flow field distribution, transport path and particle size evolution of aerosol particles in different compartments through the coordinated work of the flow field measurement subsystem and the aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem. In particular, the application of particle imaging instrument (PIV) and Doppler three-dimensional particle dynamic analyzer can capture the three-dimensional dynamic behavior of aerosols, providing strong support for the in-depth study of aerosol transport mechanism and diffusion law.

[0035] 3. The present invention adopts a detachable connection technical solution. The aerosol particle injection compartment, the transport deposition compartment and the connecting pipeline are all modularly designed, which is convenient for the rapid assembly, disassembly and maintenance of the test system. At the same time, the test compartment and the connecting pipeline are provided with deposition walls and sedimentation coatings, which are helpful for collecting deposition data and conducting multiple repeated tests, greatly improving the applicability and economy of the system.

[0036] 4. The present invention integrates a particle generator, a steam generator, an isokinetic sampler and a variety of advanced measuring instruments to simultaneously generate the superheated steam and aerosol mixture required for the test, simulate the mass-energy release into the containment during a containment accident, and accurately control the aerosol injection flow rate. In addition, the exhaust subsystem can quickly exhaust the exhaust gas, allowing the system to quickly return to its initial state, significantly shortening the test preparation time, improving the test efficiency, and meeting a variety of test requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments, which constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an airborne radioactive transport simulation test system for passive containment accidents of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 The present invention is a process flow diagram of a test method based on an airborne radioactive transport simulation test system.

[0040] Description of reference numerals:

[0041] 1. Aerosol particle injection subsystem; 11. Compressed air storage tank; 12. Buffer tank; 13. Particle generator; 14. Steam generator; 15. Flow control valve; 2. Aerosol transport and deposition subsystem; 21. Aerosol particle injection compartment; 22. First transport deposition compartment; 23. Second transport deposition compartment; 24. First connecting pipe; 25. Second connecting pipe; 3. Flow field measurement subsystem; 31. Particle imaging instrument (PIV); 32. Doppler three-dimensional particle dynamic analyzer; 4. Aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem; 41. Flow meter; 42. Aerosol optical particle counter; 43. Isokinetic sampler; 44. Aerodynamic particle size spectrometer; 5. Exhaust subsystem; 51. First exhaust system; 52. Second exhaust system; 6. Auxiliary subsystem; 61. First bracket; 62. Second bracket; 7. Three-dimensional mobile coordinate frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments of the present invention and the corresponding drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the term "or" is usually used in the sense of including "and / or", unless the content clearly indicates otherwise.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or a magnetic connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0044] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides an airborne radioactive transport simulation test system for passive containment accidents, and in particular, relates to a simulation test system for airborne radioactive multi-compartment transport under passive containment accident conditions, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes an aerosol particle injection subsystem 1, an aerosol transport and deposition subsystem 2, a flow field measurement subsystem 3, an aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem 4, an exhaust subsystem 5 and an auxiliary subsystem 6. Among them, the aerosol particle injection subsystem 1 provides an aerosol particle source that meets the requirements for the simulation test system. The aerosol particle injection subsystem 1 has a flexible adjustment function for multiple parameters, including particle type, particle size distribution, injection rate, particle concentration and steam mass energy release, etc., to meet the needs of different test scenarios and ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the test input. The aerosol transport and deposition subsystem 2 is used to provide suitable limited space configuration conditions for conducting multi-compartment aerosol transport and deposition tests, so as to simulate the transport path, dynamic behavior and deposition characteristics of aerosol particles under accident conditions, and to study the distribution and migration law of airborne radioactive materials inside the passive containment. The flow field measurement subsystem 3 is used to monitor and analyze the fluid flow state inside the simulation test system in real time, so as to accurately obtain the key parameters of the flow field and aerosol characteristics during the aerosol transport process. The aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem 4 is used to monitor and accurately measure the deposition behavior and three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of aerosol particles during the transport process in real time, so as to evaluate the migration law and deposition effect of airborne radioactive substances. The exhaust subsystem 5 is used to safely and effectively discharge and treat the gases and aerosols generated during the test process, so as to maintain a stable operating environment inside the test system and prevent the leakage of harmful substances. The auxiliary subsystem 6 is used to provide necessary support and guarantee for the normal operation of the test system.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the aerosol particle injection subsystem 1 includes a compressed air storage tank 11, a buffer tank 12, a particle generator 13, a steam generator 14 and a flow control valve 15 connected in sequence. One end of the flow control valve 15 is connected to the steam generator 14, and the other end is connected to the aerosol transport and deposition subsystem 2 including multiple compartments, so as to inject aerosol particles into the aerosol transport and deposition subsystem 2. The compressed air storage tank 11 uses nitrogen (inert gas) as compressed gas and provides carrier gas for aerosol injection. The buffer tank 12 is arranged between the compressed air storage tank 11 and the particle generator 13, and is used to stabilize the high-pressure and high-speed nitrogen in the compressed air storage tank 11 so that it can be evenly mixed with the aerosol when passing through the particle generator 13. The particle generator 13 uses a fluidized bed particle generator to ensure a better stabilization effect. The steam generator 14 can provide superheated steam, which enters the aerosol transport and deposition subsystem 2 through the mixed aerosol, thereby restoring the accident process of high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor entrained with aerosol and sprayed in the accident compartment in a real accident scene. The flow control valve 15 is used to control the flow entering the aerosol transport and deposition subsystem 2, and is used to realize the simulation of reactor accident processes of different accident types (such as: LOCA accident, SGTR accident).

[0047] The aerosol transport and deposition subsystem 2 includes an aerosol particle injection compartment 21, a first transport deposition compartment 22, a second transport deposition compartment 23, a first connecting pipe 24, and a second connecting pipe 25. The aerosol particle injection compartment 21 is directly connected to the flow control valve 15 to simulate the accident compartment and serve as the initial release space for the radioactive aerosol source term after the accident. Figure 1 The direction under the test state shown is taken as the standard. The first transport deposition compartment 22 is arranged above the aerosol particle injection compartment 21. The first transport deposition compartment 22 is adjacent to the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 in the vertical direction, and serves as the longitudinal leakage adjacent compartment of the radioactive aerosol source term after the accident. The second transport deposition compartment 23 is located on the same horizontal line as the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 and is arranged on the left side of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21. The second transport deposition compartment 23 is adjacent to the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 in the horizontal direction, and serves as the lateral leakage adjacent compartment of the radioactive aerosol source term after the accident. The first connecting pipe 24 is disposed between the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 and the second transport deposition compartment 23, and is used to simulate the leakage path between the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 and the second transport deposition compartment 23; the second connecting pipe 25 is disposed between the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 and the first transport deposition compartment 22, and is used to simulate the leakage path between the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 and the first transport deposition compartment 22. The aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22, the second transport deposition compartment 23, the first connecting pipe 24 and the second connecting pipe 25 are detachably connected so as to clean and replace the aerosol deposition coating in time, which helps to ensure the long-term stable operation of the simulation test system.

[0048] The flow field measurement subsystem 3 is arranged above the first transport deposition compartment 22 and / or the second transport deposition compartment 23, and is used to measure and analyze the flow field of aerosol and thermal-hydraulic coupling flow field, and obtain the three-dimensional velocity distribution of the flow field and the three-dimensional velocity distribution of the aerosol. The flow field measurement subsystem 3 is provided with a particle imaging device (PIV) 31 (not shown in the figure) and a Doppler three-dimensional particle dynamic analyzer 32 (not shown in the figure). The particle imaging device (PIV) 31 measures the flow field of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22 and the second transport deposition compartment 23; the Doppler three-dimensional particle dynamic analyzer 32 is used to measure the aerosol to realize the non-contact measurement of the particle size and three-dimensional velocity parameters.

[0049] The aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem 4 is provided with a plurality of flow meters 41, an aerosol optical particle counter 42, a constant speed sampler 43 and an aerodynamic particle size spectrometer 44. The plurality of flow meters 41 are respectively distributed at both ends of the first connecting pipe 24 and the second connecting pipe 25, that is, the flow meters 41 are respectively provided at the connection between the first connecting pipe 24 and the second transport deposition compartment 23, the connection between the first connecting pipe 24 and the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the connection between the second connecting pipe 25 and the first transport deposition compartment 22, and the connection between the second connecting pipe 25 and the aerosol particle injection compartment 21. Figure 1 As shown, an aerosol optical particle counter 42 is arranged outside and connected to a plurality of flow meters 41 respectively. The plurality of flow meters 41 cooperate with the aerosol optical particle counter 42 to obtain the aerosol mass flow rate at the inlet and outlet of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22 and the second transport deposition compartment 23 by calculation, so as to realize the aerosol mass of the aerosol particles transported to the adjacent compartments. The isokinetic sampler 43 is connected to the aerodynamic particle size spectrometer 44, and can be movably arranged at the top of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22 or the second transport deposition compartment 23 according to the measurement requirements of different compartments, so as to measure the three-dimensional distribution of the aerosol. The isokinetic sampler 43 is used to control the aerosol concentration of the sampled gas so that it is equal to the actual concentration at the sampling point. The isokinetic sampler 43 is connected to the aerosol optical particle counter 42 and the aerodynamic particle size spectrometer 44. The sampled gas passing through the isokinetic sampler 43 is analyzed for concentration and particle size spectrum by the aerosol optical particle counter 42 and the aerodynamic particle size spectrometer 44, thereby realizing the three-dimensional distribution measurement of the aerosol in the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22 and the second transport deposition compartment 23. The aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem 4 measures the aerosol mass distributed on the bottom and surface of the first connecting pipe 24, the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22 and the second transport deposition compartment 23, measures the aerosol mass transported by the aerosol particles to the adjacent compartments, and measures the three-dimensional distribution of the aerosol concentration in the three compartments through the above-mentioned structural design.

[0050] The exhaust subsystem 5 includes a first exhaust system 51 and a second exhaust system 52. The first exhaust system 51 is connected to the first transport and deposition compartment 22, and the second exhaust system 52 is connected to the second transport and deposition compartment 23, which are used for decompression and exhaust of waste gas and waste liquid after the test is completed.

[0051] The auxiliary subsystem 6 includes a first bracket 61 and a second bracket 62. The first bracket 61 is configured to pass through the interior of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 and the second transport deposition compartment 23 to provide stable support and positioning for the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 and the second transport deposition compartment 23; the second bracket 62 is configured to pass through the interior of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 and the first transport deposition compartment 22 to provide stable support and positioning for the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 and the first transport deposition compartment 22.

[0052] Through the above structural design, aerosol particles that meet the test requirements are generated through the aerosol particle injection subsystem 1, and the particles are injected into the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 in the aerosol transport and deposition subsystem 2 through the flow control valve 15 to simulate the initial release of the radioactive aerosol source term. Subsequently, the aerosol particles are transported to the first transport deposition compartment 22 and the second transport deposition compartment 23 through the connecting pipes (the first connecting pipe 24 and the second connecting pipe 25), respectively, to simulate the longitudinal and lateral leakage paths of the aerosol under accident conditions.

[0053] During the transport process, the flow field measurement subsystem 3 monitors the flow field and aerosol three-dimensional velocity distribution inside each compartment in real time, and accurately measures the particle size and velocity parameters of the aerosol through the particle imaging device (PIV) 31 and the Doppler three-dimensional particle dynamic analyzer 32; the aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem 4 uses optical particle counters 42, aerodynamic particle size spectrometers 44, and isokinetic samplers 43 and other equipment to comprehensively measure the aerosol concentration, particle size distribution, and deposition characteristics in each compartment, and evaluate the migration and deposition behavior of airborne radioactive substances.

[0054] After the test is completed, the exhaust subsystem 5 realizes the safe discharge of exhaust gas and system pressure relief through the first exhaust system 51 and the second exhaust system 52, ensuring the safety and stability of the test environment. The auxiliary subsystem 6 provides stable support for the test assembly through the first bracket 61 and the second bracket 62, ensuring the accurate positioning of each component and the reliable operation of the test.

[0055] The overall system can simulate the generation, transport, deposition and dynamic behavior of aerosols under passive containment accident conditions, providing technical support for studying the migration laws of radioactive aerosols and their potential impact on the environment.

[0056] In some preferred embodiments, the outer layer of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 is sequentially coated with a cooling water circulation jacket and thermal insulation cotton. Preferably, a thermocouple is arranged outside the cooling water circulation jacket, and circulating cold water exists inside the cooling water circulation jacket. The thermocouple measures the temperature of the cooling water circulation jacket in real time to simulate the wall heat sink environment of the passive containment, thereby realizing a real passive containment condensation environment.

[0057] In some preferred embodiments, the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22 and the second transport deposition compartment 23 are all made of aviation glass to achieve three-dimensional measurement of natural convection and local circulation in a confined space flow field.

[0058] In some preferred embodiments, the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22, the second transport deposition compartment 23, the first connecting tube 24 and the second connecting tube 25 are all provided with deposition walls, and the deposition walls are all provided with sedimentation coatings for collecting aerosols deposited during the test.

[0059] In some preferred embodiments, the three-dimensional flow fields of the first transport deposition compartment 22 and the second transport deposition compartment 23 are measured using PIV technology, which is achieved through a laser sheet light source, tracer particles and a high-speed camera.

[0060] In some preferred embodiments, the cross-sectional areas of the first connecting pipe 24 and the second connecting pipe 25 are both set to be adjustable to match the leakage gap area, such as the door and window gap, between the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 and the second transport deposition compartment 23, and between the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 and the first transport deposition compartment 22. The cross-sectional areas of the first connecting pipe 24 and the second connecting pipe 25 are determined according to the leakage area between the accident compartment and the horizontally adjacent compartment in the multi-compartment of the actual passive containment.

[0061] In some preferred embodiments, the particle imaging instrument (PIV) 31 is equipped with a dual-head laser, a high-resolution camera and a synchronously triggered oscilloscope to measure the flow fields of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22 and the second transport deposition compartment 23.

[0062] In some preferred embodiments, a three-dimensional movable coordinate frame 7 (not shown in the figure) is further included. The three-dimensional movable coordinate frame 7 can be arranged on the top of the first bracket 61 and / or the second bracket 62 .

[0063] In some preferred embodiments, the isokinetic sampler 43 is fixedly mounted on the three-dimensional moving coordinate frame 7, and the isokinetic sampler 43 measures the three-dimensional distribution of the aerosol by performing three-dimensional movement on the three-dimensional moving coordinate frame 7, thereby achieving three-dimensional aerosol sampling. Preferably, according to measurement requirements, the three-dimensional moving coordinate frame 7 and the isokinetic sampler 43 are arranged at the top of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22, or the second transport deposition compartment 23.

[0064] In some preferred embodiments, a measuring point is provided at the aerosol outlet on one side of the flow control valve 15 connected to the aerosol transport and deposition subsystem 2. When an aerosol optical particle counter 42 is provided at the measuring point, the concentration of the aerosol entering the aerosol transport and deposition subsystem 2 can be measured.

[0065] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a test method based on the above-mentioned simulation test system, which restores the aerosol multi-compartment transport process of the real scene and obtains fine three-dimensional distribution data to analyze the actual airborne radioactive transport process or to verify the algorithm model, including the following steps:

[0066] S1: The compressed air storage tank 11 provides carrier gas, which is passed through the buffer tank 12, the particle generator 13, and the steam generator 14 to generate a mixture of superheated steam and aerosol with specific thermal parameters. The flow rate is controlled by the flow control valve 15 and sprayed into the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 to restore the accident process of high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor entrained with aerosol spraying in the accident compartment in a real accident scene;

[0067] S2: The high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor and aerosol mixture injected into the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 are transported to the second transport deposition compartment 23 and the first transport deposition compartment 22 respectively through the first connecting pipe 24 and the second connecting pipe 25 having specific flow channel sizes;

[0068] S3: The three-dimensional velocity of the flow field of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the second transport deposition compartment 23 and the first transport deposition compartment 22 is measured by a particle imaging device (PIV) 31; the aerosol particle size and three-dimensional velocity of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the second transport deposition compartment 23 and the first transport deposition compartment 22 are measured by a Doppler three-dimensional particle dynamic analyzer 32 to obtain the three-dimensional flow of the flow field and the three-dimensional transport path of the aerosol and the parameters of the evolution of the aerosol particle size under a specific accident scenario; the three-dimensional coordinate frame is used to drive the isokinetic sampler and cooperate with the aerodynamic particle size spectrometer and the aerosol optical particle counter to complete the three-dimensional distribution of the aerosol and the related concentration and particle size distribution measurements;

[0069] S4: Determine whether the measurement in step S3 is completed and the set test transport time is reached;

[0070] If so, the aerosol deposition results on the wall under the corresponding accident conditions are collected and obtained through the deposition coating provided on the deposition wall of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22, the second transport deposition compartment 23, the first connecting pipe 24 and the second connecting pipe 25; the mass of aerosol transported from the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 to the first connecting pipe 24 and the second connecting pipe 25 is collected and calculated through the flow meter 41 and the aerosol optical particle counter 42 provided at the inlet and outlet of the first connecting pipe 24 and the second connecting pipe 25;

[0071] If not, the first exhaust system 51 and the second exhaust system 52 of the exhaust subsystem 5 are opened to exhaust the exhaust gas and aerosol in the second transport deposition compartment 23 and the first transport deposition compartment 22 respectively, and restore the simulation test system to the initial state; and repeat the above steps S1-S3 multiple times until the measurement of step S3 is completed, and the specific test matrix is ​​completed;

[0072] S5: Record the data of steps S3 and S4 to obtain the three-dimensional flow field distribution, aerosol path, aerosol mass diffused to adjacent compartments, aerosol deposition mass and deposition distribution results of aerosol in the above three compartments under a specific accident scenario.

[0073] S6: Open the first exhaust system 51 and the second exhaust system 52 of the exhaust subsystem 5 to exhaust the waste gas and waste liquid in the second transport and deposition compartment 23 and the first transport and deposition compartment 22 respectively, restore the simulation test system to the initial state, and complete the test.

[0074] In some preferred embodiments, in step S2, the specific flow channel dimensions of the first connecting pipe 24 and the second connecting pipe 25 are determined by calculating the equivalent cross-sectional area corresponding to the leakage from the accident compartment to the adjacent compartment in an actual accident.

[0075] In some preferred embodiments, an aerosol optical particle counter 42 is provided at the outlet of the flow control valve 15 to measure the aerosol concentration entering the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, and the aerosol concentration is made to reach a set value by adjusting the release rate of the carrier gas; the superheated steam generated by the steam generator 14 passes through the flow control valve 15, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor entering the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 reaches a set value to simulate a specific accident scenario.

[0076] In some preferred embodiments, the deposition walls of the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the first transport deposition compartment 22 and the second transport deposition compartment 23 are made of aviation glass material to maintain transparency, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the particle imaging instrument (PIV) 31 and the Doppler three-dimensional particle dynamic analyzer 32.

[0077] In some preferred embodiments, in step S4, steps S1-S3 are repeated multiple times, preferably, steps S1-S3 are repeated ≥ 3 times to ensure that the aerosol concentration entering the aerosol particle injection compartment 21, the high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor flow rate, and the aerosol mass transported from the aerosol particle injection compartment 21 to the first connecting tube 24 and the second connecting tube 25 are consistent.

[0078] In some preferred embodiments, in step S4, the aerosol deposited on the deposited coating is collected, and the mass of the aerosol is obtained by drying and weighing; the deposited coating is observed and processed by a metallographic microscope to obtain the deposition distribution of different particle sizes.

[0079] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An airborne radioactive transport simulation test system for passive containment accidents, characterized in that: include: Aerosol particle injection subsystem, providing the aerosol particle source required for the test; The aerosol transport and deposition subsystem is provided with an aerosol particle injection compartment, a first transport deposition compartment, a second transport deposition compartment, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe, simulating an accident compartment and a leakage path; the first transport deposition compartment is adjacent to the aerosol particle injection compartment in a vertical direction, the second transport deposition compartment is adjacent to the aerosol particle injection compartment in a horizontal direction, the first connecting pipe connects the aerosol particle injection compartment and the second transport deposition compartment, and the second connecting pipe connects the aerosol particle injection compartment and the first transport deposition compartment; A flow field measurement subsystem, which is disposed above the first transport and deposition compartment and / or the second transport and deposition compartment and is used for flow field measurement and analysis; An aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem, the aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem includes a plurality of flow meters, an aerosol optical particle counter and an aerodynamic particle size spectrometer. The plurality of flow meters are arranged at both ends of the first connecting tube and the second connecting tube, and cooperate with the aerosol optical particle counter to calculate the aerosol mass and flow rate at the inlet and outlet of the aerosol particle injection compartment, the first transport deposition compartment and the second transport deposition compartment.

2. The airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first transport and deposition compartment is disposed vertically above the aerosol particle injection compartment, and the second transport and deposition compartment is disposed horizontally on the left side of the aerosol particle injection compartment.

3. The airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerosol particle injection compartment, the first transport deposition compartment, the second transport deposition compartment, the first connecting tube, and the second connecting tube are detachably connected.

4. The airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The aerosol particle injection compartment, the first transport deposition compartment, the second transport deposition compartment, the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe are all provided with deposition walls, and the deposition walls are all provided with sedimentation coatings.

5. The airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerosol deposition and transport measurement subsystem is also provided with an isokinetic sampler, which is connected to the aerodynamic particle size spectrometer and the aerosol optical particle counter and is used to measure the concentration and particle size distribution of the sampled aerosol.

6. The airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The aerosol particle injection subsystem is provided with a connected compressed air storage tank and a flow control valve. The compressed air storage tank provides an inert gas carrier gas, and the flow control valve is connected to the aerosol particle injection compartment to control the injection flow rate.

7. The airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A steam generator is also provided between the compressed air storage tank and the flow control valve to provide superheated steam.

8. The airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A particle generator is also provided between the compressed air storage tank and the steam generator.

9. The airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The system further includes an exhaust subsystem, wherein the exhaust subsystem includes a first exhaust system and a second exhaust system, wherein the first exhaust system is connected to the first transport and deposition compartment, and the second exhaust system is connected to the second transport and deposition compartment.

10. The airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes an auxiliary subsystem, which includes a first bracket and a second bracket, the first bracket is distributed throughout the aerosol particle injection compartment and the second transport deposition compartment, and the second bracket is distributed throughout the aerosol particle injection compartment and the first transport deposition compartment.

11. The airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to claim 10, characterized in that: It also includes a three-dimensional moving coordinate frame, the first bracket and / or the second bracket are arranged on the top of the three-dimensional moving coordinate frame, and the isokinetic sampler is placed on the three-dimensional moving coordinate frame to achieve three-dimensional aerosol sampling.

12. The airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The flow field measurement subsystem includes a particle imaging device (PIV) and a Doppler three-dimensional particle dynamic analyzer, which are used for three-dimensional flow field measurement.

13. A test method based on the airborne radioactive transport simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: include: The compressed air storage tank provides carrier gas, and the carrier gas carries the aerosol through the particle generator and the steam generator to generate the superheated steam and aerosol mixture required for the test, and the mixture is controlled by the flow control valve and sprayed into the aerosol particle injection compartment; The mixture is transported to the second transport and deposition compartment and the first transport and deposition compartment respectively through the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe; The flow field parameters of the aerosol particle injection compartment, the second transport deposition compartment and the first transport deposition compartment are measured; the particle imaging instrument (PIV) measures the three-dimensional velocity of the flow field of the aerosol particle injection compartment, the second transport deposition compartment and the first transport deposition compartment; the Doppler three-dimensional particle dynamic analyzer measures the three-dimensional flow of the flow field and the three-dimensional transport path of the aerosol, and the aerosol particle size evolution parameters; the three-dimensional coordinate frame is used to drive the isokinetic sampler and cooperate with the aerodynamic particle size spectrometer and the aerosol optical particle counter to complete the three-dimensional distribution of the aerosol and the related concentration and particle size distribution measurements; Determining whether the flow field parameter measurement is completed and the set test transport time is reached; If yes, the aerosol deposition result is collected and obtained through the aerosol particle injection compartment, the first transport deposition compartment, the second transport deposition compartment, the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe on the deposition wall surface; the mass of aerosol transported from the aerosol particle injection compartment to the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe is collected and calculated through the flow meter and the aerosol optical particle counter; If not, the first exhaust system and the second exhaust system of the exhaust subsystem are turned on to exhaust the exhaust gas and aerosol from the second transport deposition compartment and the first transport deposition compartment respectively, so that the simulation test system is restored to the initial state, and the above process is repeated multiple times until a specific test matrix is ​​completed; The above data are recorded to obtain the three-dimensional flow field distribution in the aerosol particle injection compartment, the first transport deposition compartment, and the second transport deposition compartment, the aerosol path, the aerosol mass diffused to the adjacent compartments, the aerosol deposition mass and the deposition distribution results in the above three compartments.

14. The test method according to claim 13, characterized in that The aerosol deposition result is collected and obtained through the sedimentation coating, including drying and weighing the deposited aerosol to obtain the aerosol mass; and observing the sedimentation coating with a metallographic microscope to obtain the deposition distribution of different particle sizes.

Images