All-metal high-gain antenna

Abstract

The invention provides an all-metal high-gain antenna, which belongs to the technical field of communication, and adopts a periodic square metal column equivalent medium to regulate and control the radiance and phase of edge diffraction of each group of arch structures, thereby realizing in-phase superposition. The periodic square metal columns can increase the contact area with air, more efficient heat dissipation is achieved, and higher-power application is met. According to the invention, the radiation intensity and the phase of edge diffraction can be changed by adjusting the periodic square metal columns and the arched structures, so that an inclined wave beam is realized, and more flexible design is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of communication technology, and in particular relates to an all-metal high-gain antenna. Background Art

[0002] As a key component in wireless communication systems, antennas are responsible for transmitting and receiving signals, and their performance directly affects the efficiency and quality of the entire communication system. With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the performance requirements for antennas are also constantly increasing, especially in terms of high gain, directivity, and bandwidth. High-gain antennas are widely used in satellite communications, radar systems, wireless broadcasting, and modern mobile communications because they can concentrate radiation or receive signals in a specific direction, thereby improving communication distance and quality. At present, common high-gain antennas mainly include parabolic antennas, parabolic array antennas, Yagi-Uda antennas, flat array antennas, and phased array antennas. These antennas have their own characteristics and are suitable for different application scenarios.

[0003] 1. Parabolic antenna: A parabolic reflector is used to focus the electromagnetic waves from or to the feed source to achieve high gain and high directivity radiation characteristics. Its advantages are high gain and narrow beam, which are suitable for long-distance communication and precise positioning. However, the parabolic antenna has a complex structure, high manufacturing precision requirements, and a large size, which is not conducive to portable and miniaturized applications.

[0004] 2. Parabolic array antenna: By combining multiple parabolic antenna arrays, higher gain and more flexible beam control can be achieved. Although the system performance can be further improved, its structure is more complex, the cost is higher, and it faces more challenges in debugging and maintenance.

[0005] 3. Yagi-Uda antenna: It consists of a series of directors and reflectors, has high directivity and gain, and is widely used in the fields of television reception and radio communications. Its structure is relatively simple, but its gain is limited, and it is difficult to meet application scenarios with higher gain requirements.

[0006] 4. Flat-panel array antenna: Multiple unit antennas are used to form a planar array, and the directivity and shape of the beam are controlled by adjusting the phase and amplitude of each unit. Flat-panel array antennas have good flexibility and scalability, but are easily affected by mutual coupling when integrated on a large scale, and the manufacturing and control costs of high-density arrays are high.

[0007] 5. Phased array antenna: Use electronic methods to control the phase of antenna units in real time to achieve fast beam scanning and multi-beam forming. Phased array antennas have important application value in modern radar and communication systems, but their complex electronic control systems and high power consumption design limit their promotion in some portable and low-cost applications.

[0008] Although the above high-gain antennas have been widely used in their respective fields, they still have some shortcomings:

[0009] 1. High structural complexity: Many high-gain antennas, such as parabolic antennas and phased array antennas, have complex structural designs and require high-precision manufacturing processes, resulting in high production and maintenance costs, which is not conducive to large-scale promotion and application.

[0010] 2. Large size: High-gain antennas usually require a large reflecting surface or array size to achieve the required gain and directivity, which becomes a major obstacle in space-constrained or portable applications.

[0011] 3. Heavy weight: Especially the all-metal structure antenna, its weight is large, which increases the inconvenience of installation and movement, and limits its application in fields such as mobile communications and unmanned systems.

[0012] 4. High manufacturing difficulty: High-precision all-metal antennas require complex processing technology and strict quality control, which increases the production cycle and cost, and has high requirements for the manufacturing environment and technology.

[0013] 5. Insufficient heat dissipation performance: Some high-gain antennas are prone to heat accumulation in high-power applications, which affects the performance and reliability of the antenna. An additional heat dissipation system needs to be designed, which further increases the complexity of the overall structure.

[0014] The above shortcomings are mainly caused by the following factors:

[0015] 1. Design relies on complex geometry: To achieve high gain and directivity, many high-gain antennas use complex geometric structures, such as parabolas or multi-layer arrays, which places high demands on manufacturing accuracy and process, resulting in complex structures and difficulty in miniaturization.

[0016] 2. Material selection limitations: Although all-metal antennas have excellent electromagnetic performance, they are heavy and difficult to process, which limits the lightweight and portable design of the antenna. At the same time, the cost of metal materials is high, which increases the overall manufacturing cost.

[0017] 3. Complexity of electronic control systems: For example, phased array antennas require a large number of phase control units and complex drive circuits, which leads to complex system design, difficult control, and high power consumption, affecting overall reliability and economy.

[0018] 4. Thermal management challenges: Heat dissipation in high-power applications requires specially designed cooling systems, which often require additional materials and structural support, further increasing the weight and volume of the antenna.

[0019] In summary, existing high-gain antennas often face problems such as complex structure, large size, heavy weight, high manufacturing difficulty and insufficient heat dissipation performance while achieving high performance. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a high-gain all-metal antenna with simple structure, light weight, easy manufacturing and good heat dissipation performance to meet the needs of modern wireless communication and radar systems for high-performance antennas. Summary of the invention

[0020] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an all-metal high-gain antenna, which solves the problem that traditional antennas are difficult to integrate with the heat dissipation system. The periodic structure of the antenna itself not only adjusts the radiation of the antenna, but also serves as a heat dissipation structure. In addition, the all-metal antenna can better carry high-power radiation and dissipate heat itself better.

[0021] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an all-metal high-gain antenna, comprising a metal base plate, and a feeding metal waveguide substrate and a feeding waveguide cavity arranged on the metal base plate;

[0022] A plurality of groups of periodic square metal columns are arranged on the metal base plate, a first arched metal, a second arched metal and a third arched metal are installed on each group of periodic square metal columns, the first arched metal, the second arched metal and the third arched metal are connected to the metal base plate through a card slot, a feeding coupling slot is arranged in the middle of the metal base plate, periodic cylindrical holes are arranged on the feeding metal waveguide substrate, the periodic cylindrical holes are distributed near the feeding waveguide cavity, two waveguide matching cylinders are arranged inside the feeding waveguide cavity, the feeding waveguide cavity is connected through a feeding positioning hole and a feeding positioning column, and coaxial feeding holes are distributed on the feeding metal waveguide substrate.

[0023] Furthermore, the metal base plate and the periodic square metal columns are realized by machining a whole piece of metal, and the first arched metal, the second arched metal and the third arched metal are realized by metal sheet processing.

[0024] Furthermore, three pairs of the first arched metal, the second arched metal and the third arched metal are clamped on the metal bottom plate through six clamping slots, and the six clamping slots and the three pairs of the first arched metal, the second arched metal and the third arched metal are symmetrically distributed along the x-axis.

[0025] Furthermore, the periodic cylindrical holes and the metal bottom plate are combined into an electromagnetic bandgap structure.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] (1) The present invention proposes a new type of all-metal high-gain antenna, which uses the diffraction of the metal edge to form high-gain radiation. The present invention uses periodic square metal column equivalent medium to regulate the radiance and phase of the diffraction of each group of arch structure edges, and realizes in-phase superposition. In addition, the periodic square metal column can increase the contact area with the air, achieve more efficient heat dissipation, and meet higher power applications.

[0028] (2) The present invention adopts an all-metal structure, avoids the use of dielectric materials, avoids dielectric loss, and improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0029] (3) The structures of the present invention do not need to be perfectly connected, and periodic circular holes are used to realize the electromagnetic band gap structure, which reduces the requirements for processing accuracy and the difficulty of assembly.

[0030] (4) The present invention can achieve a tilted beam by adjusting the periodic square metal columns and arch structures to change the radiance and phase of the edge diffraction, thereby achieving a more flexible design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 Structural diagram of the feeding waveguide of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 Top and side views of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the electromagnetic bandgap structure of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 The present invention serves as a schematic diagram of a heat dissipation structure.

[0037] Among them, 1-first arched metal, 2-second arched metal, 3-third arched metal, 4-metal base plate, 5-periodic square metal column, 6-slot, 7-feeding coupling slot, 8-feeding positioning column, 9-feeding positioning hole, 10-feeding metal waveguide substrate, 11-periodic cylindrical hole, 12-waveguide matching cylinder, 13-coaxial feeding hole, 14-feeding waveguide cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0039] Example

[0040] like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an all-metal high-gain antenna, including a metal base plate 4, and a feeding metal waveguide substrate 10 and a feeding waveguide cavity 14 arranged on the metal base plate 4; a plurality of groups of periodic square metal columns 5 are arranged on the metal base plate 4, and a first arched metal 1, a second arched metal 2 and a third arched metal 3 are installed on each group of periodic square metal columns 5, and the first arched metal 1, the second arched metal 2 and the third arched metal 3 are connected to the metal base plate 4 through a card slot 6, and a feeding coupling slot 7 is arranged in the middle of the metal base plate 4, and a periodic cylindrical hole 11 is arranged on the feeding metal waveguide substrate 10, and the periodic cylindrical holes 11 are distributed near the feeding waveguide cavity 14, and two waveguide matching cylinders 12 are arranged inside the feeding waveguide cavity 14, and the feeding waveguide cavity 14 is connected to the feeding positioning hole 9 and the feeding positioning column 8, and a coaxial feeding hole 13 is distributed on the feeding metal waveguide substrate 10. The metal base plate 4 and the periodic square metal column 5 are realized by machining a whole piece of metal, and the first arched metal 1, the second arched metal 2 and the third arched metal 3 are realized by metal sheet processing. Three pairs of the first arched metal 1, the second arched metal 2 and the third arched metal 3 are clamped on the metal base plate 4 through six clamping slots 6, and the six clamping slots 6 and the three pairs of the first arched metal 1, the second arched metal 2 and the third arched metal 3 are symmetrically distributed along the x-axis. The periodic cylindrical hole 11 and the metal base plate 4 are combined into an electromagnetic band gap structure.

[0041] In this embodiment, there are 6 groups of periodic square metal columns 5 on the metal base plate 4, and an arched metal (including a first arched metal 1, a second arched metal 2 and a third arched metal 3) is installed above each group of periodic square metal columns 5, and the arched metal is connected and fixed to the metal base plate 4 through a slot 6. The metal base plate 4 and the periodic square metal columns 5 are made of a whole piece of metal through mechanical processing. The arched metal is realized by metal sheet processing. There is a feeding coupling slot 7 in the middle of the metal base plate 5, and the feeding waveguide cavity 14 is connected and fixed through the feeding positioning hole 9 and the feeding positioning column 8. The feeding coaxial line passes through the feeding waveguide and then excites the antenna through the feeding coupling slot 7. There are periodic cylindrical holes 11 distributed near the feeding waveguide cavity 14 on the feeding metal waveguide substrate 10. This is to avoid energy leakage of the waveguide cavity. There are two waveguide matching cylinders 12 inside the feeding waveguide cavity 14 to adjust the matching.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, the main working principle of the present invention is: coaxial line feed excitation metal waveguide, such as Figure 3 As shown, the waveguide couples energy to the metal base plate 4 through the feed coupling slot 7, and diffraction will occur at the edge of the arched metal. Part of the energy will be radiated, and the other part will be transmitted between the arched metal and the periodic square metal column 5 until the next group of arched metal and periodic square metal column 5 are stimulated. By controlling the distance between each group of arched metals and the width of the arched metal, the diffraction field of each arched metal edge can be superimposed to form a high-gain radiation beam. Among them, the role of the periodic square metal column 5 is equivalent to a dielectric material, making the arched metal equivalent to a waveguide structure filled with a medium. By regulating the periodic structure, the phase and amplitude of each group of arched structures during the energy transmission process can be adjusted, thereby achieving a higher gain. The structure of the periodic square metal column 5 can also be used as a heat dissipation structure, which increases the contact area with the air and achieves more efficient thermal control.

[0043] In this embodiment, the periodic cylindrical holes 11 on the metal waveguide structure and the metal substrate 4 are combined to realize an electromagnetic bandgap structure. The metal substrate 4 can be equivalent to a PEC structure, and the periodic cylindrical holes can be equivalent to a PMC structure. Figure 5 As shown, even if a gap appears during the assembly of the metal waveguide and the metal substrate 4, the electromagnetic wave will not leak due to the electromagnetic bandgap structure, thus avoiding energy loss and reducing the difficulty of processing and assembly. The antenna structure of the present invention can also be realized by metal 3D printing technology. Compared with mechanical processing, 3D printing can be integrally formed to avoid errors caused by the assembly process. Since the antenna is an all-metal structure, it can withstand high temperatures, and the antenna as a whole can be regarded as a heat dissipation structure, acting as a heat sink in the system, such as Figure 6 As shown, the system integration is increased and the cost is reduced.

Claims

1. An all-metal high-gain antenna, characterized in that: It comprises a metal bottom plate (4), and a feeding metal waveguide substrate (10) and a feeding waveguide cavity (14) arranged on the metal bottom plate (4); A plurality of groups of periodic square metal columns (5) are arranged on the metal base plate (4), and a first arched metal (1), a second arched metal (2) and a third arched metal (3) are installed on each group of periodic square metal columns (5); the first arched metal (1), the second arched metal (2) and the third arched metal (3) are connected to the metal base plate (4) via a clamping slot (6); a feeding coupling slot (7) is arranged in the middle of the metal base plate (4); periodic cylindrical holes (11) are arranged on the feeding metal waveguide substrate (10); the periodic cylindrical holes (11) are distributed near a feeding waveguide cavity (14); two waveguide matching cylinders (12) are arranged inside the feeding waveguide cavity (14); the feeding waveguide cavity (14) is connected via a feeding positioning hole (9) and a feeding positioning column (8); and coaxial feeding holes (13) are distributed on the feeding metal waveguide substrate (10).

2. The all-metal high-gain antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal base plate (4) and the periodic square metal columns (5) are made from a whole piece of metal through mechanical processing, and the first arched metal (1), the second arched metal (2) and the third arched metal (3) are made through metal sheet processing.

3. The all-metal high-gain antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Three pairs of the first arched metal (1), the second arched metal (2) and the third arched metal (3) are clamped on the metal base plate (4) through six clamping slots (6); the six clamping slots (6) and the three pairs of the first arched metal (1), the second arched metal (2) and the third arched metal (3) are symmetrically distributed along the x-axis.

4. The all-metal high-gain antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The periodic cylindrical holes (11) and the metal bottom plate (4) are combined into an electromagnetic bandgap structure.

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