Dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with co-aperture structure characteristics

Abstract

The present application provides a dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure feature, which can be used in the field of microwave communication technology. The antenna includes a stacked first dielectric substrate, a slotted metal patch, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate and a metal ground; two pairs of planar dipoles are arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and a patch resonator is arranged on the lower surface; two orthogonally connected step gaps are arranged on the slotted metal patch, and a first metal patch is arranged at the end of the step gap, and the first metal patch is short-circuited with the metal ground through a metallized through-hole; two orthogonally connected differential feed lines are arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, one differential feed line is electrically connected to the first differential port arranged on the metal ground through a feed conductor, and the other differential feed line is electrically connected to the second differential port arranged on the metal ground through a feed conductor. The antenna of the present application takes into account the antenna size and performance well, and has the advantages of small size and high performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microwave communication technology, and in particular to a dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure feature. Background Art

[0002] In the 5G communication era, the demand for high-performance antennas has become more urgent. How to design high-performance new base station antennas in 5G-related working frequency bands has important application value for the development of my country's wireless communication technology industry.

[0003] In this regard, dual-frequency dual-polarization antennas play an important role in 5G wireless communication systems. Each frequency band of dual-polarization antennas has dual-polarization characteristics, which not only further expands the channel capacity, but also helps to overcome the signal fading caused by multipath effects. In addition, the dual-polarization design can also avoid the polarization mismatch problem encountered by terminal devices when receiving and transmitting. Therefore, dual-frequency dual-polarization base station antennas can better adapt to the application environment of 5G communication base stations and improve the working performance and efficiency of 5G communication base stations.

[0004] However, the current dual-band dual-polarized antenna still has the problem of not being able to balance antenna size and antenna performance. Therefore, the development of a miniaturized, low-profile, high-gain, and high-isolation dual-band dual-polarized antenna is of great significance to the 5G base station communication system. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure feature, which is used to solve the technical problem that the existing dual-band dual-polarization antenna cannot take into account both small size and high performance.

[0006] According to the first aspect disclosed in the present application, the present application provides a dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure feature, comprising a first dielectric substrate, a slotted metal patch, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate and a metal ground stacked in sequence from top to bottom;

[0007] Two pairs of planar dipoles are arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and a patch resonator is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate;

[0008] The slotted metal patch is provided with two orthogonally connected stepped gaps, and a first metal patch is provided at the end of the stepped gap, and the first metal patch is short-circuited with the metal ground through a metallized through hole passing through the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate;

[0009] Two orthogonally connected differential feed lines are arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, one of the differential feed lines is electrically connected to a first differential port arranged on the metal ground through a feed conductor, and the other differential feed line is electrically connected to a second differential port arranged on the metal ground through a feed conductor.

[0010] In a feasible implementation manner, the planar dipole includes two second metal patches spaced apart and distributed along the same axis, and the second metal patches of the two pairs of planar dipoles are centrally symmetrically arranged.

[0011] In a feasible implementation manner, the second metal patch is pentagonal, and the pointed end of each second metal patch points to the symmetry center.

[0012] In a feasible implementation manner, the patch resonator includes four third metal patches distributed at intervals, and the third metal patches are arranged in a square ring shape.

[0013] In a feasible implementation manner, the third metal patch is trapezoidal.

[0014] In a feasible implementation manner, each of the third metal patches is equidistant from the symmetry center of the second metal patch.

[0015] In a feasible implementation manner, the slotted metal patch has the same planar area as the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate.

[0016] In a feasible implementation manner, there is a preset gap between the slotted metal patch and the first dielectric substrate.

[0017] In a feasible implementation manner, the first differential port includes a first positive port and a first negative port for providing a first differential signal, and the second differential port includes a second positive port and a second negative port for providing a second differential signal.

[0018] In a feasible implementation manner, a circular etched area for connecting with the metallized through hole is disposed on the lower surface of the first metal patch, and the diameter of the circular etched area is greater than the diameter of the metallized through hole.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present application provides a dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structural feature, in which the feeding part of the antenna adopts differential feeding to achieve high isolation and low cross-polarization. The slotted metal patch with orthogonally connected cross-shaped stepped gaps in the radiation structure part of the antenna not only couples and excites the parasitic plane dipole and parasitic patch resonator above, but also provides a resonance mode in the upper and lower frequency bands. The parasitic patch resonator is coupled and excited by the slotted metal patch below, providing another resonance mode in the low frequency band, further expanding the impedance bandwidth of the low frequency band. The top plane dipole is directly above the slotted metal patch, and can be coupled and excited to the greatest extent, providing another resonance mode in the high frequency band, expanding the impedance bandwidth of the high frequency band. In addition, the metallized through-hole and the first metal patch not only improve the line-of-sight gain in the high frequency band, but also improve the impedance matching in the high frequency band.

[0021] At the same time, under the premise of meeting the high performance of the dual-band dual-polarized antenna, in order to minimize the size of the antenna, the radiation structure part and the differential feeding part of the antenna are designed as a planar stacking structure to minimize the volume and profile height of the entire antenna. Through reasonable spatial layout, the limited system space is fully utilized to reduce the electromagnetic coupling effect between different working frequency bands, so that the antenna has a higher gain performance in dual-band dual-polarized applications. Under the premise of controlling the size and weight of the antenna as much as possible, the space occupied by the antenna is greatly saved, and the requirements of modern communication technology for high space utilization and high spectrum utilization of the antenna are met, so that the dual-band dual-polarized base station antenna has the advantages of small size and low profile while having high bandwidth, high gain and high isolation. In addition, the dual-band dual-polarized base station antenna with a common aperture structure is relatively simple in structure on the basis of miniaturization and low profile, and is very easy to process and produce. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency band dual-polarization common-aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 A front view of a frequency band dual-polarization common-aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the dimensions of a frequency band dual-polarization common-aperture base station antenna upper structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a slotted metal patch provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a differential feeder provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 An S-parameter simulation diagram of a frequency band dual-polarization common-aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 A gain curve simulation diagram of a frequency band dual-polarization common-aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 A simulation diagram of the radiation direction of a frequency band dual-polarization common-aperture base station antenna in the 3.5 GHz frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig. 9 A radiation direction simulation diagram of a frequency band dual-polarization common-aperture base station antenna in the 4.8 GHz frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Description of reference numerals:

[0033] 1-a first dielectric substrate;

[0034] 2- second metal patch;

[0035] 3- The third metal patch;

[0036] 4-Slotted metal patch;

[0037] 5- Step gap;

[0038] 6- a second dielectric substrate;

[0039] 7- a third dielectric substrate;

[0040] 8- Differential feeder;

[0041] 9-metal ground;

[0042] 10-feed conductor;

[0043] 11-Metalized through holes;

[0044] 12-first metal patch;

[0045] 13a-first positive port;

[0046] 13b-first negative port;

[0047] 13c - second positive port;

[0048] 13d - second negative port;

[0049] 14-Circular etched area.

[0050] The above drawings have shown clear embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail later. These drawings and text descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0052] With the continuous advancement of science and technology, people are conducting more and more in-depth research on wireless communication systems. So far, the development of the fourth-generation (4G) communication technology has become mature. However, the rapid development of global Internet technology requires a variety of new mobile devices, and the fourth-generation communication technology has gradually failed to meet the growing communication needs. With the advent of the fifth-generation (5G) communication technology, the new technology will bring better network coverage and support higher-speed communication. Correspondingly, 5G also puts forward higher transmission rate and reliability requirements for microwave bearer.

[0053] Therefore, in the 5G communication era, the demand for high-performance antennas has become more urgent. How to design high-performance new base station antennas in 5G-related working frequency bands has important application value for the development of my country's wireless communication technology industry. In this regard, dual-frequency dual-polarization antennas play an important role in 5G wireless communication systems. Each of its frequency bands has dual-polarization characteristics, which not only further expands the channel capacity, but also helps to overcome the signal fading caused by multipath effects. In addition, the dual-polarization design can also avoid the polarization mismatch problem encountered by terminal equipment during reception and transmission. Therefore, dual-frequency dual-polarization base station antennas can better adapt to the application environment of 5G communication base stations and improve the working performance and efficiency of 5G communication base stations.

[0054] However, the current dual-band dual-polarization antenna is still constrained by problems such as large size, high profile, and narrow bandwidth. Therefore, the development of miniaturized, low-profile, high-gain, and high-isolation dual-band dual-polarization is of great significance to 5G base station communication systems.

[0055] In response to the above technical problems, the present application proposes a dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common-aperture structural feature. By adopting a planar dipole, a patch resonator and a slotted metal patch with a planar structure, the antenna meets the common-aperture structural characteristics and has the advantages of small size, low profile, high gain and high isolation. It takes into account the antenna size and performance well and is very suitable for 5G base station communication systems.

[0056] The following is a detailed description of the technical solution of the dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure provided by the present application through a specific embodiment. It should be noted that the following embodiments can exist alone or in combination with each other, and the same or similar content may not be repeated in different embodiments.

[0057] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure provided in an embodiment of the present application, see Figure 1 In some embodiments, the dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure feature includes a first dielectric substrate 1, a slotted metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 6, a third dielectric substrate 7 and a metal ground 9 stacked in sequence from top to bottom; two pairs of planar dipoles are arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and a patch resonator is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 1; two orthogonally connected step gaps 5 are arranged on the slotted metal patch 4, and a first metal patch 12 is arranged at the end of the step gap 5, and the first metal patch 12 is short-circuited with the metal ground 9 through a metallized through hole 11 passing through the second dielectric substrate 6 and the third dielectric substrate 7; two orthogonally connected differential feed lines 8 are arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 7, one differential feed line 8 is electrically connected to a first differential port arranged on the metal ground 9 through a feed conductor 10, and the other differential feed line 8 is electrically connected to a second differential port arranged on the metal ground 9 through the feed conductor 10.

[0058] Among them, the dielectric substrate refers to the dielectric layer in the antenna structure used to provide mechanical support and adjust the electromagnetic characteristics, and affects its electromagnetic characteristics, such as resonant frequency and bandwidth. It usually uses low-loss materials such as FR4, Rogers, etc.

[0059] The slotted metal patch 4 is a structure formed by slotting a metal patch. In the embodiment of the present application, the electric field distribution and current path of the patch can be changed by slotting, thereby introducing additional resonance modes, which help the antenna to work in two different frequency bands. The first metal patch 12 disposed at the end of the stepped gap 5 can increase the line of sight gain in the high frequency band and improve the impedance matching in the high frequency band.

[0060] Specifically, the stepped gap 5 on the slotted metal patch 4 includes a rectangular gap of a strip gap, wherein the strip gaps are orthogonally connected, and the rectangular gap is located at the end of the strip gap and connected to the strip gap, and the rectangular gap is used to place the first metal patch 12.

[0061] Among them, the planar dipole is composed of a pair of equal and opposite charge or current elements, which are arranged along the same axis but in opposite directions. In antenna design, the dipole is usually used to transmit and receive linear polarized signals. In the embodiment of the present application, the planar dipole is usually used to realize the reception and transmission of signals in both horizontal and vertical polarization directions, thereby improving the communication capacity and anti-interference ability of the antenna.

[0062] Among them, the patch resonator is a component with a specific resonant frequency, which is usually made on a dielectric substrate. In the embodiment of the present application, the patch resonator is used to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna to match the frequency of the transmitter, thereby realizing signal transmission. In addition, it can also improve the efficiency of the antenna.

[0063] Among them, the metallized through hole 11 is a hole that connects the connection point of the antenna with the metal layer of the circuit board, and is filled with metal material to form a conductive channel for transmitting circuit signals, ensuring electromagnetic compatibility, etc. In the embodiment of the present application, the metallized through hole 11 is used to short-circuit the first metal patch 12 and the metal ground 9, and ensure that the connection between the first metal patch 12 and the metal ground 9 is reliable and stable, and improve the electromagnetic compatibility of the antenna.

[0064] Among them, the differential feeder 8 is a feeder for transmitting differential signals. The differential signal consists of two independent but related signal lines, one for the forward signal and the other for the reverse signal. In the embodiment of the present application, the differential feeder 8 is used to transmit signals of two different polarization directions. Through the differential feeder 8, the cross-polarization ratio of the radiation pattern can be reduced while improving the isolation between ports, thereby improving the performance of the antenna. Specifically, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a differential feeder 8 provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein: Figure 5 In the figure, W3 represents the width of the differential feed line 8, L3 represents the length of the differential feed line 8, and L represents the side length of the third dielectric substrate 7.

[0065] The differential port is a port for receiving and sending differential signals. The differential port is used to connect the differential feeder 8 to ensure the transmission quality and stability of the differential signal. In the embodiment of the present application, the differential port is used to realize the reception and transmission of signals in two different polarization directions.

[0066] The metal ground 9 is a metal part in the antenna structure used to provide grounding and shielding. In the embodiment of the present application, the metal ground 9 can prevent electromagnetic interference between the antenna and other electronic devices, improve the stability and reliability of the antenna, and at the same time, it can also provide a necessary grounding path for the antenna.

[0067] In the embodiment of the present application, the overall structure of the antenna consists of two parts, namely, a radiation structure part and a differential feeding part. The radiation structure part includes a first dielectric substrate 1, a planar dipole, a patch resonator, a slotted metal patch 4, a stepped gap 5, a second dielectric substrate 6, a metallized through hole 11, and a first metal patch 12; the differential feeding part includes a third dielectric substrate 7, a differential feed line 8, a metal ground 9, and a feeding conductor 10.

[0068] Taking one of the polarization channels as an example, a differential signal is provided to one of the differential ports, and polarization in the X direction is realized through the feeding conductor 10 and the cross-shaped differential feed line 8 orthogonally connected to the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 7. The slotted metal patch 4 having orthogonally connected cross-shaped stepped gaps 5 on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 6 is excited by the differential feed line 8 to form radiation, and the planar dipole on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 and the patch resonator on the lower surface thereof are coupled and excited by the slotted metal patch 4 below to form radiation.

[0069] Among them, the feeding part of the antenna adopts differential feeding to achieve high isolation and low cross polarization. And the slotted metal patch 4 with orthogonally connected cross-shaped stepped gaps 5 in the radiation structure part of the antenna not only couples and excites the parasitic plane dipole and parasitic patch resonator above, but also provides a resonance mode in the upper and lower frequency bands. The parasitic patch resonator is coupled and excited by the slotted metal patch 4 below, providing another resonance mode in the low frequency band, further expanding the impedance bandwidth of the low frequency band. The top plane dipole is directly above the slotted metal patch 4, and can be coupled and excited to the greatest extent, providing another resonance mode in the high frequency band, expanding the impedance bandwidth of the high frequency band. In addition, the metallized through hole 11 and the first metal patch 12 not only improve the visual axis gain of the high frequency band, but also improve the impedance matching of the high frequency band.

[0070] At the same time, under the premise that the dual-band dual-polarized antenna meets high performance, in order to reduce the size of the antenna as much as possible, the radiation structure part and the differential feeding part of the antenna are also designed as a planar stacking structure in the embodiment of the present application to reduce the volume and profile height of the entire antenna as much as possible, and through reasonable layout in space, the limited system space is fully utilized to reduce the electromagnetic coupling effect between different working frequency bands, so that the antenna has a higher gain performance in dual-band dual-polarized applications. Under the premise of controlling the size and weight of the antenna as much as possible, the space occupied by the antenna is greatly saved, and the requirements of modern communication technology for high space utilization and high spectrum utilization of the antenna are met, so that the dual-band dual-polarized base station antenna has high bandwidth, high gain, high isolation, and the advantages of small size and low profile. In addition, the dual-band dual-polarized base station antenna with a common aperture structure is relatively simple in structure on the basis of miniaturization and low profile, and is very easy to process and produce.

[0071] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency band dual-polarization common aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 In some embodiments, the planar dipole includes two second metal patches 2 spaced apart along the same axis, and the second metal patches 2 of the two pairs of planar dipoles are centrally symmetrically arranged.

[0072] Among them, the second metal patch 2 arranged symmetrically in the center can arrange the two pairs of planar dipoles in a vertical manner. When the two pairs of planar dipoles are fed separately, the antenna can achieve effective radiation and reception in two orthogonal polarization directions, which helps to improve the communication capacity and anti-interference ability of the antenna.

[0073] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency band dual-polarization common aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 In some embodiments, the second metal patch 2 is pentagonal, and the pointed end of each second metal patch 2 points to the symmetry center.

[0074] Among them, the second metal patch 2 is a pentagon, and the pointed end of each second metal patch 2 points to the symmetry center, which can conveniently adjust the arrangement spacing between the second metal patches 2 to achieve effective radiation and reception of the antenna in two different frequency bands, which helps to broaden the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0075] Specifically, by adjusting parameters such as size, shape and material of two pairs of planar full dipoles, effective radiation and reception of the antenna in two different frequency bands can also be achieved.

[0076] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency band dual-polarization common aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1In some embodiments, the patch resonator includes four third metal patches 3 that are spaced apart from each other, and the third metal patches 3 are arranged in a square ring shape.

[0077] Among them, the patch resonator formed by the square ring arrangement of the third metal patch 3 can generate resonance within a certain frequency range. When the external signal frequency matches the resonant frequency of the patch resonator, the resonator will produce a large signal reflection, thereby realizing functions such as signal filtering, amplification or oscillation. The square ring patch resonator has a high quality factor (Q value), which can achieve higher frequency stability and smaller signal loss at the resonant frequency, improve frequency stability, help optimize signal transmission efficiency, and improve the performance of the communication system.

[0078] Arranging the four third metal patches 3 of the patch resonator in a centrally symmetrical manner in a square ring shape can make the electromagnetic field distribution between the metal patches more uniform. This uniform field distribution helps to reduce the scattering and reflection of electromagnetic waves and improve the radiation efficiency and receiving sensitivity of the antenna.

[0079] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency band dual-polarization common aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 In some embodiments, the third metal patch 3 is trapezoidal.

[0080] The third metal patch 3 with a trapezoidal structure can facilitate the adjustment of the size of the square ring, which helps to broaden the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0081] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the dimensions of a frequency band dual-polarization common aperture base station antenna upper structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 In some embodiments, each third metal patch 3 is equidistant from the symmetric center of the second metal patch 2 .

[0082] Among them, by ensuring that the third metal patch 3 is at an equal distance from the symmetric center of the second metal patch 2, the symmetry of the entire superstructure can be enhanced, which helps to reduce unnecessary electromagnetic interference and radiation loss, thereby improving the performance of the patch resonator. At the same time, the equidistantly arranged metal patches can make the electromagnetic field more evenly distributed inside and around the resonator, which helps to achieve more efficient energy transmission and more stable resonance characteristics.

[0083] Specifically, Figure 3 In the figure, W represents the side length of the square ring patch resonator, L4 represents the side length of the upper bottom of the trapezoidal third metal patch 3, W4 represents the height of the trapezoidal third metal patch 3, and L5 represents the length of the second metal patch 2.

[0084] Figure 2This is a front view of a frequency band dual-polarization common aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 In some embodiments, the planar areas of the slotted metal patch 4 and the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 6 are equal.

[0085] Among them, when the plane areas of the first dielectric substrate 1, the second dielectric substrate 6 and the slotted metal patch 4 are equal, the input impedance of the antenna can be better controlled to match the impedance of the transmission line or the feed network, which helps to reduce signal reflection and loss and improve the radiation efficiency and gain of the antenna. The slotted metal patch 4 is a radiation unit of the antenna, and its area directly affects the radiation performance of the antenna. Setting the areas of the first dielectric substrate 1, the second dielectric substrate 6 and the slotted metal patch 4 to be equal can optimize the radiation efficiency of the slotted metal patch 4, so that the antenna can maintain good radiation characteristics in both frequency bands, and also helps to achieve a more uniform radiation distribution and higher polarization purity.

[0086] Figure 2 The main view of a frequency band dual-polarization common aperture base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 .See Figure 2 In some embodiments, there is a preset gap between the slotted metal patch 4 and the first dielectric substrate 1 .

[0087] The air medium can be retained by slotting the gap between the metal patch 4 and the first dielectric substrate 1 to ensure the main mode frequency.

[0088] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a frequency band dual-polarization common aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 . See Figure 1 In some embodiments, the first differential port includes a first positive port 13a and a first negative port 13b for providing a first differential signal, and the second differential port includes a second positive port 13c and a second negative port 13d for providing a second differential signal.

[0089] Among them, the positive port of the differential port is usually marked as "+" or "A", which is a signal line in the differential signal pair. During the signal transmission process, the positive port is responsible for transmitting a signal component that is complementary to the signal component transmitted by the negative port. When the voltage of the positive port is higher than that of the negative port, it usually indicates a logical "1" or a certain signal state.

[0090] The negative port of a differential port is usually marked as "-" or "B". It is another signal line corresponding to the positive port. The negative port is also responsible for transmitting a signal component, but the phase is opposite to the signal component transmitted by the positive port. When the voltage of the negative port is higher than that of the positive port, it usually represents a logical "0" or another specific signal state.

[0091] Differential signal transmission technology achieves stable signal transmission by transmitting two complementary signal components (positive signal and negative signal) at the same time. These two signal components have a specific relationship in voltage and current, and the original signal is restored by comparing their differences. Since the common-mode interference of the two signals during transmission is the same, the differential receiver can offset this interference through differential operation, thereby improving the signal's anti-interference ability.

[0092] Specifically, a differential signal refers to a pair of mutually opposite but related electrical signals, one of which is called a forward signal and the other is called a reverse signal. The forward signal and the reverse signal have equal amplitude (i.e., equal amplitude) and a phase difference of 180° (i.e., opposite direction). Since the differential signal consists of two opposite signals, it can offset external electromagnetic interference (EMI) during transmission, thereby improving the reliability and anti-interference ability of the signal. By calculating the difference between the two signals, the differential signal can effectively suppress common-mode interference, that is, the same interference signal that appears on two signal lines at the same time. The differential signal can maintain the integrity and accuracy of the signal during transmission and reduce signal distortion and attenuation.

[0093] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slotted metal patch 4 provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 In some embodiments, a circular etched area 14 for connecting to the metallized through hole 11 is disposed on the lower surface of the first metal patch 12 , and the diameter of the circular etched area 14 is greater than the diameter of the metallized through hole 11 .

[0094] Among them, the etching area can remove impurities such as oxide layer and dirt on the surface of the metal patch, and improve the adhesion and connection reliability between the metal patch and the metallized through hole 11. The clean and flat metal surface formed by etching is conducive to reducing the contact resistance, thereby improving the overall performance of the circuit. The enlarged etching area can make the contact area between the metal patch and the metallized through hole 11 more uniform, thereby optimizing the distribution of current, avoiding damage caused by local overheating or current concentration, and improving the coupling efficiency between the first metal patch 12 and the metallized through hole 11.

[0095] Specifically, Figure 4 In the figure, W represents the width of the slotted metal patch 4, W1 represents the width of the step gap 5, W2 represents the width of the end of the step gap 5, L2 represents the length of the end of the step gap 5, W6 represents the width of the first metal patch 12, and L6 represents the length of the first metal patch 12.

[0096] Figure 6 This is an S parameter simulation diagram of a frequency band dual-polarization common aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7This is a gain curve simulation diagram of a frequency band dual-polarization common aperture base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 and Figure 7 It can be observed that the differential reflection coefficient diagrams of the two ports of the dual-band dual-polarized antenna are completely overlapped, the center frequencies of the upper and lower working bands are 3.5GHz and 4.78GHz respectively, the -10dB bandwidths are 8.8% and 7.3% respectively (3.35-3.66GHz, 4.6-4.95GHz), the isolation of the two ports in the lower band is lower than -30dB, and the isolation of the two ports in the upper band is lower than -45dB. The maximum gain in the working band is 9.31dBi and 8.05dBi.

[0097] Figure 8 A radiation direction simulation diagram of a frequency band dual-polarization common aperture base station antenna in the 3.5 GHz frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present application, Fig. 9 A radiation direction simulation diagram of a frequency band dual-polarization common-aperture base station antenna in the 4.8 GHz frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 They are the radiation patterns of the upper and lower frequency bands of one of the polarization channels of the antenna, respectively. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 It can be seen that the maximum radiation direction of the antenna in the upper and lower frequency bands is consistent, and the cross-polarization level of the antenna in the upper frequency band is lower than -50dB, and the cross-polarization level in the lower frequency band is lower than -40dB.

[0098] In summary, the dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a co-aperture structural feature proposed in the embodiments of the present application, which is composed of a metal patch with orthogonal step gaps 5, a pentagonal plane dipole and a trapezoidal patch resonator, can achieve high gain and low cross-polarization in both frequency bands, is suitable for 5G applications, and has the advantages of low profile, miniaturization, and high gain.

[0099] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0100] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0101] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0102] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being “above”, “above”, and “above” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being “below”, “below”, and “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0103] In the description of this specification, the description of reference terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction. In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For the parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments. The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0104] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. The present application is intended to cover any modification, use or adaptation of the present application, which follows the general principles of the present application and includes common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed in the present application. The specification and examples are intended to be exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are indicated by the appended claims.

[0105] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure, characterized in that: It includes a first dielectric substrate, a slotted metal patch, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate and a metal ground which are stacked in sequence from top to bottom; Two pairs of planar dipoles are arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and a patch resonator is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate; The slotted metal patch is provided with two orthogonally connected stepped gaps, and a first metal patch is provided at the end of the stepped gap, and the first metal patch is short-circuited with the metal ground through a metallized through hole passing through the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate; Two orthogonally connected differential feed lines are arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, one of the differential feed lines is electrically connected to a first differential port arranged on the metal ground through a feed conductor, and the other differential feed line is electrically connected to a second differential port arranged on the metal ground through a feed conductor.

2. The dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planar dipole comprises two second metal patches which are spaced apart and distributed along the same axis, and the second metal patches of the two pairs of planar dipoles are centrally symmetrically arranged.

3. The dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second metal patch is pentagonal, and the pointed end of each second metal patch points to the symmetry center.

4. The dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The patch resonator comprises four third metal patches which are distributed at intervals, and the third metal patches are arranged in a square ring shape.

5. The dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third metal patch is trapezoidal.

6. The dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the third metal patches is equidistant from the symmetric center of the second metal patch.

7. The dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The slotted metal patch has the same plane area as the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate.

8. The dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A preset gap is provided between the slotted metal patch and the first dielectric substrate.

9. The dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The first differential port includes a first positive port and a first negative port for providing a first differential signal, and the second differential port includes a second positive port and a second negative port for providing a second differential signal.

10. The dual-band dual-polarization base station antenna with a common aperture structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A circular etched area for connecting with the metallized through hole is disposed on the lower surface of the first metal patch, and the diameter of the circular etched area is greater than the diameter of the metallized through hole.

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