Composition for fiberboards with enhanced properties after rapid curing at low temperatures

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition (the composition of the invention) comprising a component A consisting of a polylysine component, an XL component and a fibrous component consisting of at least one fibrous element comprising plant fibers, and wherein the fibrous element is free of any fibers other than plant fibers, and wherein the component A comprises a polylysine component, an XL component, and a fibrous component consisting of at least one fibrous element comprising plant fibers. And wherein the composition is free of any fibers other than the plant fibers of the fiber component. The invention further relates to a method for obtaining an object from the composition according to the invention. The invention further relates to objects (objects of the invention) obtained by said method, such as sheets, strips, bars, strips, films, cloths, containers, panels, panels, beams, frames, slats, engineered wood, such as fiberboards. The invention further relates to an article (article of the invention) comprising a) a component that is solid at 23 DEG C and 1 atm; and one or both of b) and c) wherein b) is the composition of the invention and c) is the object of the invention. The invention further relates to various uses of any one or any combination of the composition of the invention, the object of the invention and the article of the invention.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of compositions comprising plant fibers, hyperbranched polylysine and components having a group of the formula

[0002]

[0003] wherein X (in each of the above formulae) is O or NH, and R is C1 to C 10 The composition is particularly suitable for preparing objects such as engineered wood, for example fiberboard.

[0004] background

[0005] In the context of the present invention and in the literature, polylysine refers to several types of lysine homopolymers, which may differ from each other in stereochemistry and attachment positions. Lysine as a precursor amino acid (in either of its two enantiomeric forms, i.e., D- and L-lysine; "L" and "D" refer to the chirality at the central carbon atom of lysine) contains two amino groups; one at the α-carbon and one at the ε-carbon. Either of these two amino groups can be the polymerization site, thereby producing α-polylysine or ε-polylysine.

[0006] Fibers (or fibers; these terms are used interchangeably in the context of the present invention) constitute a class of materials that are either continuous filaments or discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread. Human uses of fibers are varied. They can be spun into filaments, strings or ropes, used as reinforcing agents in composite materials made into sheets to make products such as paper or felt. Fibers are often used to make other materials. Fibers can be recycled. In the context of the present invention, the term "fiber" also includes recycled fibers.

[0007] Based on their sources, fibers are classified into two major categories, namely, natural fibers and synthetic fibers. Synthetic fibers are also called man-made or artificial or manufactured fibers.

[0008] Natural fibers are further divided into: i) mineral fibers (e.g. asbestos, wollastonite, attapulgite, halloysite), ii) animal fibers (e.g. silk, wool, sinew, cashmere, mohair, angora, animal hair), and iii) plant fibers based on an arrangement of cellulose (also called "natural cellulose fibers"), or an arrangement of cellulose with lignin (also called "natural lignocellulosic fibers"), and derived from a source of natural cellulose or natural cellulose with lignin, such as derived from plants, which are living organisms of a type that absorb water and inorganic substances through their roots and synthesize nutrients in their leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll, exemplified by trees, bamboo, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns and mosses. Examples of plant fibers include, but are not limited to, wood fibers, reed fibers, bamboo fibers, seaweed, jute fibers, flax fibers, hemp fibers, ramie fibers, abaca fibers, sisal fibers, kapok fibers, cotton, banana fibers, coconut fibers, rye fibers, wheat fibers, rice fibers, kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus) fibers, straw fibers, grass fibers, leaf fibers, and mixtures thereof.

[0009] Synthetic fibers (also called man-made or artificial or manufactured fibers) can be further divided into: i) cellulose fibers regenerated from natural resources, also called cellulose regenerated fibers (e.g. rayon, modal, lyocell, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate), ii) inorganic fibers and iii) polymer fibers.

[0010] Cellulose fibers are a subset of fibers. Cellulose fibers are fibers of cellulose from any source, whether natural or manufactured (the latter also referred to as synthetic cellulose fibers). Thus, cellulose fibers can be natural (e.g., from natural cellulose sources, such as cellulose fibers from trees (including bamboo), seaweed) or synthetic (e.g., cellulose fibers regenerated from natural cellulose, such as rayon, modal, lyocell, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate). Synthetic cellulose fibers are also referred to in the art as man-made cellulose fibers or regenerated cellulose fibers or manufactured cellulose fibers or artificial cellulose fibers.

[0011] In the context of the present invention, the terms "synthetic cellulose fibers", "man-made cellulose fibers" or "man-made cellulose fibers" or "regenerated cellulose fibers" are used interchangeably and these terms are used to distinguish synthetic cellulose fibers from natural cellulose fibers and natural lignocellulosic fibers, the latter two being plant fibers.

[0012] One of the most important types of fibers is wood (including recycled wood) fiber. There are two main types of wood: a) softwood and b) hardwood. Softwood comes from coniferous trees (cone bearing trees). Exemplary softwoods include, but are not limited to, pine, redwood, and fir. Softwood can be used for furniture and doors, but is mainly used in the construction of roof trusses and stud partitions. Hardwood comes from deciduous trees (leaved trees). These trees may have flowers and may produce seeds, such as nuts and fruits. Exemplary hardwoods include, but are not limited to, oak, beech, and mahogany. Hardwoods are denser than softwoods and are also stronger and more durable. They are used for furniture and are generally more expensive than softwoods. Wood can be recycled. In the context of the present invention, the term "wood" also includes recycled wood.

[0013] In the wood production process, wood (softwood, hardwood) is used to make timber (also called lumber); timber is actually the wood made into beams and planks. In the context of the present invention, the term "solid wood" is used to distinguish between timber and engineered wood.

[0014] Engineered wood (also known as massimber, composite wood, manufactured wood or manufactured panels) includes a range of derivative wood products made by bonding or fixing together various wood elements (e.g., fibers, filaments, yarns, strips, tows, threads, staple yarns, particles, chips (e.g., wood chips, sawdust), shavings (e.g., sawmill shavings), flakes, sheets, pulp (e.g., wood pulp), and mixtures thereof) via various fixing methods to effectively form a composite material. Exemplary types of engineered wood include, but are not limited to, plywood, densified wood (including chemically densified wood), fiberboard [which term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particleboard or chipboard), medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, flakeboard)], oriented strand board (OSB), laminated timber (glulam; glued laminated timber), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), cross-laminated timber (CLT), parallel strand lumber (PSL), laminated strand lumber (LSL), finger joints, beams (including I-joints and I-beams), trusses (including roof and floor trusses), and transparent wood composites. Engineered wood products are engineered to precise design specifications, tested to meet national or international standards and provide consistency and predictability in their structural performance. Engineered wood products are used in a variety of applications, from home construction to commercial buildings to industrial products.

[0015] Fiberboard constitutes a subset of engineered wood. Types of fiberboard include (in order of increasing density) low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or chipboard), medium-density fiberboard (MDF), high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, particle board). In the context of the present invention, a fiberboard with a density of up to 500 kg / m 3 (Preferably at least 100 and at most 500 kg / m 3 ) is considered as LDF. In the context of the present invention, a fiberboard with a density higher than 500 kg / m 3 And up to 1000kg / m 3 (Preferably at least 550 and at most 800 kg / m 3 ) is considered as MDF. In the context of the present invention, a density above 1000 kg / m 3 (Preferably higher than 1000 and up to 1500 kg / m3 , more preferably higher than 1000 and at most 1100 kg / m 3 ) is considered HDF. In principle, fiberboard can be formed using a wet forming or dry forming process. In the wet forming process, water is used to distribute the fibers into a mat and then pressed into a board. In the dry process, the fibers from the refiner pass through a dryer and a blowline, where an adhesive is applied, and then formed into a web, which is pressed into a board. Typical fiberboard manufacturing (on an industrial scale) starts with wood cutting: fresh or recycled wood material is cut and sorted into small pieces of similar size. The chips are washed to remove things like dust and sand. Metal waste such as nails can be removed with a magnet placed above a conveyor belt for conveying the chips forward. In the case of MDF, for example, the chips are then steamed to soften them to separate the fibers. A small amount of paraffin is added to the steamed chips and they are converted into fluffy fibers in a fiber separator and sprayed with urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) or phenolic resin (PF) shortly thereafter. Wax prevents the fibers from agglomerating during storage. In the case of particleboard, the chips can also be sprayed with additional resin before the next step. The fibers or chips are arranged on a conveyor belt into a uniform "mat". This mat is pre-compressed and then hot pressed (heat and pressure are applied simultaneously). The hot press binds the fibers or chips together. The board is then cooled, trimmed, sanded and can be veneered or laminated. In the MDF industry mainly UF resins are used.

[0016] In recent years, there has been an increasing need for compositions that can be cured quickly (i.e. with a pressing time factor equal to 9 sec / mm) at low temperatures (i.e. 160° C.) for the preparation of fiberboards (this term includes low-density fiberboards (LDF; also known as particleboards or chipboards), medium-density fiberboards (MDF) and high-density fiberboards (HDF; also known as waffle board, chipboard)) having:

[0017] - Internal bonding strength of at least 0.4MPa,

[0018] - A modulus of rupture (R) of at least 10 MPa b ),and

[0019] - an apparent elastic modulus (E) of at least 1700 MPa.

[0020] Modulus of rupture (R b ) and apparent elastic modulus (E) both constitute the bending properties of an object, such as fiberboard. The internal bond strength and bending properties of fiberboards are crucial to their consumer acceptance and their commercial success. bEach of A and E, fiberboards that do not meet at least one of the above thresholds cannot show a level acceptable to end consumers. Therefore, fiberboards with enhanced internal bonding strength and bending properties are ideal. Enhanced bending properties make it possible to have greater tolerance to the mechanical and / or physical stresses that fiberboards undergo during their service life (including but not limited to their preparation, packaging, unpacking, transportation, storage and use). Fiberboards with poor bending properties are usually fragile and have little or no tolerance to mechanical and / or physical stresses. Therefore, poor bending properties severely limit their application and use (if any) and / or their lifespan (once used), and are therefore usually rejected by consumers. In addition, enhanced internal bonding strength is also ideal because it ensures acceptable physical integrity and makes it possible to have greater tolerance to the mechanical and / or physical stresses that fiberboards undergo during their service life. It is also very ideal that the composition suitable for preparing fiberboards is quickly cured at low temperatures because it improves production efficiency, increases throughput and reduces the energy required to cure the composition.

[0021] WO 2022 / 096518 A1 discloses a composition comprising a polylysine component and a fiber component. WO 2022 / 096518 A1 aims to provide an object with enhanced bending properties, such as a fiberboard; the fiberboard of WO 2022 / 096518 A1 is obtained after curing its composition at an elevated temperature of 210°C and at a pressing time factor of 30 sec / mm. WO 2022 / 096518 A1 at least does not disclose a composition comprising an XL component as specified in the present specification.

[0022] WO 2022 / 136612 A1 provides an adhesive composition, the adhesive composition comprising component A comprising (one or more) polymers A1 and optionally component B comprising component B1, wherein component B1 is selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, hydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde and mixtures thereof, wherein (one or more) polymers A1 comprises at least 70% by weight of polyamino acids based on the total weight of (one or more) polymers A1, and the total weight average molecular weight Mw thereof is 800 g / mol to 10000 g / mol, wherein the adhesive composition comprises 60 to 100% by weight of (one or more) polymers A1 and 0 to 40% by weight of component B1, based on the total weight of the sum of (one or more) polymers A1 and component B1, wherein the weight amounts of (one or more) polymers A1 and component B1 are selected such that the total weight of the sum of (one or more) polymers A1 and component B1 is 100% by weight. WO 2022 / 136612 A1 at least does not disclose a composition comprising a polylysine component and an XL component as they are each specified in the present specification.

[0023] CN 109056327 relates to a method for improving the antimicrobial durability of a fabric tape for clothing, wherein a cotton fabric tape is stirred in an antimicrobial treatment solution comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-26 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 4-8 parts of 4-(N-maleimido)benzophenone, 6-10 parts of methacrylate, 2-3 parts of dilauryl 4-thiopimelate, 1-5 parts of ε-polylysine hydrochloride, 2-6 parts of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, 1-3 parts of dodecyl glucopyranoside and 600 parts of water. CN 109056327 at least does not disclose a composition comprising a polylysine component and an XL component as they are each specified in the present specification, and the weight ratio K disclosed is at least 4.5.

[0024] WO 2022 / 096518 A1, WO 2022 / 136612 A1, CN 109056327, US 2012 / 202041 A1, WO 2022 / 096518 A1, WO 2020 / 230034 A1, WO 2008 / 057390 A2, WO 2008 / 068180 A1, WO 2016 / 009054 A1, WO 2016 / 009062 A1, WO 2022 / 096518, KR 102187998 B1, CN 110903786A, WO 2010 / 031718 A1, WO 2008 / 046892 A2, WO 2009 / 037240 A1, US 8846842B2, US2007 / 277928A1, US 8790632B2, WO 2022136611A1, WO 2022136613 A1, WO 2022136614 A1, US2012 / 202041 A1, JP H 10279794A, EP 2614117 B1, US2017 / 198142 A1 do not disclose a composition as disclosed in the present specification, and none of them is directed to providing a composition capable of rapid curing (i.e., a pressing time factor equal to 9 sec / mm) at low temperatures (i.e., 160° C.) to prepare a fiberboard [this term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particleboard or chipboard), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, particleboard)], the fiberboard having:

[0025] - Internal bonding strength of at least 0.4MPa,

[0026] - A modulus of rupture (R) of at least 10 MPa b ),and

[0027] - an apparent elastic modulus (E) of at least 1700 MPa.

[0028] Not to mention providing a solution to this problem.

[0029] Therefore, unless the technical solution will enable rapid preparation of fiberboard at low temperatures and at the same time ensure enhanced internal bond strength, R b and E, fiberboards are limited in their various (otherwise potential) industrial uses.

[0030] Such desired technical solutions still represent an unmet need as solutions to such problems are particularly challenging and complex.

[0031] The discussion of documents, procedures, materials, devices, articles of manufacture etc. is included in this specification solely for the purpose of providing a background to the present invention. It is not suggested or represented that any or all of these matters formed part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0033] The present invention relates to a composition comprising ingredient A (composition of the present invention), said ingredient A consisting of a polylysine component, an XL component and a fiber component, said fiber component consisting of at least one fiber element, said fiber element comprising plant fibers, and wherein said fiber element does not contain any fibers other than plant fibers, and wherein said composition does not contain any fibers other than plant fibers of said fiber component. The present invention further relates to a method for obtaining an object from the composition of the present invention. The present invention further relates to an object (object of the present invention) obtained by said method, such as a sheet, a strip, a rod, a strip, a film, a cloth, a container, a board, a panel, a beam, a frame, a lath, an engineered wood, such as a fiberboard. The present invention further relates to an article (article of the present invention), which comprises a) a part that is solid at 23° C. and 1 atm, and one or both of b) and c), wherein b) is a composition of the present invention and c) is an object of the present invention. The present invention further relates to various uses of any one or any combination of the composition of the present invention, the object of the present invention and the article of the present invention.

[0034] The object of the present invention is to provide a composition capable of fast curing (i.e. a pressing time factor equal to 9 sec / mm) at low temperatures (i.e. 160° C.) for the preparation of fiberboards [this term includes low-density fiberboards (LDF; also known as particleboards or chipboards), medium-density fiberboards (MDF) and high-density fiberboards (HDF; also known as waffle board, chipboard)] having:

[0035] - Internal bonding strength of at least 0.4MPa,

[0036] - A modulus of rupture (R) of at least 10 MPa b ),and

[0037] - an apparent elastic modulus (E) of at least 1700 MPa.

[0038] This object is surprisingly achieved by the composition as stated in the claims and disclosed in the description.

[0039] More particularly, it has surprisingly been found that when the composition of the present invention is rapidly cured at 160°C to produce a fiberboard, the resulting fiberboard has:

[0040] - Internal bonding strength of at least 0.4MPa,

[0041] - A modulus of rupture (R) of at least 10 MPa b ),and

[0042] - an apparent elastic modulus (E) of at least 1700 MPa.

[0043] The compositions of the present invention constitute a significant technological advance for many industries because fiberboards prepared by rapidly curing the compositions of the present invention at low temperatures have:

[0044] - Internal bonding strength of at least 0.4MPa,

[0045] - A modulus of rupture (R) of at least 10 MPa b ),and

[0046] - an apparent elastic modulus (E) of at least 1700 MPa.

[0047] However, the compositions of the prior art cause delamination when rapidly cured at low temperatures or fail to meet the requirements for internal bonding strength, R b and the requirements of E.

[0048] The invention is set forth in the claims. Many other variations, combinations and embodiments within the scope of the claims will be apparent to those skilled in the art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] The description contains two drawings.

[0051] The drawings are provided for illustration only and are not intended to define the limits of the present disclosure.

[0052] In order to help those skilled in the art to practice the disclosed invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings:

[0053] Figure 1 is a graphic representation of hyperbranched polylysine with a DB of 0.4 and a theoretical (calculated) molecular weight of 3350.6 Da.

[0054] Figure 2 is a diagram of a primary ammonium salt of hyperbranched polylysine, wherein some primary ammonium cations (-NH3 + ) the anion is chloride, and wherein Figure 2 The primary ammonium salt of hyperbranched polylysine has a DB of 0.4 and a theoretical (calculated) molecular weight of 3569.3 Da.

[0055] Detailed disclosure of the invention

[0056] This specification provides definitions of certain technical terms used in the specification and / or claims. Any other technical terms used in the specification and / or claims that are not defined in the specification have the meanings assigned to them by ordinary technicians in the field.

[0057] The term "lysine" refers to an α-amino acid having the following formula:

[0058]

[0059] Any reference to "lysine" in this specification refers to and encompasses the two enantiomeric forms of lysine, D- and L-lysine; "L" and "D" refer to the chirality at the lysine carbon atom directly attached to the carbon atom of the carboxyl group.

[0060] The branching degree (DB) of polylysine is determined by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy was measured and calculated according to Equation 1:

[0061]

[0062] in

[0063] D is equal to or higher than 0, L is equal to or higher than 0, and at least one of D and L is higher than 0; and

[0064] in

[0065] D is a methine proton (shorthand for the proton of a tertiary carbon, shown in bold in formulas D1a and D1b) corresponding to any number of the following groups shown in formulas D1a and D1b that may be present in polylysine: 1 Integration of the H-NMR peak (if no such methine protons are present in polylysine, D is equal to zero):

[0066]

[0067] L is for L α and L ε The sum of

[0068] L αis a methine proton (shorthand for the proton of a tertiary carbon, shown in bold in formulas L1a and L1b) corresponding to any number of any of the following groups shown in formulas L1a and L1b that may be present in polylysine: 1 The integration of the H-NMR peak (if there is no such methine proton in polylysine, then L α is equal to zero):

[0069]

[0070] and

[0071] L ε is a methine proton (shorthand for the proton of the tertiary carbon shown in bold in formulas L2a and L2b) corresponding to any number of the following groups shown in formulas L2a and L2b that may be present in polylysine: 1 The integration of the H-NMR peak (if there is no such methine proton in polylysine, then L ε is equal to zero):

[0072]

[0073] DB is from 0 (inclusive) to 1 (inclusive) (or equivalently, DB is at least 0 and at most 1).

[0074] "Polylysine" in the specification refers to a polymer consisting of (reacted) lysine molecules connected by peptide bonds. Polylysine can be linear, branched or dendritic. Obviously, the degree of branching (DB) of polylysine is 0 (including 0) to 1 (including 1) (or equivalently, the DB of polylysine is at least 0 and at most 1). Examples of polylysine include α-polylysine, ε-polylysine, hyperbranched polylysine, dendritic polylysine.

[0075] "Primary ammonium salt of polylysine" in the specification refers to a polylysine salt having at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3 + ) of polylysine (as defined in the specification), the cation being counterbalanced by an anion, and wherein the primary ammonium cation is a cationized form of the amino group of the polylysine.

[0076] "α-polylysine" in the specification refers to a polymer having the following formula A:

[0077]

[0078] wherein n is an integer equal to or higher than 2, and the degree of branching (DB) is equal to 0.

[0079] "Primary ammonium salt of α-polylysine" in the specification refers to a salt containing at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3+ ) of α-polylysine (as defined in the specification), the cation being counterbalanced by an anion, and wherein the primary ammonium cation is a cationized form of an amino group of the α-polylysine, and wherein the primary ammonium salt of the α-polylysine has a degree of branching (DB) equal to 0.

[0080] "ε-polylysine" in the specification refers to a polymer having the following formula B:

[0081]

[0082] wherein k is an integer equal to or higher than 2, and the degree of branching (DB) is equal to 0.

[0083] "Primary ammonium salt of ε-polylysine" in the specification refers to a salt containing at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3 + ) of ε-polylysine (as defined in the specification), the cation being counterbalanced by an anion, and wherein the primary ammonium cation is a cationized form of an amino group of the ε-polylysine, and wherein the primary ammonium salt of the ε-polylysine has a degree of branching (DB) equal to 0.

[0084] "Hyperbranched polylysine" in the specification refers to polylysine having a degree of branching (DB) higher than 0 and at most 0.99.

[0085] "Primary ammonium salt of hyperbranched polylysine" in the specification refers to a poly(l-lysine) having at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3 + ) of a hyperbranched polylysine (as defined in the specification), the cation being counterbalanced by an anion, and wherein the primary ammonium cation is a cationized form of an amino group of the hyperbranched polylysine, and wherein the primary ammonium salt of the hyperbranched polylysine has a degree of branching (DB) higher than 0 and at most 0.99.

[0086] "Dendritic polylysine" in the specification refers to polylysine having a degree of branching (DB) higher than 0.99 and at most 1.

[0087] "Primary ammonium salt of dendritic polylysine" in the specification refers to a poly(lysine) having at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3 + ) of a dendritic polylysine (as defined in the specification), the cations being counterbalanced by anions, and wherein the primary ammonium cations are cationized forms of amino groups of the dendritic polylysine, and wherein the primary ammonium salt of the dendritic polylysine has a degree of branching (DB) higher than 0.99 and at most 1.

[0088] "Peptide" in the specification refers to a polymeric compound other than polylysine-X (and distinct from the polylysine component), wherein the polymeric compound consists of a chain of at least 2 and at most 50 amino acids connected by peptide bonds.

[0089] "Protein" in the specification refers to a polymeric compound other than polylysine-X (and distinct from the polylysine component), wherein the polymeric compound consists of at least one chain of at least 51 amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

[0090] "Acetoacetoxy" in the specification refers to an organic group having the following formula C:

[0091]

[0092] "Gel content" (relating to polylysine) in the specification refers to the portion of polylysine that is insoluble after storage of the polylysine in water at room temperature (23°C) for 24 hours. The gel content is determined as described in the Examples. Polylysine having a gel content higher than 20% (e.g. any of the polylysine-X of the polylysine component) is characterized as "cross-linked polylysine", while polylysine having a gel content of up to 20% (e.g. any of the polylysine-X of the polylysine component) is characterized as "non-cross-linked polylysine". The gel content is determined by the gel content method described in the Examples.

[0093] The term "weight per unsaturation" of the XL component (abbreviated in this specification as WPU) refers to (is defined as) the number of grams of the XL component / the number of moles of the carbon-carbon double bond moiety present in the formula associated with the XL group of the XL component. (The carbon-carbon double bond moiety present in the formula associated with the XL group of the XL component is abbreviated as CCDB-XL, or in other words, the abbreviation CCDB-XL represents the carbon-carbon double bond moiety present in the formula associated with the XL group of the XL component.). Therefore, the unit of WPU is g / mol CCDB-XL. According to the method disclosed in this specification, by 1 The WPU of the XL components was determined by H-NMR spectroscopy.

[0094] The term "flexural properties" (in relation to an object, such as a fiberboard) refers to the following material properties i) and ii): i) modulus of rupture (R b ) and ii) apparent elastic modulus (E). The flexural properties are determined by the static bending method as described in the examples.

[0095] The term "delamination" in the context of the present invention refers to a failure mode in which, after hot pressing of the respective composition, the resulting material breaks into layers or fragments.

[0096] In the context of the present invention, the Pressing Time Factor (in sec / mm) (abbreviated PTF) is the pressing time (i.e. the time from closing to opening the press) divided by the target thickness of the fiberboard; the target thickness is the fiberboard thickness at the end of the pressing step. For example, when making a 12 mm fiberboard with a Pressing Time Factor of 9 sec / mm, the pressing time is 108 seconds.

[0097] In the context of the present invention, the term "fast-curing" (or equivalently "fast-cured" or equivalently "fast-cure") refers to a pressing time factor equal to 9 sec / mm.

[0098] In the context of the present invention, the term "low temperature" refers to 160°C.

[0099] In the context of the present invention, the terms "synthetic cellulose fibers", "man-made cellulose fibers" or "man-made cellulose fibers" or "regenerated cellulose fibers" are used interchangeably and these terms are used to distinguish synthetic cellulose fibers from natural cellulose fibers and natural lignocellulosic fibers, the latter two being plant fibers.

[0100] Engineered wood (also known as massimber, composite wood, manufactured wood or manufactured boards) includes a range of derivative wood products made by bonding or fixing together various wood elements (e.g., fibers, filaments, yarns, strips, tows, threads, staple yarns, particles, chips (e.g., wood chips, sawdust), shavings (e.g., sawmill shavings), flakes, sheets, pulp (e.g., wood pulp), and mixtures thereof) via various fixing methods to effectively form a composite material. Exemplary types of engineered wood include, but are not limited to, plywood, densified wood (including chemically densified wood), fiberboard [which term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particleboard or chipboard), medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, flakeboard)], oriented strand board (OSB), laminated timber (glulam; glued laminated timber), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), cross-laminated timber (CLT), parallel strand lumber (PSL), laminated strand lumber (LSL), finger joints, beams (including I-joints and I-beams), trusses (including roof and floor trusses), and transparent wood composites.

[0101] The term "fiberboard" as used in the specification includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also called particle board or chip board), and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also called waffle board, chipboard)].

[0102] The term "wood chips" in the specification refers to chopped woody biomass in the form of fragments with a defined particle size produced by mechanical treatment with a sharp tool such as a knife (ISO 16559-2014; §4.226). The particle size distribution of wood chips is determined by a vibrating sieve method according to ISO 17827-1:2016 using a sieve with holes of 3.15 mm or more. According to this standard (ISO17827-1:2016), the median (d50) of the particle size distribution is reported and is defined as the calculated particle size of the sample where 50% of the particle mass is lower than it and 50% is higher than it. The median is graphically established by the intersection of the cumulative distribution curve with the 50% line [(X axis: particle / hole size (mm), and Y axis: cumulative weight % (%)].

[0103] "Room temperature" herein refers to 23±0.5°C.

[0104] "Atmospheric pressure" in the specification refers to a pressure of 1 atm (1 atm = 101325 Pa).

[0105] “Standard conditions” in the specification refers generally to room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

[0106] “Below” in the specification means that the relevant maximum limit value is not included in the range.

[0107] “Higher than” in the specification means that the relevant minimum boundary value is not included in the range.

[0108] "rpm" means revolutions per minute.

[0109] The decimal separator (also called the radix character) in numbers is represented by a period ('.').

[0110] "pph" in the specification means parts by weight per 100 parts by weight.

[0111] A wavy line shown in any one of the formulas shown in the specification and relating to the XL component means that the molecular structure beyond the point shown by the wavy line is not specified.

[0112] Each ingredient and each component of the compositions of the present invention is different and distinct from any other ingredient and component of the compositions of the present invention.

[0113] The sum of any amount expressed as a percentage in the specification, including the claims, cannot exceed 100% by weight of the composition (allowing for rounding errors). For example, when expressed as a weight (or other) percentage of the composition (or its equivalent), the sum of all components contained in the composition (or its portion) of the present invention may add up to 100% by weight, allowing for rounding errors. However, in the case of a non-exhaustive list of components, the sum of the percentages of each of these components may be less than 100% by weight, thereby leaving a certain percentage for the additional amount of any additional component (one or more) that may not be explicitly described herein.

[0114] All combinations of minimum and maximum values ​​of parameters disclosed in the specification can be used to define parameter ranges for various preferences or embodiments of the present invention.

[0115] For all upper and lower limits given herein for any parameter, the boundary values ​​are included in each range for each parameter.All combinations of minimum and maximum values ​​for parameters described herein can be used to define parameter ranges for various embodiments and preferences of the invention.

[0116] Unless expressly stated otherwise, any feature, element, component, embodiment, range, and in particular any preferred features, preferred elements, preferred embodiments, preferred ranges, ranges, preferences and preferred combinations of embodiments of the present invention, as disclosed throughout the specification, including in the claims, may be combined with each other.

[0117] Unless the context indicates otherwise, plural forms of terms are to be construed in the specification as including the singular form and vice versa.

[0118] Certain parts, species, groups, repeating units, compounds, oligomers, polymers, materials, mixtures, compositions and / or preparations comprising and / or used in some or all of the inventions described in the specification may exist in one or more different forms, such as any form in the following non-exhaustive list: stereoisomers [such as enantiomers (e.g., E and / or Z forms), diastereomers and / or geometric isomers); tautomers (e.g., keto and / or enol forms). The present invention comprises and / or uses all such forms that are effective as defined in the specification.

[0119] This section (Detailed Disclosure of the Invention) together with the claims provides a disclosure of the invention and explicit preferences and embodiments of the claimed invention; therefore, the disclosure presented in this section and these explicit preferences and embodiments disclosed in this section are within the scope of the claimed invention.

[0120] The present invention provides a composition as claimed in claim 1. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as "A0".

[0121] More particularly, the present invention provides a composition comprising ingredient A, wherein ingredient A consists of the following components:

[0122] - a polylysine component,

[0123] -XL component, and

[0124] - fiber components,

[0125] in

[0126] The polylysine component is selected from polylysine-X and mixtures thereof, and wherein the polylysine-X is selected from hyperbranched polylysine and primary ammonium salts of hyperbranched polylysine, preferably the polylysine-X is selected from hyperbranched polylysine, wherein each polylysine-X has a molecular weight of at least 0.30 and at most 0.60 as disclosed in the specification. 1s, and a gel content determined by the gel content method as disclosed in the description of at most 4.0, preferably at most 3.0, more preferably at most 2.0, even more preferably at most 1.0, even more preferably at most 0.5, such as at most 0.4, such as at most 0.3, such as at most 0.2, such as at most 0.1, such as at most 0.05, such as at most 0.04, such as at most 0.03, such as at most 0.02, such as at most 0.015%, for example a gel content of 0.0%,

[0127] and

[0128] The XL component is selected from monomeric or polymeric compounds, each of which has at least two XL groups per molecule, wherein the XL groups are selected from groups according to formula XL1 (also referred to herein as XL1 groups) and groups according to formula XL2 (also referred to herein as XL2 groups)

[0129]

[0130] in

[0131] In formula XL1, X is O or NH,

[0132] In Formula XL2, X is O or NH, and R is C1 to C 10 Alkyl, preferably C1 to C4 alkyl, more preferably C1 to C3 alkyl, such as C1 to C2 alkyl, such as methyl,

[0133] Preferably, the XL group is selected from a group according to formula XL1a (also referred to herein as XL1a group), a group according to formula XL1b (also referred to herein as XL1b group), a group according to formula XL2a (also referred to herein as XL2a group), and a group according to formula XL2b (also referred to herein as XL2b group),

[0134]

[0135] Preferably, the XL group is selected from a group according to formula XL1a (also referred to herein as XL1a group) and a group according to formula XL1b (also referred to herein as XL1b group), preferably, the XL group is selected from a group according to formula XL1a (also referred to herein as XL1a group),

[0136] Preferably, the XL component is a polymeric compound having at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, most preferably at least six, and especially at least seven XL groups per molecule, wherein the XL groups are selected from groups according to formula XL1 (also referred to herein as XL1 groups) and groups according to formula XL2 (also referred to herein as XL2 groups); preferably, the XL component is a monomeric compound having at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, most preferably at least six, and especially at least seven XL groups per molecule, wherein the XL groups are selected from groups according to formula XL1 (also referred to herein as XL1 groups) and groups according to formula XL2 (also referred to herein as XL2 groups); Preferably, the XL component is a polymeric compound having at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, most preferably at least six, and especially at least seven XL groups per molecule, wherein the XL groups are selected from the group according to formula XL1a (also referred to herein as XL1a group), the group according to formula XL1b (also referred to herein as XL1b group), the group according to formula XL2a (also referred to herein as XL2a group) and the group according to formula XL2b (also referred to herein as XL2b group); Preferably, the XL component is a polymeric compound having at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, most preferably at least six, and especially at least seven XL groups per molecule. The XL component is a monomeric compound having at least seven XL groups, wherein the XL groups are selected from the group according to formula XL1a (also referred to herein as XL1a group), the group according to formula XL1b (also referred to herein as XL1b group), the group according to formula XL2a (also referred to herein as XL2a group) and the group according to formula XL2b (also referred to herein as XL2b group); preferably, the XL component is a polymeric compound having at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, most preferably at least six, and especially at least seven XL groups per molecule, wherein the XL groups are selected from the group according to formula XL1a (also referred to herein as XL1a group) and the group according to formula XL1b (also referred to herein as XL2b group) is an XL1b group); preferably, the XL component is a monomeric compound having at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, most preferably at least six, and especially at least seven XL groups per molecule, wherein the XL groups are selected from groups according to formula XL1a (also referred to herein as XL1a groups) and groups according to formula XL1b (also referred to herein as XL1b groups); preferably, the XL component is a polymeric compound having at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, most preferably at least six, and especially at least seven XL groups per molecule, wherein the XL groups are groups according to formula XL1a (also referred to herein as XL1a groups);Preferably, the XL component is a monomeric compound having at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, most preferably at least six, especially at least seven XL groups per molecule, wherein the XL group is a group according to formula XL1a (also referred to herein as XL1a group);

[0137] Preferably, the XL component has a weight per unsaturation (abbreviated in the present specification as WPU) of at least 50 and at most 10000, preferably at least 50 and at most 4000, more preferably at least 50 and at most 2000, even more preferably at least 50 and at most 1500, especially at least 50 and at most 1250, such as at least 100 and at most 8000, such as at least 200 and at most 6000, such as at least 250 and at most 4000, such as at least 300 and at most 3000, such as at least 350 and at most 2000, such as at least 350 and at most 1500, such as at least 350 and at most 1250, such as at least 400 and at most 1000 g / mol CCDB-XL, wherein the abbreviation CCDB-XL represents the carbon-carbon double bond portion present in the formula associated with the XL group of the XL component,

[0138] and

[0139] The fiber component consists of at least one fiber element, the fiber element comprises plant fibers, and wherein the fiber element does not contain any fibers other than plant fibers,

[0140] and

[0141] in

[0142] The composition does not contain any fibers other than plant fibers of the fiber component, and

[0143] in

[0144] The ingredient A is present in an amount of at least 10 and at most 100, preferably at least 20 and at most 100, more preferably at least 30 and at most 100, even more preferably at least 40 and at most 100, such as at least 50 and at most 100, such as at least 60 and at most 100, such as at least 70 and at most 100, such as at least 80 and at most 100 wt % of the composition, and

[0145] in

[0146] The polylysine component is present in an amount of at least 1.0 and at most 15.0, preferably at least 1.0 and at most 12.0, more preferably at least 1.0 and at most 10.0, such as at least 3.0 and at most 15.0, preferably at least 3.0 and at most 12.0, more preferably at least 3.0 and at most 10.0 wt % of the composition, and

[0147] in

[0148] The weight ratio K, defined as the weight amount of the XL component divided by the weight amount of the polylysine component, is at least 0.05 and at most 1, preferably at least 0.05 and at most 0.5,

[0149] The subject matter of this section is referred to in the specification as "A1".

[0150] To illustrate, Figure 1 A hyperbranched polylysine with a DB of 0.4 and a theoretical (calculated) molecular weight of 3350.6 Da is depicted, while Figure 2 A primary ammonium salt of a hyperbranched polylysine is depicted, wherein some primary ammonium cations (-NH3 + ) the anion is chloride, and wherein Figure 2 The primary ammonium salt of hyperbranched polylysine has a DB of 0.4 and a theoretical (calculated) molecular weight of 3569.3 Da.

[0151] Lysine as a precursor amino acid (in either of its two enantiomeric forms, i.e., D- and L-lysine; "L" and "D" refer to the chirality at the central carbon atom of lysine) contains two amino groups; one at the α-carbon and one at the ε-carbon. Either of these two amino groups can be the polymerization site. In principle, polylysine is formed from lysine or a lysine salt (L-lysine, D-lysine, or any mixture of L-lysine, such as a racemic mixture; or an L-lysine salt, a D-lysine salt, or any mixture thereof, such as a racemic mixture) in a polycondensation reaction, wherein water is released when the amino group of one lysine molecule and the carboxyl group of another lysine molecule react with each other to form an amide bond under the production of water. Removing water from the reaction mixture facilitates the formation of polylysine.

[0152] Hyperbranched polylysine can be prepared by various methods. In principle, the methods for preparing hyperbranched polylysine can be divided into four major categories: i) methods based on the ring-opening addition polymerization of ε-protected L-lysine-N-carboxylic anhydride (NCA) with a nucleophilic primer, ii) methods in which derivatives of L-lysine*xHCl activated on the carboxyl group are used, iii) methods involving direct thermal addition polymerization of L-lysine, and iv) methods involving salts of lysine with at least one acid in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from tertiary amines, basic alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts, alcohol salts, alkanoates, chelates, organometallic compounds of metals of Groups IIIA to VIIIA or IB to VB in the periodic table. The following paragraphs in this section provide some examples of methods for preparing hyperbranched polylysine, such as the hyperbranched polylysine below of the claimed invention.

[0153] Hyperbranched polylysine can be prepared by the so-called AB2 route. AB2 molecules are a term used to denote trifunctional monomers containing one reactive group A and two reactive groups B; in the case where these groups A and B are reactive with each other, hyperbranched polymers can be produced by intermolecular reactions. Lysine is an example of such a trifunctional monomer, wherein the reactive group A is a carboxyl group, and the two reactive groups B are each an amino group of lysine, and wherein these A and B groups in lysine are reactive with each other; therefore, the AB2 polymerization route of lysine results in hyperbranched polylysine.

[0154] Hyperbranched polylysine can also be prepared as follows: an aqueous solution of L-lysine (50% by weight) is charged into a reactor, such as a glass reactor equipped with a distillation apparatus. After the addition of the aqueous solution of L-lysine (50% by weight) to the reactor is completed, the reactor is slowly (over 2-8 hours) heated to 120-190°C (a slow increase in temperature is necessary to avoid precipitation of unreacted L-lysine in the reactor, which may occur if too much water is distilled off before sufficient reaction conversion). When the desired reaction temperature is reached, the reaction is then continued at the desired temperature for 2-30 hours. Optionally, an aqueous solution of L-lysine (50% by weight) can be added to the reactor when water is distilled off to maintain the filling amount of the reactor at a certain level. The reaction is monitored by sampling at regular time intervals, diluting the sample to 60% by weight in water and measuring the apparent viscosity. When the apparent viscosity of these samples is at the desired viscosity, the reaction mixture is discharged. If necessary, water can be added to the reaction mixture before discharge to produce a product with a desired solid content and apparent viscosity. The reactor that can be used for this method can be a high-pressure reactor. If a high-pressure reactor is used in this method, an aqueous solution of L-Lysine (50% by weight) is charged to the high-pressure reactor equipped with a distillation device, which is connected to the reactor via a pressure relief valve. After the aqueous solution of L-Lysine (50% by weight) is charged to the high-pressure reactor, the pressure in the high-pressure reactor begins to increase, while the pressure relief valve is closed and the reactor is heated to 120-190° C. It is preferred to keep the pressure in the reactor between 1-6 bar (1 bar = 100000 Pa) during the reaction; this preferred pressure range is also maintained when the pressure relief valve is carefully and periodically opened and closed during the reaction to achieve distillation of water and a certain pressure release. When the desired reaction temperature is reached, the reaction is then continued at the desired temperature for 2-30 hours. Optionally, an aqueous solution of L-Lysine (50% by weight) can be added to the reactor while the water is distilled off to keep the filling amount of the reactor at a certain level. The reaction is monitored by sampling at regular time intervals, diluting the samples to 60% by weight in water and measuring the apparent viscosity. When the apparent viscosity of these samples is at the desired viscosity, the reaction mixture is discharged. If desired, water may be added to the reaction mixture prior to discharge to produce a product having the desired solids content and apparent viscosity.The preparation of hyperbranched polylysine in accordance with the invention shown in the examples provides an example of the above process in this paragraph.

[0155] Another way to prepare hyperbranched polylysine is to use L-lysine hydrochloride as the starting material. The polymerization of L-lysine hydrochloride is carried out as follows: L-lysine hydrochloride (550g, 3mol) and NaOH (120g, 3mol) are added to a 1-L glass reactor with a distillation apparatus. The reactor is heated to 120-190°C and stirred for 2 to 30 hours. In order to track the reaction, samples are taken every few hours, dissolved in water to 60% by weight solid content, and the apparent viscosity is measured. In order to discharge, water (calculated in an amount so that the reaction mixture will have a resulting solid content of 70-80% by weight) is added dropwise to the reactor, and when water is added, the temperature is reduced to 90°C. The resulting reaction mixture (solid content 70-80% by weight) in water is then discharged at 90°C.

[0156] Another way to prepare hyperbranched polylysine uses L-lysine hydrochloride and L-lysine as starting materials. Accordingly, L-lysine aqueous solution (50 wt %) (409.4 g, 1.4 mol), L-lysine hydrochloride (255.7 g, 1.4 mol) and NaOH (55.8 g, 1.4 mol) are added to a 1-L glass reactor. The reactor is heated to 120-190 ° C and stirred for 2 to 30 hours. In order to track the reaction, samples are taken every few hours, dissolved in water to 60 wt % solid content, and the apparent viscosity is measured. In order to discharge, water (calculated in an amount so that the reaction mixture will have a resulting solid content of 70-80 wt %) is added dropwise to the reactor, and when water is added, the temperature is reduced to 90 ° C. The resulting reaction mixture (solid content 70-80 wt %) in water is then discharged at 90 ° C.

[0157] Yet another way to prepare hyperbranched polylysine is based on the ring-opening addition polymerization of ε-protected L-lysine-N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) with a nucleophilic primer. Examples of this method are disclosed by Klok et al. in WO 2003 / 064452 and Macromolecules 2002, 35, 8718-8723 and by Rodriguez-Hernandez et al. in Biomacromolecules 2003, 4, 249-258. According to the latter, N e A mixture of -trifluoroacetyl-L-lysine-NCA (TFA-Lys-NCA) and Z-lysine-NCA was subjected to ring-opening polymerization with aliphatic amines. In a separate coupling step, N α ,N ε -bis(9-fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl)-L-lysine (N α ,N ε-diFmoc Lys). Deprotection with piperidine in dimethylformamide (DMF) gives two new amine groups, which enables ring-opening polymerization of TFA-Lys-NCA and Z-Lys-NCA. These reaction cycles are repeated many times. Birchall et al. have also described structurally similar hyperbranched block copolymers in Chem. Commun. 1998, 1335-1336. α-amino acid NCA is subjected to ring-opening polymerization with aliphatic amines. N, N'-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-lysine p-nitrophenyl ester is introduced as a branching point, and after H2 / Pd / C deprotection, there are two free amine groups for further ring opening of amino acid NCA. These reaction cycles are repeated many times.

[0158] Yet another method for preparing hyperbranched polylysine is based on derivatives of L-lysine*2HCl activated on the carboxyl groups. According to this method, hyperbranched polylysine is prepared in a one-pot synthesis by activating the carboxyl groups with the aid of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). NHS-activated L-lysine*2HCl is stirred in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 23 hours with the addition of a catalytic amount of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and 3 equivalents of diisopropylethylamine (DIEA), and the polymer is precipitated from ethyl acetate.

[0159] Another method for preparing hyperbranched polylysine is based on the thermal addition copolymerization of amino acid mixtures. The thermal addition polymerization of free lysine is known and has been carried out under various reaction conditions. Plaquet and colleagues (Biochimie 1975, 571395-1396) polymerized L-lysine in aqueous solution at 105°C for up to 10 weeks, or by heating at 165°C for 8 hours. The reaction was carried out without a catalyst and the yield was very low, with no exceptions below 72.5%. Harada (Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 1959, 32, 1007-1008) polymerized L-lysine at 180 to 230°C under a nitrogen atmosphere for 30 minutes to 2 hours. Rohlfing and colleagues (Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1969, 130, 441-448) polymerized L-lysine (free base) between 186°C and 192°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. WO 00 / 71600 describes the condensation of L-lysine monohydrate in a pressure device. Fox et al. (BioSystems 1976, 8, 40-44) used not only L-lysine but also L-lysine * HCl as the starting monomer for thermal polymerization at 195° C. L-lysine * HCl was reacted at 195° C. with the addition of orthophosphoric acid.

[0160] US 8846842 B2 discloses a further process for preparing polylysine which does not require manipulation of protective groups or activation of carboxyl groups and in which higher molecular weights than those known in the prior art can also be achieved. This object has been achieved by a process for preparing non-crosslinked hyperbranched polylysine by reacting:

[0161] (A) a salt of lysine and at least one acid,

[0162] (B) if appropriate, at least one amino acid other than lysine,

[0163] (C) if appropriate, at least one dicarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid or a copolymerizable derivative thereof, and

[0164] (D) if appropriate, at least one diamine or polyamine or a copolymerizable derivative thereof,

[0165] (E) if appropriate, in at least one solvent, at a temperature of 120 to 200° C., in the presence of at least one catalyst (F) selected from (F1) tertiary amines and amidines, (F2) basic alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or quaternary ammonium salts, and (F3) alkoxides, alkanoates, chelates or organometallic compounds of metals of Groups IIIA to VIIIA or IB to VB of the Periodic Table of the Elements. In this way, it is possible to prepare polymers having a weight-average molecular weight M of up to 750,000 Da. w Non-cross-linked hyperbranched poly-lysine.

[0166] Hyperbranched polylysine can be synthesized, for example, by direct thermal addition polymerization of L-lysine or an ammonium salt of L-lysine. The thermal addition polymerization of lysine is carried out in the absence of a solvent. WO 2007 / 060119 describes the polycondensation of L-lysine hydrochloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide, water (10% by weight, based on L-lysine hydrochloride) and the catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate. The mixture is heated to an internal temperature of 150° C. under stirring. After a reaction time of 5 hours, water is distilled off under reduced pressure (200 mbar) (1 mbar=100 Pa), and after removing the main amount of water, the temperature is slowly raised to 180° C. and the pressure is reduced to 10 mbar. After 8 hours, 240 grams of water distillate have been collected. Hennon et al. (Biochimie 1971, 53, 215-223) describe the preparation of brown resins starting from a lysine aqueous solution (50% by weight). The solution is concentrated by evaporation at 105° C. to 110° C. and then maintained at 165° C. to 170° C. while being stirred by directing a weak stream of preheated nitrogen through it. A brown resin is obtained after 8 hours at 165 to 170° C. Ho et al. describe the synthesis of polylysine by thermally heating an aqueous solution of lysine at 160° C. for 2 days. The resulting polylysine has a degree of branching between 0.50 and 0.54. When microwave-assisted heating is used at 200° C., the resulting polylysine has a degree of branching between 0.30 and 0.32. US2013 / 0123148 ​​discloses the preparation of polylysine by heating an aqueous solution of lysine in the presence of a catalytic amount of dibutyltin dilaurate. According to the embodiments of US2013 / 0123148, the resulting polylysine has a degree of branching greater than 0.30.

[0167] WO 2016 / 062578 A1 discloses a method for preparing hyperbranched polylysine suitable for large-scale production of polylysine with improved yield. According to WO 2016 / 062578 A1, polylysine can be prepared by a method comprising the following steps: (a) a boiling aqueous reaction mixture comprising lysine and water in a weight ratio of 1:10 to 3:1 is heated to a temperature in the range of 135 to 165 ° C within 2 to 8 hours, for example, within 4 to 8 hours, and (b) the reaction mixture of step (a) is maintained at a temperature in the range of 135 to 165 ° C and a pressure below atmospheric pressure, wherein water is removed from the mixture, and any temperature increase within 60 minutes is less than or equal to 30 ° C. Conventional technical grade lysine aqueous solution can be used in the method disclosed in WO 2016 / 062578 A1, and no catalyst is required. At the end of the second step, the mixture is in a liquid state, such as a melt of polylysine, rather than a resin. Preferably, the aqueous starting mixture is an aqueous solution of lysine in water. The lysine contained in the aqueous starting mixture may be L-lysine, D-lysine or any mixture of L-lysine and D-lysine, such as a racemic mixture. The aqueous starting mixture may be, for example, an aqueous solution of L-lysine in water, containing 50% by weight of L-lysine and 50% by weight of water; for example, ADM liquid L-lysine supplied by Archer Daniels Midland, product code: 035101, Sewon supplied by PaikKwang 50% liquid feed, or BestAmino supplied by CJCheilJedang TML-Lysine liquid feed grade. Polylysine is formed by lysine in a polycondensation reaction, wherein water is released when the amino group of one lysine molecule and the carboxyl group of another lysine molecule react with each other to form an amide bond under the condition of producing water. Removing water from the reaction mixture is conducive to the formation of polylysine. Generally, the temperature of the reaction mixture continues to increase. The method disclosed in WO 2016 / 062578A1 requires the removal of water from the reaction mixture. Any means suitable for removing water can be used to remove water from the reaction mixture. It is preferred to evaporate water from the mixture. Most preferably, water is removed from the mixture by distillation. This method requires a pressure below atmospheric pressure in the second step. The pressure reduction promotes the evaporation of water and thus accelerates the polycondensation reaction. According to WO 2016 / 062578 A1, the weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight of polylysine depend on the total duration of the method and the temperature of the reaction mixture. If the reaction mixture is kept at a higher temperature for a longer time, crosslinking is more likely to occur. Preferably, the method is carried out in the absence of a catalyst. The method can be carried out continuously, or preferably in batches. The process is preferably carried out in a so-called one-pot mode, wherein all lysine is contained in the initial charge and the polycondensation reaction is carried out in a reactor with backmixing. However, reaction schemes in multistage reactor systems, stirred tank cascades or tubular reactors are also suitable.

[0168] The primary ammonium salt of hyperbranched polylysine can be prepared, for example, by protonating the amino groups of the hyperbranched polylysine with, for example, an acidic agent, such as a protic acid, an alkenyl carboxylic acid, an alkyl sulfonic acid. In the context of this specification, reagents that can be used to prepare the primary ammonium salt of polylysine are referred to as "protonating agents". Such protonation produces a primary ammonium salt containing at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3 + ) is a primary ammonium salt of a hyperbranched polylysine, the cation being counterbalanced by an anion, and wherein the primary ammonium cation is a cationic form of the amino group of the hyperbranched polylysine. The structure of the anion depends on the reactant for the protonation of the amino group of the hyperbranched polylysine; exemplary anions include, but are not limited to, halogen anions (e.g., fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), carboxylate anions, sulfonate anions. Preferably, the anion is selected from halogen anions, carboxylate anions, sulfonate anions, more preferably, the anion is selected from halogen anions and carboxylate anions, even more preferably, the anion is selected from halogen anions, for example, the anion is selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, for example, the anion is selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, for example, the anion is selected from chloride and bromide, for example, the anion is chloride.

[0169] The XL component can react with the polylysine component via the XL group. More specifically, the XL component can react with the polylysine component by an aza-Michael addition reaction, i.e., by adding the amine group of the polylysine component to the carbon-carbon double bond present in the formula associated with the XL group of the XL component.

[0170] The members of the XL component can be prepared by a variety of methods, some of which involve, for example, the esterification reaction of hydroxyl-functional monomers or hydroxyl-functional polymers with acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and / or ethacrylic acid. For example, the hydroxyl-functional monomers or hydroxyl-functional polymers are reacted with acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and / or ethacrylic acid at 70-115° C., preferably in the presence of a catalytic amount of a suitable esterification catalyst (e.g., a strong acid, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid), to form the XL component and water as a byproduct of the reaction. To facilitate the removal of the reaction water, toluene can be added to the reaction mixture. The toluene is distilled from the reaction mixture, thereby azeotropically removing the water produced by the esterification reaction. The amount of XL1 groups or XL2 groups in the desired XL component can be adjusted by the molar ratio of hydroxyl groups to acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and / or ethacrylic acid monomers. Another method for preparing the XL component involves the transesterification reaction of hydroxyl-functional monomers or hydroxyl-functional polymers with alkyl acrylates and / or methacrylates (e.g., methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate). For example, a hydroxyl-functional monomer or hydroxyl-functional polymer is reacted with an alkyl acrylate and / or alkyl methacrylate at 70-115° C., preferably in the presence of a catalytic amount of a suitable transesterification catalyst (e.g., 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (abbreviated as TBD)), to form an XL component and an alcohol as a reaction byproduct. To facilitate the removal of the reaction alcohol, toluene can be added to the reaction mixture. The toluene is distilled from the reaction mixture, thereby azeotropically removing the alcohol produced by the transesterification reaction. The amount of XL1 groups or XL2 groups in the desired XL component can be adjusted by the molar ratio between the hydroxyl group and the alkyl acrylate and / or alkyl methacrylate.

[0171] Commercially available XL components include, but are not limited to, AgiSyn TM 2867 (supplied by Covestro), a polymeric XL component containing XL1a groups [propane 20 ethoxylated triacrylate (CAS No. 28961-43-5) specific gravity: 1.10-1.15 g / cm at 25°C 3 ; Viscosity: 200-300 mPa.s at 25°C; WPU: 480 g / mol CCDB-XL, Mn: 1460 Da], AgiSyn TM1010 (supplied by Covestro), a monomeric XL component containing XL1a groups [bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate (CAS No.: 55818-57-0); viscosity: 4000-7000 mPa.s at 60°C; WPU: 185 g / mol CCDB-XL, Mn: 368.4 Da], AgiSyn TM 2811 (supplied by Covestro), a monomeric XL component containing XL1a groups [trimethylolpropane triacrylate (CAS No.: 15625-89-5); viscosity: 70-120 mPa.s at 25°C; density: 1.09-1.12 g / cm at 25°C 3 ;WPU: 99g / mol CCDB-XL, Mn: 296Da], AgiSyn TM 2873 (supplied by Covestro), a polymeric XL component containing XL1a groups [ethoxylated (10) bisphenol A diacrylate (CAS No. 64401-02-1); viscosity: 600-800 mPa.s at 25°C; density: 1.12-1.18 g / cm at 25°C 3 ;WPU: 390g / mol CCDB-XL, Mn: 780Da], AgiSyn TM 2836 (supplied by Covestro), a polymeric XL component containing XL1a groups [ethoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylate (CAS No.: 28961-43-5); viscosity: 40-80 mPa.s at 25°C; density: 1.06-1.12 g / cm at 25°C 3 ;WPU: 143g / mol CCDB-XL, Mn: 428Da], AgiSyn TM 2884 (supplied by Covestro), a monomeric XL component containing XL1a groups [pentaerythritol triacrylate and tetraacrylate (CAS No. 4986-89-4); viscosity 650-1200 mPa.s at 25°C; density: 1.15-1.21 g / cm at 25°C 3 ;WPU: 99g / mol CCDB-XL, Mn: 296Da], AgiSyn TM 2837 (supplied by Covestro), a polymeric XL component containing XL1a groups [propoxylated (3) glyceryl triacrylate (CAS No. 500-114-5); viscosity: 70-100 mPa.s at 25°C; density: 1.08-1.11 g / cm at 25°C 3; WPU: 143 g / mol CCDB-XL, Mn: 428 Da], diethylene glycol diacrylate (abbreviated as DEGDA) (provided by Sigma-Aldrich) a monomeric XL component containing an XL1a group [Mn = 214,2 Da, WPU = 107 g / mol CCDB-XL], trimethylolpropane triacrylate (abbreviated as TMPTA) (provided by Sigma-Aldrich) a monomeric XL component containing an XL2a group [Mn = 338,4 Da, WPU = 113 g / mol CCDB-XL] (the Mn and WPU values ​​disclosed in this paragraph are determined according to the method disclosed in this specification).

[0172] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or A1 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X has a molecular weight of at least 0.30 and at most 0.55, more preferably at least 0.30 and at most 0.50, even more preferably at least 0.30 and at most 0.45 as disclosed in the specification. 1 Degree of branching determined by H-NMR spectroscopy. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A2'.

[0173] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A2 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the polylysine-X is selected from hyperbranched polylysine and a primary ammonium salt of hyperbranched polylysine, wherein the at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3 + ) is selected from halogen anions, carboxylate anions and sulfonate anions; more preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or any one of A1 to A2 or any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the polylysine-X is selected from hyperbranched polylysine and primary ammonium salts of hyperbranched polylysine, wherein the at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3) present in the structure of the primary ammonium salt of the counteracting hyperbranched polylysine + ) is selected from halogen anions and carboxylate anions; more preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or any one of A1 to A2 or any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the polylysine-X is selected from hyperbranched polylysine and primary ammonium salts of hyperbranched polylysine, wherein the at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3) present in the structure of the primary ammonium salt of the counter-hyperbranched polylysine +) is selected from halogen anions; even more preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A2 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the polylysine-X is selected from hyperbranched polylysine and primary ammonium salts of hyperbranched polylysine, wherein the at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3) present in the structure of the primary ammonium salt of the counter-hyperbranched polylysine + ) anion is selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide; most preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or any one of A1 to A2 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the polylysine-X is selected from hyperbranched polylysine and primary ammonium salts of hyperbranched polylysine, wherein the at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3) present in the structure of the primary ammonium salt of the counter-hyperbranched polylysine + ) is selected from chloride, bromide and iodide; in particular, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or any one of A1 to A2 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the polylysine-X is selected from hyperbranched polylysine and primary ammonium salts of hyperbranched polylysine, wherein the at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3) present in the structure of the primary ammonium salt of the counteracting hyperbranched polylysine + ) is selected from chloride and bromide; more particularly, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A2 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the polylysine-X is selected from hyperbranched polylysine and primary ammonium salts of hyperbranched polylysine, wherein the at least one primary ammonium cation (-NH3) present in the structure of the primary ammonium salt of the counteracting hyperbranched polylysine + ) is a chloride ion. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A3'.

[0174] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A3 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X has an apparent viscosity measured by rheometry as disclosed in the description of at least 400 and at most 8000, preferably at least 400 and at most 6000, more preferably at least 400 and at most 4000, even more preferably at least 400 and at most 2500, most preferably at least 400 and at most 2000, such as at least 400 and at most 1800, such as at least 400 and at most 1550, such as at least 450 and at most 8000, such as at least 450 and at most 6000, such as at least 450 and at most 4000, such as at least 450 and at most 2000, such as at least 450 and at most 1800, such as at least 450 and at most 1550 mPa.s. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A4'.

[0175] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A4 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the amine value (abbreviated as AN) of each polylysine-X measured by the titration method as disclosed in the specification is higher than its acid value (abbreviated as AV) measured by the titration method as disclosed in the specification. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A5'.

[0176] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A5 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X has a number average molecular weight (abbreviated as M) of at least 1100 and at most 10000 Da, preferably at least 1500 and at most 8000 Da, more preferably at least 2000 and at most 6000 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 as disclosed in the specification. n ). The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to as 'A6' in the specification.

[0177] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A6 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X has a weight average molecular weight (abbreviated as M) of at least 3000 and at most 50000 Da, preferably at least 5000 and at most 40000 Da, more preferably at least 10000 and at most 30000 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 as disclosed in the specification. w ). The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to as 'A7' in the specification.

[0178] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A7 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X has an amine value (abbreviated as AN) of at least 200 and at most 700 mg KOH / g, preferably at least 250 and at most 600 mg KOH / g, more preferably at least 250 and at most 500 mg KOH / g, especially at least 300 and at most 400 mg KOH / g as determined by titration as disclosed in the specification. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A8'.

[0179] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A8 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X has an acid value (abbreviated as AV) of at least 10 and at most 150, preferably at least 10 and at most 100, such as at least 10 and at most 90, such as at least 30 and at most 150, such as at least 30 and at most 100, such as at least 30 and at most 90 mg KOH / g as determined by titration as disclosed in the specification. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A9'.

[0180] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A9 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X independently has an amine value (AN) of at least 50 and at most 2000, preferably at least 50 and at most 1500, more preferably at least 50 and at most 1200, such as at least 50 and at most 1000, such as at least 50 and at most 900, such as at least 50 and at most 800, such as at least 150 and at most 600, such as at least 200 and at most 500, such as at least 200 and at most 450, such as at least 200 and at most 400, such as at least 250 and at most 400 mgKOH / g as determined by titration as disclosed in the specification. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A10'.

[0181] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A10 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X independently has an amine value (AN) determined by titration as disclosed in the specification of at least 50 and at most 2000, preferably at least 50 and at most 1500, more preferably at least 50 and at most 1200, such as at least 50 and at most 1000, such as at least 50 and at most 900, such as at least 50 and at most 800, such as at least 150 and at most 600, such as at least 200 and at most 500, such as at least 200 and at most 450, such as at least 200 and at most 400, such as at least 250 and at most 400 mgKOH / g, and wherein AN is higher than the acid value (AV) determined by titration as disclosed in the specification. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A11'.

[0182] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A11 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X independently has at least 400 and at most 8000, preferably at least 400 and at most 6000, more preferably at least 400 and at most 4000, even more preferably at least 400 and at most 2500, most preferably at least 400 and at most 2000, for example at least 400 and at most 18 00, such as at least 400 and at most 1550, such as at least 450 and at most 8000, such as at least 450 and at most 6000, such as at least 450 and at most 4000, such as at least 450 and at most 2000, such as at least 450 and at most 1800, such as at least 450 and at most 1550 mPa.s of apparent viscosity determined by rheometry as disclosed in the specification, and wherein AN is higher than the acid value (AV) determined by titration as disclosed in the specification. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A12'.

[0183] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A12 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X independently has:

[0184] - a number average molecular weight (abbreviated as M) of at least 1100 and at most 10000 Da, preferably at least 1500 and at most 8000 Da, more preferably at least 2000 and at most 6000 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 as disclosed in the description n ),

[0185] - a weight average molecular weight (abbreviated as M) of at least 3000 and at most 50000 Da, preferably at least 5000 and at most 40000 Da, more preferably at least 5000 and at most 30000 Da, for example at least 10000 and at most 30000 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 as disclosed in the specification w ),

[0186] - an apparent viscosity determined by rheometry of at least 400 and at most 8000, preferably at least 400 and at most 6000, more preferably at least 400 and at most 4000, even more preferably at least 400 and at most 2500, most preferably at least 400 and at most 2000, such as at least 400 and at most 1800, such as at least 400 and at most 1550, such as at least 450 and at most 8000, such as at least 450 and at most 6000, such as at least 450 and at most 4000, such as at least 450 and at most 2000, such as at least 450 and at most 1800, such as at least 450 and at most 1550 mPa.s.

[0187] The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A13'.

[0188] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A13 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X has:

[0189] - a number average molecular weight (abbreviated as M) of at least 1100 and at most 10000 Da, preferably at least 1500 and at most 8000 Da, more preferably at least 2000 and at most 6000 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 as disclosed in the description n ),

[0190] - a weight average molecular weight (abbreviated as M) of at least 3000 and at most 50000 Da, preferably at least 5000 and at most 40000 Da, more preferably at least 10000 and at most 30000 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 as disclosed in the description w ),

[0191] - at least 2 and at most 15, preferably at least 2 and at most 10, more preferably at least 3 and at most 8 as M w / M n The polydispersity (abbreviated as PD) is calculated from the ratio of

[0192] an apparent viscosity determined by rheometry as disclosed in the description of at least 400 and at most 8000, preferably at least 400 and at most 6000, more preferably at least 400 and at most 4000, even more preferably at least 400 and at most 2500, most preferably at least 400 and at most 2000, such as at least 400 and at most 1800, such as at least 400 and at most 1550, such as at least 450 and at most 8000, such as at least 450 and at most 6000, such as at least 450 and at most 4000, such as at least 450 and at most 2000, such as at least 450 and at most 1800, such as at least 450 and at most 1550 mPa.s,

[0193] an amine number (abbreviated AN) determined by titration as disclosed in the description of at least 200 and at most 700 mg KOH / g, preferably at least 250 and at most 600 mg KOH / g, more preferably at least 250 and at most 500 mg KOH / g, in particular at least 300 and at most 400 mg KOH / g.

[0194] The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A14'.

[0195] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A14 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polylysine-X has:

[0196] - a number average molecular weight (abbreviated as M) of at least 1100 and at most 10000 Da, preferably at least 1500 and at most 8000 Da, more preferably at least 2000 and at most 6000 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 as disclosed in the description n ),

[0197] - a weight average molecular weight (abbreviated as M) of at least 3000 and at most 50000 Da, preferably at least 5000 and at most 40000 Da, more preferably at least 10000 and at most 30000 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 as disclosed in the description w ),

[0198] - at least 2 and at most 15, preferably at least 2 and at most 10, more preferably at least 3 and at most 8 as M w / M n The polydispersity is calculated by the ratio,

[0199] an apparent viscosity determined by rheometry as disclosed in the description of at least 400 and at most 8000, preferably at least 400 and at most 6000, more preferably at least 400 and at most 4000, even more preferably at least 400 and at most 2500, most preferably at least 400 and at most 2000, such as at least 400 and at most 1800, such as at least 400 and at most 1550, such as at least 450 and at most 8000, such as at least 450 and at most 6000, such as at least 450 and at most 4000, such as at least 450 and at most 2000, such as at least 450 and at most 1800, such as at least 450 and at most 1550 mPa.s,

[0200] an amine value of at least 200 and at most 700 mg KOH / g, preferably at least 250 and at most 600 mg KOH / g, more preferably at least 250 and at most 500 mg KOH / g, in particular at least 300 and at most 400 mg KOH / g, determined by titration as disclosed in the description,

[0201] - an acid value determined by titration as disclosed in the description of at least 10 and at most 150 mg KOH / g, preferably at least 30 and at most 100, more preferably at least 40 and at most 90 mg KOH / g, and

[0202] - and a gel content of at most 3.0, preferably at most 2.0, more preferably at most 1.0, even more preferably at most 0.5, most preferably at most 0.1, especially at most 0.05%, more especially 0.0%.

[0203] The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A15'.

[0204] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A15 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the polylysine component is present in an amount of at least 3.5 and at most 15, such as at least 3.5 and at most 12, such as at least 3.5 and at most 10, such as at least 4.0 and at most 15, such as at least 4.0 and at most 12, such as at least 4.0 and at most 10 wt % of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A16'.

[0205] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A16 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each member of the XL component has at least 100 and at most 10000, such as at least 100 and at most 5000, such as at least 100 and at most 4000, such as at least 100 and at most 3000, such as at least 100 and at most 2500, such as at least 100 and at most 1500 The number average molecular weight of the present invention is 2000-3000 Da, for example at least 150 and at most 5000, for example at least 150 and at most 4000, for example at least 150 and at most 3000, for example at least 150 and at most 2500, for example at least 150 and at most 2000, for example at least 300 and at most 10000, for example at least 400 and at most 10000, for example at least 500 and at most 10000 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-2 as disclosed in the specification. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A17'.

[0206] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A16 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each monomeric compound in the XL component has a number average molecular weight as determined by gel permeation chromatography-2 as disclosed in the specification of at least 100 and at most 5000, such as at least 100 and at most 4000, such as at least 100 and at most 3000, such as at least 100 and at most 2500, such as at least 100 and at most 2000, such as at least 150 and at most 5000, such as at least 150 and at most 4000, such as at least 150 and at most 3000, such as at least 150 and at most 2500, such as at least 150 and at most 2000 Da. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A18'.

[0207] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A16 and A18 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polymeric compound in the XL component has at least 300 and at most 20000, such as at least 300 and at most 15000, such as at least 300 and at most 10000, such as at least 300 and at most 8000, such as at least 300 and at most 6000, such as at least 300 and at most 5000, such as at least 300 and at most 3000 000, for example at least 300 and up to 3000, for example at least 300 and up to 2500, for example at least 300 and up to 2000, for example at least 500 and up to 20000, for example at least 500 and up to 15000, for example at least 500 and up to 10000, for example at least 500 and up to 8000, for example at least 500 and up to 6000, for example at least 500 and up to 5000, for example at least 500 and up to 4000, for example at least 500 and up to 3000, for example at least 500 and up to 5000 750 and up to 2000, for example at least 750 and up to 20000, for example at least 750 and up to 15000, for example at least 750 and up to 10000, for example at least 750 and up to 8000, for example at least 750 and up to 6000, for example at least 750 and up to 5000, for example at least 750 and up to 4000, for example at least 750 and up to 3000, for example at least 750 and up to 2500, for example at least 750 and up to 2000, for example at least 1000 and up to 2500 At most 20000, such as at least 1000 and at most 15000, such as at least 1000 and at most 10000, such as at least 1000 and at most 8000, such as at least 1000 and at most 6000, such as at least 1000 and at most 5000, such as at least 1000 and at most 4000, such as at least 1000 and at most 3000, such as at least 1000 and at most 2500, such as at least 1000 and at most 2000 Da of number average molecular weight determined by gel permeation chromatography-2 as disclosed in the specification. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A19'.

[0208] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A19 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein each polymeric compound of the XL component is a linear polymeric compound, preferably each polymeric compound of the XL component is a linear non-branched polymeric compound. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A20'.

[0209] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A20 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein none of the monomeric compounds of the XL component and the polymeric compounds of the XL component contain Si atoms in their structure. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A21'.

[0210] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A21 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition may optionally comprise water. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A22'.

[0211] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A22 or as any combination of the disclosure derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition comprises at least 1 and at most 90, preferably at least 2 and at most 90, more preferably at least 3 and at most 90, even more preferably at least 5 and at most 90, such as at least 1 and at most 80, such as at least 2 and at most 80, such as at least 3 and at most 80, such as at least 5 and at most 80, such as at least 1 and at most 70, such as at least 2 and at most 70, such as at least 3 and at most 70, such as at least 5 and at most 70, such as at least 1 and at most 60, such as at least 2 and at most 60, such as at least 3 and at most 60, such as at least 5 and at most 60, such as at least 1 and at most 50, such as at least 2 and at most 50 pph of water in an amount determined by the water content method as disclosed in the specification. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A23'.

[0212] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A21 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition comprises water, and the total amount of ingredient A and water in the composition is higher than 10, preferably at least 20, such as at least 30, such as at least 40, such as at least 50, such as at least 60, such as at least 70, such as at least 80, such as at least 90, such as at least 92, such as at least 95, such as at least 97, such as at least 98, such as at least 99 pph of the composition, for example the composition consists of ingredient A and water, wherein the amount of water is determined by the water content method disclosed in the specification. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A24'.

[0213] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A21 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein ingredient A is present in an amount of at least 85 and at most 100, such as at least 87 and at most 100, such as at least 90 and at most 100, such as at least 92 and at most 100, such as at least 95 and at most 100, such as at least 97 and at most 100, such as at least 98, such as at least 99 and at most 100 wt % of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A25'.

[0214] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A25 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition comprises an organic solvent in an amount of at most 50, preferably at most 40, more preferably at most 30, even more preferably at most 20, most preferably at most 10, especially at most 5, more especially at most 3 pph of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A26'.

[0215] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A25 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims, wherein the composition does not contain an organic solvent. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A27'.

[0216] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A27 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition consists of ingredient A and water. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A28'.

[0217] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A28 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition may optionally comprise ingredient B selected from proteins and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the composition may optionally comprise ingredient B in an amount of at most 0.95, preferably at most 0.90, more preferably at most 0.80, such as at most 0.70, such as at most 0.60, such as at most 0.50, such as at most 0.40, such as at most 0.30, such as at most 0.20, such as at most 0.10, such as at most 0.05 pph of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A29'.

[0218] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A28 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition does not contain ingredient B, and ingredient B is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A30'.

[0219] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A30 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition may optionally comprise ingredient C selected from polyphenol macromolecular compounds (each a macromolecular compound with a plurality of phenolic or polyhydroxyphenyl groups) and mixtures thereof, in an amount such that the ratio of the total weight of ingredient C divided by the total weight of the polylysine component is at most 0.40, preferably at most 0.30, more preferably at most 0.25, even more preferably at most 0.20, most preferably at most 0.15, especially at most 0.14, more especially at most 0.13, and wherein ingredient C is different from and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition; more preferably, the The composition may optionally comprise ingredient C selected from polyphenol macromolecular compounds (each a macromolecular compound with a plurality of phenolic or polyhydroxyphenyl groups) and mixtures thereof, in an amount such that the ratio of the total weight of ingredient C divided by the total weight of the polylysine component is at most 0.40, preferably at most 0.30, more preferably at most 0.25, even more preferably at most 0.20, most preferably at most 0.15, especially at most 0.14, more especially at most 0.13, and wherein ingredient C is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition, and wherein ingredient C is tannin, lignin sulfonate or a mixture thereof, and wherein the composition does not contain any other than tannin, lignin sulfonate and any mixture of any combination of tannin and lignin sulfonate. any polyphenol macromolecular compound; even more preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A30 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition may optionally comprise ingredient C selected from polyphenol macromolecular compounds (each a macromolecular compound with a plurality of phenolic or polyhydroxyphenyl groups) and mixtures thereof, in an amount such that the ratio of the total weight of ingredient C divided by the total weight of the polylysine component is at most 0.40, preferably at most 0.30, more preferably at most 0.25, even more preferably at most 0.20, most preferably at most 0.15, especially at most 0.14, more especially at most 0.13, and wherein ingredient C is different from and distinct from any other ingredient of the composition Its components and ingredients, and wherein ingredient C is condensed tannin, lignin sulfonate or a mixture thereof, and wherein the composition does not contain any polyphenol macromolecular compound other than condensed tannin, lignin sulfonate and any mixture of any combination of condensed tannin and lignin sulfonate; most preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A30 or as disclosed in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition may optionally contain ingredient C selected from polyphenol macromolecular compounds (each of which is a macromolecular compound with a plurality of phenolic or polyhydroxyphenyl groups) and mixtures thereof, in an amount such that the ratio of the total weight of ingredient C divided by the total weight of the polylysine component is at most 0.40, preferably at most 0.30, more preferably at most 0.25, even more preferably at most 0.20, most preferably at most 0.15, especially at most 0.14, more especially at most 0.13, and wherein ingredient C is different from and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition, and wherein ingredient C is lignin sulfonate or a mixture of lignin sulfonates, and wherein the composition does not contain any polyphenol macromolecular compound other than lignin sulfonate and a mixture of lignin sulfonates; in particular, the composition as in A0 or in any one of A1 to A30 or as derived from this section and including claims The composition is disclosed in any combination of the disclosures in the entire specification of the book, wherein the composition may optionally contain ingredient C, which is selected from polyphenol macromolecular compounds (each of which is a macromolecular compound with many phenolic or polyhydroxyphenyl groups) and mixtures thereof, in an amount such that the ratio of the total weight of ingredient C divided by the total weight of the polylysine component is at most 0.40, preferably at most 0.30, more preferably at most 0.25, even more preferably at most 0.20, most preferably at most 0.15, especially at most 0.14, more especially at most 0.13, and wherein ingredient C is different from and distinct from the combination any other components and ingredients of the composition, and wherein ingredient C is calcium lignin sulfonate, ammonium lignin sulfonate, magnesium lignin sulfonate or a mixture thereof, and wherein the composition does not contain any polyphenol macromolecular compound other than calcium lignin sulfonate, ammonium lignin sulfonate, magnesium lignin sulfonate and a mixture thereof; more particularly, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A30 or as disclosed in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition may optionally contain ingredient C, which is selected from polyphenol macromolecular compounds (each of which is a compound with a plurality of phenols) or polyhydroxyphenyl group macromolecular compounds) and mixtures thereof, in an amount such that the ratio of the total weight of ingredient C divided by the total weight of the polylysine component is at most 0.40, preferably at most 0.30, more preferably at most 0.25, even more preferably at most 0.20, most preferably at most 0.15, especially at most 0.14, more especially at most 0.13, and wherein ingredient C is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition, and wherein ingredient C is magnesium lignin sulfonate, and wherein the composition does not contain any polyphenol macromolecular compound other than magnesium lignin sulfonate. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A31'. .

[0220] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in claim 1 or in A0 or in any one of A1 to A30 or in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims, wherein the composition is free of ingredient C, and wherein ingredient C is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A32'.

[0221] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in claim 1 or A0 or any one of A1 to A32 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition may optionally comprise ingredient D selected from: i) monosaccharides in their aldose or ketose form, ii) oligosaccharides, iii) polysaccharides, iv) monomeric or polymeric compounds that generate one or more reducing sugars in situ, e.g. upon heating, and mixtures of i) to iv), and ingredient D is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A33'.

[0222] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A32 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition is free of ingredient D, and wherein ingredient D is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A34'.

[0223] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A34 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition may optionally comprise ingredient E selected from peptides and mixtures thereof, and wherein ingredient E is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition in an amount of at most 0.30, such as at most 0.20, such as at most 0.10, such as at most 0.05 wt % of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A35'.

[0224] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A34 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition is free of ingredient E, and wherein ingredient E is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A36'.

[0225] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A36 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition may optionally comprise ingredient G selected from polymers containing acetoacetoxy groups [e.g. acetoacetylated poly(vinyl alcohol)] and mixtures thereof, and wherein ingredient G is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition. Preferably, the composition may optionally comprise at most 10, preferably at most 9, such as at most 8, such as at most 8, such as at most 7, such as at most 6, such as at most 5, such as at most 4, such as at most 3, such as at most 2, such as at most 1.50, such as at most 1.40, such as at most 1.30, such as at most 1.20, such as at most 1.10, such as at most 1.0, such as at most 0.90, such as at most 0.80, such as at most 0.70, such as at most 0.60, such as at most 0.50, such as at most For example, ingredient G in an amount of at most 0.40, such as at most 0.30, such as at most 0.20, such as at most 0.10, such as at most 0.09, such as at most 0.08, such as at most 0.07, such as at most 0.06, such as at most 0.05, such as at most 0.04, such as at most 0.03, such as at most 0.02, such as at most 0.01, such as at most 0.005 pph, such as the composition does not contain ingredient G, and wherein ingredient G is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A37'.

[0226] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or any one of A1 to A36, wherein the composition does not contain ingredient G, and wherein ingredient G is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A38'.

[0227] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or any one of A1 to A38, wherein the composition may optionally comprise ingredient H selected from monomeric compounds containing acetoacetoxy groups and mixtures thereof, and wherein ingredient H is different from and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition. Preferably, the composition may optionally comprise at most 10, preferably at most 9, such as at most 8, such as at most 8, such as at most 7, such as at most 6, such as at most 5, such as at most 4, such as at most 3, such as at most 2, such as at most 1.50, such as at most 1.40, such as at most 1.30, such as at most 1.20, such as at most 1.10, such as at most 1.0, such as at most 0.90, such as at most 0.80, such as at most 0.70, such as at most 0.60, such as at most The invention relates to an ingredient H in an amount of at most 0.50, such as at most 0.40, such as at most 0.30, such as at most 0.20, such as at most 0.10, such as at most 0.09, such as at most 0.08, such as at most 0.07, such as at most 0.06, such as at most 0.05, such as at most 0.04, such as at most 0.03, such as at most 0.02, such as at most 0.01, such as at most 0.005 pph, wherein ingredient H is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A39'.

[0228] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or any one of A1 to A38, wherein the composition does not contain ingredient H, and wherein ingredient H is different and distinct from any other components and ingredients of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A40'.

[0229] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A40 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition does not contain a urea-formaldehyde resin. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A41'.

[0230] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A41 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims, wherein the composition does not contain melamine-formaldehyde resin. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A42'.

[0231] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A42 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition is free of isocyanates and polyisocyanates. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A43'.

[0232] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A43 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the composition contains no urea-formaldehyde resin, and contains no melamine-formaldehyde resin, and contains no isocyanate, and contains no polyisocyanate, and contains no mixtures thereof. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A44'.

[0233] The fiber component consists of at least one fiber element, the fiber element comprising plant fibers, and wherein the fiber element does not contain any fibers other than plant fibers, and wherein the composition does not contain any fibers other than plant fibers of the fiber component. Therefore, the fiber component and the composition of the present invention both contain only plant fibers.

[0234] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A44 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the fiber component is present in an amount of at least 10 and at most 98, preferably at least 20 and at most 98, more preferably at least 30 and at most 98, most preferably at least 40 and at most 98, especially at least 50 and at most 98, more especially at least 60 and at most 98, even more especially at least 70 and at most 98, most especially at least 80 and at most 98, e.g. at least 85 and at most 98 wt % of the composition. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A45'.

[0235] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A45 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the fibrous element comprises plant fibers in an amount of at least 20, preferably at least 30, more preferably at least 40, such as at least 50, such as at least 60, such as at least 70, such as at least 80, such as at least 90, such as at least 95, such as at least 96, such as at least 97, such as at least 98, such as at least 99, such as at least 99.5 % by weight of the fibrous element, e.g. the fibrous element consists of plant fibers. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A46'.

[0236] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A46 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the plant fibers are selected from natural cellulosic fibers, natural lignocellulosic fibers and mixtures thereof. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A47'.

[0237] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A47 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the plant fibers are selected from wood fibers, reed fibers, bamboo fibers, seaweed, jute fibers, flax fibers, hemp fibers, ramie fibers, abaca fibers, sisal fibers, kapok fibers, cotton, banana fibers, coconut fibers, rye fibers, wheat fibers, rice fibers, kenaf fibers, straw fibers, grass fibers, leaf fibers and mixtures thereof. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A48'.

[0238] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A48 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the plant fibers are selected from wood fibers, reed fibers and mixtures thereof. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A49'.

[0239] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A49 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims, wherein the plant fibres are wood fibres. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A50'.

[0240] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A50 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the fibrous element is selected from the group consisting of fibers, filaments, yarns, tapes, tows, threads, staple yarns, particles, chips, shavings, flakes, sheets, pulp and mixtures thereof; preferably, the fibrous element is selected from the group consisting of fibers, filaments, yarns, threads, staple yarns, particles, chips, shavings, flakes, pulp and mixtures thereof; more preferably, the fibrous element is wood chips. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A51'.

[0241] Preferably, the composition is as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A51 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the fiber component consists of wood chips, wherein the d50, i.e. the median value of the particle size distribution of the wood chips measured according to ISO 17827-1:2016, is at least 1 and at most 50, preferably at least 1 and at most 40, such as at least 1 and at most 30, such as at least 1 and at most 20, such as at least 1 and at most 15, such as at least 1 and at most 10, such as at least 1 and at most 8 mm. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A52'.

[0242] In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for obtaining an object is provided, wherein the method comprises steps a to c:

[0243] a) providing a composition as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A52 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims; and

[0244] b) applying heat and / or pressure and / or vacuum, preferably heat and pressure simultaneously, to the composition to form an object, and

[0245] c) collecting the objects.

[0246] The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A53'.

[0247] Preferably, the method for obtaining an object is as disclosed in A53 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein step b is as follows:

[0248] b) subjecting the composition to heat - preferably at any temperature in the range of 40°C (inclusive) to 300°C (inclusive), for example in the range of 100°C to 300°C, for example in the range of 100°C to 280°C (inclusive), for example in the range of 100°C to 260°C (inclusive), for example in the range of 100°C to 250°C (inclusive), for example in the range of 100°C to 240°C (inclusive), for example in the range of 100°C to 230°C (inclusive), for example in the range of 100°C to 230°C (inclusive), ℃ 220℃ (inclusive), for example, in the range of 100℃ (inclusive) to 210℃ (inclusive), for example, in the range of 110℃ (inclusive) to 300℃ (inclusive), for example, in the range of 110℃ (inclusive) to 280℃ (inclusive), for example, in the range of 110℃ (inclusive) to 260℃ (inclusive), for example, in the range of 110℃ (inclusive) to 250℃ (inclusive), for example, in the range of 110℃ (inclusive) to 240℃ (inclusive), for example, in the range of 110℃ (inclusive) to 230℃ (inclusive), For example, in the range of 110°C (including 110°C) to 220°C (including 220°C), for example, in the range of 110°C (including 110°C) to 210°C (including 210°C), for example, in the range of 120°C (including 120°C) to 300°C (including 300°C), for example, in the range of 120°C (including 120°C) to 280°C (including 280°C), for example, in the range of 120°C (including 120°C) to 260°C (including 260°C), for example, in the range of 120°C (including 120°C) to 250°C (including 250°C), for example, in the range of 120°C (including 120°C) to 240°C (including 240°C), for example, in the range of 120°C (including 120°C) to ℃ (inclusive) in the range of 130 ℃ (inclusive) to 250 ℃ (inclusive), for example, in the range of 130 ℃ (inclusive) to 260 ℃ (inclusive), for example, in the range of 130 ℃ (inclusive) to 250 ℃ (inclusive), for example, in the range of 130 ℃ (inclusive) to 240 ℃ (inclusive),For example, in the range of 130°C (including 130°C) to 230°C (including 230°C), for example, in the range of 130°C (including 130°C) to 220°C (including 220°C), for example, in the range of 130°C (including 130°C) to 210°C (including 210°C), for example, in the range of 140°C (including 140°C) to 300°C (including 300°C), for example, in the range of 140°C (including 140°C) to 280°C (including 280°C), for example, in the range of 140°C (including 140°C) to 260°C (including 260°C), for example, in the range of 140°C (including 140°C) to 250°C (including 250°C), for example, in the range of 140°C (including 140°C) to In the range of 140°C (inclusive) to 230°C (inclusive), for example, in the range of 140°C (inclusive) to 220°C (inclusive), for example, in the range of 140°C (inclusive) to 210°C (inclusive), for example, in the range of 150°C (inclusive) to 300°C (inclusive), for example, in the range of 150°C (inclusive) to 280°C (inclusive), for example, in the range of 150°C (inclusive) to 260°C (inclusive), for example, in the range of 150°C (inclusive) to 250°C (inclusive), For example, in the range of 150°C (including 150°C) to 240°C (including 240°C), for example, in the range of 150°C (including 150°C) to 230°C (including 230°C), for example, in the range of 150°C (including 150°C) to 220°C (including 220°C), for example, in the range of 150°C (including 150°C) to 210°C (including 210°C), for example, in the range of 160°C (including 160°C) to 300°C (including 300°C), for example, in the range of 160°C (including 160°C) to 280°C (including 280°C), for example, in the range of 160°C (including 160°C) to 260°C (including 260°C), for example, in the range of 160°C (including 160°C) to In the range of 250°C (including 250°C), for example, in the range of 160°C (including 160°C) to 240°C (including 240°C), for example, in the range of 160°C (including 160°C) to 230°C (including 230°C), for example, in the range of 160°C (including 160°C) to 220°C (including 220°C), for example, in the range of 160°C (including 160°C) to 210°C (including 210°C), for example, in the range of 100°C (including 100°C) to 160°C (including 160°C), for example, in the range of 110°C (including 110°C) to 160°C (including 160°C), for example, in the range of 120°C (including 120°C) to 160°C (including 160°C),For example, in the range of 130°C (including 130°C) to 160°C (including 160°C), for example, in the range of 140°C (including 140°C) to 160°C (including 160°C), for example, in the range of 150°C (including 150°C) to 160°C (including 160°C), for example, at 100°C, for example, at 110°C, for example, at 120°C, for example, at 130°C, for example, at 140°C, for example, at 150°C, for example at 160°C, for example at 170°C, for example at 180°C, for example at 190°C, for example at 200°C, for example at 210°C, for example at 220°C, for example at 240°C, for example at 250°C, for example at 260°C, for example at 270°C, for example at 280°C, for example at 290°C, for example at 300°C, and / or under pressure - for example at 120 kPa (inclusive) to 10, 5 kPa (including 10 5 kPa), and / or applying a vacuum – for example, at 10 -10 kPa (including 10 -10 kPa) to 90 kPa (including 90 kPa), for a sufficient time - for example at least 1 second and up to 60 minutes, more for example at least 2 seconds and up to 30 minutes, for example at least 3 seconds and up to 20 minutes, for example at least 4 seconds and up to 10 minutes, for example at least 5 seconds and up to 8 minutes, for example at least 10 seconds and up to 6 minutes, for example at least 10 seconds and up to 5 minutes, for example at least 10 seconds and up to 3 minutes, for example at least 10 seconds and up to 2 minutes, for example at least 30 seconds and up to 5 minutes, for example at least 30 seconds and up to 3 minutes, for example at least 30 seconds and up to 2 minutes, for example at least 60 seconds and up to 5 minutes, for example at least 60 seconds and up to 3 minutes, for example at least 60 seconds and up to 2 minutes, to form an object; for example, simultaneously subjecting the composition to heat and pressure in any combination of the temperature and pressure ranges disclosed immediately above, for any time range disclosed immediately above, to form an object. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A54'.

[0249] Preferably, the method for obtaining an object is as disclosed in any one of A53 to A54 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the object is selected from sheets, strips, rods, strips, films, cloth, containers, boards, panels, beams, frames, laths, engineered wood [such as plywood, densified wood (including chemically densified wood), fiberboard [this term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or particle board), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, particle board)], oriented strand board (OSB), laminated timber (glulam; veneer glued timber), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), cross-laminated timber (CLT), parallel strand glued timber (PSL), strand laminated timber (LSL), finger joints, beams (including I-joints and I-beams), trusses (including roof and floor trusses), transparent wood composites]. More preferably, the method for obtaining an object is as disclosed in any one of A53 to A54 or in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the object is selected from plywood, densified wood (including chemically densified wood), fiberboard [this term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or chipboard), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, particleboard)], oriented strand board (OSB), laminated timber (glulam; veneer glued timber), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), orthogonal glued timber (CLT), parallel strand glued timber (PSL), strand laminated lumber (LSL), finger joints, beams (including I-joints and I-beams), trusses (including roof and floor trusses), transparent wood composites. Even more preferably, the method for obtaining an object is as disclosed in any one of A53 to A54 or in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the object is selected from plywood, densified wood (including chemically densified wood), fiberboard [this term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or particle board), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, particle board)], oriented strand board (OSB); most preferably, the method for obtaining an object is as disclosed in any one of A53 to A54 or in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the object is selected from fiberboard [this term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or particle board), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, particle board)], oriented strand board (OSB).In particular, the method for obtaining an object is as disclosed in any one of A53 to A54 or in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims, wherein the object is selected from fiberboard [this term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or chipboard), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, chipboard)]. The method for obtaining an object is as disclosed in any one of A53 to A54 or in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims, wherein the object is a low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or chipboard). For example, the method for obtaining an object is as disclosed in any one of A53 to A54 or in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims, wherein the object is a medium-density fiberboard (MDF). For example, the method for obtaining an object is as disclosed in any one of A53 to A54 or as any combination of the disclosure derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the object is a high density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, particle board)]. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A55'.

[0250] Preferably, the method for obtaining an object is as disclosed in any one of A53 to A55 or in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims, wherein the object is selected from sheets, strips, rods, strips, films, cloths, containers, boards, panels, beams, frames, planks, engineered wood. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A56'.

[0251] Preferably, the method of obtaining an object is as disclosed in any one of A53 to A56 or in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims, wherein the object is engineered wood. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A57'.

[0252] Preferably, the method for obtaining an object is as disclosed in any one of A53 to A57 or as any combination of the disclosure derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims, wherein the object is a fiberboard [this term includes low density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or chipboard), medium density fiberboard (MDF) and high density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, chipboard)]. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A58'.

[0253] In one embodiment of the invention there is provided an object obtained by a method as disclosed in any one of A53 to A58 or in any combination of the disclosure derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A59'.

[0254] Preferably, the object as disclosed in A59 or as any combination of the disclosure derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims is selected from sheets, strips, rods, strips, films, cloth, containers, boards, panels, beams, frames, laths, engineered wood [e.g. plywood, densified wood (including chemically densified wood), fiberboard [this term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or chipboard), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, particleboard)], oriented strand board (OSB), laminated timber (glulam; veneer glued timber), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), cross-laminated timber (CLT), parallel strand glued timber (PSL), strand laminated lumber (LSL), finger joints, beams (including I-joints and I-beams), trusses (including roof and floor trusses), transparent wood composites]. More preferably, the object as disclosed in A59 or as any combination of the disclosure derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims is selected from plywood, densified wood (including chemically densified wood), fiberboard [this term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or chipboard), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, particleboard)], oriented strand board (OSB), laminated timber (glulam; veneer glued timber), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), orthogonal glued timber (CLT), parallel strand glued timber (PSL), strand laminated lumber (LSL), finger joints, beams (including I-joints and I-beams), trusses (including roof and floor trusses), transparent wood composites. Even more preferably, the object as disclosed in A59 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims is selected from plywood, densified wood (including chemically densified wood), fiberboard [this term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or particle board), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, particle board)], oriented strand board (OSB). Most preferably, the object as disclosed in A59 or as any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims is selected from fiberboard [this term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or particle board), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, particle board)], oriented strand board (OSB). In particular, the object as disclosed in A59 or as derived from any combination of the disclosure in this section and the entire specification including the claims is a fiberboard [this term includes low-density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or chipboard), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, chipboard)].For example, an object as disclosed in A59 or as derived from any combination of the disclosures in this section and the entire specification including the claims is a low density fiberboard (LDF; also known as particle board or chipboard); for example, the object is a medium density fiberboard (MDF). For example, an object as disclosed in A59 or as derived from any combination of the disclosures in this section and the entire specification including the claims is a high density fiberboard (HDF; also known as waffle board, chipboard)]. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A60'.

[0255] Preferably, the object as disclosed in A59 or as any combination of the disclosure derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims is selected from sheets, strips, rods, strips, films, cloths, containers, boards, panels, beams, frames, planks, engineered wood. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A61'.

[0256] Preferably, the object as disclosed in A59 or as derived in any combination of the disclosure in this section and the entire specification including the claims is engineered wood.The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A62'.

[0257] Preferably, the object as disclosed in A59 or as derived in any combination of the disclosure in this section and the entire specification including the claims is a fibreboard.The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A63'.

[0258] In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided an article comprising: a) a part that is solid at 23°C and 1 atm; and one or both of b) and c), wherein b) is a composition as disclosed in A0 or in any one of A1 to A52 or in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims, and c) is an object (especially engineered wood, more especially fiberboard) as disclosed in any one of A59 to A63 or in any combination of the disclosures derived from this section and throughout the specification including the claims. The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A64'.

[0259] In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided the use of any one or any combination of i) to iii):

[0260] i) a composition as disclosed in A0 or in any of A1 to A52 or as derived from any combination of the disclosures in this section and the entire specification including the claims;

[0261] ii) an object as disclosed in any one of A59 to A63 or in any combination of the disclosure derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims;

[0262] iii) an article as disclosed in A64 or in any combination of the disclosure derived from this section and the entire specification including the claims;

[0263] The use is in absorbents, 3D printing, automotive applications (including but not limited to automotive parts, agricultural machinery, composite structures, ceramic structures), marine applications (including but not limited to ships, boats, parts for ships and boats), aerospace applications (including but not limited to aircraft, helicopters, composite structures, ceramic structures, parts for aircraft, helicopters), medical supplies (including but not limited to artificial joints, meshes, woven or non-woven sheets, tapes, ribbons, bands, cables, tubular products for example for ligament replacement, composite structures, ceramic structures), defense applications (including but not limited to ballistic protection, body armor, bulletproof vests, bulletproof helmets, bulletproof vehicle protection, composite structures, ceramic structures), sports / entertainment in musical applications (including but not limited to toys, fencing, skates, skateboards, snowboards, suspension lines on sports parachutes, paragliders, kites, kite lines for kite sports, climbing equipment, composite structures, ceramic structures), architectural applications (including but not limited to windows, doors, (false) walls, cables), bottling applications, household applications (including but not limited to household appliances, white goods, furniture, computer housings), mechanical applications (including but not limited to can and bottle handling machinery parts, moving parts on looms, bearings, gears, composite structures, ceramic structures, computer housings), can applications, coil applications, energy related applications (including but not limited to wind, tidal or solar generators) and electrical related applications (including but not limited to cabinets for electrical wiring or switchboards). The subject matter of this paragraph is referred to in the specification as 'A65'.

[0264] Further preferences and embodiments of the invention and preferred features thereof are given in the claims and the examples.

[0265] Unless otherwise expressly stated, any features, elements, components, embodiments, ranges, and especially any preferred features, preferred elements, preferred embodiments, preferred ranges, ranges, preferred combinations of preferred items described throughout the specification may be combined with each other. Unless otherwise expressly stated, any features, elements, components, embodiments, ranges, and especially any preferred features, preferred elements, preferred embodiments, preferred ranges, ranges, preferred combinations of embodiments related to any of A0 to A65 disclosed in this section may be combined with each other and with any other features, elements, components, embodiments, ranges, and especially any preferred features, preferred elements, preferred embodiments, preferred ranges, ranges, preferred combinations of embodiments of the invention as disclosed throughout the specification, including the claims. All combinations of minimum and maximum values ​​of the parameters disclosed in this section may be used to define parameter ranges for various preferences and embodiments of the invention disclosed in this section. Unless otherwise expressly stated, any feature, element, component, embodiment, range of the present invention, and in particular any preferred feature, preferred element, preferred embodiment, preferred range, range, preferred item and preferred combination of embodiment, as disclosed in this section, claims and the entire specification, can be combined with each other. For all upper and lower limits of any parameter given in this section, the boundary value is included in each range of each parameter. All combinations of minimum and maximum values ​​of the parameters disclosed in this section can be used to define the parameter ranges of the various preferences and embodiments disclosed in this section.

[0266] Embodiment & Method

[0267] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following non-limiting examples which are given by way of illustration only.

[0268] In the Examples section:

[0269] - the abbreviation "I" (followed by an index number) indicates an embodiment according to the present invention;

[0270] - the abbreviation "C" (followed by an index number) indicates an embodiment not according to the invention;

[0271] “Embodiments of the present invention” in the specification refers to embodiments according to the present invention.

[0272] "Comparative Example" in the specification refers to an example not according to the present invention.

[0273] Unless otherwise stated, all examples presented in this section were conducted in a controlled laboratory environment under standard conditions (defined in the specification), 50±1% relative humidity and air flow of ≤0.1 m / s.

[0274] For any comparison of the internal bond strength and flexural properties between the test specimens of the invention and the comparative test specimens - and in addition to the very solid principles of proper comparison as known to the person skilled in the art - it is emphasized that:

[0275] - the comparative fiberboard and the fiberboard according to the invention were prepared according to the method disclosed in this specification (see §1.3),

[0276] - the thickness of the comparative fiberboard should be within ±10% of the thickness of the corresponding inventive fiberboard,

[0277] - The density of the comparative fiberboard should be within ±10% of the density of the corresponding inventive fiberboard.

[0278] 1.1 Chemicals, Raw Materials and Other Materials Used in Examples

[0279] SEWON (50 wt% L-lysine in water, batch number 181224) was supplied by Daesang and was used as supplied. AgiSyn TM 2867 (supplied by Covestro) is a polymeric XL component containing XL1a groups [propane 20 ethoxylated triacrylate (CAS No.: 28961-43-5) Specific gravity: 1.10-1.15 g / cm at 25°C 3 ; Viscosity: 200-300 mPa.s at 25°C; Mn and WPU determined according to the method disclosed in this specification WPU: 480 g / mol CCDB-XL, Mn: 1460 Da]. AgiSyn TM1010 (supplied by Covestro) is a monomeric XL component containing XL1a groups [bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate (CAS number: 55818-57-0); viscosity: 4000-7000 mPa.s at 60°C; (Mn and WPU determined according to the method disclosed in this specification WPU: 185 g / mol CCDB-XL, Mn: 368.4 Da). Diethylene glycol diacrylate (abbreviated as DEGDA) (supplied by Sigma-Aldrich) is a monomeric XL component containing XL1a groups (Mn and WPU determined according to the method disclosed in this specification Mn=214.2 Da, WPU=107 g / mol CCDB-XL). Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (abbreviated as TMPTA) (supplied by Sigma-Aldrich) is a monomeric XL component containing XL2a groups (Mn and WPU determined according to the method disclosed in this specification Mn=338.4 Da, WPU=113 g / mol CCDB-XL). ε-Polylysine (mentioned as PLL-2 in Table 1) has an M of 21301 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 described in the present specification. n , 22061Da M w and a polydispersity (PD) of 1.04 (=M w / M n ), and an apparent viscosity of 32480 mPa.s as determined by the rheometry described in the specification. ε-Polylysine is a linear polylysine and is not according to the claimed invention. According to the supplier (Bonding Chemical), ε-Polylysine hydrochloride (CAS.: 28211-04-3, mentioned in Table 1 as PLL-3) has a molecular weight of 4130-5776 Da and a pH value of 3.0-5.0 (1 wt % aqueous solution). ε-Polylysine hydrochloride is a linear primary ammonium salt of ε-Polylysine and is not according to the claimed invention. A 2.7 wt % water content, 240 kg / m 3 The fiberboard was prepared from wood chips (used as the fiber component in the examples) having a density of 1.50 mm and a d50 (median value of the particle size distribution of wood chips; according to ISO 17827-1:2016) of 4.5 mm. The other raw materials used in the examples were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich and used as supplied.

[0280] 1.2 Preparation of polylysine components

[0281] 1.2.1 Hyperbranched polylysine 1 (abbreviated as PLL-1)

[0282] Hyperbranched polylysine 1 (PLL-1) was prepared as follows: 6254 g of SEWON Add to a 10-liter glass reactor equipped with a distillation apparatus at room temperature. Subsequently, slowly (over 4 hours) raise the temperature in the reactor to 105°C (slow increase in temperature is necessary to avoid precipitation of unreacted L-lysine in the reactor, which may occur if too much water is distilled off before sufficient reaction conversion). Once the temperature in the reactor reaches 105°C, start distillation of water. Slowly raise the temperature of the reactor to 160°C. When the reaction reaches 130°C, add 2610 g of SEWON Slowly add to the reactor at the same rate as the distilled water. Subsequently, when the temperature reaches 160°C, the temperature is maintained at 160°C for 1 hour. After 1 hour at 160°C, vacuum is slowly applied to 100 mbar until the apparent viscosity of the reactor contents measured by rheometry as disclosed in the specification reaches 1300 mPa.s. Once an apparent viscosity of 1300 mPa.s is achieved, the temperature in the reactor is then reduced to 90°C and water is metered into the reactor to a solid content of 60 ± 1% by weight. The final product - hyperbranched polylysine 1 (PLL-1) - is obtained as a brown solution in water.

[0283] Characterization of hyperbranched polylysine 1 (PLL-1): DB: 0.43 [D = 18.2 (integrated at 4.15-4.40 ppm); Lα = 9.3 (integrated at 3.90-4.10 ppm); Lε = 47.4 (integrated at 3.25-3.30 ppm)], gel content: 0.0%; M n :2250Da,M w :10609Da, polydispersity (PD) (=M w / M n ):4.72, amine value (AN):386 mg KOH / g, acid value (AV):33 mg KOH / g (three ERC peaks were recorded in the titration method), apparent viscosity: 1300 mPa.s.

[0284] 1.3 Preparation of comparative fiberboard and fiberboard of the present invention

[0285] The comparative compositions and the compositions of the invention shown in Table 1 were prepared by initially manually mixing the polylysine component and the XL component in a container for 60 seconds. The fiber component was placed in a planetary mixer without any mixing being performed at this time. Subsequently, the mixture of the polylysine component and the XL component was added to the planetary mixer containing the fiber component over a period of 60 seconds under mixing. Once the addition of the mixture of the polylysine component and the XL component was complete, mixing was then continued for an additional 3 minutes.

[0286] The respective compositions were simultaneously subjected to heat (160° C.) and pressure (50 kg / cm 2 ) by using a suitable hot press (e.g. Fontijne TP800) in such a way as to achieve a pressing time factor of 9 sec / mm. 2 =4903.325 kPa)] (hot pressing) to prepare comparative objects and objects of the present invention, i.e., fiberboards, to form boards (425 cm) of 28 (L) x 34 (W) x 1.2 (T) cm 2 surface area).

[0287] The thickness of all fiberboards prepared and tested was 12 mm ± 10%.

[0288] All fiberboards prepared and tested had a density of 750 kg / m 3 ±10%.

[0289] The weight amounts of the polylysine component shown in Table 1 are calculated based on the solid content of the polylysine component determined by the solid content method as disclosed in the specification; therefore, the reported weight amounts of the polylysine component shown in Table 1 correspond to a solid content of the polylysine component of 100%.

[0290] The weight amounts of the XL components shown in Table 1 are calculated based on the solids content as reported in the corresponding paragraphs in this section of the specification; therefore, the reported weight amounts of the XL components shown in Table 1 correspond to a solids content of the XL components of 100%.

[0291] 1.4M n 、M w Determination of

[0292] 1.4.1 Poly-L-lysine-X M n 、M w Determination of ("Gel Permeation Chromatography-1")

[0293] The number average molecular weight (M n ) and weight average molecular weight (M w) was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) at 40°C at a flow rate of 0.8 mL / min using a set of lysozyme from hen egg white (CAS 12650-88-3; product number L6876; lyophilized powder, protein ≥90%, ≥40,000 units / mg protein; single chain molecular weight 14.3 kDa) and bovine serum albumin (CAS 9048-46-8; product number A2153; lyophilized powder, ≥96%, molecular weight 66 kDa) standards (both provided by Sigma-Aldrich) for calibration and using a solution of 500 mM NaCl and 0.0425 wt% H3PO4 in MilliQ water (the pH of the solution was 2.2) as eluent. 75 mg of sample dissolved in 1.425 ml of eluent was used for measurement; the injection volume was 20 μL. Acquity GPC measurements were performed on an H-Class Bio system equipped with: i) a photodiode array (PDA) detector [Acquity TM UPLC TM (1.5 μL biocompatible pool; measured at 225 nm); by ii) supplied by Agilent equipped with an Agilent Bio-SEC column (7.8 x 300 mm, pore size The separation module is filled with particles with a particle size of 3 μm, product number: 5190-2501). With the help of suitable data processing software (Empower TM 3. By Supply) Determination of M n and M w .

[0294] 1.4.2. M of the members of the XL component n Determination of ("Gel Permeation Chromatography-2")

[0295] The number average molecular weight (M) of the members of the XL component n ) by using a set of molecular weights ranging from 162 to 3.8x10 6The polystyrene standards of Da were calibrated and measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) at 40° C. using stabilized tetrahydrofuran [THF containing 0.007-0.015% w / w butylhydroxytoluene (BHT)] (THF) modified with 0.8 (v / v%) acetic acid at a flow rate of 1 mL / min as eluent. 50 mg of the XL component was dissolved in 5 mL of the eluent at room temperature without shaking for 16 hours and used for the measurement. 40 μL of the solution thus prepared was injected into the system for measurement. GPC measurements were performed on a Waters Alliance system equipped with: i) a Waters Alliance 2414 refractive index detector at 40° C., and ii) a Waters Alliance 2695 separation module (supplied by Agilent) equipped with two consecutive Mixed-C type PL gel columns (I / d=300 / 7.5 mm and filled with particles with a particle size of 20 microns).

[0296] 1.5 Determination of polydispersity (PD)

[0297] The M of members of poly-lysine-X were determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 n and M w Afterwards, the polydispersity PD of the members of poly-lysine-X was calculated according to the following equation:

[0298] PD=M w / M n .

[0299] 1.6 Determination of amine value (AN) and acid value (AV) ("titration method")

[0300] The amine value (AN) and the acid value (AV) were determined by back titration analysis using a titrator 808 Titrando (supplied by Metrohm AG) with a 814 USB sample processor (supplied by Metrohm AG) and two electrodes (one for measuring pH (pH glass electrode supplied by Metrohm AG, product number 6.0150.100) and one for reference electrode (conductivity measuring cell c = 0.8 cm) equipped with a pH meter. -1 , with PtI000 (fixed cable), supplied by MetrohmAG, product number 6.9303.110)), and titrated with 1.000N KOH aqueous solution. The titrant consists of 1.000 g polylysine (sample) (amount refers to solid content), 60.00 mL Millipore Ultra RO water and 10.000 mL 1.000N HCl aqueous solution [supplied by Merck Product No. 1.09057]. Data processing and control operations for all titrations described here were performed using the software Tiamo supplied by Metrohm AG. TM 2.4 Completed.

[0301] The titration curve [pH vs. titrant volume (x-axis)] (abbreviated TC) and the first derivative curve of TC [potential vs. titrant volume (x-axis)] are recorded simultaneously and plotted together in the same graph (pH on the Y1 axis, potential on the Y2 axis, and titrant volume on the X-axis). The first derivative curve of TC is called ERC, which stands for Equivalence point Recognition Criteria and is expressed in units of potential (mV). ERC provides 2 or 3 peaks (ERC peaks) that follow one another. Each of these ERC peaks corresponds to a certain volume of titrant. One of these ERC peaks (usually the peak with the highest signal (delta voltage)) corresponds to the lowest volume (V min ) (in mL), and the other ERC peak corresponds to the highest volume of titrant (V max ) (in mL).

[0302] The amine value (AN) is determined according to the following formula:

[0303] Amine value (mg KOH / g sample) = 56.1*(V max -V min )

[0304] Where V min and V max As explained above.

[0305] The acid value (AV) is determined according to the following formula:

[0306] Acid value (mg KOH / g sample) = 56.1*[V min -[10.00-(V max -V min )]]

[0307] Where V min 、V max As explained above.

[0308] Measurements for determination of AN and AV were performed in duplicate, and the reported values ​​for AN and AV, respectively, are the average of these measurements.

[0309] 1.7 Determination of apparent viscosity ("rheometry")

[0310] The apparent viscosity (shear stress divided by shear rate) was determined using a rotational rheometer Rheolab QC supplied by Anton Paar connected to a water bath controlled at 23.0°C. This method is based on ISO 3219:1993. For this measurement, the appropriate spindle / cup combination and shear rate were selected based on the estimated apparent viscosity. For all our experiments, we used a shear rate of 100 s -1 The Z3 spindle / cup combination is then filled into the cup with the sample (polylysine dissolved in water at 60 ± 1% solids). The spindle is inserted into the cup, the cup is mounted in the viscometer, and the spindle is connected to the instrument. The correct program is selected on the RheolabQC (for all our measurements we selected the program for the Z3 spindle with 100s -1 The shear rate is combined with that of the control) and measured.

[0311] 1.8 Determination of solid content ("solid content method")

[0312] The solid content (weight %) was determined using a Halogen Moisture Analyzer HR73 supplied by Mettler Toledo. For this measurement, 1.00 g of sample (polylysine dissolved in water) was weighed onto a glass fiber mat placed on an aluminum pan and then heated at 140° C. for 30 minutes. The solid content was automatically determined based on the difference in mass before and after heating at 140° C.

[0313] 1.9 Determination of water content (“water content method”)

[0314] The amount of water contained in an entity, such as a composition, or a polylysine component, or a fiber element, or a wood chip, is determined by measuring the amount of water contained in the entity on a Thermo The water content of the solid was determined by drying in a VacuTherm vacuum oven at 120°C under reduced pressure (50 mbar) for 24 hours. The water content of the solid was calculated according to the following equation:

[0315] Water (pph or weight %) = [1-(M2 / M1)] x 100

[0316] in

[0317] M1: The mass of the entity before drying.

[0318] M2: The mass of the dried solid (measured within 5 minutes after taking the sample out of the oven).

[0319] 1.10 Determination of degree of branching

[0320] The branching degree (DB) of polylysine is determined by1 H-NMR spectroscopy was measured and calculated according to Equation 1:

[0321]

[0322] in

[0323] D is equal to or higher than 0, L is equal to or higher than 0, and at least one of D and L is higher than 0; and

[0324] in

[0325] D is a methine proton (shorthand for the proton of a tertiary carbon, shown in bold in formulas D1a and D1b) corresponding to any number of the following groups shown in formulas D1a and D1b that may be present in polylysine: 1 Integration of the H-NMR peak (if no such methine protons are present in polylysine, D is equal to zero):

[0326]

[0327] L is for L α and L ε The sum of

[0328] L α is a methine proton (shorthand for the proton of a tertiary carbon, shown in bold in formulas L1a and L1b) corresponding to any number of any of the following groups shown in formulas L1a and L1b that may be present in polylysine: 1 The integration of the H-NMR peak (if there is no such methine proton in polylysine, then L α is equal to zero):

[0329]

[0330] and

[0331] L ε is a methine proton (shorthand for the proton of the tertiary carbon shown in bold in formulas L2a and L2b) corresponding to any number of the following groups shown in formulas L2a and L2b that may be present in polylysine: 1 The integration of the H-NMR peak (if there is no such methine proton in polylysine, then L ε is equal to zero):

[0332]

[0333] DB is 0 (inclusive) to 1 (inclusive).

[0334] Deuterated methanol (also called tetradeuterated methanol or methanol-d4) was used as solvent in the Bruker AscendTM 400 spectroscopy at room temperature 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. Methanol-d4 is the preferred solvent; however, other suitable deuterated solvents may be used.

[0335] In the case of methanol-d4, 1 The chemical shifts of the H-NMR peaks correspond to:

[0336] D-protons were found at 4.15-4.40 ppm;

[0337] L was found at 3.90-4.10 ppm α - protons; and

[0338] L was found at 3.25-3.30 ppm ε -Proton.

[0339] 1.11 Determination of gel content (“gel content method”)

[0340] The gel content of polylysine was determined as follows:

[0341] A mixture of polylysine in water with a solid content of 10% was prepared and stored at room temperature for 24 hours. Subsequently, a 3000 g amount of the thus prepared mixture (herein the sample) was subjected to a pre-weighing (Mf 之前 ) filter, such as folded qualitative filter paper, to remove any insoluble fractions with an average size of at least 5 microns and higher. Once the filtration is complete, the filter is washed with twice the amount of water as the sample. Subsequently, the filter is placed in a vacuum oven at 40°C and a pressure of 50 mbar for 12 hours to remove any water. Subsequently, the filter is weighed again (Mf 之后 ).

[0342] The gel content was calculated by Equation 2:

[0343]

[0344] in

[0345] Mf 之后 is the mass of the filter after the water has been removed,

[0346] Mf 之前 is the mass of the filter before filtering the sample, and

[0347] M 聚赖氨酸 is the mass of polylysine in the sample (taking into account the solid content of the sample). Thus, in a 3000 g sample with 10% solid content, M 聚赖氨酸 is 30 grams.

[0348] 1.12 Method for measuring the WPU of XL components (abbreviated herein as “ 1 H-NMR method - WPU")

[0349] The WPU of the XL component was prepared by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. More specifically, the WPU of the XL component is calculated according to the following equation A1:

[0350]

[0351] in,

[0352] W pyr is the weight of pyrazine (internal standard),

[0353] W XL组分 is the weight of the XL component,

[0354] W pyr and W XL组分 Expressed in the same units.

[0355] MW pyr is the molecular weight of pyrazine (internal standard) (=80 Da).

[0356] A pyr is the peak area of ​​the methine proton attached to the aromatic ring of pyrazine, and

[0357] N pyr is the number of methine protons in pyrazine, which is equal to 4.

[0358] A C＝C is the peak area of ​​the methine proton (...-CH=...) present in the carbon-carbon double bond portion (...>C=C<...) in the formula associated with the XL component, such as formula XL1 and XL2 (the carbon-carbon double bond portion is abbreviated as CCDB-XL);

[0359] N C＝C is the number of methine protons (...-CH=...) attached to the carbon-carbon double bond portion (...>C=C<...) present in the formula associated with the XL component, such as formula XL1, XL2 (the carbon-carbon double bond portion is abbreviated as CCDB-XL).

[0360] The peak areas of the methine protons of pyrazine and CCDB-XL were determined as follows: 75 mg of a sample of the XL component was diluted in 1 ml of deuterated chloroform containing a known amount (mg) of pyrazine as an internal standard at 25°C. 1 H-NMR spectroscopy analysis. Subsequently, the XL component samples were recorded on a 400 MHz BRUKER NMR spectrometer at 25 °C. 1H-NMR spectrum. Then, the chemical shifts (ppm) of the methine protons of pyrazine and CCDB-XL were determined; the chemical shifts (ppm) of the methine protons of pyrazine and CCDB-XL were about 8.6 and about 6.4-6.9 ppm, respectively. 1 Using commercially available software for H-NMR spectroscopy (e.g., ACD / Spectrus Processor software provided by ACD / Labs), determine the peak areas of the methine protons of pyrazine and CCDB-XL and use these values ​​in equation A1 above to calculate WPU.

[0361] 1.13 Method for measuring the acid value (AV) and hydroxyl value of XL components

[0362] The acid number of the XL component is determined by titration according to ISO 2114-2000.

[0363] The hydroxyl value of the XL component is determined by titration according to ISO 4629-1978.

[0364] 1.14 Methods for determining properties of fiberboard

[0365] 1.14.1 Determination of length (L), width (W) and thickness (T)

[0366] Use a ruler to measure the length (L) of the specimen at 3 different points on the specimen and record the average of these 3 measurements as the width of the specimen.

[0367] Measure the width (W) of the specimen at 3 different points on the specimen using a digital ruler and record the average of these 3 measurements as the width of the specimen.

[0368] Measure the thickness (T) of the specimen at 3 different points on the specimen using a digital ruler and record the average of the 3 measurements as the thickness of the specimen.

[0369] 1.14.2 Determination of density (d)

[0370] The specimens were prepared by cutting the fiberboard prepared in single pieces of 150 mm x 40 mm. The length (L; in m), width (W; in m) and thickness (T; in m) of the specimens and their weight (m; in Kg) were measured as described above.

[0371] The density of the sample (d; in Kg / m 3 The density of the fiberboard is calculated as follows:

[0372] d=M / (L x W x T).

[0373] 1.14.3 Determination of bending properties (static bending method)

[0374] Evaluation of flexural properties was determined by static flexure testing in accordance with ASTM D1037-12, and in particular Section 9 of ASTM D1037-12 (entitled "Static Flexure"), namely i) modulus of rupture (R b ) and ii) apparent elastic modulus (E), which have the following two differences from the provisions of Section 9 of ASTM D1037-12: i) the specimens are prepared by cutting the manufactured panel into two pieces of 150±1 mm x 40±1 mm, and ii) each specimen is placed in a 3-point (center loading) fixture and the length of the span (L) is fixed to 100 mm.

[0375] The corresponding composition was simultaneously subjected to heat (210°C) and pressure (9Kg / cm 2 = = 882.6 kPa) for 5 minutes and then a static bending test was performed on the object. In §9.7 of ASTM D1037-12, the modulus of rupture (R) is defined and calculated according to the following two equations: b ) and apparent elastic modulus (E):

[0376]

[0377]

[0378] in

[0379] b = width of the specimen measured under dry conditions (in mm);

[0380] d = thickness of the specimen measured under dry conditions (in mm);

[0381] ΔP / Δy = slope of the straight line portion of the load-deflection curve (in N / mm);

[0382] P max = maximum load (in N);

[0383] L = span length (in mm);

[0384] R b = modulus of rupture (kPa);

[0385] E = apparent elastic modulus (kPa).

[0386] Static bending tests were performed on a ZMART.PRO 1445 supplied by Zwick / Roell at a constant rate of 3 mm / min and under a load applied to the center of each specimen. The test was continued until the specimen broke, while all force vs. deflection data were recorded. From the resulting data, the modulus of rupture (R) can be calculated according to the equation provided in §9.7 of ASTM D1037-12 and provided above for convenience. b ) and apparent elastic modulus (E).

[0387] 1.14.4 Determination of internal bonding strength

[0388] Evaluation of internal bond strength was determined according to NEN-EN 319:1993.

[0389] 1.15 Results & Discussion

[0390] Table 1 summarizes the internal bonding strength, modulus of rupture (R) of the comparative composition and the composition of the invention and the fiberboards made after rapid curing (pressing time factor equal to 9 sec / mm) at low temperature (160°C) of their corresponding compositions. b ) and apparent elastic modulus (E).

[0391] The abbreviation "DL" shown in Table 1 stands for Delamination (for delamination, see the definition in the section entitled "Detailed Description of the Invention").

[0392] It is evident from the results shown in Table 1 that only the composition of the present invention provides a solution to the technical problem. More specifically, when the composition of the present invention is rapidly cured at 160°C to prepare a fiberboard, the resulting fiberboard has:

[0393] - Internal bonding strength of at least 0.4MPa,

[0394] - A modulus of rupture (R) of at least 10 MPa b ),and

[0395] - an apparent elastic modulus (E) of at least 1700 MPa.

[0396] Each of the comparative compositions C1 to C9 (C5 provides a simulation of the composition of WO 2022 / 096518 A1) caused delamination or they did not meet the requirements of internal bonding strength, R b and all three requirements of E.

[0397] The results shown in Table 1 also demonstrate the criticality and purposefulness of all features of the composition of the invention, and in particular the ranges related to the amount of the polylysine component in the composition and to the range related to the weight ratio K as well as the types of polylysine components and their combinations.

[0398] More specifically, by comparing:

[0399] a) Compositions I1 to I4 of the present invention and comparative compositions C1 and C2 with a weight ratio K outside the claimed range (weight ratio K of C1 is 0.01, weight ratio K of C2 is 1.76), the criticality and purpose of the weight ratio K becomes apparent;

[0400] b) Compositions I5, I2 and I6 of the present invention and comparative compositions C3 and C4 in which the amount of the polylysine component in the composition is outside the claimed range (the amount of the polylysine component in C3 is 0.50% by weight of the composition, and the amount of the polylysine component in C4 is 18.00% by weight of the composition), the criticality and purpose of the amount of the polylysine component in the composition becomes apparent;

[0401] c) Composition I2 of the invention and comparative compositions C6 and C7 (formulated with ε-polylysine and ε-polylysine hydrochloride (which is a linear polylysine and therefore not a hyperbranched polylysine, let alone a hyperbranched polylysine as claimed)), the criticality and purpose of the type of polylysine component in the composition becomes apparent;

[0402] d) Composition I9 of the invention and comparative compositions C8 and C9 (formulated with ε-polylysine and ε-polylysine hydrochloride (which is a linear polylysine and therefore not a hyperbranched polylysine, let alone a hyperbranched polylysine as claimed)), the criticality and purpose of the type of polylysine component in the composition becomes apparent;

[0403] d) For all the inventive compositions and all the comparative compositions, the criticality and purpose of the combination of all the features of the claimed invention becomes apparent, including but not limited to the type of polylysine, the amount and weight ratio of the polylysine component.

[0404] Therefore, only the composition of the present invention provides a solution to the technical problem and by achieving this, the composition of the present invention constitutes a significant technical advance in the field of fiberboards, whereas the compositions of the prior art cause delamination when rapidly cured at low temperatures or they do not satisfy the requirements of internal bond strength, R b and all three requirements of E.

[0405]

Claims

1. A composition comprising ingredient A, wherein ingredient A consists of the following components: - a polylysine component, -XL component, and - fiber components, in The polylysine component is selected from polylysine-X and mixtures thereof, and wherein the polylysine-X is selected from hyperbranched polylysine and primary ammonium salts of hyperbranched polylysine, wherein each polylysine-X has a molecular weight of at least 0.30 and at most 0.60 as disclosed in the specification. 1 a degree of branching determined by H-NMR spectroscopy, an apparent viscosity determined by the rheometry method as disclosed in the description of at least 400 and at most 8000 mPa.s, and a gel content determined by the gel content method as disclosed in the description of at most 4.0%; and The XL component is selected from monomeric compounds or polymeric compounds, each having at least two XL groups per molecule, wherein the XL groups are selected from groups according to formula XL1 and groups according to formula XL2 in In formula XL1, X is O or NH, In Formula XL2, X is O or NH, and R is C1 to C 10 Alkyl, preferably C1 to C4 alkyl, more preferably C1 to C3 alkyl, such as C1 to C2 alkyl, such as methyl, and The fiber component consists of at least one fiber element, the fiber element comprises plant fibers, and wherein the fiber element does not contain any fibers other than plant fibers, and in The composition does not contain any fibers other than plant fibers of the fiber component, and in The ingredient A is present in an amount of at least 10% and at most 100% by weight of the composition, and in The polylysine component is present in an amount of at least 1.0% and at most 15.0% by weight of the composition, and in The weight ratio K, defined as the weight amount of the XL component divided by the weight amount of the polylysine component, is at least 0.05 and at most 1.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the XL group is selected from a group according to formula XL2a, a group according to formula XL2b, a group according to formula XL1a, and a group according to formula XL1b, 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the XL group is selected from a group according to formula XL1.

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the XL group is selected from a group according to formula XL1a and a group according to formula XL1b, 5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the XL group is selected from the group according to formula XL1a 6. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each polylysine-X has an apparent viscosity of at least 400 and at most 4000, such as at least 400 and at most 2500, such as at least 400 and at most 2000 mPa.s.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each poly-lysine-X has: - a number average molecular weight (abbreviated as M) of at least 1100 and at most 10000 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 as disclosed in the description n ), - a weight average molecular weight (abbreviated as M) of at least 3000 and at most 50000 Da as determined by gel permeation chromatography-1 as disclosed in the specification w ), - At least 2 and at most 15 as M w / M n The polydispersity is calculated by the ratio, an apparent viscosity of at least 400 and at most 8000, such as at least 400 and at most 4000, such as at least 400 and at most 2500, such as at least 400 and at most 2000 mPa.s, - an amine value of at least 200 and at most 700 mg KOH / g, determined by titration as disclosed in the description, - an acid value of at least 10 and at most 150 mg KOH / g, determined by titration as disclosed in the description, and - a gel content of at most 3.0%, preferably at most 2.0%, more preferably at most 1.0%, even more preferably at most 0.5% as determined by the Gel Content method as disclosed in the description, most preferably a gel content of 0.0%.

8. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polylysine-X is selected from hyperbranched polylysine.

9. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein ingredient A is present in an amount of at least 20% and at most 100% by weight, more preferably at least 40% and at most 100% by weight, for example at least 60% and at most 100% by weight, for example at least 80% and at most 100% by weight of the composition.

10. A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the polylysine component is present in an amount of at least 3.0 wt% and at most 15.0 wt%, preferably at least 3.0 wt% and at most 12.0 wt%, more preferably at least 3.0 wt% and at most 10 wt% of the composition.

11. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio K is at least 0.05 and at most 0.

5.

12. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight per unsaturation of the XL component is at least 50 and at most 10000, preferably at least 50 and at most 4000, more preferably at least 50 and at most 2000, even more preferably at least 50 and at most 1500, in particular at least 50 and at most 1250 g / mol CCDB-XL, wherein the abbreviation CCDB-XL represents the portion of carbon-carbon double bonds present in the formula associated with the XL group of the XL component.

13. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plant fibres are selected from natural lignocellulosic fibres.

14. A method for obtaining an object, wherein the method comprises the following steps: - Providing a composition according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 13; and - subjecting the composition to heat and / or pressure and / or vacuum, preferably heat and pressure simultaneously, to form the object, and - Collect said objects.

15. An object obtained by the method according to claim 14.

16. The object of claim 15, wherein the object is a fiberboard.

17. An article comprising: a) Parts that are solid at 23°C and 1 atm; and one or both of b) and c), wherein b) is a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, and c) is an object according to any one of claims 15 to 16.

18. Any one or any combination of i) to iii): i) a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13; ii) an object according to any one of claims 15 to 16; iii) the article according to claim 17; Uses in absorbents, 3D printing, automotive applications, marine applications, aerospace applications, medical supplies, defense applications, sports / entertainment applications, construction applications, bottling applications, household applications, machinery applications, can applications, coil applications, energy-related applications and electrical-related applications.

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