Multi-stage ecological self-repairing type saline-alkali soil greening method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of landscaping engineering, in particular to a multi-stage ecological self-repairing type saline-alkali soil greening method which comprises the following steps: spreading compound type soil microcapsules containing a salt absorbing agent, slow-release nutrient elements and an organic matrix on a soil surface layer and a 5-10cm middle layer, laying a soil dressing layer on the compound microcapsule layer, and carrying out multi-stage ecological self-repairing type saline-alkali soil greening. Covering a layer of degradable biological membrane, and fixing the biological membrane by using nails or stones; the method comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of salt-tolerant plants to form an arbor layer, a shrub layer and a ground cover layer, preparing a microbial suspension, uniformly spraying the microbial suspension on rhizosphere areas of the plants by using spraying equipment, then irrigating to help microbial field planting, and carrying out crop rotation every 2-3 years to replace plant varieties with root systems at different depths. Shallow-root plants and deep-root plants are alternately planted to break accumulation of salt in a specific area of soil, the saline-alkali soil is gradually improved through a staged ecological restoration system, the method can dynamically adapt to changes of soil salinity and alkalinity at different stages, and the salt moisture regaining problem is effectively relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of garden greening engineering, and more specifically, to a multi-stage ecological self-repairing saline-alkali land greening method. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land is widely distributed in many regions around the world. Due to its high salt content and alkaline characteristics, the soil has poor permeability and low water utilization rate, making it difficult for plants to survive, which seriously affects the ecological balance of the soil and plant growth. In the field of saline-alkali land greening, many methods have been proposed to improve soil conditions and promote plant survival and growth.

[0003] For example, CN112655306B discloses a saline-alkali land greening method and greening system, which collects terrain information and conducts zoning planning for the greening area, and designs greening layouts for different terrain units in combination with soil salinity and alkali detection results. This method adds soil improvement materials (such as salt-absorbing substances, organic fertilizers, and fine sand, etc.) to different areas, and lays a foreign soil layer to improve soil structure and increase soil nutrients. It also introduces an automatic irrigation system and a soil monitoring system, remotely controls irrigation and drainage through a PLC controller, and dynamically adjusts improvement measures based on the monitored soil salt and alkali content, thereby improving plant survival rates and reducing maintenance costs.

[0004] The technology's automated irrigation and monitoring system can improve the initial survival rate of plants, but it fails to achieve long-term balance and adaptive restoration of the ecosystem. The environment of saline-alkali land is relatively complex, and there are significant differences in soil salinity and plant adaptability. This technology is suitable for initial improvement and does not fully consider the system's self-regulation and multi-stage ecological balance. Existing methods generally lack a slow-release mechanism for nutrient application, resulting in a rapid loss of nutrients, making it difficult to support the long-term healthy growth of plants. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for greening saline-alkali land that is adaptive and long-term stable by using composite microcapsules, degradable biofilms, multi-layer root interactive networks of salt-tolerant plants and dynamically regulated microbial suspensions.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A multi-stage ecological self-repairing saline-alkali land greening method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Spread the composite soil microcapsules containing salt absorbent, slow-release nutrient elements and organic matrix on the soil surface and 5-10 cm middle layer, with a spreading amount of 100-150 grams per square meter; Step 2: Laying a foreign soil layer with a thickness of 5-10 cm on the composite microcapsule layer, and then covering it with a layer of degradable biofilm made of straw fiber, and fixing the biofilm with nails or stones; Step 3, selecting a variety of salt-tolerant plants to form a tree layer, a shrub layer and a ground cover layer, wherein the tree layer is planted at a density of 0.25 plants / square meter, the shrub layer is planted at a density of 1 plant / square meter, and the ground cover layer is planted at a density of 2 plants / square meter; Step 4: prepare a microbial suspension, and use a spraying device to evenly spray the suspension on the rhizosphere area of ​​the plant at a dosage of 100 ml per square meter, followed by irrigation to help the microorganisms colonize; Step 5. Rotate plants with different root depths every 2-3 years, alternating shallow-rooted plants with deep-rooted plants to break up the accumulation of salt in specific areas of the soil.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: the salt absorbing agent in the composite soil microcapsule is calcium chloride, the slow-release nutrient element is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the organic matrix is ​​humus powder. The composite soil microcapsule comprises 30-40 parts of calcium chloride, 20-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers and 30-40 parts of humus powder by weight. The microcapsule automatically expands after contacting soil moisture and slowly releases nutrients to continuously provide them to the soil.

[0008] The present invention is further configured as follows: slow-release fertilizer particles and salt-tolerant microbial strains are embedded in the degradable biofilm so that the biofilm gradually releases nutrients and microorganisms during the degradation process, thereby reducing the frequency of using external fertilizers in saline-alkali land.

[0009] The present invention is further configured as follows: the tree layer includes ash trees with a root system depth greater than 50 cm, The shrub layer includes arborvitae with root systems 20-50 cm deep. The ground cover consists of salt-tolerant herbaceous plants with root systems less than 10 cm deep.

[0010] The present invention is further configured as follows: in step 5, the plant rotation includes replacing some tree and shrub varieties, replacing the ash trees in the tree layer with juniper, replacing the arborvitae in the shrub layer with red-leaf peach, and supplementing microorganisms and slow-release organic matter in the rhizosphere area to maintain the dynamic balance of the soil environment.

[0011] The present invention is further configured as follows: Step 5 also includes regularly monitoring the microbial community status in the rhizosphere of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, so as to spray a microbial flora supplement solution later to maintain microecological balance; Every 2-3 years, composite soil microcapsules are applied to the root zones of trees, shrubs and ground cover plants based on the test results of soil salinity and nutrient levels to maintain a dynamic balance of soil salinity and nutrients in each layer of the rhizosphere.

[0012] The present invention is further configured as follows: the microbial suspension in step 4 contains salt-tolerant actinomycetes per liter - CFU / mL, salt-tolerant mycorrhizal fungi - Spores / mL, Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) - CFU / mL and halophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria - CFU / mL.

[0013] Compared with the shortcomings of the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: Through a phased ecological restoration system, the saline-alkali land has been gradually improved, and it can dynamically adapt to changes in soil salinity at different stages and effectively alleviate the problem of salt resurgence.

[0014] The microcapsules, which contain salt absorbers, slow-release nutrients and an organic matrix, can swell and slowly release nutrients when the soil moisture reaches a certain level, effectively reducing nutrient loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Reference Figure 1 The embodiment is further described: Step 1: Spread composite soil microcapsules Composite soil microcapsules include 30-40 parts of calcium chloride, 20-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers and 30-40 parts of humus powder. Spreading amount: 100-150 grams per square meter.

[0017] Calcium chloride in the composite soil microcapsules acts as a salt absorber, which can effectively absorb and reduce the sodium ion concentration in the soil, reducing the pressure of salinity on plant roots. At the same time, the slow-release nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) provide plants with a stable nutrient supply and promote root growth. Humus powder improves the structure and water retention of the soil and increases soil permeability.

[0018] The composite microcapsules not only achieved the initial reduction of soil salinity, but also created a more suitable soil environment for the long-term growth of plants by slow-release nutrients and organic matter improvement.

[0019] Operation steps: Soil preparation: Use a deep tiller or rotary tiller to plow the surface soil of saline-alkali land to a depth of 5-10 cm to ensure that the soil is loose to facilitate uniform distribution of microcapsules.

[0020] Use a hand-push spreader to evenly spread the composite soil microcapsules on the soil surface and the 5-10 cm deep middle layer. If the area is small, you can use a handheld spreading tool to evenly spread it manually.

[0021] After spreading, use a rotary tiller again to gently mix the microcapsules into the soil so that the microcapsules are evenly distributed between the soil particles in the surface and middle layers.

[0022] Step 2: After spreading the composite soil microcapsules 7-10, lay the guest soil layer and fix the degradable biofilm.

[0023] The degradable biofilm is made of straw fiber, embedded with slow-release fertilizer particles and salt-tolerant microorganisms. Operation steps: Laying the guest soil layer: Use a dump truck or excavator to transport the guest soil to the soil surface after spreading the microcapsules, use a grader or soil shovel to evenly lay a 5-10 cm thick guest soil layer, and then compact the surface. The 5-10 cm thick guest soil layer provides a layer of soil with high nutrition and loose structure, which helps plant seedlings take root; the degradable biofilm is embedded with slow-release fertilizer particles and salt-tolerant microorganisms, which gradually release nutrients during the degradation process and continuously improve the soil surface environment.

[0024] The biofilm laying machine is used to lay the degradable biofilm on the guest soil layer, and then the biofilm is fixed every 50 cm with U-shaped nails, and the nails are gently hammered in with a rubber hammer to prevent the biofilm from being blown away by the wind or shifted due to irrigation. The guest soil layer and the biofilm work together to effectively protect the plant roots from the direct impact of salt, reduce water evaporation and improve the soil's water retention capacity, providing a guarantee for the survival rate of plants.

[0025] Step 3: Wait 2-3 weeks after laying the guest soil layer and biofilm to carry out layered planting of salt-tolerant plants.

[0026] Tree layer: Select ash trees with a root depth greater than 50 cm, and the planting density is 1 tree per 4 square meters (i.e. 0.25 trees / square meter).

[0027] Shrub layer: Select cypresses with a root depth of 20-50 cm and a planting density of 1 plant per square meter.

[0028] Ground cover: Select salt-tolerant herbaceous plants with a root depth of less than 10 cm, and plant them at a density of 2 plants per square meter.

[0029] The tree layer (ash tree) has a deep root system that can absorb water deeply and isolate the salt in the deep layer of the soil; the shrub layer (cypress) is distributed in the middle layer, which helps to balance the water and salt in the middle layer; the ground cover layer (salt-tolerant herbaceous plants) covers the soil surface and reduces water evaporation.

[0030] Operation steps: Use an electric planting drill to dig holes in the soil according to the density requirements (50 cm deep for the tree layer, 20-30 cm deep for the shrub layer, and 10 cm deep for the ground cover layer).

[0031] Place the plant roots in the hole and fill the hole with soil until it is level with the surrounding soil, making sure the roots are completely covered. Use a planting spade to gently compact the planting area, then use a watering bucket or mobile irrigation equipment to irrigate each plant, making sure the roots are firmly integrated with the soil to avoid drying out.

[0032] Layered plant planting forms a multi-level root network, which effectively reduces soil erosion and salt recovery, while improving the system's water-salt balance and stress resistance, giving plants a higher survival rate and stability in saline-alkali land.

[0033] Step 4: After stratification, wait 1-2 days to spray the microbial suspension and irrigate.

[0034] Material formula: Microbial suspension contains: salt-tolerant actinomycetes per liter - CFU / mL, salt-tolerant mycorrhizal fungi - Spores / mL, Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) - CFU / mL and halophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria - CFU / mL.

[0035] The salt-tolerant actinomycetes, mycorrhizal fungi, growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the microbial suspension work together to establish a micro-ecosystem with persistent biological activity in the rhizosphere. Actinomycetes and mycorrhizal fungi help decompose organic matter in the soil and improve the rhizosphere environment, while PGPR and nitrogen-fixing bacteria help plants absorb nutrients more efficiently.

[0036] Operation steps: Add the microbial suspension to a backpack or trailer sprayer and spray evenly on the rhizosphere of the plant. The spraying volume is controlled to 100 ml per square meter to ensure that each plant root zone has sufficient microbial colonization. After spraying the suspension, immediately irrigate with a drip irrigation system, applying 5-10 liters of water per square meter to help the microbial suspension penetrate into the rhizosphere soil and promote microbial colonization. The rhizosphere micro-ecosystem significantly enhances the plant's nutrient absorption and salt-alkali resistance, reduces dependence on external fertilizers, and helps maintain the ecological stability of saline-alkali soil and the long-term healthy growth of plants.

[0037] The following is the stage detection table:

[0038] As shown in the above data, in 2 months: the soil salinity dropped from the initial 8.2 to 7.95, and the colonization of microorganisms and the slow release of salt absorbers began to have a preliminary impact on the salinity.

[0039] 4-6 months: With the continuous action of the microbial suspension, the pH gradually decreases to 7.7, indicating that the soil salinity is gradually adjusted to a range suitable for plant growth.

[0040] Step 5: Crop rotation and ecological feedback monitoring Crop rotation is carried out every 2-3 years, with ash trees replaced by juniper in the tree layer and arborvitae replaced by red-leaf peach in the shrub layer. Rotating different salt-tolerant plants can avoid salt accumulation caused by long-term planting of a single plant, and regulate soil nutrient balance by supplementing microorganisms and slow-release organic matter.

[0041] Operation steps: During the crop rotation cycle, use a transplanting shovel or planting machine to replace the tree and shrub species that need to be replaced, and cover the soil around the roots of the new plants with microorganisms and slow-release organic matter to maintain ecological balance.

[0042] Use a portable soil tester to test soil salinity, moisture and nutrient levels every six months, collect samples and analyze the microbial community in the laboratory to determine whether it is necessary to increase microorganisms or supplement with composite microcapsules.

[0043] According to the results of soil monitoring, composite microcapsules or microbial suspensions are reapplied to the root zones of trees, shrubs and ground cover plants every 2-3 years, and the application amount and frequency are adjusted to ensure the dynamic balance of soil salinity and nutrients in the rhizosphere. Through soil testing and feedback regulation, plants at different levels are ensured to adapt to the dynamic changes in soil salinity and alkalinity, further optimizing the growth environment of plants.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Common changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage ecological self-repairing saline-alkali land greening method, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Spread the composite soil microcapsules containing salt absorbent, slow-release nutrient elements and organic matrix on the soil surface and 5-10 cm middle layer, with a spreading amount of 100-150 grams per square meter; Step 2: Laying a foreign soil layer with a thickness of 5-10 cm on the composite microcapsule layer, and then covering it with a layer of degradable biofilm made of straw fiber, and fixing the biofilm with nails or stones; Step 3, selecting a variety of salt-tolerant plants to form a tree layer, a shrub layer and a ground cover layer, wherein the tree layer is planted at a density of 0.25 plants / square meter, the shrub layer is planted at a density of 1 plant / square meter, and the ground cover layer is planted at a density of 2 plants / square meter; Step 4: prepare a microbial suspension, and use a spraying device to evenly spray the microbial suspension on the rhizosphere area of ​​the plant at a dosage of 100 ml per square meter, followed by irrigation to help the microorganisms colonize; Step 5. Rotate plants with different root depths every 2-3 years, alternating shallow-rooted plants with deep-rooted plants to break up the accumulation of salt in specific areas of the soil.

2. A multi-stage ecological self-repairing saline-alkali land greening method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salt absorbent in the composite soil microcapsule is calcium chloride, the slow-release nutrient element is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the organic matrix is ​​humus powder. The composite soil microcapsule comprises 30-40 parts of calcium chloride, 20-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers and 30-40 parts of humus powder by weight. The microcapsule automatically expands after contacting soil moisture and slowly releases nutrients to continuously provide them to the soil.

3. A multi-stage ecological self-repairing saline-alkali land greening method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The degradable biofilm is embedded with slow-release fertilizer particles and salt-tolerant microbial strains, so that the biofilm gradually releases nutrients and microorganisms during the degradation process, thereby reducing the frequency of using external fertilizers in saline-alkali land.

4. A multi-stage ecological self-repairing saline-alkali land greening method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tree layer includes ash trees with a root system depth greater than 50 cm. The shrub layer includes arborvitae with root systems 20-50 cm deep. The ground cover consists of salt-tolerant herbaceous plants with root systems less than 10 cm deep.

5. A multi-stage ecological self-repairing saline-alkali land greening method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plant rotation in step 5 includes replacing some tree and shrub species, replacing the ash trees in the tree layer with juniper, replacing the arborvitae in the shrub layer with red-leaf peach, and supplementing microorganisms and slow-release organic matter in the rhizosphere area to maintain the dynamic balance of the soil environment.

6. A multi-stage ecological self-repairing saline-alkali land greening method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step 5 also includes regularly monitoring the microbial community status in the rhizosphere of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants so as to spray microbial flora supplement solution later to maintain microecological balance; Every 2-3 years, composite soil microcapsules are applied to the root zones of trees, shrubs and ground cover plants based on the test results of soil salinity and nutrient levels to maintain a dynamic balance of soil salinity and nutrients in each layer of the rhizosphere.

7. A multi-stage ecological self-repairing saline-alkali land greening method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial suspension in step 4 contains salt-tolerant actinomycetes per liter. - CFU / mL, salt-tolerant mycorrhizal fungi - Spores / mL, Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) - CFU / mL and halophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria - CFU / mL.

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