Machine tool protective cover and precision machine tool

Abstract

The machine tool protective cover comprises a machine tool body, the machine tool body is slidably connected with a sliding table, and the sliding table is movably arranged in the Y direction of the machine tool body. A workbench is slidably connected to the top face of the sliding table and moves in the X direction of the sliding table. The sliding table is connected with a Y-direction protective cover, and the Y-direction protective cover is arranged in a telescopic mode in the Y direction of the sliding table. The workbench is connected with an X-direction protective cover, and the X-direction protective cover is telescopically arranged in the X direction of the workbench. The X-direction protective cover and the Y-direction protective cover are arranged to protect a lead screw, a guide rail and other driving mechanisms of the machine tool, invasion of dirt such as cutting and greasy dirt is avoided, the lead screw, the guide rail and other driving mechanisms of the machine tool are prevented from being affected, the working state of the machine tool is ensured, the machining precision is ensured, and the service life of the machine tool is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tools, and in particular relates to a machine tool protective cover and a precision machine tool. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of precision machining technology, the requirements for protection systems in machine tools during high-speed and high-precision machining are increasing. Traditional machine tool protective covers are mainly used to isolate chips, coolant splashes and external pollutants generated by machining. Precision machine tools have high requirements for the working environment, and drive components such as screws and guide rails should not be maintained at a certain temperature, humidity and cleanliness.

[0003] However, the existing protective structure has deficiencies in dynamic sealing. When the slide and worktable move in multiple directions, conventional telescopic protective covers cannot isolate external dust, moisture and other pollutants that may have adverse effects on the transmission components, affecting the processing quality and accelerating equipment wear. In addition, the processing accuracy of precision machine tools is very sensitive to vibration. Vibration can cause relative displacement between the tool and the workpiece of the machine tool. Vibration will affect the processing size and geometric accuracy, and cannot meet the needs of precision processing.

[0004] Therefore, the above problems need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a machine tool protective cover and a precision machine tool, and provides a sealed protective cover to achieve full sealed protection of the machine tool drive components, isolate the drive components from the outside world, provide a stable processing environment, avoid affecting the processing accuracy, reduce machine tool wear, and extend the life of the machine tool. In addition, a liquid is set in the sealed cavity on the lower side of the workbench to absorb and dissipate the vibration energy generated during the processing, playing a shock-absorbing role.

[0006] Technical solution: In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a machine tool protective cover, including a bed, the bed is slidably connected to a slide, and the slide is arranged to move along the Y direction of the bed. A workbench is slidably connected to the top surface of the slide, and the workbench is arranged to move along the X direction of the slide. The slide is connected to a Y-direction protective cover, and the Y-direction protective cover is retractably arranged along the Y direction of the slide. The workbench is connected to an X-direction protective cover, and the X-direction protective cover is retractably arranged along the X direction of the workbench. The X-direction, Y-direction and Z-direction described in the present invention all follow a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The present invention arranges a slide movable along the Y direction on the bed, and connects a workbench movable along the X direction to the top surface of the slide, so as to realize the flexibility of the workbench in the horizontal plane, and arranges an X-direction protective cover and a Y-direction protective cover to protect the drive mechanisms such as the lead screw and guide rails of the machine tool, avoid the intrusion of dirt such as cutting and oil, and avoid the drive mechanisms such as the lead screw and guide rails of the machine tool being affected, so as to ensure the working state of the machine tool, ensure the processing accuracy, and extend the service life of the machine tool.

[0007] Furthermore, the above-mentioned machine tool protective cover, the Y-direction protective cover is configured as a multi-section protective cover respectively connected to the front and rear ends of the slide, and the multi-section protective cover includes a first connecting section, a first middle section and a first tail end. The first connecting section, the first middle section and the first tail end are sequentially sleeved. The cross-sections of the first connecting section, the first middle section and the first tail end are configured as a gradually decreasing U-shape. The Y-direction protective cover is configured to sleeve the first connecting section, the first middle section and the first tail end in sequence to meet the telescopic requirements of the Y-direction protective cover, and the U-shaped protective cover will form all-round protection for driving components such as screw rods and guide rails to prevent dirt from intruding, ensure the working environment of the machine tool, ensure the machining accuracy of the machine tool, and increase the service life of the machine tool.

[0008] Furthermore, the above-mentioned machine tool protective cover, the X-direction protective cover includes an X-upward multi-segment protective cover and an X-downward protective cover respectively connected to the left and right ends of the workbench, and the openings of the X-upward multi-segment protective cover and the X-downward protective cover are relatively connected. The X-upward multi-segment protective cover includes a second upper connecting section, a second upper middle section and a second upper tail section. The second upper connecting section is connected to the workbench, and the two second upper connecting sections are respectively sleeved on the two ends of the second upper middle section, and the second upper connecting section and the second upper tail section are sleeved. The X-downward protective cover is connected to the slide to form a closed cavity with an opening upward. The X-direction protective cover is set as an X-upward multi-segment protective cover and an X-downward protective cover, and the X-upward multi-segment protective cover can slide along the X-downward protective cover to form an all-round protection for the machine tool drive components, avoid the intrusion of dirt, ensure the working environment of the machine tool, ensure the processing accuracy of the machine tool, and improve the service life of the machine tool.

[0009] Furthermore, the above-mentioned machine tool protective cover has slide plates connected to the front and rear sides of the slide respectively. The second upper connecting section and the second upper tail section can be slidably connected to the slide plate, the second upper tail section can be slidably and sealedly connected to the slide plate, the second upper middle section is respectively sealedly connected to the slide plate and the workbench, and the X-direction downward protective cover is sealedly connected to the slide plate. The slide plate, the workbench, the slide plate and the X-direction protective cover form a sealed cavity. The second upper connecting section and the second upper tail section are slidably connected to the slide plate, and the slide plate provides support to ensure the stability of the second upper connecting section and the second upper tail section during movement.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned machine tool protective cover, the interconnected end of the second upper connecting section and the second upper tail section is provided with a dynamic sealing mechanism, the dynamic sealing mechanism comprises a first sealing fixing block, and the groove provided in the first sealing fixing block is connected with a sealing body. The dynamic sealing mechanism ensures the sealing of the connecting part of the second upper connecting section and the second upper tail section, isolates external dust, moisture, etc., ensures the stability of the operating environment of the driving component, ensures the processing quality, and ensures the processing accuracy.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned machine tool protective cover, the sealing body includes a first sealing strip, and an elastic element disposed between the first sealing strip and the first sealing fixing block, and the elastic element squeezes the first sealing strip against the surface of the X-axis protective cover to form a seal. The elastic element pushes the first sealing strip so that the first sealing strip is closely attached to the surface of the protective cover, ensuring that the X-axis protective cover is always in a sealed state during the operation of the machine tool, thereby ensuring the sealing effect.

[0012] Furthermore, the machine tool protective cover is provided with a second sealing strip at the connection between the X-downward protective cover and the slide, and the connection between the X-downward protective cover and the slide is folded outward to form a folded edge, and the second sealing strip is clamped at the folded edge provided on the X-downward protective cover. The second sealing strip is arranged around the slide, and the X-downward protective cover and the slide are sealed. The second sealing strip is clamped at the folded edge to ensure the connection strength of the second sealing strip, so that the X-downward protective cover and the slide are in a sealed state.

[0013] Furthermore, the above-mentioned machine tool protective cover, the lower end openings of the second upper connecting section and the second upper tail section are respectively provided with hooks, the hooks are connected with the third sealing strip, the third sealing strip provided on the second upper tail section is sealingly and slidingly connected to the slide plate, the third sealing strip provided on the second upper connecting section is slidingly and sealingly connected to the X-down protective cover, the third sealing strip is slidingly and sealingly connected to the X-down protective cover, and the third sealing strip is sealingly connected to the first sealing strip. The slide, the workbench and the X-direction protective cover form a closed cavity. The third sealing strips provided on the second upper connecting section and the second upper tail section are slidably and sealingly connected to each other. The slide, the workbench and the X-direction protective cover form a closed cavity, and the drive components such as the lead screw and guide rail connected between the slide and the workbench are in the closed cavity, which can ensure the stability of the operating environment of the drive components, ensure the processing quality, and ensure the processing accuracy.

[0014] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a precision machine tool, including the above-mentioned machine tool protective cover, the bed driving connected to the processing spindle, the processing spindle processes the workpiece installed on the workbench. The slide is driven and connected to the Y-direction drive device, and the workbench is driven and connected to the X-direction drive device. The Y-direction drive device drives the slide to reciprocate along the Y direction, and the X-direction drive device drives the workbench to reciprocate along the X direction. The processing spindle 11 is driven and connected to the Z-direction drive device, and the Z-direction drive device drives the processing spindle 11 to reciprocate along the Z direction. A fluid is provided in the closed cavity formed by the slide, the workbench and the X-direction protective cover. Fluid is injected into the closed cavity between the slide and the workbench. During the processing, the vibration of the workpiece is transmitted to the workbench, and the workbench is transmitted to the guide rails, screws and other driving components. The vibration energy of the workbench, guide rails and screws and other driving components is dissipated into the fluid, and the fluid plays a damping role, reducing the vibration of the workbench and the workpiece fixed to the workbench, and improving the processing accuracy.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned machine tool protective cover, the fluid is set as a magnetic fluid, the bottom surface of the worktable and the top surface of the slide, as well as the X-upward multi-stage protective cover and the X-downward protective cover are respectively provided with magnetic poles, the bottom surface of the worktable and the top surface of the slide have opposite magnetic poles, the bottom surface of the worktable and the X-upward multi-stage protective cover have the same magnetic poles, and the slide and the X-downward protective cover have the same magnetic poles. The magnetic poles confine the fluid in the closed cavity formed by the slide, the worktable and the X-direction protective cover. The magnetic poles constrain the magnetic fluid so that the magnetic fluid is between the magnetic poles of the bottom surface of the worktable and the top surface of the slide, thereby preventing leakage of the fluid during machine tool processing.

[0016] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the machine tool protective cover and precision machine tool of the present invention are provided with an X-axis protective cover and a Y-axis protective cover to protect the machine tool's lead screw, guide rail and other driving mechanisms, avoid the intrusion of dirt such as cutting and oil, avoid the machine tool's lead screw and guide rail and other driving mechanisms being affected, ensure the working state of the machine tool, ensure the processing accuracy, and extend the service life of the machine tool. Fluid is injected into the closed cavity between the slide and the workbench, and the vibration energy of the driving components such as the workbench, guide rail and lead screw is dissipated into the fluid, and the fluid plays a damping role, reducing the vibration of the workbench and the workpiece fixed to the workbench, and improving the processing accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a machine tool protective cover and a precision machine tool of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the interior of the machine tool protective cover; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the machine tool protective cover; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the protective cover in the X direction; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of Figure 6 It is a side view of the machine tool protective cover.

[0018] In the figure: 1. bed, 11. machining spindle, 21. slide, 22. workbench, 24. hook, 25. third sealing strip, 3. Y-direction protective cover, 31. first connecting section, 32. first middle section, 33. first tail end, 4. X-direction protective cover, 41. second upper connecting section, 42. second upper middle section, 43. second upper tail section, 44. X-down protective cover, 45. slide plate, 451. second sealing strip, 51. first sealing fixing block, 52. sealing body, 521. first sealing strip, 522. elastic element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Example 1 like Figure 1-2A machine tool protective cover as shown includes a machine tool bed 1. A slide table 21 is slidably connected to the machine tool bed 1 and is arranged to move along the Y direction of the machine tool bed 1. A workbench 22 is slidably connected to the top surface of the slide table 21 and is arranged to move along the X direction of the slide table 21. The slide table 21 is connected with a Y-direction protective cover 3, and the Y-direction protective cover 3 is arranged to be telescopic along the Y direction of the slide table 21. The workbench 22 is connected with an X-direction protective cover 4, and the X-direction protective cover 4 is arranged to be telescopic along the X direction of the workbench 22. In the present invention, the X direction and the Y direction both follow the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The Y-direction protective cover 3 is provided as multiple sections of protective covers respectively connected to the front and rear ends of the slide table 21. The multiple sections of protective covers include a first connection section 31, a first middle section 32, and a first tail section 33. The first connection section 31, the first middle section 32, and the first tail section 33 are sleeved in sequence. The cross-sections of the first connection section 31, the first middle section 32, and the first tail section 33 are provided as a gradually decreasing square frame shape with a hole in the middle.

[0020] As Figure 3 For the machine tool protective cover and the precision machine tool as shown, the X-direction protective cover 4 includes multiple upper X-direction protective covers and a lower X-direction protective cover 44 respectively connected to the left and right ends of the workbench 22. The multiple upper X-direction protective covers and the lower X-direction protective cover 44 are connected with their openings facing each other. The multiple upper X-direction protective covers include a second upper connection section 41, a second upper middle section 42, and a second upper tail section 43. The second upper connection section 41 is connected to the workbench 22. The two second upper connection sections 41 are respectively sleeved at both ends of the second upper middle section 42, and the second upper connection section 41 and the second upper tail section 43 are sleeved. The lower X-direction protective cover 44 is connected to the slide table 21 to form an enclosed cavity with an upward opening. Slide plates 45 are respectively connected to the front and rear sides of the slide table 21. The second upper connection section 41 and the second upper tail section 43 are slidably connected to the slide plates 45, the second upper tail section 43 is slidably and sealingly connected to the slide plates 45, the second upper middle section 42 is respectively sealingly connected to the slide table 21 and the workbench 22, and the lower X-direction protective cover 44 is sealingly connected to the slide plates 45. The slide table 21, the workbench 22, the slide plates 45, and the X-direction protective cover 4 form a sealed cavity. The second upper connection section 41 and the second upper tail section 43 are slidably connected to the slide plates 45, and the slide plates 45 provide support to ensure the smoothness of the movement process of the second upper connection section 41 and the second upper tail section 43.

[0021] As Figure 4-5The machine tool protective cover and precision machine tool shown in the figure are provided with a dynamic sealing mechanism at the interconnected ends of the second upper connecting section 41 and the second upper tail section 43, and the dynamic sealing mechanism includes a first sealing fixing block 51, and a sealing body 52 is connected in a groove provided in the first sealing fixing block 51. The sealing body 52 includes a first sealing strip 521, and an elastic element 522 provided between the first sealing strip 521 and the first sealing fixing block 51, and the elastic element 522 squeezes the first sealing strip 521 on the surface of the X-direction protective cover 4 to form a seal. A second sealing strip 451 is provided at the connection between the X-downward protective cover 44 and the slide 21, and the connection part between the X-downward protective cover 44 and the slide 21 is folded outward to form a folded edge, and the second sealing strip 451 is clamped at the folded edge provided on the X-downward protective cover 44. The second sealing strip 451 is arranged around the slide 21, and the X-downward protective cover 44 and the slide 21 are sealed and connected.

[0022] like Figure 6 The machine tool protective cover and precision machine tool shown in the figure have hooks 24 at the lower openings of the second upper connecting section 41 and the second upper tail section 43, respectively, and the hooks 24 are connected to the third sealing strip 25, the third sealing strip 25 provided on the second upper tail section 43 is sealingly and slidably connected to the slide plate 45, the third sealing strip 25 provided on the second upper connecting section 41 is slidingly and sealingly connected to the X-downward protective cover 44, the third sealing strip 25 is slidingly and sealingly connected to the X-downward protective cover 44, and the third sealing strip 25 is sealingly connected to the first sealing strip 521. The slide 21, the workbench 22 and the X-direction protective cover 4 form a closed cavity. The third sealing strips 25 provided on the second upper connecting section 41 and the second upper tail section 43 are slidably and sealingly connected to each other.

[0023] Example 2 This embodiment provides a precision machine tool, such as Figure 1 A machine tool protective cover shown includes the above-mentioned machine tool protective cover, the bed 1 is driven to connect the processing spindle 11, and the processing spindle 11 processes the workpiece mounted on the workbench 22. The slide 21 is driven to connect with a Y-direction drive device, and the workbench 22 is driven to connect with an X-direction drive device. The Y-direction drive device drives the slide 21 to reciprocate along the Y direction, and the X-direction drive device drives the workbench 22 to reciprocate along the X direction. The processing spindle 11 is driven to connect with the Z-direction drive device, and the Z-direction drive device drives the processing spindle 11 to reciprocate along the Z direction. A fluid is provided in the closed cavity formed by the slide 21, the workbench 22 and the X-direction protective cover 4. The fluid is filled in the closed cavity between the slide and the workbench. During the processing, the vibration of the workpiece is transmitted to the workbench, and the workbench is transmitted to the guide rails, screws and other driving components. The vibration energy of the drive components such as the workbench, guide rails and screws is dissipated into the fluid, and the fluid plays a damping role, reducing the vibration of the workbench and the workpiece fixed to the workbench, and improving the processing accuracy.

[0024] The fluid 6 is set as a magnetic fluid, and the bottom surface of the workbench 22 and the top surface of the slide 21, as well as the X-upward multi-stage protective cover and the X-downward protective cover are respectively provided with magnetic poles, the bottom surface of the workbench 22 and the top surface of the slide 21 have opposite magnetic poles, the bottom surface of the workbench 22 and the X-upward multi-stage protective cover have the same magnetic poles, and the slide 21 and the X-downward protective cover have the same magnetic poles. Magnetic lines of force are formed between the magnetic poles set on the bottom surface of the workbench 22 and the X-upward multi-stage protective cover, and the magnetic poles of the slide 21 and the X-downward protective cover, and the magnetic particles in the magnetic fluid will be arranged along the magnetic lines of force. The magnetic poles confine the fluid in the closed cavity formed by the slide 21, the workbench 22 and the X-direction protective cover 4. The magnetic poles constrain the magnetic fluid, so that the magnetic fluid is between the magnetic poles on the bottom surface of the workbench 22 and the top surface of the slide 21, to prevent leakage of the fluid during machine tool processing.

[0025] The above embodiments are exemplary, and their purpose is to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention so that people familiar with this field can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machine tool protective cover, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bed (1), wherein the bed (1) is slidably connected to a slide table (21), and the slide table (21) is arranged to move along the bed (1) in the Y direction; the top surface of the slide table (21) is slidably connected to a workbench (22), and the workbench (22) is arranged to move along the slide table (21) in the X direction; the slide table (21) is connected to a Y-direction protective cover (3), and the Y-direction protective cover (3) is arranged to be telescopic along the slide table (21) in the Y direction; and the workbench (22) is connected to an X-direction protective cover (4), and the X-direction protective cover (4) is arranged to be telescopic along the workbench (22) in the X direction.

2. The machine tool protective cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Y-direction protective cover (3) is configured as a multi-section protective cover respectively connected to the front and rear ends of the slide table (21), the multi-section protective cover comprising a first connecting section (31), a first middle section (32) and a first tail end (33); the first connecting section (31), the first middle section (32) and the first tail end (33) are sleeved in sequence; and the cross-sections of the first connecting section (31), the first middle section (32) and the first tail end (33) are configured as a gradually decreasing U-shaped cross-section.

3. The machine tool protective cover according to claim 2, characterized in that: The X-direction protective cover (4) comprises an X-upward multi-segment protective cover and an X-downward protective cover (44) respectively connected to the left and right ends of the workbench (22), and the openings of the X-upward multi-segment protective cover and the X-downward protective cover (44) are relatively connected; the X-upward multi-segment protective cover comprises a second upper connecting section (41), a second upper middle section (42) and a second upper tail section (43); the second upper connecting section (41) is connected to the workbench (22), the two second upper connecting sections (41) are respectively sleeved at the two ends of the second upper middle section (42), and the second upper connecting section (41) and the second upper tail section (43) are sleeved; the X-downward protective cover (44) is connected to the slide table (21) to form a closed cavity with an opening upward.

4. The machine tool protective cover according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front and rear sides of the slide table (21) are respectively connected to a slide plate (45); the second upper connecting section (41) and the second upper tail section (43) are slidably connected to the slide plate (45); the second upper tail section (43) and the slide plate (45) are sealingly slidably connected; the second upper middle section (42) is respectively sealedly connected to the slide table (21) and the workbench (22); the X-direction downward protective cover (44) is sealingly connected to the slide plate (45); the slide table (21), the workbench (22), the slide plate (45) and the X-direction protective cover (4) form a sealed cavity.

5. The machine tool protective cover according to claim 4, characterized in that: A dynamic sealing mechanism is provided at the interconnected end of the second upper connecting section (41) and the second upper tail section (43), wherein the dynamic sealing mechanism comprises a first sealing fixing block (51), wherein a sealing body (52) is connected to a groove provided in the first sealing fixing block (51).

6. The machine tool protective cover according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sealing body (52) comprises a first sealing strip (521) and an elastic element (522) provided between the first sealing strip (521) and the first sealing fixing block (51), wherein the elastic element (522) presses the first sealing strip (521) against the surface of the X-direction protective cover (4) to form a seal.

7. The machine tool protective cover according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second sealing strip (451) is provided at the connection between the X-downward protective cover (44) and the slide (21); the connection between the X-downward protective cover (44) and the slide (21) is folded outward to form a folded edge, and the second sealing strip (451) is clamped at the folded edge provided on the X-downward protective cover (44); the second sealing strip (451) is arranged around the slide (21), and the X-downward protective cover (44) and the slide (21) are sealed and connected.

8. The machine tool protective cover according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower end openings of the second upper connecting section (41) and the second upper tail section (43) are respectively provided with hooks (24), the hooks (24) being connected to a third sealing strip (25), the third sealing strip (25) provided on the second upper tail section (43) being sealingly slidably connected to the slide plate (45), the third sealing strip (25) provided on the second upper connecting section (41) being slidingly and sealingly connected to the X-direction protective cover (44), the third sealing strip (25) being sealingly connected to the first sealing strip (521); the slide table (21), the workbench (22) and the X-direction protective cover (4) forming a closed cavity.

9. A precision machine tool, characterized in that: The machine tool protective cover comprises the machine tool protective cover according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the bed (1) is driven and connected to a machining spindle (11), the machining spindle (11) processes a workpiece mounted on a worktable (22), and a fluid is provided in a closed cavity formed by the slide (21), the worktable (22) and the X-axis protective cover (4).

10. The precision machine tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fluid (6) is set as a magnetic fluid, and the bottom surface of the workbench (22) and the top surface of the slide (21), as well as the X-upward multi-stage protective cover and the X-downward protective cover are respectively provided with magnetic poles. The magnetic poles of the bottom surface of the workbench (22) and the top surface of the slide (21) are opposite, the magnetic poles of the bottom surface of the workbench (22) and the X-upward multi-stage protective cover are the same, and the magnetic poles of the slide (21) and the X-downward protective cover are the same; the magnetic poles confine the fluid in a closed cavity formed by the slide (21), the workbench (22) and the X-direction protective cover (4).

Images