Multi-media ecological treatment system and method for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude and arid regions

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically a multi-media ecological treatment system and method for rural domestic sewage in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions. It includes a wastewater collection tank, a multi-point inlet / outlet device, and a multi-media ecological purification pipe. The multi-media ecological purification pipe is connected to the wastewater collection tank, with yellow iris planted on the upper layer. This plant has strong cold resistance and can adsorb total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in grey water. The middle layer is a primary purification layer filled with iron-carbon microelectronic composite material. The arrangement of the primary purification layer, nitrification reaction layer, biological phosphorus removal layer, and denitrification reaction layer sequentially achieves suspended particulate matter filtration, phosphorus removal, and nitrogen removal. Its functional structure is clear and simple. The iron-carbon microelectronic composite material filling in the middle layer improves the removal rate of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). The lower purification pipe is placed below the permafrost layer. In winter, the upper layer freezes to form an insulation layer, while the lower layer can operate normally, adapting to the treatment of domestic sewage in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically a multi-media ecological treatment system and method for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions. Background Technology

[0002] In recent decades, water scarcity has become an increasingly serious problem. Ecological wastewater treatment technology is inexpensive and easy to maintain, making it one of the mainstream processes for domestic wastewater treatment, especially suitable for promotion in rural areas. However, in practice, the urbanization rate in my country's high-altitude and arid regions is low, with numerous small towns scattered across the country and a lack of wastewater treatment facilities. Affected by low-temperature stress, ecological wastewater treatment technologies such as constructed wetlands have short operating cycles in cold regions, and may even be unable to operate in winter, thus limiting the widespread application of this technology. Therefore, ensuring the normal operation of wastewater treatment in high-altitude and arid regions is a crucial issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Traditional wastewater treatment technologies treat wastewater from different sources together.

[0003] However, the above technologies often have the following drawbacks: the treatment of mixed wastewater increases the energy consumption and operating costs of wastewater treatment, and it cannot recover nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater. In contrast, source separation wastewater treatment methods are gradually being promoted, which classify domestic water into black water, grey water, and yellow water at the source, and then collect, treat, and recycle them differently, thereby reducing energy consumption, simplifying water treatment, and fully recovering nutrients from the wastewater.

[0004] Compared to chemical and physical technologies, biological and ecological treatment technologies perform better. Common biological treatment systems include sequencing batch reactors, membrane bioreactors, and biological aeration filters. These methods are effective in removing nitrogen and phosphorus, offer flexible operation, and provide stable results. However, they require high levels of automation, consume a lot of energy, require frequent maintenance, and involve high infrastructure investment, thus limiting their adoption in economically underdeveloped countries or regions.

[0005] Ecological methods are nature-based approaches. Because they primarily use natural media such as soil and plants, they are subject to climatic conditions. For example, constructed wetlands located in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions may face many survival challenges. In these regions, the continuous circulation of plants, nutrients, and water, tailored to local conditions, is considered essential for the sustainable operation of constructed wetland systems. Under low-temperature conditions, most plants in ecological installations will die, microbial activity will decrease, and the removal efficiency of organic matter and suspended solids will be limited. Simultaneously, low winter temperatures hinder normal plant growth, leading to changes in biomass and nutrient requirements, thus reducing the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus. Under low-temperature conditions, microbial metabolism is affected, with a decrease in both quantity and activity. Denitrifying microorganisms are particularly affected by low temperatures. Studies have shown that nitrification tends to cease below 4°C, and since nitrification is a key step in nitrogen removal, the nitrogen removal efficiency of constructed wetlands decreases in winter. Under low-temperature conditions, the lack of dissolved oxygen in the water will affect the excessive absorption of phosphorus by polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria, while phosphorus previously excessively absorbed by microorganisms under aerobic conditions will be released again. If the hydraulic retention time is shortened, excessive flow velocity may flush out the phosphorus deposited in the system, resulting in a decrease in the overall phosphorus removal rate. Therefore, this invention provides a multi-media ecological treatment system and method for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude and arid regions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: The multi-media ecological treatment system for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude and arid areas, as described in this invention, includes a sewage collection tank, a multi-point inlet and outlet device, and a multi-media ecological purification pipe. The multi-media ecological purification pipe is connected to the sewage collection tank, and the upper layer is planted with yellow iris, which has strong cold resistance and can adsorb total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the grey water. The middle layer is a primary purification layer, filled with an iron-carbon microelectronic composite material, which is formed by mixing bentonite, reeds, waste iron filings, and a 4% aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The lower layer, arranged vertically from top to bottom, includes a nitrification reaction layer for receiving sewage from the primary purification layer and performing organic matter degradation treatment and nitrogen-containing treatment; a biological phosphorus removal layer for phosphorus removal treatment of the sewage flowing from the nitrification reaction layer; and a denitrification reaction layer for denitrification treatment of the sewage from the biological phosphorus removal layer. The denitrification reaction layer has an outlet.

[0008] Preferably, the lower layer of the multi-media ecological purification pipe is placed below the frozen soil layer (2m). To prevent the water pipe from freezing in winter, the main water pipe, the upper branch pipe, and the lower branch pipe are equipped with insulation layers.

[0009] Preferably, a perforated circular support plate is provided between each of the primary purification layer, nitrification reaction layer, biological phosphorus removal layer, and denitrification reaction layer for water passage, support, and separation; wherein, a corrugated metal plate is provided between the primary purification layer and the nitrification reaction layer for water passage. At the same time, the lower layer adopts a three-layer water inlet method, which consists of an inner layer, a sandwich layer, and an outer layer, with a 2cm interval between each layer. The bottom of the inner layer has two layers of small holes with a hole diameter of 0.5cm and a hole spacing of 0.5cm. The top of the sandwich layer has three layers of small holes with a hole diameter of 0.5cm and a hole spacing of 0.5cm. The bottom of the outer layer has a water outlet hole with a hole diameter of 0.5cm.

[0010] Preferably, a connecting shell is fixedly connected to the side of the sewage collection tank near the inner wall of the main water pipe, a connecting frame is provided inside the connecting shell, a filter screen for filtering impurities in the water is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame, and a cleaning mechanism for cleaning the filter screen is provided on the connecting shell.

[0011] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes a pair of fixed plates fixed on the side of the connecting shell away from the main water pipe. A positioning rod is fixedly connected between the fixed plates, and a lead screw is rotatably connected between the fixed plates. A moving block is threaded onto the lead screw, and the moving block is slidably connected to the positioning rod. A cleaning plate is fixedly connected to the side of the moving block near the filter screen. A set of bristles that contact the filter screen are provided on the cleaning plate. A protective shell is fixedly connected to one side of one of the fixed plates, and a motor that drives the lead screw to rotate is provided inside the protective shell.

[0012] Preferably, a pair of connecting plates are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting shell, a spring is fixedly connected between the connecting plate and the filter screen, the connecting frame is slidably connected to the inner wall of the connecting shell, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the side of the filter screen near the connecting plate, a set of fan blades is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating shaft, a magnetic sheet is fixedly connected to the side of the fan blades near the filter screen, and a set of magnetic blocks corresponding to the magnetic sheet is fixedly connected to the side of the filter screen near the fan blades, the magnetic blocks and the magnetic sheet are arranged to repel each other.

[0013] Preferably, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting frame near the connecting plate, the connecting rod is slidably connected to the connecting plate, a pressure ring is fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting rod, and a hollow elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate near the pressure ring, with a pressure sensor disposed inside the elastic sleeve.

[0014] A multi-media ecological treatment method for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude and arid regions, employing the aforementioned multi-media ecological treatment system for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude and arid regions, includes the following steps:

[0015] S1: In summer, by adjusting the water valve, the sewage flows into the upper layer of the multi-media ecological purification pipe through the upper branch pipe. The suspended particulate matter in the sewage will be removed by the primary purification layer, and then continue to flow downward into the nitrification reaction layer.

[0016] S2: The nitrification reaction layer will degrade organic matter and oxidize nitrogenous substances in the wastewater. After that, the wastewater will continue to flow downward into the biological phosphorus removal layer for phosphorus removal.

[0017] S3: After passing through the biological phosphorus removal layer, the wastewater enters the denitrification reaction layer, which is used to denitrify the wastewater, thus completing the wastewater treatment work in summer.

[0018] S4: The lower purification pipe is placed below the frost line. In winter, the upper layer freezes to form an insulation layer, and the lower layer can operate normally. In winter, by adjusting the water valve, the sewage passes through the lower branch pipe and runs the lower purification pipe. After that, the sewage passes through the primary purification layer to remove suspended particulate matter.

[0019] S5: Wastewater will flow into the nitrification reaction layer, where organic matter will be degraded and nitrogenous substances will be oxidized.

[0020] S6: The wastewater continues to flow into the biological phosphorus removal layer for phosphorus removal treatment. After that, the wastewater enters the denitrification reaction layer for denitrification treatment, thus completing the wastewater treatment work for winter.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. This invention employs a primary purification layer, a nitrification reaction layer, a biological phosphorus removal layer, and a denitrification reaction layer to sequentially achieve suspended particulate matter filtration, phosphorus removal, and nitrogen removal. Its functional structure is clear and simple. The middle layer is filled with iron-carbon microelectronic composite material to improve the removal rate of TP and TN. The lower purification pipe is placed below the permafrost layer. In winter, the upper layer freezes to form an insulation layer, while the lower layer can operate normally, making it suitable for treating domestic sewage in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions.

[0023] 2. This invention uses a filter screen installed at the inlet of the main water pipe to filter water, removing larger impurities to prevent blockage of branch pipes. Water then flows from the main pipe into each branch pipe. When the filter screen needs unclogging, a motor drives a lead screw to rotate in both directions, causing a moving block to move left and right repeatedly. This moving block moves a cleaning plate, allowing the bristles on the cleaning plate to clean the filter screen and unclog its mesh. Summary of the Invention

[0025] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0026] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: The multi-media ecological treatment system for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude and arid areas, as described in this invention, includes a sewage collection tank, a multi-point inlet and outlet device, and a multi-media ecological purification pipe. The multi-media ecological purification pipe is connected to the sewage collection tank, and the upper layer is planted with yellow iris, which has strong cold resistance and can adsorb total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the grey water. The middle layer is a primary purification layer, filled with an iron-carbon microelectronic composite material, which is formed by mixing bentonite, reeds, waste iron filings, and a 4% aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The lower layer, arranged vertically from top to bottom, includes a nitrification reaction layer for receiving sewage from the primary purification layer and performing organic matter degradation treatment and nitrogen-containing treatment; a biological phosphorus removal layer for phosphorus removal treatment of the sewage flowing from the nitrification reaction layer; and a denitrification reaction layer for denitrification treatment of the sewage from the biological phosphorus removal layer. The denitrification reaction layer has an outlet.

[0027] Preferably, the lower layer of the multi-media ecological purification pipe is placed below the frozen soil layer (2m). To prevent the water pipe from freezing in winter, the main water pipe, the upper branch pipe, and the lower branch pipe are equipped with insulation layers.

[0028] Preferably, a perforated circular support plate is provided between each of the primary purification layer, nitrification reaction layer, biological phosphorus removal layer, and denitrification reaction layer for water passage, support, and separation; wherein, a corrugated metal plate is provided between the primary purification layer and the nitrification reaction layer for water passage. At the same time, the lower layer adopts a three-layer water inlet method, which consists of an inner layer, a sandwich layer, and an outer layer, with a 2cm interval between each layer. The bottom of the inner layer has two layers of small holes with a hole diameter of 0.5cm and a hole spacing of 0.5cm. The top of the sandwich layer has three layers of small holes with a hole diameter of 0.5cm and a hole spacing of 0.5cm. The bottom of the outer layer has a water outlet hole with a hole diameter of 0.5cm.

[0029] Preferably, a connecting shell is fixedly connected to the side of the sewage collection tank near the inner wall of the main water pipe, a connecting frame is provided inside the connecting shell, a filter screen for filtering impurities in the water is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame, and a cleaning mechanism for cleaning the filter screen is provided on the connecting shell.

[0030] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes a pair of fixed plates fixed on the side of the connecting shell away from the main water pipe. A positioning rod is fixedly connected between the fixed plates, and a lead screw is rotatably connected between the fixed plates. A moving block is threaded onto the lead screw, and the moving block is slidably connected to the positioning rod. A cleaning plate is fixedly connected to the side of the moving block near the filter screen. A set of bristles that contact the filter screen are provided on the cleaning plate. A protective shell is fixedly connected to one side of one of the fixed plates, and a motor that drives the lead screw to rotate is provided inside the protective shell.

[0031] Preferably, a pair of connecting plates are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting shell, a spring is fixedly connected between the connecting plate and the filter screen, the connecting frame is slidably connected to the inner wall of the connecting shell, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the side of the filter screen near the connecting plate, a set of fan blades is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating shaft, a magnetic sheet is fixedly connected to the side of the fan blades near the filter screen, and a set of magnetic blocks corresponding to the magnetic sheet is fixedly connected to the side of the filter screen near the fan blades, the magnetic blocks and the magnetic sheet are arranged to repel each other.

[0032] Preferably, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting frame near the connecting plate, the connecting rod is slidably connected to the connecting plate, a pressure ring is fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting rod, and a hollow elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate near the pressure ring, with a pressure sensor disposed inside the elastic sleeve.

[0033] A multi-media ecological treatment method for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude and arid regions, employing the aforementioned multi-media ecological treatment system for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude and arid regions, includes the following steps:

[0034] S1: In summer, by adjusting the water valve, the sewage flows into the upper layer of the multi-media ecological purification pipe through the upper branch pipe. The suspended particulate matter in the sewage will be removed by the primary purification layer, and then continue to flow downward into the nitrification reaction layer.

[0035] S2: The nitrification reaction layer will degrade organic matter and oxidize nitrogenous substances in the wastewater. After that, the wastewater will continue to flow downward into the biological phosphorus removal layer for phosphorus removal.

[0036] S3: After passing through the biological phosphorus removal layer, the wastewater enters the denitrification reaction layer, which is used to denitrify the wastewater, thus completing the wastewater treatment work in summer.

[0037] S4: The lower purification pipe is placed below the frost line. In winter, the upper layer freezes to form an insulation layer, and the lower layer can operate normally. In winter, by adjusting the water valve, the sewage passes through the lower branch pipe and runs the lower purification pipe. After that, the sewage passes through the primary purification layer to remove suspended particulate matter.

[0038] S5: Wastewater will flow into the nitrification reaction layer, where organic matter will be degraded and nitrogenous substances will be oxidized.

[0039] S6: The wastewater continues to flow into the biological phosphorus removal layer for phosphorus removal treatment. After that, the wastewater enters the denitrification reaction layer for denitrification treatment, thus completing the wastewater treatment work for winter.

[0040] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0041] 1. This invention employs a primary purification layer, a nitrification reaction layer, a biological phosphorus removal layer, and a denitrification reaction layer to sequentially achieve suspended particulate matter filtration, phosphorus removal, and nitrogen removal. Its functional structure is clear and simple. The middle layer is filled with iron-carbon microelectronic composite material to improve the removal rate of TP and TN. The lower purification pipe is placed below the permafrost layer. In winter, the upper layer freezes to form an insulation layer, while the lower layer can operate normally, making it suitable for treating domestic sewage in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions.

[0042] 2. This invention uses a filter screen installed at the inlet of the main water pipe to filter water, removing larger impurities to prevent blockage of branch pipes. Water then flows from the main pipe into each branch pipe. When the filter screen needs unclogging, a motor drives a lead screw to rotate in both directions, causing a moving block to move left and right repeatedly. This moving block moves a cleaning plate, allowing the bristles on the cleaning plate to clean the filter screen and unclog its mesh. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-media ecological treatment system in this invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-media ecological purification pipe in this invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lower layer structure of the multi-media ecological purification pipe in this invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This describes the processing effect of the MEP system and MEP-T system on TP in this invention;

[0048] Figure 5 This describes the processing effect of the MEP system and MEP-T system on TN in this invention;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sewage collection tank in this invention;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting shell structure in this invention;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the connecting shell in this invention;

[0052] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fan blade, rotating shaft, and magnetic plate in this invention;

[0053] Figure 10 yes Figure 8 Enlarged view of point A;

[0054] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the method in this invention.

[0055] In the diagram: 1. Wastewater collection tank; 2. Regulating water valve; 3. Yellow iris; 4. Connecting shell; 5. Primary purification layer; 6. Corrugated metal plate; 7. Nitrification reaction layer; 8. Biological phosphorus removal layer; 9. Denitrification reaction layer; 10. Upper branch pipe; 11. Lower branch pipe; 12. Main water pipe; 13. Multi-point inlet and outlet water device; 14. Multi-media ecological purification pipe; 15. Zeolite; 16. Ceramsite; 17. Zeolite; 18. Granular activated carbon 19. Carbon; 20. Pebbles; 21. Inner layer; 22. Interlayer; 23. Outer layer; 24. Small hole; 25. Connecting frame; 26. Filter screen; 27. Fixing plate; 28. Lead screw; 29. ​​Positioning rod; 30. Moving block; 31. Cleaning plate; 32. Protective shell; 33. Connecting plate; 34. Rotating shaft; 35. Fan blade; 36. Magnetic sheet; 37. Magnetic block; 38. Connecting rod; 39. Elastic sleeve; 30. Pressure ring. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0057] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the multi-media ecological treatment system for rural domestic wastewater in cold and arid areas includes a sewage collection tank 1, a multi-point inlet and outlet water device 13, and a multi-media ecological purification pipe 14. The upper layer of the multi-media ecological purification pipe 14 is planted with yellow iris 3, which has strong cold resistance and can adsorb total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the grey water. The middle layer of the multi-media ecological purification pipe is a primary purification layer 5, used to remove suspended particulate matter from the flowing sewage. The primary purification layer 5 is filled with an iron-carbon microelectronic composite material, which is formed by mixing bentonite, reeds, waste iron filings, and a 4% aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in a component ratio of 6:4:3. The lower layer of the multi-media ecological purification pipe 14 includes a nitrification reaction layer 7 arranged vertically from top to bottom, used to degrade organic matter and nitrify nitrogenous substances in the sewage flowing from the primary purification layer 5.

[0058] Biological phosphorus removal layer 8 is used to receive wastewater from nitrification reaction layer 7 and perform phosphorus removal treatment; denitrification reaction layer 9 is used to denitrify the wastewater from biological phosphorus removal layer 8, and denitrification reaction layer 9 has an outlet.

[0059] The nitration reaction layer 7 consists of two layers of filler: a layer of zeolite 15 with an outer diameter of 5-8 mm and a layer of ceramsite 16 with an outer diameter of 2-3 mm and a height of 80 mm.

[0060] A corrugated metal plate 6 is provided between the primary purification layer 5 and the nitration reaction layer 7 for water flow.

[0061] The biological phosphorus removal layer 8 is a lanthanum-modified kaolin with a layer height of 160 mm. The preparation method is to take 10 g of kaolin and mix it thoroughly with 800 ml of 0.2 mol / L LaCl3·7H2O. After centrifuging the mixture, wash it with ethanol and repeat 6 times. Finally, the sample is dried and ground to 100 mesh.

[0062] The denitrification reaction layer 9 consists of three layers of packing material: zeolite 17 with an outer diameter of 2-3 mm and a height of 80 mm, granular activated carbon 18 with an outer diameter of 1-2 mm and a height of 80 mm, and pebbles 19 with an outer diameter of 8 cm and a height of 80 mm. A perforated circular support plate with a diameter of 225 mm is set between each layer for water passage, support and separation.

[0063] The lower layer adopts a three-layer water inlet system, consisting of an inner layer 20, a sandwich layer 21, and an outer layer 22, with a 2cm interval between each layer and identical filler material in each layer. The inner layer 20 has two layers of small holes 23 at its bottom, each 0.5cm in diameter and spaced 0.5cm apart. The sandwich layer 21 has three layers of small holes 23 at its top, each 0.5cm in diameter and spaced 0.5cm apart. The outer layer 22 has an outlet hole at its bottom, with a diameter of 0.5cm. Grey water enters the lower inner layer 20 from the upper layer and, through aeration, is forced into the sandwich layer 21 through its bottom holes. The grey water in the sandwich layer 21 overflows and naturally flows into the outer layer 22, finally exiting from the outlet for reuse. This entire system is labeled as a MEP system.

[0064] The multi-media ecological purification pipe 14 is arranged vertically from top to bottom as follows: an upper layer planted with yellow iris 3, a primary purification layer 5 for removing suspended particulate matter from the flowing sewage, a nitrification reaction layer 7 for treating the sewage flowing from the primary purification layer 5 to degrade organic matter and nitrify nitrogenous substances, a biological phosphorus removal layer 8 for receiving sewage from the nitrification reaction layer 7 and treating it to remove phosphorus; and a denitrification reaction layer 9 for treating the sewage from the biological phosphorus removal layer 8 to denitrify. The denitrification reaction layer 9 has an outlet. The above device is labeled as a MEP-T system, and the other structures of the MEP-T system are the same as those of the MEP system. The MEP-T system does not add iron and carbon.

[0065] In summer, by adjusting the water valve 2, sewage flows through the upper branch pipe 10 into the upper, middle and lower layers of the multi-media ecological purification pipe 14. The pipe is arranged vertically from top to bottom as follows: a primary purification layer 5 for removing suspended particulate matter from the sewage; a nitrification reaction layer 7 for receiving sewage from the primary purification layer 5 and performing organic matter degradation treatment and nitrogen oxidation treatment; a biological phosphorus removal layer 8 for removing phosphorus from the sewage flowing from the nitrification reaction layer 7; and a denitrification reaction layer 9 for denitrifying the sewage from the biological phosphorus removal layer 8. The denitrification reaction layer 9 has an outlet. In winter, by adjusting water valve 2, sewage flows through the lower branch pipe 11, operating the lower purification pipe. Vertically arranged from top to bottom, it includes a nitrification reaction layer 7 for organic matter degradation and nitrogen oxidation treatment of sewage; a biological phosphorus removal layer 8 for phosphorus removal of sewage flowing from the nitrification reaction layer 7; and a denitrification reaction layer 9 for denitrification of sewage from the biological phosphorus removal layer 8. The denitrification reaction layer 9 has an outlet. The lower purification pipe is placed 2m below the frost line. In winter, the upper layer freezes to form an insulation layer, allowing the lower layer to operate normally. The lower layer uses a three-layer inlet system: an inner layer, a sandwich layer 21, and an outer layer, with a 2cm interval between each layer. The inner layer 20 has two layers with small holes 23 at the bottom, the sandwich layer 21 has three layers with small holes 23 at the top, and the outer layer 22 has an outlet at the bottom. This technology, using a primary purification layer 5, a nitrification reaction layer 7, a biological phosphorus removal layer 8, and a denitrification reaction layer 9, sequentially achieves suspended particulate matter filtration, phosphorus removal, and nitrogen removal. Its functional structure is clear and simple.

[0066] This invention sets up two parallel multi-media ecological purification systems, the MEP system and the MEP-T system, both made of acrylic and identical in size, with a diameter (d) of 12 cm and a height (H) of 83 cm. A water outlet and an aeration hole are installed 3 cm from the bottom of each system. Simulated domestic sewage containing 15 mg·L−1 of total nitrogen (TN) and 7.43 mg·L−1 of total phosphorus (TP) is introduced. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) is set to 72 h. The test results are shown in the appendix to the instruction manual. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0067] The MEP-T system and the MEP system have TP removal rates of approximately 50% and 75%, respectively, and TN removal rates of approximately 30% and 40%, respectively. The device with added iron and carbon has a better treatment effect on TP and TN, and the treatment effect of the device is more stable.

[0068] Example 2: Figures 6 to 10As shown in the first embodiment, another embodiment of the present invention is as follows: a connecting shell 4 is fixedly connected to the side of the sewage collection tank 1 near the inner wall of the main water pipe 12, a connecting frame 24 is provided inside the connecting shell 4, a filter screen 25 for filtering impurities in the water is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame 24, and a cleaning mechanism for cleaning the filter screen 25 is provided on the connecting shell 4.

[0069] After collecting sewage, the sewage collection tank 1 of this invention inevitably contains large impurities. These impurities enter other branch pipes from the main water pipe 12, which can easily cause blockage of the branch pipes, thereby affecting the sewage discharge effect. This application can solve this problem by installing a filter screen 25 at the inlet of the main water pipe 12, so that the water is filtered through the filter screen 25 first, and the larger impurities are filtered out to prevent the larger impurities from causing blockage of the branch pipes. Then the water enters each branch pipe from the main water pipe 12. When it is necessary to unclog the filter screen 25, a cleaning mechanism can be used to unclog the mesh of the filter screen 25 to ensure the normal flow rate of sewage discharge.

[0070] The cleaning mechanism includes a pair of fixed plates 26 fixed to the side of the connecting shell 4 away from the main water pipe 12. A positioning rod 28 is fixedly connected between the fixed plates 26, and a lead screw 27 is rotatably connected between the fixed plates 26. A moving block 29 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 27. The moving block 29 is slidably connected to the positioning rod 28. A cleaning plate 30 is fixedly connected to the side of the moving block 29 near the filter screen 25. A set of bristles that contact the filter screen 25 are provided on the cleaning plate 30. A protective shell 31 is fixedly connected to one side of one of the fixed plates 26. A motor that drives the lead screw 27 to rotate is provided inside the protective shell 31. When the filter screen 25 needs to be cleaned, the motor drives the lead screw 27 to rotate in both directions, thereby causing the moving block 29 to move left and right repeatedly. At this time, the moving block 29 will drive the cleaning plate 30 to move, so that the bristles on the cleaning plate 30 can clean the filter screen 25, thereby achieving the effect of unclogging the mesh of the filter screen 25.

[0071] A pair of connecting plates 32 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting shell 4. A spring is fixedly connected between the connecting plate 32 and the filter screen 25. The connecting frame 24 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the connecting shell 4. A rotating shaft 33 is rotatably connected to the side of the filter screen 25 near the connecting plate 32. A set of fan blades 34 is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating shaft 33. A magnetic sheet 35 is fixedly connected to the side of the fan blades 34 near the filter screen 25. A set of magnetic blocks 36 corresponding to the magnetic sheet 35 is fixedly connected to the side of the filter screen 25 near the fan blades 34. The magnetic blocks 36 and the magnetic sheet 35 are arranged to repel each other. In this application, when water is discharged, the water flow will push the fan blades 34, causing the fan blades 34 to rotate. At this time, the magnetic sheet 35 will intermittently pass through the magnetic blocks 36, pushing the filter screen 25. When the filter screen 25 is reset under the drive of the spring, the filter screen 25 will shake. At this time, when draining water, the filter screen 25 can be in a shaking state, which effectively reduces the clogging of the filter screen 25 mesh.

[0072] A connecting rod 37 is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting frame 24 near the connecting plate 32. The connecting rod 37 is slidably connected to the connecting plate 32. A pressure ring 39 is fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting rod 37. A hollow elastic sleeve 38 is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate 32 near the pressure ring 39. A pressure sensor is provided inside the elastic sleeve 38. When the filter screen 25 is used continuously, impurities will accumulate on the filter screen 25. At this time, the travel of the connecting frame 24 will be shortened. During normal movement, the connecting frame 24 will drive the pressure ring 39 to squeeze the pressure ring 39. As the travel of the connecting frame 24 is shortened, the force of the pressure ring 39 squeezing the elastic sleeve 38 will become smaller and smaller. When the pressure value reaches a certain value, the pressure sensor will sense it, thereby starting the motor to drive the lead screw 27 to rotate, so that the bristles on the cleaning plate 30 can clean the filter screen 25. Through the above mechanism, the cleaning mechanism can be automatically started to clean the filter screen 25 according to the impurities accumulated on the filter screen 25.

[0073] like Figure 11 As shown, a multi-media ecological treatment method for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions is presented. This method utilizes the aforementioned multi-media ecological treatment system for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions, and includes the following steps:

[0074] S1: In summer, by adjusting the water valve 2, the sewage flows into the upper layer of the multi-media ecological purification pipe 14 through the upper branch pipe 10. The suspended particulate matter in the sewage will be removed by the primary purification layer 5, and then continue to flow downward into the nitrification reaction layer 7.

[0075] S2: Nitrification reaction layer 7 will degrade organic matter and oxidize nitrogenous substances in wastewater. After that, the wastewater will continue to flow downward into biological phosphorus removal layer 8, where phosphorus removal will be performed.

[0076] S3: After passing through the biological phosphorus removal layer 8, the wastewater enters the denitrification reaction layer 9, which is used to denitrify the wastewater, thus completing the wastewater treatment work in the summer.

[0077] S4: The lower purification pipe is placed below the frost line. In winter, the upper layer freezes to form an insulation layer, and the lower layer can operate normally. In winter, by adjusting the water valve 2, the sewage passes through the lower branch pipe 11 to run the lower purification pipe. After that, the sewage passes through the primary purification layer 5 to remove suspended particulate matter.

[0078] S5: Wastewater will flow to nitrification reaction layer 7, where organic matter will be degraded and nitrogen-containing substances will be oxidized.

[0079] S6: The wastewater continues to flow into the biological phosphorus removal layer 8 for phosphorus removal treatment. After that, the wastewater enters the denitrification reaction layer 9 for denitrification treatment, thus completing the wastewater treatment work for winter.

[0080] Working principle: In summer, by adjusting the water valve 2, sewage flows through the upper branch pipe 10 into the upper, middle and lower layers of the multi-media ecological purification pipe 14. The pipe is arranged vertically from top to bottom, including a primary purification layer 5 for removing suspended particles from the sewage, a nitrification reaction layer 7 for receiving sewage from the primary purification layer 5 and performing organic matter degradation treatment and nitrogen oxidation treatment, a biological phosphorus removal layer 8 for removing phosphorus from the sewage flowing from the nitrification reaction layer 7, and a denitrification reaction layer 9 for denitrifying the sewage from the biological phosphorus removal layer 8. The denitrification reaction layer 9 has an outlet.

[0081] In winter, by adjusting water valve 2, sewage flows through the lower branch pipe 11, operating the lower purification pipe. Vertically arranged from top to bottom, it includes a nitrification reaction layer 7 for organic matter degradation and nitrogen oxidation treatment of sewage; a biological phosphorus removal layer 8 for phosphorus removal of sewage flowing from the nitrification reaction layer 7; and a denitrification reaction layer 9 for denitrification of sewage from the biological phosphorus removal layer 8. The denitrification reaction layer 9 has an outlet. The lower purification pipe is placed 2m below the frost line. In winter, the upper layer freezes to form an insulation layer, allowing the lower layer to operate normally. The lower layer uses a three-layer inlet system: an inner layer, a sandwich layer 21, and an outer layer, with a 2cm interval between each layer. The inner layer 20 has two layers with small holes 23 at the bottom, the sandwich layer 21 has three layers with small holes 23 at the top, and the outer layer 22 has an outlet at the bottom. This technology, by employing a primary purification layer 5, a nitrification reaction layer 7, a biological phosphorus removal layer 8, and a denitrification reaction layer 9, sequentially achieves suspended particulate matter filtration, phosphorus removal, and nitrogen removal, with a clear and simple functional structure.

[0082] After collecting sewage, the sewage collection tank 1 of this invention inevitably contains large impurities. These impurities enter other branch pipes from the main water pipe 12, easily causing blockages and affecting the sewage discharge effect. This application solves this problem by installing a filter screen 25 at the inlet of the main water pipe 12, allowing the water to pass through the filter screen 25 first to filter out larger impurities and prevent them from clogging the branch pipes. Then, the water enters each branch pipe from the main water pipe 12. When the filter screen 25 needs to be cleared, a cleaning mechanism can be used to clear the mesh of the filter screen 25 to ensure the normal flow rate of sewage discharge. When the filter screen 25 needs to be cleaned, the motor drives the lead screw 27 to rotate forward and backward, causing the moving block 29 to move left and right repeatedly. At this time, the moving block 29 will drive the cleaning plate 30 to move, allowing the bristles on the cleaning plate 30 to clean the filter screen 25, thereby clearing the mesh of the filter screen 25.

[0083] In this application, when water is discharged, the water flow drives the fan blade 34, causing it to rotate. At this time, the magnetic plate 35 intermittently passes the magnetic block 36, pushing the filter screen 25. When the filter screen 25 is reset under the drive of the spring, it shakes. During drainage, the filter screen 25 can remain in a shaking state, effectively reducing the clogging of the filter screen 25. As the filter screen 25 is used continuously, impurities accumulate on it. This shortens the travel of the connecting frame 24. During normal movement, the connecting frame 24 drives the pressure ring 39 to squeeze the pressure ring 39. As the travel of the connecting frame 24 shortens, the pressure of the pressure ring 39 squeezing the elastic sleeve 38 decreases. When the pressure reaches a certain value, the pressure sensor detects it and starts the motor to drive the lead screw 27 to rotate, allowing the bristles on the cleaning plate 30 to clean the filter screen 25. The above mechanism can automatically start the cleaning mechanism to clean the filter screen 25 based on the impurities accumulated on it.

[0084] The terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "top," and "bottom" all refer to the figures in the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 Based on the perspective of the observer, the side of the device facing the observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and so on.

[0085] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0086] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-media ecological treatment system for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude, cold and arid areas, including a sewage collection pond (1), a multi-point inlet and outlet water device (13), and a multi-media ecological purification pipe (14). Its features are: The multi-media ecological purification pipe (14) is connected to the sewage collection tank (1) in front, with yellow iris (3) planted on the upper layer, and the middle layer is the primary purification layer (5), which is filled with iron-carbon microelectronic composite material. This material is formed by mixing bentonite, reed, waste iron filings and 4% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution. The lower layer is arranged vertically from top to bottom, including a nitrification reaction layer (7) for receiving sewage from the primary purification layer (5) and performing organic matter degradation treatment and oxidizing nitrogen-containing substances. The nitrification reaction layer (7) consists of two layers of filler: zeolite (15) + coconut shell and ceramsite (16) + coconut shell. Biological phosphorus removal layer (8) is used to remove phosphorus from the wastewater flowing from the nitrification reaction layer (7). The biological phosphorus removal layer (8) is lanthanum modified kaolin. The preparation method is to take 10g of kaolin and mix it thoroughly with 800ml of 0.2mol / L LaCl3·7H2O. After centrifuging the mixture, wash it with ethanol and repeat 6 times. Finally, the sample is dried and ground to 100 mesh. Denitrification reaction layer (9) is used to remove nitrogen from the wastewater from the biological phosphorus removal layer (8). The denitrification reaction layer (9) has an outlet. The lower layer of the multi-media ecological purification pipe (14) is placed below the frost layer. To prevent the water pipe from freezing in winter, the main water pipe (12), the upper branch pipe (10), and the lower branch pipe (11) are equipped with insulation layers. Each of the primary purification layer (5), nitrification reaction layer (7), biological phosphorus removal layer (8), and denitrification reaction layer (9) is provided with a perforated circular support plate for water passage, support, and separation. The denitrification reaction layer (9) is composed of three layers of filler: zeolite (17), granular activated carbon (18), and pebbles (19). A metal corrugated plate (6) is provided between the primary purification layer (5) and the nitrification reaction layer (7) for water passage. The lower layer adopts a three-layer water inlet method, which is divided into an inner layer (20), a sandwich layer (21), and an outer layer (22). The bottom of the inner layer (20) has two layers of small holes (23), the top of the sandwich layer (21) has three layers of small holes (23), and the bottom of the outer layer (22) is provided with an outlet hole. The sewage collection tank (1) is fixedly connected to a connecting shell (4) on the side of the inner wall of the main water pipe (12). A connecting frame (24) is provided inside the connecting shell (4). A filter screen (25) for filtering impurities in the water is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame (24). A cleaning mechanism for cleaning the filter screen (25) is provided on the connecting shell (4). A pair of connecting plates (32) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting shell (4). A spring is fixedly connected between the connecting plate (32) and the filter screen (25). The connecting frame (24) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the connecting shell (4). A rotating shaft (33) is rotatably connected to the side of the filter screen (25) near the connecting plate (32). A set of fan blades (34) is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating shaft (33). A magnetic sheet (35) is fixedly connected to the side of the fan blades (34) near the filter screen (25). A set of magnetic blocks (36) corresponding to the magnetic sheet (35) is fixedly connected to the side of the filter screen (25) near the fan blades (34). The magnetic blocks (36) and the magnetic sheet (35) are arranged to repel each other. A connecting rod (37) is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting frame (24) near the connecting plate (32). The connecting rod (37) is slidably connected to the connecting plate (32). A pressure ring (39) is fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting rod (37). A hollow elastic sleeve (38) is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate (32) near the pressure ring (39). A pressure sensor is provided inside the elastic sleeve (38).

2. The multi-media ecological treatment system for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude and arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism includes a pair of fixed plates (26) fixed on the side of the connecting shell (4) away from the main water pipe (12). A positioning rod (28) is fixedly connected between the fixed plates (26). A lead screw (27) is rotatably connected between the fixed plates (26). A moving block (29) is threadedly connected to the lead screw (27). The moving block (29) is slidably connected to the positioning rod (28). A cleaning plate (30) is fixedly connected to the side of the moving block (29) near the filter screen (25). A set of bristles that contact the filter screen (25) are provided on the cleaning plate (30). A protective shell (31) is fixedly connected to one side of one of the fixed plates (26). A motor that drives the lead screw (27) to rotate is provided inside the protective shell (31).

3. A multi-media ecological treatment method for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions, wherein the method employs the multi-media ecological treatment system for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1: In summer, by adjusting the water valve, the sewage flows into the upper layer of the multi-media ecological purification pipe through the upper branch pipe. The suspended particulate matter in the sewage will be removed by the primary purification layer, and then continue to flow downward into the nitrification reaction layer. S2: The nitrification reaction layer will degrade organic matter and oxidize nitrogenous substances in the wastewater. After that, the wastewater will continue to flow downward into the biological phosphorus removal layer for phosphorus removal. S3: After passing through the biological phosphorus removal layer, the wastewater enters the denitrification reaction layer, which is used to denitrify the wastewater, thus completing the wastewater treatment work for the summer.

4. The multi-media ecological treatment method for rural domestic wastewater in high-altitude and arid regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method also includes the following steps: S4: The lower purification pipe is placed below the frost line. In winter, the upper layer freezes to form an insulation layer, and the lower layer can operate normally. In winter, by adjusting the water valve, the sewage passes through the lower branch pipe and runs the lower purification pipe. After that, the sewage passes through the primary purification layer to remove suspended particulate matter. S5: Wastewater will flow into the nitrification reaction layer, where organic matter will be degraded and nitrogenous substances will be oxidized. S6: The wastewater continues to flow into the biological phosphorus removal layer for phosphorus removal treatment. After that, the wastewater enters the denitrification reaction layer for denitrification treatment, thus completing the wastewater treatment work for winter.

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