A microbial fertilizer and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and to the technical field of fertilizers. The fertilizer realizes the precise release of different microorganisms at various stages of the growth of tsaoko through a multilayer structure of an initial layer, a quick release layer, a mid-term release layer, and a long-term release layer. The initial layer quickly releases microorganisms to inhibit the growth of early pathogens, the quick release layer and the mid-term release layer continuously provide disease resistance support during the seedling and growth stages, and the long-term release layer slowly releases in the later stage to prevent and treat late diseases such as leaf blight and fruit rot. The fertilizer contains a variety of strains such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum, and Bacillus licheniformis, which can effectively prevent and treat common diseases of tsaoko such as leaf spot, virus disease, root rot, leaf blight, and fruit rot. The basic material is composed of Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium, and Marigold, which provide additional antibacterial support, improve the yield and quality of tsaoko, and have good economic and ecological benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a microbial fertilizer and an application thereof, in particular to a microbial fertilizer applied in the technical field of fertilizers and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern agriculture, microbial fertilizers are increasingly used in increasing crop yields and improving soil. However, existing microbial fertilizers usually have problems such as a single type of microorganisms, difficult to control the release rate, and insufficient fertilizer sustainability, which results in the inability of crops to obtain continuous nutritional support and disease prevention during their growth. In addition, the rapid release of traditional fertilizers can easily lead to microbial inactivation, reduce the long-term effect and utilization rate of fertilizers, and thus affect the nutritional supply and disease prevention during the crop growth cycle.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN115304416B discloses a processing method of microbial fertilizer, which is finally prepared into a fertilizer with cow dung, sheep dung, plant ash, etc. as the matrix by turning the raw materials and supplementing the strains during the fermentation process. The method automatically turns the raw materials and seals them during the fermentation stage, making the fertilizer production process convenient and containing a variety of beneficial microorganisms. The microbial fertilizer is mainly used to improve soil fertility, but its fertilizer release rate does not have stratified control for different growth periods of crops, and the microbial species are relatively single, and the disease prevention and control effect on specific crops such as grass fruit is limited, and common diseases such as root rot and leaf spot cannot be effectively prevented and treated. In addition, although the organic matter content of fermentation raw materials such as chicken manure and cow dung is high, it lacks antibacterial substances and is difficult to provide a comprehensive inhibitory effect on pathogens.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN103922838B discloses a powdered microbial fertilizer, which is mainly composed of biochar, chitosan hydrolyzate, and animal blood hydrolyzate. It has a bottom application effect and can provide nutrition to plants and prevent and treat pests and diseases when applied to the early stage of plant planting. The fertilizer has a certain improvement effect on soil acidification and compaction, but has the following limitations: First, the fertilizer has no slow-release design after application, and the microorganisms are quickly released in a short time, making it difficult to achieve continuous disease control; second, its biological control effect is mainly concentrated on soil improvement, and lacks special control functions for specific plant diseases (such as grass fruit leaf spot disease, root rot, etc.), making it difficult to fully adapt to the control needs of various diseases such as grass fruit.

[0005] Therefore, the prior art has certain deficiencies in the sustainability and disease control specificity of microbial fertilizers. In order to overcome these limitations, the present invention aims to provide a multi-level slow-release microbial fertilizer suitable for disease control and nutritional support of crops such as tsaoko, and through a reasonable bacterial combination and slow-release coating technology, ensure that the microbial fertilizer is released on demand during different growth stages of the crop, providing continuous and comprehensive protection and nutrition for the crop. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of the existing microbial fertilizers, such as the lack of persistent fertilizer effect, lack of phased release and insufficient specificity in disease prevention and control. The present invention adopts a multi-layer slow-release structure and a combination of multiple microbial strains to enable the microbial fertilizer to be released at different growth stages of crops such as tsaoko, so as to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and the disease resistance of the crops.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, comprising an initial layer: without slow-release treatment, accounting for 30% of the whole, including Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum, the ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to Trichoderma harzianum is 1.5:1, formed by directly adding a base material, for rapid release to establish the advantage of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and inhibit the early infection of pathogenic bacteria; Rapid release layer: 20% of the total, including Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus marineus, with a ratio of 2:1. It is coated with a degradable porous material, sodium alginate, to ensure release within one to two weeks after application. It is used to enhance the diversity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil and improve the soil environment. Mid-term release layer: 25% of the total, including Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, with a ratio of 1:1. Polylactic acid, a material with a medium degradation rate, is used for coating to ensure continuous release within 2 to 3 months after application. It is used to maintain the balance of soil microorganisms and prevent mid-term soil-borne diseases. Long-term release layer: accounts for 25% of the whole, including Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus tequila, with the ratio of Bacillus pumilus to Bacillus tequila being 1:1.5. It is coated with the slowly degradable material polycaprolactone to ensure slow release within 3 to 6 months after application. It is used to continuously release beneficial microorganisms in the later stage of crop growth to prevent later diseases.

[0008] The base material consists of Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold dried and crushed to less than 100 meshes, and the ingredients are mixed in a ratio of 50:30:20 to enhance the sustained release effect and microbial activity.

[0009] In the above-mentioned microbial fertilizer and its preparation method, the initial layer: uses Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum, combined with the basic materials of Eupatorium adenophorum and Artemisia absinthium, to quickly establish beneficial bacteria to inhibit pathogen infection in the seedling stage; the rapid release layer: uses Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus marineus, coated with microcapsules made of sodium alginate, to provide disease prevention and control and nutritional support in the seedling stage and rapid growth period; the medium-term release layer: uses Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, coated with polylactic acid materials, for medium-term continuous release of crops, to prevent and control diseases such as leaf blight and root rot; the long-term release layer: uses Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus tequila, coated with polycaprolactone materials, to slowly release in the late growth stage of crops, to prevent and control late diseases and prolong the fertilizer effect.

[0010] A method for preparing a microbial fertilizer includes the steps of preparing a basic material, specifically: Dry Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold separately until the moisture content is less than 10%; The dried Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold are crushed separately and sieved into fine powder below 100 mesh; Mix fine powders of Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold in a ratio of 50:30:20 to form a homogeneous base material.

[0011] The method comprises the steps of preparing the microbial fermentation broth, specifically: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus marineus, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma spp., Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus tequila were cultured to 10 9 Bacterial concentration above CFU / mL; Filtering the culture solution through a filter cloth to remove the culture medium residue to obtain bacterial fermentation solution; Store bacterial fermentation broth at low temperature to maintain microbial activity.

[0012] The steps for preparing the initial layer are as follows: The fermentation broth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum were mixed in a ratio of 1.5:1; Add the mixed fermented liquid to 30% of the base material; Stir well to ensure that the fermentation liquid and base materials are evenly distributed to form an initial layer.

[0013] The preparation steps of the quick release layer are specifically as follows: Mix the fermentation broth of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus marineus in a ratio of 2:1; preparing microcapsules by mixing the fermentation broth and the sodium alginate solution; The prepared microcapsules were dried and added to 20% of the base material and stirred evenly to form a quick-release layer.

[0014] The steps for preparing the mid-term release layer are as follows: The fermentation broth of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma are mixed in a ratio of 1:1; The mixed fermentation broth was coated with polylactic acid to prepare medium-term sustained-release microcapsules; The prepared medium-term sustained-release microcapsules are dried and added to 25% of the base material and stirred evenly to form a medium-term release layer.

[0015] The steps for preparing the long-term release layer are specifically as follows: The fermentation broth of Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus tequila was mixed in a ratio of 1:1.5; The mixed fermentation broth was coated with polycaprolactone to prepare long-term sustained-release microcapsules; The prepared long-term sustained-release microcapsules are dried and added to 25% of the base material and stirred evenly to form a long-term release layer.

[0016] After the initial layer, the quick release layer, the intermediate release layer and the long-term release layer are mixed, the following steps are further included: After mixing the layers, pack them into moisture-proof and oxidation-proof sealed packaging bags; Add desiccant into the packaging bag and use light-proof material for packaging; Store sealed multi-layer slow-release fertilizers in a cool, dry place to ensure storage stability of the fertilizer.

[0017] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The precise release of the multi-layer slow-release structure meets the needs of different growth stages of the grass fruit. This fertilizer uses a multi-layer structure of the initial layer, quick release layer, mid-term release layer and long-term release layer to release different microorganisms on demand at different stages of the grass fruit growth. The initial layer quickly releases microorganisms in the soil, helping to quickly establish a beneficial microbial niche after the grass fruit is sown, effectively inhibiting the growth of pathogens in the seedling stage, and laying the foundation for the healthy growth of the grass fruit. The quick release layer and the mid-term release layer gradually release beneficial microorganisms in the seedling stage and growth stage of the grass fruit, respectively, ensuring continuous disease resistance support and nutritional supplements at the critical stage of plant growth, significantly reducing the occurrence of diseases such as leaf spot and root rot. The long-term release layer slowly releases microbial components in the late growth stage of the grass fruit to prevent and control late diseases (such as leaf blight and fruit rot), prolong the prevention and control effect of the fertilizer, reduce the threat of diseases during the fruit ripening period, and improve the quality and yield of the grass fruit.

[0018] 2. Rich microbial combination to achieve comprehensive prevention and control of multiple diseases. This fertilizer uses a variety of functional microbial strains, including Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus marineus, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Bacillus brevis and Bacillus tequila, which have multiple functions such as inhibiting pathogens and promoting healthy plant growth. The diversity of microbial combinations enables this fertilizer to effectively prevent and control a variety of diseases of Amomum villosum, including leaf spot, viral disease, root rot, leaf blight and fruit rot. For example, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has a significant effect in preventing and controlling viral diseases and root rot, while Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma have excellent prevention and control effects on leaf spot and blight. The synergistic effect of different microorganisms also enhances the adaptability of Amomum villosum to adversity (such as saline-alkali land and drought conditions), enabling plants to remain healthy in adverse growth environments and improving the success rate and yield of Amomum villosum planting.

[0019] 3. Natural plant-based materials enhance microbial activity and provide additional antibacterial support. The basic materials of this fertilizer are composed of Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold. These plant ingredients are rich in natural antibacterial substances and can assist microorganisms in inhibiting pathogens. Eupatorium adenophorum and Artemisia absinthium have significant antibacterial effects and have a certain inhibitory effect on root rot pathogens and leaf spot pathogens, providing additional physical and chemical protection while microorganisms exert their effects. The porous properties of the basic material give it good adsorption in the soil, stabilize microorganisms, prolong their active time in the soil, and improve the overall effect and durability of the microbial slow-release fertilizer.

[0020] 4. The slow-release coating technology ensures the long-term and stable release of microorganisms and extends the shelf life of the fertilizer. This fertilizer uses materials such as sodium alginate, polylactic acid and polycaprolactone to coat the quick-release layer, medium-term release layer and long-term release layer respectively. The degradation rate of different coating materials controls the release rate of the microorganisms, allowing them to be released into the soil stably and slowly. This slow-release mechanism effectively extends the shelf life of the fertilizer and reduces the need for farmers to apply fertilizers frequently, which not only saves time and labor costs, but also reduces the impact of fertilizers on the environment. The coating technology also improves the stability of microorganisms in storage and in the soil, prevents the inactivation of microorganisms due to external factors (such as light and high temperature), and ensures the stability of the fertilizer during storage and after application.

[0021] 5. Green and environmentally friendly, reducing the use of chemical pesticides and improving soil health. By using microorganisms and natural plant ingredients, this fertilizer can effectively replace some chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers, reduce the pollution of chemical residues to the soil and the environment, and help improve the soil ecosystem. The decomposition process of microorganisms provides more organic matter for the grass fruit, which can continuously improve the soil structure, enhance the water retention and air permeability of the soil, promote the accumulation of organic matter, and improve the fertility of the soil. The use of this fertilizer helps to maintain the ecological balance of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, avoid the imbalance of the soil micro-ecosystem, and provide support for long-term sustainable planting.

[0022] 6. The comprehensive effect is significant, and the yield and quality of cardamom are improved. The design of this fertilizer allows cardamom to be effectively protected by microorganisms at all stages of growth, reducing the incidence of diseases and thus reducing the risk of plant damage. Through reasonable disease prevention and control and nutritional supplementation, the yield of cardamom is significantly increased, the fruit quality is improved, and the commodity value is increased. At the same time, the use of multi-layer slow-release fertilizers prolongs the action cycle of fertilizers, reduces the cost of cardamom planting, improves planting efficiency, and brings higher economic benefits to farmers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Two embodiments of the present application are described in detail below.

[0024] Example 1 Preparation of base materials Material selection: Eupatorium adenophorum has certain antibacterial and anti-root rot effects. The active ingredients in Eupatorium adenophorum have an inhibitory effect on root rot pathogens (such as Fusarium fungi and Phytophthora pathogens).

[0025] The phytochemicals contained in Artemisia absinthium can inhibit a variety of pathogens and are particularly suitable for the prevention and treatment of root rot and leaf spot.

[0026] It contains natural antibacterial ingredients and can be used to inhibit the occurrence of diseases such as root rot and fruit rot of cardamom.

[0027] Drying treatment: Dry Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold separately until the moisture content is less than 10% to ensure the stability of the plant powder.

[0028] The drying condition is controlled below 50°C to protect the active ingredients of the plants and enhance the inhibitory effect on pathogens.

[0029] Crushing and sieving: Crush the dried Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold into fine powder below 100 mesh for even mixing.

[0030] Use a 100-mesh screen to screen and remove large particles or uneven materials to keep the base materials uniform during mixing.

[0031] Mixing ratio: Mix the fine powders of Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold in a ratio of 50:30:20 to form a uniform base material. This ratio can enhance the sustained release effect of the base material and help the survival and activity of each microorganism.

[0032] Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold in the basic materials are rich in antibacterial ingredients, which help to enhance the inhibitory effect on diseases such as Tsaoko root rot and leaf spot in slow-release fertilizers. The antibacterial effect of this basic material provides a good antibacterial environment for the subsequent application of microbial fermentation liquid, improving the disease prevention and control effect of fertilizers.

[0033] Preparation of microbial fermentation broth The following microbial strains were selected, each of which has a specific role in the prevention and control of grass fruit diseases: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: It effectively prevents and controls root rot and mosaic virus disease of cardamom, and has the function of inhibiting the growth of pathogens and enhancing root health.

[0034] Trichoderma harzianum: used to prevent and control leaf spot, blight and root rot, can inhibit a variety of plant pathogenic fungi and promote plant growth.

[0035] Bacillus licheniformis: Enhances plant resistance to stress and is mainly used to prevent and control root rot and leaf spot. Spraying or root irrigation in the early stage can improve crop disease resistance.

[0036] Marine Bacillus: Salt-alkali resistant, suitable for various soil environments, and has significant effects on the prevention and treatment of root rot and leaf spot.

[0037] Bacillus subtilis: inhibits infection by pathogens of leaf blight and fruit rot, increases the number of beneficial bacteria in the soil, and improves soil health.

[0038] Trichoderma: Effective in preventing and controlling diseases such as blight and fruit rot, and can be used for seed dressing of cardamom seeds or spraying at the seedling stage.

[0039] Bacillus brevis: It has good preventive and therapeutic effects on leaf spot diseases, leaf blight, etc., and can be used for spraying at the seedling stage.

[0040] Bacillus tekila: It has a strong inhibitory effect on leaf blight and fruit rot of cardamom, and can improve the cardamom's resistance to pathogens.

[0041] Prepare a suitable culture medium for each bacterial species, for example, nutrient broth medium is suitable for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, while potato dextrose medium is suitable for fungal species such as Trichoderma harzianum.

[0042] Each strain was cultured under suitable temperature and pH conditions until the bacterial concentration reached 10 9 CFU / mL and above.

[0043] For example, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is cultured at 30°C, while Trichoderma harzianum is cultured at 25-28°C, ensuring that all species reproduce and grow under optimal conditions.

[0044] After fermentation is completed, filter the bacterial liquid with filter cloth to remove the residue in the culture medium to obtain pure bacterial fermentation liquid.

[0045] The filtered bacterial fermentation broth retains a high activity, providing a bacterial source for subsequent coating treatment and sustained-release layer preparation.

[0046] The bacterial fermentation broth was stored in a refrigerated environment at 4°C to maintain the activity of the microorganisms and prevent the bacteria from becoming inactivated during storage.

[0047] Conduct regular activity tests before use to ensure the storage quality of the bacterial solution.

[0048] Through the specific steps of fermentation liquid preparation and refrigerated storage of fermentation liquid, this scheme provides an effective prevention and control method for different tsaoko diseases. For example, the combination of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum can significantly enhance the prevention and control effect of tsaoko leaf spot and root rot; the combination of Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis has a good prevention and control effect on blight and leaf blight. The synergistic effect of multiple strains can not only significantly improve the disease resistance of tsaoko, but also reduce the use of pesticides, which is in line with the concept of green environmental protection.

[0049] The preparation of the basic material provides a stable organic carrier suitable for the growth of Amomum villosum and the use of microbial slow release; while the preparation of the microbial fermentation liquid provides a variety of active microorganisms for the slow release of different strains in the subsequent slow release layer. Through the combination of plant powder and strains, the basic material and bacterial fermentation liquid jointly provide effective protection for the disease prevention and control of Amomum villosum.

[0050] Combining the basic materials of Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium, and Marigold with fermentation liquids of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus licheniformis, etc., it can effectively prevent and control diseases such as grass fruit leaf spot, viral disease, leaf blight, blight, and root rot.

[0051] The slow-release properties of the basic materials and the multiple combinations of bacterial strains enable the active ingredients in the fertilizer to be continuously released in the soil, ensuring the long-lasting effects of the microorganisms.

[0052] By increasing the population of beneficial microorganisms, the disease resistance of the grass fruit is improved and the incidence of grass fruit diseases is reduced.

[0053] It avoids the use of large amounts of chemical pesticides, reduces soil pollution, and helps protect the ecological environment.

[0054] Example 2 Based on Example 1, Example 2 mainly focuses on the specific preparation process of multi-layer slow-release microbial fertilizer, and demonstrates the construction and coating treatment of each slow-release layer. By using different slow-release materials and proportion configurations, microorganisms are released in the soil as needed to provide disease prevention and control at different stages during the cultivation of Amomum villosum.

[0055] The fermentation broth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum was mixed in a ratio of 1.5:1. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has a strong effect on preventing and controlling root rot, while Trichoderma harzianum has a significant effect on preventing and controlling leaf spot and root rot.

[0056] This combination of strains is designed to quickly establish microbial dominance in the early stages and inhibit early infection of grass leaf spot and root rot.

[0057] Add the mixed fermentation liquid into 30% of the basic material and stir thoroughly with a high-speed stirrer to ensure that the fermentation liquid and the basic material are evenly mixed.

[0058] The presence of Eupatorium adenophorum and Artemisia absinthium in the base material further enhances the disease resistance, allowing the initial layer to be quickly released in the soil, creating an advantage for beneficial microorganisms in the soil.

[0059] The initial layer is not subjected to slow-release treatment, which facilitates the rapid release of microorganisms after sowing. It can quickly inhibit the growth of pathogens in the grass fruit seedling stage, effectively prevent the occurrence of root rot and leaf spot, and ensure the healthy growth of seedlings.

[0060] Mix the fermentation liquid of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus marineus in a ratio of 2:1. Bacillus licheniformis can enhance soil disease resistance and has a certain inhibitory effect on root rot; while Bacillus marineus has the characteristics of adapting to saline-alkali land and enhancing soil stress resistance.

[0061] The mixed fermentation broth was mixed with sodium alginate solution and prepared into microcapsules by spray drying to form a porous structure to ensure the rapid release of microorganisms in the soil.

[0062] The prepared microcapsules are dried to a moisture content of less than 10%, and then added to 20% of the base material and stirred evenly to ensure that the microcapsules and the base material are evenly distributed to form a quick-release layer.

[0063] The quick-release layer can gradually release microorganisms from the seedling stage to the rapid growth stage of the tsaoko, enhancing the diversity of microorganisms in the soil and improving the resistance of the tsaoko to root rot. This layer is suitable for the early stage of tsaoko planting, which helps to improve the soil environment and improve the adaptability of the tsaoko to the environment.

[0064] The fermentation liquid of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma is mixed in a ratio of 1:1. Bacillus subtilis has a significant inhibitory effect on leaf blight and fruit rot, while Trichoderma has a good preventive and control effect on blight and root rot.

[0065] The mixed fermentation broth was coated with polylactic acid (PLA) and the sustained-release microcapsules were prepared by the emulsion gel method to control the release rate of microorganisms.

[0066] The prepared medium-term sustained-release microcapsules are dried to a moisture content of less than 10%, and then mixed with 25% of the base material and stirred evenly to make the microcapsules and the base material evenly distributed to form a medium-term release layer.

[0067] The mid-term release layer can gradually release microorganisms in the middle of the growth period of the tsaoko, providing continuous disease control for the tsaoko. By controlling the release rate, it ensures the stable release of microorganisms within 2 to 3 months, effectively preventing leaf blight and fruit rot in the middle period, and maintaining soil health.

[0068] The fermentation liquid of Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus tekila is mixed in a ratio of 1:1.5. Bacillus pumilus has a good control effect on leaf spot disease, while Bacillus tekila has a significant inhibitory effect on leaf blight.

[0069] The mixed fermentation broth was coated with polycaprolactone (PCL) and prepared into sustained-release microcapsules by melt extrusion to ensure slow release and long-lasting effect in soil.

[0070] The prepared long-term sustained-release microcapsules are dried until the moisture content is less than 10%, and then mixed with 25% of the base material and stirred evenly to make the microcapsules and the base material evenly distributed to form a long-term release layer.

[0071] The long-term release layer gradually releases microorganisms in the later stage of the growth of the tsaoko, providing long-term disease control effects, especially the inhibition of leaf blight and fruit rot. Through 3 to 6 months of slow release, it ensures that the tsaoko is stably protected by microorganisms in the later stage of growth and prolongs the control effect.

[0072] The initial layer, the rapid release layer, the medium-term release layer and the long-term release layer are mixed in proportion and evenly mixed using a slow-speed mixer to ensure that the microbial sustained-release materials at different levels are evenly distributed.

[0073] The mixed slow-release fertilizer is packed into moisture-proof and oxidation-proof sealed bags, and desiccant is added into the bags to ensure the stability of the fertilizer during storage.

[0074] The packaging bags are made of light-proof materials to prevent the effects of light on the activity of microorganisms.

[0075] Store sealed multi-layer slow-release fertilizers in a cool, dry place to ensure the fertilizer's long-term effectiveness and storage stability.

[0076] The slow-release fertilizer in Example 2 achieves disease prevention and control throughout the entire process of Tsaoko cultivation through a multi-layer slow-release design. The microbial release rate of each layer matches the needs of Tsaoko at different growth stages.

[0077] Early and rapid prevention and control: The initial layer and the rapid release layer quickly establish beneficial bacteria in the early stage to prevent and control root rot, leaf spot and virus diseases in the seedling stage.

[0078] Mid-term continuous protection: The mid-term release layer provides continuous disease control during the rapid growth period of the grass fruit, especially leaf blight and fruit rot.

[0079] Long-term protection in the later stage: The long-term release layer is slowly released in the later stage of the growth of the cardamom to prevent and control late diseases such as leaf blight and improve the yield and quality of the cardamom.

[0080] Through the above-mentioned specific implementation methods and working processes, the disease prevention and control effect of the multi-layer microbial slow-release fertilizer makes its application in the cultivation of cardamom more scientific and practical.

[0081] In view of current practical needs, the above-mentioned implementation mode adopted in this application is not limited to the scope of protection. Various changes made within the knowledge scope of technical personnel in this field without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microbial fertilizer, characterized in that: It includes base material, initial layer, quick release layer, intermediate release layer and long-term release layer; The initial layer is not subjected to sustained release treatment, accounts for 30% of the whole, includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum, the ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to Trichoderma harzianum is 1.5:1, and is formed by directly adding the base material; The rapid release layer accounts for 20% of the whole, and includes Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus marineus, with the ratio of Bacillus licheniformis to Bacillus marineus being 2:1, and is coated with a degradable porous material, sodium alginate, to ensure release within one to two weeks after administration; The intermediate release layer accounts for 25% of the whole, and includes Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, with the ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Trichoderma being 1:1, and is coated with polylactic acid, a material with a medium degradation rate, to ensure sustained release within 2 to 3 months after application; The long-term release layer accounts for 25% of the whole, includes Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus tequila, the ratio of Bacillus pumilus to Bacillus tequila is 1:1.5, and is coated with slowly degradable material polycaprolactone to ensure slow release within 3 to 6 months after administration; The basic material consists of Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold which are dried and crushed to less than 100 meshes, and the components are mixed in a ratio of 50:30:

20.

2. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: The method comprises the steps of preparing a base material, preparing a microbial fermentation liquid, preparing an initial layer, preparing a quick-release layer, preparing a medium-term release layer and preparing a long-term release layer; The preparation steps of the basic material are specifically as follows: Dry Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold separately until the moisture content is less than 10%; The dried Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold are crushed separately and sieved into fine powder below 100 mesh; Mix fine powders of Eupatorium adenophorum, Artemisia absinthium and Marigold in a ratio of 50:30:20 to form a homogeneous base material.

3. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps for preparing the microbial fermentation liquid are specifically as follows: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus marineus, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma spp., Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus tequila were cultured to 10 9 Bacterial concentration above CFU / mL; Filtering the culture solution through a filter cloth to remove the culture medium residue to obtain bacterial fermentation solution; Refrigerate the fermented broth at 4°C.

4. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps for preparing the initial layer are specifically as follows: The fermentation broth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum were mixed in a ratio of 1.5:1; Add the mixed fermented liquid to 30% of the base material; Stir well to ensure that the fermentation liquid and base materials are evenly distributed to form an initial layer.

5. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the quick release layer are specifically as follows: Mix the fermentation broth of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus marineus in a ratio of 2:1; preparing microcapsules by mixing the fermentation broth and the sodium alginate solution; The prepared microcapsules were dried and added to 20% of the base material and stirred evenly to form a quick-release layer.

6. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps for preparing the mid-term release layer are specifically as follows: The fermentation broth of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma are mixed in a ratio of 1:1; The mixed fermentation broth was coated with polylactic acid to prepare medium-term sustained-release microcapsules; The prepared medium-term sustained-release microcapsules are dried and added to 25% of the base material and stirred evenly to form a medium-term release layer.

7. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps for preparing the long-term release layer are specifically as follows: The fermentation broth of Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus tequila was mixed in a ratio of 1:1.5; The mixed fermentation broth was coated with polycaprolactone to prepare long-term sustained-release microcapsules; The prepared long-term sustained-release microcapsules are dried and added to 25% of the base material and stirred evenly to form a long-term release layer.

8. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: After the initial layer, the quick release layer, the intermediate release layer and the long release layer are mixed, the method further comprises the following steps: After mixing the layers, pack them into moisture-proof and oxidation-proof sealed packaging bags; Add desiccant into the packaging bag and use light-proof material for packaging; Store sealed multi-layer slow-release fertilizers in a cool, dry place to ensure storage stability of the fertilizer.