Anode hanger for electroplating large workpiece and electroplating method

Abstract

The invention relates to an anode hanger for electroplating a large workpiece and an electroplating method, the anode hanger comprises a titanium basket bottom plate, a hemispherical titanium basket and an adjustable bolt assembly, and specifically, the titanium basket bottom plate is provided with a hook; the semispherical titanium basket is connected with the titanium basket bottom plate, the top end of the semispherical titanium basket right faces the center of the large workpiece, and the semispherical titanium basket reduces voltage drop in the middle of the large workpiece and balances current density on the surface of the large workpiece by changing charge transmission path distribution, shortening a current path of a center area of the large workpiece and relatively prolonging a path of an edge area. The thickness uniformity of the plating layer is further improved; the adjustable bolt assembly comprises a plurality of bolts connected between the bottom plane and the spherical surface of the hemispherical titanium basket. Compared with the prior art, the method is used for solving the problem of non-uniform current distribution in the electroplating process of a large workpiece, so that the uniformity of thickness distribution of a plating layer is improved, and the electroplating quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an anode rack, in particular to an anode rack and an electroplating method for electroplating a large workpiece. Background Art

[0002] In modern industrial electroplating processes, especially for surface treatment of large workpieces (such as electrolytic cell plates and electrodes), the problem of uneven thickness distribution of the electroplated layer is often faced. Due to the large area of ​​the workpiece, a large voltage drop will be generated when the current flows from the edge of the workpiece to the inside, resulting in a thicker coating at the edge and a thinner coating in the middle, which may even cause changes in the composition and structure of the electroplating. This uneven electroplating effect cannot meet the needs of products with high requirements for surface uniformity, especially in fields with strict requirements for precision and quality.

[0003] During electroplating, the current transmission path is cathode rack-workpiece-anode titanium basket-anode. Since traditional electroplating racks are mostly vertical long strips of titanium baskets, the charge transmission path from the edge of the workpiece to the anode is shorter, so it is easier to deposit a thicker coating on the edge, while the coating is thinner in the middle of the workpiece due to the longer current transmission path. Although the current distribution is improved by adjusting the distance between the anode and the workpiece or adding auxiliary electrodes in the prior art, the use of auxiliary electrodes may damage the integrity of the workpiece surface in many applications with high surface quality requirements. Therefore, how to optimize the current distribution by improving the anode structure and ensure the uniformity of the coating has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current electroplating field.

[0004] In order to solve the problem of uneven current distribution, the prior art usually improves the uniform distribution of current by adding an auxiliary electrode in the middle of the workpiece. However, in many practical applications, especially for large workpieces with high requirements for surface quality, this method is not feasible. Connecting an auxiliary electrode in the middle of the workpiece may affect the integrity of the workpiece surface and even destroy its mechanical properties. Therefore, in these application scenarios, adjusting the anode hanger structure to improve current distribution becomes a more feasible solution.

[0005] Although there have been attempts in the prior art to improve current distribution by adjusting the distance between the anode and the workpiece or optimizing the anode shape, the limitations of these methods still exist. Most existing anode structures are fixed and difficult to flexibly adjust according to different workpiece shapes or current requirements, and cannot meet the electroplating requirements of complex workpieces. Therefore, developing an adjustable anode rack structure to adapt to different workpieces and current conditions, optimize current distribution, and ensure coating uniformity has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an anode hanger and an electroplating method for electroplating large workpieces in order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, so as to solve the problem of uneven current distribution during the electroplating of large workpieces, thereby improving the uniformity of the coating thickness distribution and improving the electroplating quality; the anode structure design optimizes the charge transfer path by adjusting the shape and curvature of the hemispherical titanium basket, so that the current distribution at different positions on the workpiece surface is more uniform, avoiding the phenomenon that the coating is too thick at the edge of the workpiece and too thin in the center.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides an anode rack for electroplating large workpieces, comprising a titanium basket bottom plate, a hemispherical titanium basket, and an adjustable bolt assembly, wherein specifically:

[0009] There are hooks on the bottom plate of the titanium basket;

[0010] The hemispherical titanium basket is connected to the titanium basket bottom plate, and the top of the hemispherical titanium basket faces the central part of the large workpiece. The hemispherical titanium basket changes the distribution of the charge transmission path, shortens the current path in the central area of ​​the large workpiece and relatively lengthens the path in the edge area, so as to reduce the voltage drop in the middle of the large workpiece, balance the current density on the surface of the large workpiece, and thus improve the uniformity of the coating thickness;

[0011] The adjustable bolt assembly includes a plurality of bolts connecting the bottom plane and the spherical surface of the hemispherical titanium basket. By changing the length of each bolt in the adjustable bolt assembly, the hemispherical titanium basket can be deformed, thereby adjusting the shape and curvature of the hemispherical titanium basket to adapt to large workpieces of different shapes and sizes and different electroplating requirements.

[0012] Furthermore, the hemispherical titanium basket is a hemispherical shell structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the hemispherical titanium basket is provided with a feeding port for loading anode materials required for electroplating.

[0014] Furthermore, the hook and the bottom plate of the titanium basket are both made of conductive metal materials, and the surfaces are both provided with anti-rust coatings.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of bolts in the adjustable bolt assembly is five, one of which connects the bottom plane and the top of the hemispherical titanium basket, and the remaining four are evenly distributed between the middle part and the bottom plane of the hemispherical titanium basket, and each bolt is equipped with a corresponding nut to facilitate adjustment operation.

[0016] Furthermore, the feeding port is provided with an openable and closable cover, and a sealing structure is provided at the connection portion between the cover and the feeding port. After the anode material is loaded, the cover is closed to reduce the loss of the anode material during the electroplating process and prevent foreign matter from entering.

[0017] Furthermore, the inner surface of the hemispherical titanium basket is provided with a roughening treatment layer to increase the friction between the anode material and the inner surface of the titanium basket, thereby preventing the anode material from excessively displacing due to vibration or current during the electroplating process.

[0018] A second aspect of the present invention provides a large workpiece electroplating method using the above-mentioned anode rack, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Preparation of electroplating tank: inject the electroplating solution that has been filtered and purified into the electroplating tank, control the temperature of the electroplating solution within a predetermined range, and maintain the temperature stable through a constant temperature device during the electroplating process, while monitoring and adjusting the pH value of the electroplating solution within the set threshold;

[0020] Anode hanger installation and debugging: install the anode hanger at the designated position in the electroplating tank, adjust the adjustable bolt assembly to adapt the shape and curvature of the hemispherical titanium basket to the large workpiece to be electroplated, ensure that the top of the hemispherical titanium basket is accurately aligned with the center of the large workpiece, and check the reliability of the connection between the hook and the power supply;

[0021] Workpiece suspension and positioning: Use cathode hangers to hang pre-treated large workpieces in the electroplating tank, so that the large workpiece and the anode hanger maintain a predetermined distance, and the layout of the large workpiece and the anode hanger in the electroplating tank meets the requirements of uniform current distribution;

[0022] Electroplating parameter setting: Set the electroplating current density and electroplating time parameters according to the workpiece material, size and coating requirements. During the electroplating process, the current density can be dynamically adjusted according to the coating growth. The adjustment range of the current density is within the preset range.

[0023] Electroplating process monitoring: During the electroplating process, the concentration, temperature, pH value of the electroplating solution, and the current distribution on the workpiece surface are continuously monitored. When the solution concentration is lower than the set lower limit, the anode material is replenished or the solution composition is adjusted in time. When the current distribution fluctuates abnormally, it is corrected by adjusting the shape or position of the anode hanger.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes workpiece pretreatment, specifically including: degreasing, rust removal, and cleaning operations on the large workpiece, so that the surface of the large workpiece reaches a clean state suitable for electroplating, and the surface roughness of the large workpiece after pretreatment is within a preset range to ensure good adhesion between the coating and the workpiece;

[0025] The oil removal adopts the combination of chemical oil removal and ultrasonic oil removal.

[0026] Furthermore, it also includes post-plating treatment, which specifically includes: after the electroplating is completed, the large workpiece is taken out of the electroplating tank, and multi-stage cleaning is first performed to remove the electroplating solution remaining on the surface of the workpiece, and then drying is performed, and finally the coating is quality inspected. The inspection items include coating thickness, hardness, adhesion, and surface flatness.

[0027] The present invention also includes the following aspects:

[0028] 1. Hemispherical titanium basket structure design

[0029] The core of the present invention lies in the hemispherical structural design of the anode rack. Traditional anode racks are mostly long titanium baskets, and the charge transfer path at the edge of the workpiece is relatively short, resulting in uneven distribution of the coating thickness. To this end, the present invention designs the anode titanium basket to be hemispherical, with the top of the hemisphere facing the center of the workpiece. In this way, the charge transfer path starts from the top of the hemisphere and gradually extends to the edge of the workpiece, so that the current path in the central area is shortened and the path in the edge area is relatively extended, thereby optimizing the current distribution and improving the uniformity of the coating thickness. The hemispherical titanium basket not only changes the path distribution of charge transfer, but also effectively reduces the voltage drop in the middle area of ​​the workpiece through its unique arc design, thereby balancing the current density on the entire workpiece surface and ensuring the uniformity of the coating on the workpiece surface.

[0030] 2. Adjustable bolt design

[0031] In order to make the anode titanium basket structure adapt to workpieces of different shapes and sizes and different electroplating requirements, the present invention designs 5 bolts for adjusting the curvature of the titanium basket. One bolt connects the bottom plane of the titanium basket and the top of the hemispherical titanium basket to adjust the height of the entire hemisphere, thereby regulating the charge transfer path. The remaining four bolts are evenly distributed between the middle part and the bottom plane of the hemisphere. These bolts can adjust the curvature of the hemisphere by changing the length to adapt to different electroplating requirements and workpiece shapes. By adjusting these bolts, the shape and curvature of the hemispherical titanium basket can be flexibly adjusted, thereby further optimizing the current distribution, adapting to workpieces of different sizes and shapes, and ensuring the uniformity of the workpiece surface coating under various electroplating conditions.

[0032] 3. Fixed screw hole design

[0033] In order to ensure that the anode titanium basket remains stable during the electroplating process, the present invention sets three fixing screw holes around the titanium basket. By fixing the titanium basket in the electroplating tank, it can be ensured that it does not move during operation, thereby ensuring the stability and consistency of current distribution during the electroplating process.

[0034] 4. Adjustment and adaptability

[0035] The hemispherical titanium basket structure of the present invention has strong adaptability. By adjusting the bolts, the shape and curvature of the hemisphere can be flexibly adjusted according to the electroplating requirements of different workpieces, thereby regulating the charge transfer path and achieving a more uniform current distribution. This flexible design makes the present invention suitable for various types of electroplating processes, especially for the electroplating of large and complex-shaped workpieces, and can significantly improve the quality of the coating.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1) The advantage of the present invention lies in its innovative hemispherical titanium basket structure design, which significantly improves the uniformity of current distribution during electroplating, especially for the problem of uneven distribution of coating thickness on the surface of large workpieces. Unlike the traditional long strip titanium basket design, the hemispherical titanium basket structure makes the charge transfer path of each area of ​​the workpiece more reasonable through its unique shape design, especially balancing the distance of charge transfer between the edge and the center of the workpiece, avoiding the phenomenon of too thick coating on the edge of the workpiece and too thin coating in the middle. This design greatly improves the quality of electroplating, ensures the uniformity of coating thickness, and meets the needs of high-quality workpiece electroplating.

[0038] 2) In addition, the adjustable bolt system introduced in the present invention provides a highly flexible adjustment function for the electroplating process. By adjusting the length and angle of the bolt, the shape and curvature of the hemispherical titanium basket can be flexibly changed according to the shape of different workpieces and electroplating requirements, making the current distribution more precise and adaptable to workpieces of various sizes and complex shapes. This adjustment mechanism can not only optimize the current distribution, but also improve the adaptability of the equipment under different electroplating conditions, so that it can show higher efficiency in a variety of production environments. The present invention not only solves the technical problem of uneven current distribution during the electroplating process, but also has good operational flexibility and stability, while ensuring the uniformity of the coating, it improves the overall quality of the electroplating process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the hemispherical titanium basket structure of the present invention, 1 is the hemispherical titanium basket; 2 is the bottom plate of the titanium basket; 3 is the feeding port; 4 is the hook;

[0040] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of bolt adjustment of the hemispherical titanium basket structure in the present invention, 5 is a bottom plane connecting the titanium basket and the top of the hemispherical titanium basket; 6-9 are connecting the middle part of the hemisphere and the bottom plane; 10-14 are nuts;

[0041] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a titanium basket fixed in an electroplating tank, 15 is an electroplating tank; 16 is a cathode copper bar; 17-18 are anode copper bars; 19 is a large workpiece; 20 is a cathode hanger; 23-28 are fixing rods connecting the anode hanger and the electroplating tank;

[0042] Figure 4 31 is the morphology of the nickel mesh electrode after electroplating, 32 is the morphology of the nickel mesh center after electroplating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, algorithms and other features not clearly described in this technical solution are all considered to be common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides an anode rack for electroplating large workpieces, including a titanium basket bottom plate 2, a hemispherical titanium basket 1, and an adjustable bolt assembly, wherein the specific Figures 1 to 3 .

[0046] A hook 4 is provided on the titanium basket bottom plate 2; the hemispherical titanium basket 1 is connected to the titanium basket bottom plate 2, and the top of the hemispherical titanium basket 1 faces the central part of the large workpiece 19. The hemispherical titanium basket 1 changes the distribution of the charge transfer path, shortens the current path in the central area of ​​the large workpiece 19 and relatively extends the path in the edge area, so as to reduce the voltage drop in the middle of the large workpiece 19, balance the current density on the surface of the large workpiece 19, and thus improve the uniformity of the coating thickness. Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the hemispherical titanium basket structure of the present invention includes a hemispherical titanium basket 1, a titanium basket bottom plate 2, a titanium basket feeding port 3, and a hook 4, wherein the hook 4 is used to connect the titanium basket and the copper bar.

[0047] The adjustable bolt assembly includes a plurality of bolts connecting the bottom plane and the spherical surface of the hemispherical titanium basket 1. By changing the length of each bolt in the adjustable bolt assembly, the hemispherical titanium basket 1 can be deformed, thereby adjusting the shape and curvature of the hemispherical titanium basket 1 to adapt to large workpieces 19 of different shapes and sizes and different electroplating requirements. Figure 2 The diagram is a bolt adjustment diagram of a hemispherical titanium basket structure, which includes: bolts 5 connecting the bottom plane of the titanium basket and the top of the hemispherical titanium basket, used to adjust the height of the entire hemisphere; bolts 6-9 connecting the middle part of the hemisphere and the bottom plane, which can adjust the curvature of the hemisphere by changing the length, and nuts 10-14.

[0048] The hemispherical titanium basket 1 is a hemispherical shell structure. A feeding port 3 is provided on the hemispherical titanium basket 1 for loading anode materials required for electroplating.

[0049] The hook 4 and the titanium basket bottom plate 2 are both made of conductive metal materials, and both surfaces are provided with anti-rust coatings.

[0050] There are five bolts in the adjustable bolt assembly, one of which connects the bottom plane and the top of the hemispherical titanium basket 1, and the other four are evenly distributed between the middle part and the bottom plane of the hemispherical titanium basket 1, and each bolt is equipped with a corresponding nut to facilitate the adjustment operation.

[0051] The feeding port 3 is provided with an openable and closable lid, and the connection portion between the lid and the feeding port 3 is provided with a sealing structure. After the anode material is loaded, the lid is closed to reduce the loss of the anode material during the electroplating process and prevent foreign matter from entering.

[0052] The inner surface of the hemispherical titanium basket 1 is provided with a roughening treatment layer to increase the friction between the anode material and the inner surface of the titanium basket, thereby preventing the anode material from excessively displacing due to vibration or current during the electroplating process.

[0053] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the titanium basket fixed in the electroplating tank includes the electroplating tank 15, the cathode copper bar 16, the titanium basket bottom plate 2 on the cathode hanger, the anode copper bars 17-18, the large workpiece 19, the anode hanger 21-22, and the fixing rods 23-28 connecting the anode hanger and the electroplating tank to keep the anode hanger stable.

[0054] The large workpiece electroplating method of the anode rack in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0055] Workpiece pretreatment: Degreasing, rust removal and cleaning operations are performed on the large workpiece 19 to make the surface of the large workpiece 19 reach a clean state suitable for electroplating. The surface roughness of the large workpiece 19 after pretreatment is within a preset range to ensure good adhesion between the coating and the workpiece; degreasing is performed by combining chemical degreasing with ultrasonic degreasing.

[0056] Preparation of the electroplating tank: injecting the filtered and purified electroplating solution into the electroplating tank 15, controlling the temperature of the electroplating solution within a predetermined range, and maintaining the temperature stable through a thermostat during the electroplating process, while monitoring and adjusting the pH value of the electroplating solution within a set threshold;

[0057] Anode hanger installation and debugging: install the anode hanger at the designated position in the electroplating tank 15, adjust the adjustable bolt assembly to adapt the shape and curvature of the hemispherical titanium basket 1 to the large workpiece 19 to be electroplated, ensure that the top of the hemispherical titanium basket 1 is accurately aligned with the center of the large workpiece 19, and check the reliability of the connection between the hook 4 and the power supply;

[0058] Workpiece suspension and positioning: Use the cathode hanger to hang the pre-treated large workpiece 19 in the electroplating tank 15, so that the large workpiece and the anode hanger maintain a predetermined distance, and the layout of the large workpiece 19 and the anode hanger in the electroplating tank 15 meets the requirement of uniform current distribution;

[0059] Electroplating parameter setting: Set the electroplating current density and electroplating time parameters according to the workpiece material, size and coating requirements. During the electroplating process, the current density can be dynamically adjusted according to the coating growth. The adjustment range of the current density is within the preset range.

[0060] Electroplating process monitoring: During the electroplating process, the concentration, temperature, pH value of the electroplating solution, and the current distribution on the workpiece surface are continuously monitored. When the solution concentration is lower than the set lower limit, the anode material is replenished or the solution composition is adjusted in time. When the current distribution fluctuates abnormally, it is corrected by adjusting the shape or position of the anode hanger.

[0061] The post-plating treatment specifically includes: after the electroplating is completed, the large workpiece 19 is taken out of the electroplating tank, firstly multi-stage cleaning is performed to remove the electroplating solution remaining on the surface of the workpiece, then drying is performed, and finally the coating is quality inspected, and the inspection items include coating thickness, hardness, adhesion, and surface flatness.

[0062] Application Example 1

[0063] The hemispherical anode titanium basket structure of the present invention is applied to the electroplating of nickel mesh electrodes for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis, and the surface of the nickel mesh electrode needs to have a uniform coating to improve its conductivity and catalytic performance. This embodiment describes in detail the electroplating process of the nickel mesh electrode using the titanium basket structure of the present invention.

[0064] 1. Preparation for electroplating process

[0065] 1) Workpiece preparation: The nickel mesh electrode to be electroplated is a porous electrode used for alkaline water electrolysis. The nickel material with a mesh structure has high conductivity and a large specific surface area to improve the electrolysis efficiency. The workpiece is a circular nickel mesh with a diameter of 1.8 meters. It is large in size and has a complex surface structure, so it is necessary to ensure uniform plating thickness.

[0066] 2) Electroplating solution: Use a standard alkaline nickel electroplating solution, which consists of nickel chloride, boric acid and an appropriate amount of additives to ensure that the coating has good conductivity, corrosion resistance and durability. The solution temperature is controlled at around 50°C and the pH value is maintained at 3.5-4.5 to ensure the quality of the coating.

[0067] 3) Electroplating equipment: an electroplating tank equipped with the hemispherical anode titanium basket structure of the present invention is used. The anode is an insoluble titanium basket, and high-purity nickel particles are loaded into the titanium basket through a feeding port to maintain the supply of nickel ions during the electroplating process.

[0068] 2. Installation and adjustment of hemispherical anode titanium basket

[0069] 1) Titanium basket installation: Install the hemispherical anode titanium basket designed by the present invention into the electroplating tank, ensuring that the top of the hemispherical anode is facing the center of the nickel mesh electrode. The distance between the copper bar and the workpiece is maintained at 50 cm to ensure that the charge transfer path is relatively balanced. The position of the anode titanium basket is firmly fixed to the wall of the electroplating tank through the fixing screw holes to avoid any movement or displacement during the electroplating process.

[0070] 2) Bolt adjustment: The 5 adjustment bolts of the titanium basket are evenly distributed at the bottom and middle of the hemisphere. Adjust the size of the middle bolt 5 to 30cm, and adjust the size of bolts 6-9 to 20cm to maintain the arc of the semicircle. Figure 3 )

[0071] 3. Electroplating process

[0072] 1) Step 1: Workpiece suspension

[0073] The nickel mesh electrode to be electroplated is suspended in parallel in the electroplating tank through the cathode hanger, ensuring that its surface remains parallel to the bottom plates of the two anode titanium baskets.

[0074] 2) Step 2: Plating current setting

[0075] After the power is turned on, the applied current density is controlled at 50-150A / m 2 The electroplating voltage is controlled at about 2.5V. Due to the design of the hemispherical anode titanium basket, the current is gradually distributed from the top of the anode titanium basket to the edge of the workpiece, ensuring the uniformity of the current density on the workpiece surface. According to actual needs, the current distribution can be further optimized by adjusting the arc of the bolt to ensure that every part of the workpiece can obtain a uniform current supply.

[0076] 3) Step 3: Electroplating process control

[0077] During the entire electroplating process, the temperature, pH value and current density of the electroplating solution are kept stable. The composition of the solution is regularly tested to ensure that the concentration of nickel ions meets the electroplating requirements.

[0078] 4) Step 4: Coating inspection and adjustment

[0079] The thickness of the coating is checked by a thickness gauge to see if it is uniform. If a large local thickness difference is found, the bolts can be adjusted to change the curvature of the hemispherical titanium basket to further balance the current density.

[0080] 4. Workpiece processing after electroplating

[0081] 1) Removal and cleaning: After electroplating is completed, remove the nickel mesh electrode from the electroplating tank and thoroughly clean the workpiece with deionized water to ensure that the residual electroplating solution is completely removed.

[0082] 2) Drying and inspection: The cleaned nickel mesh electrode is subjected to low-temperature drying to prevent oxidation of the coating. After drying, the coating thickness is fully tested using professional instruments to ensure uniform thickness, smooth surface and no obvious defects.

[0083] 3) Performance test: After testing the electroplated nickel mesh, it was found that its edge and center positions had exactly the same morphology and structure. Figure 4 The morphology of the nickel mesh electrode after electroplating includes the morphology 31 of the nickel mesh edge after electroplating and the morphology 32 of the nickel mesh center after electroplating, which can be seen to have good consistency.

[0084] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anode rack for electroplating large workpieces, characterized in that: include: A titanium basket bottom plate (2), wherein a hook (4) is provided on the titanium basket bottom plate (2); A hemispherical titanium basket (1) is connected to the titanium basket bottom plate (2), the top of the hemispherical titanium basket (1) is facing the central part of the large workpiece (19), and the hemispherical titanium basket (1) changes the distribution of the charge transfer path, shortens the current path in the central area of ​​the large workpiece (19) and relatively lengthens the path in the edge area, thereby reducing the voltage drop in the middle of the large workpiece (19), balancing the current density on the surface of the large workpiece (19), and thus improving the uniformity of the coating thickness; An adjustable bolt assembly comprises a plurality of bolts connecting the bottom plane and the spherical surface of the hemispherical titanium basket (1). By changing the length of each bolt in the adjustable bolt assembly, the hemispherical titanium basket (1) can be deformed, thereby adjusting the shape and curvature of the hemispherical titanium basket (1) to adapt to large workpieces (19) of different shapes and sizes and different electroplating requirements.

2. The anode rack for electroplating of large workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hemispherical titanium basket (1) is a hemispherical shell structure.

3. The anode rack for electroplating of large workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hemispherical titanium basket (1) is provided with a feeding port (3) for loading anode materials required for electroplating.

4. The anode rack for electroplating of large workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hook (4) and the titanium basket bottom plate (2) are both made of conductive metal material, and both have rust-proof coatings on their surfaces.

5. The anode rack for electroplating of large workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable bolt assembly has five bolts, one of which connects the bottom plane and the top of the hemispherical titanium basket (1), and the other four are evenly distributed between the middle part and the bottom plane of the hemispherical titanium basket (1), and each bolt is equipped with a corresponding nut to facilitate adjustment.

6. The anode rack for electroplating of large workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding port (3) is provided with an openable and closable lid, and a sealing structure is provided at the connection portion between the lid and the feeding port (3). After the anode material is loaded, the lid is closed to reduce the loss of the anode material during the electroplating process and to prevent foreign matter from entering.

7. The anode rack for electroplating of large workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner surface of the hemispherical titanium basket (1) is provided with a roughening treatment layer to increase the friction between the anode material and the inner surface of the titanium basket, thereby preventing the anode material from excessively displacing due to vibration or current during the electroplating process.

8. A method for electroplating a large workpiece using the anode rack according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Preparation of the electroplating tank: injecting the electroplating solution that has been filtered and purified into the electroplating tank (15), controlling the temperature of the electroplating solution within a predetermined range, and maintaining the temperature stable through a constant temperature device during the electroplating process, while monitoring and adjusting the pH value of the electroplating solution within a set threshold; Anode hanger installation and debugging: install the anode hanger at a designated position in the electroplating tank (15), adjust the adjustable bolt assembly to adapt the shape and curvature of the hemispherical titanium basket (1) to the large workpiece (19) to be electroplated, ensure that the top of the hemispherical titanium basket (1) is accurately aligned with the center of the large workpiece (19), and check the reliability of the connection between the hook (4) and the power supply; Workpiece suspension and positioning: the pre-treated large workpiece (19) is suspended in the electroplating tank (15) using a cathode hanger, so that a predetermined distance is maintained between the large workpiece and the anode hanger, and the layout of the large workpiece (19) and the anode hanger in the electroplating tank (15) meets the requirement of uniform current distribution; Electroplating parameter setting: Set the electroplating current density and electroplating time parameters according to the workpiece material, size and coating requirements. During the electroplating process, the current density can be dynamically adjusted according to the coating growth. The adjustment range of the current density is within the preset range. Electroplating process monitoring: During the electroplating process, the concentration, temperature, pH value of the electroplating solution, and the current distribution on the workpiece surface are continuously monitored. When the solution concentration is lower than the set lower limit, the anode material is replenished or the solution composition is adjusted in time. When the current distribution fluctuates abnormally, it is corrected by adjusting the shape or position of the anode hanger.

9. A large workpiece electroplating method for large workpiece electroplating according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes workpiece pretreatment, specifically including: degreasing, rust removal, and cleaning operations on the large workpiece (19) to make the surface of the large workpiece (19) reach a clean state suitable for electroplating, and the surface roughness of the large workpiece (19) after pretreatment is within a preset range to ensure good adhesion between the plating layer and the workpiece; The oil removal adopts the combination of chemical oil removal and ultrasonic oil removal.

10. A large workpiece electroplating method for large workpiece electroplating according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method also includes post-plating treatment, which specifically includes: after the electroplating is completed, the large workpiece (19) is taken out from the electroplating tank, firstly subjected to multi-stage cleaning to remove the electroplating solution remaining on the surface of the workpiece, then subjected to drying treatment, and finally subjected to quality inspection of the coating, wherein the inspection items include coating thickness, hardness, adhesion, and surface flatness.

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