Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype group monitoring

Abstract

The invention discloses an Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype group monitoring, and relates to the field of plant stomatal image data acquisition, and the system comprises a stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine, a Mesh networking router, and a plurality of plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminals. The stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine is used for setting acquisition information and sending the acquisition information to the plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal through the Mesh networking router; the plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal comprises a control module, an image acquisition module, a leaf fixing module and a focusing unit; the image acquisition module comprises an electronic eyepiece, a coaxial lens barrel and a metallographic objective lens; the focusing unit is used for lifting the coaxial lens cone; and the control module is used for receiving acquisition information from the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine, and controlling the focused electronic eyepiece to acquire data of the plant stomatal phenotype of the leaf to be detected according to the image acquisition frequency in the acquisition information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of plant stomatal image data collection, and in particular to an Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring. Background Art

[0002] Stomata are small holes surrounded by guard cells on the epidermal tissue of plant leaves. They are the means for plants to communicate with the outside world. 2 O and CO 2 Stomata are important portals for gas exchange, directly affecting plant transpiration and photosynthesis, and thus affecting plant yield and quality. Stomata phenotype greatly affects plant physiology (such as stress response) and ecological processes (such as carbon fixation and transpiration). For example, drought and water shortage can reduce the opening of leaf stomata, inhibit transpiration and photosynthesis, and lead to a sharp drop in crop grain yield; pathogens can invade the interior of the plant through stomata, leading to outbreaks of diseases such as stripe rust, powdery mildew and fusarium smut in plants such as wheat, seriously affecting the formation of crop grain quality. Therefore, exploring the morphology of leaf stomata and their changing patterns is of great significance for in-depth analysis of their role in plant growth and environmental response, clarifying the effects of stomata on plant growth and development and yield and quality formation, and ensuring the safety of my country's grain production.

[0003] In situ dynamic monitoring of stomata is the basis for analyzing the morphological and kinematic phenotypes of plant stomata. Traditional stomatal observation methods such as the imprinting method are to evenly apply sticky materials such as nail polish on the leaf surface, separate them from the leaves after air drying, and thus obtain the imprint of stomatal morphology. Although the principle is simple and the observation cost is low, the imprinting needs to be prepared and placed on a desktop microscope for observation. The observation results are affected by multiple factors such as leaf texture and preparation effect, and it is impossible to achieve non-destructive continuous observation of living organisms in situ. At the individual scale, real-time monitoring of stomata of plants such as wheat in agricultural production plays an important monitoring and early warning role in water and fertilizer management of farmland. However, the existing microscopic imaging equipment is bulky, the power supply wiring is messy, the operation is cumbersome, the integration is low, and the synergy is poor. It is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale in situ, non-destructive, dynamic and continuous observation in the study of stomatal circadian rhythm and its response to environmental changes. At the population scale, if you want to mine stomatal-related candidate genes through forward genetics and other means, you need to artificially collect or construct natural populations, inbred populations and other materials, and combine sequencing data with population stomatal phenotype data for whole genome association analysis.

[0004] However, traditional manual observation methods, such as the blotting method, require the leaves to be specially processed and prepared before being observed under a microscope. This process is cumbersome and time-consuming, and cannot meet the needs of non-destructive, dynamic and continuous observation of stomatal phenotype images of large-scale population materials, nor can it achieve non-destructive and continuous observation of living organisms in situ, which leads to low efficiency in obtaining stomatal phenotype data of large-scale population materials. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides an Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring, which is used to solve the above-mentioned problem existing in the prior art, that is, how to improve the efficiency of obtaining stomatal phenotype data of large-scale population materials in the prior art. The system comprises: Stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine, Mesh network router and multiple plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminals; The stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine is used to set the collection information and send the collection information to each plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal through the Mesh networking router; The plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal is deployed in a distributed manner in the area to be monitored, and includes a control module, an image acquisition module, a leaf fixing module and a focusing unit; The image acquisition module comprises a bracket, an electronic eyepiece, a coaxial lens barrel and a metallographic objective lens; the focusing unit is fixedly arranged on the bracket; the coaxial lens barrel is fixedly mounted on the focusing unit; the upper end and the lower end of the coaxial lens barrel are respectively connected to the electronic eyepiece and the metallographic objective lens through a threaded interface; the focusing unit drives the coaxial lens barrel to move up and down; The blade fixing module is mounted below the metallographic objective lens and is used to fix the blade to be inspected; The control module is used to receive the acquisition information from the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine, and control the acquisition of the image or video data of the plant stomatal phenotype of the leaf to be detected by the focused electronic eyepiece according to the image acquisition frequency in the acquisition information.

[0006] Optionally, the blade fixing module includes a first cross screw, a compression spring, a grid pressure plate, a transparent acrylic plate, a pin column and a leaf clamp bracket; one end of the leaf clamp bracket is fixed to the bracket by a hand screw, and the other end is fixedly connected to the transparent acrylic plate; one end of the first cross screw passes through the grid pressure plate and is threadedly fixed to the transparent acrylic plate; the compression spring is sleeved on the first cross screw, and one end of the compression spring is fixed to the top of the grid pressure plate; one end of the pin column passes through the transparent acrylic plate and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the grid pressure plate; the pin column is slidingly matched with the transparent acrylic plate.

[0007] Optionally, the focusing unit includes an image acquisition module fixing unit, a coarse focusing screw and a fine focusing screw; the image acquisition module fixing unit is fixed on the bracket by a butterfly screw; the image acquisition module fixing unit is provided with a sliding groove, and the coaxial lens barrel is slidably arranged in the sliding groove of the image acquisition module fixing unit through a moving part; the coarse focusing screw and the fine focusing screw are rotatably arranged on the image acquisition module fixing unit, and are transmission-connected to the moving part, driving the moving part to move up and down relative to the image acquisition module fixing unit, thereby driving the coaxial lens barrel to move up and down.

[0008] Optionally, the plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal also includes a light source adjustment unit; the light source adjustment unit includes a white cold light source, a second cross screw, a light source adjustment knob and a light source adjustment knob bracket, and the second cross screw passes through the light source adjustment knob bracket and is fixed to the bracket; the white cold light source is arranged at the bottom of the leaf fixing module, and the brightness of the white cold light source is adjusted by the light source adjustment knob.

[0009] Optionally, the control module is also used to encode and decode the acquired image or video data of the plant stomatal phenotype, and send the processed data to the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal control machine via wireless communication.

[0010] Optionally, the plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal further includes a solar module, which is electrically connected to the control module and is used to convert light energy into electrical energy to supply power to the control module.

[0011] Optionally, the Mesh networking router includes a Mesh main router and multiple Mesh sub-routers; wherein, remote communication is carried out between the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine and the Mesh main router, between the Mesh main router and multiple Mesh sub-routers, and between multiple Mesh sub-routers and multiple plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminals via wireless communication.

[0012] Optionally, the Mesh networking router is also used to transmit image or video data of plant stomatal phenotype to a cloud management platform for storage via wireless communication.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides an Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring. The system is based on Mesh networking technology and deploys multiple observation nodes in the area to be monitored. Each node can work independently and cooperate with each other to ensure the continuity and reliability of data collection. The monitoring terminal can be remotely controlled through the network, and the stomatal phenotype image or video of large-scale population materials can be non-destructively observed without destroying the plant samples, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of acquiring stomatal phenotype data of large-scale population materials; in addition, the monitoring terminal uses advanced imaging technology to perform static and dynamic data acquisition modes to capture the morphological changes of stomata in real time. Combined with the Internet of Things technology, it can achieve high-throughput acquisition of stomatal phenotype data of leaves of large-scale breeding lines, as well as non-destructive, dynamic and continuous observation of stomatal phenotype images, thereby improving the efficiency of acquiring stomatal phenotype data of large-scale population materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a workflow of an Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is an overall schematic diagram of a stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal for multiple species of stomatal plants in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a terminal for monitoring stomatal phenotypes of multi-species stomatal plants according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of an image acquisition module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a blade fixing module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a fixing unit and a focusing unit of an image acquisition module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a light source adjustment unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a control box in an embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1. Image acquisition module; 2. Blade fixing module; 3. Solar module; 4. Image acquisition module fixing unit; 5. Focusing unit; 6. Light source adjustment unit; 7. Control box; 8. Bracket; 9. USB transmission line; 10. Electronic eyepiece; 11. Coaxial lens barrel; 12. Metallographic objective lens; 13. First cross screw; 14. Compression spring; 15. Tic-tac-toe pressure plate; 16. Transparent acrylic plate; 17. Ejector column; 18. White cold light source; 19. Butterfly screw; 20. Fine focusing screw; 21. Solar panel; 22. Coarse focusing screw; 23. Thumb screw; 24. Leaf clamp bracket; 25. Second cross screw; 26. Light source adjustment knob; 27. Light source adjustment knob bracket; 28. WiFi antenna; 29. ​​Control module; 30. Lithium battery; 31. Power switch button; 32. USB waterproof interface; 33. Cooling fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention and how the technical solution of the present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a workflow of an Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1As shown, the present embodiment shows an Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring, including: a stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine, a Mesh networking router and multiple plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminals; the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine is used to set the collection information, and send the collection information to each plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal through the Mesh networking router; the plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal is deployed in a distributed manner in the monitored area, including a control module 29, an image acquisition module 1, a leaf fixing module 2 and a focusing unit 5; the image acquisition module 1 includes a bracket 8, an electronic eyepiece 10, and a plurality of The electronic eyepiece 10 and the metallographic objective lens 12 are connected to each other through a threaded interface. The focusing unit 5 drives the coaxial eyepiece 11 to move up and down. The leaf fixing module 2 is set under the metallographic objective lens 12 to fix the leaves to be detected. The control module 29 is used to receive the collection information from the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal control machine, and control the collection of the image or video data of the plant stomatal phenotype of the leaves to be detected by the electronic eyepiece 10 after focusing according to the image collection frequency in the collection information.

[0019] Exemplarily, the plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal is first deployed in each test area that needs to be monitored, and each plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal, Mesh networking router and stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine are connected to the same wireless network. In this implementation, the computer PC can be used as the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine, and the serial number of each terminal device is ensured to be displayed in the operating software, so that the computer PC, Mesh networking router and plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal can communicate with each other through WiFi signals. Set the acquisition parameters on the computer PC software, such as magnification, exposure time, white balance, etc.; the control module is used to receive the acquisition information, and control the image acquisition module of each plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal through the acquisition information, and then each terminal starts to execute the acquisition task, and after taking the photo, the image is encoded and decoded, and transmitted back to the computer PC through the Mesh networking router, and saved in the local folder corresponding to the terminal number.

[0020] For example, by adopting Mesh networking technology, each plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal can communicate directly with other plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminals to form a decentralized network. Each node is both a receiver and a transmitter of data. This network structure improves the stability and scalability of the system. Even if a node fails, other nodes can still continue to work.

[0021] For example, the system can be equipped with solar panels and battery modules. The battery module can select lithium batteries to power the main control module. In field outdoor application scenarios, it can also easily cope with power supply problems, providing full protection for the use of the equipment in complex scenarios.

[0022] Exemplarily, the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine and the Mesh main router, the Mesh main router and multiple Mesh sub-routers, and multiple Mesh sub-routers and multiple plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminals can be wirelessly connected and remotely communicated via WiFi signals.

[0023] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal includes an image acquisition module 1, a leaf fixing module 2, a solar module 3, a focusing unit 5, a light source adjustment unit 6, a control box 7 integrating a battery module and a control module, and a bracket 8.

[0024] like Figures 4 to 7As shown, the image acquisition module 1 includes an electronic eyepiece 10, a coaxial lens barrel 11 and a metallographic objective lens 12, which are used to collect images or video data of plant stomatal phenotypes; the leaf fixing module 2 includes a first cross screw 13, a compression spring 14, a tic-tac-toe grid pressure plate 15, a transparent acrylic plate 16, a pin column 17 and a leaf clamp bracket 24; one end of the leaf clamp bracket 24 is fixed to the bracket 8 by a hand screw 23, and the other end is fixedly connected to the transparent acrylic plate 16; one end of the first cross screw 13 passes through the tic-tac-toe grid pressure plate 15 and is threadedly fixed to the transparent acrylic plate 16; the compression spring 14 is sleeved on the first cross screw 13, and one end of the compression spring 14 is fixed to the top of the tic-tac-toe grid pressure plate 15; one end of the pin column 17 passes through the transparent acrylic plate 16 and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the tic-tac-toe grid pressure plate 15; the pin column 17 is slidably matched with the transparent acrylic plate 16; the solar module 3 is electrically connected to the control module 29, and is used to convert light energy into electrical energy to power the control module 29 ; The focusing unit 5 includes an image acquisition module fixing unit 4, a coarse focusing screw 22 and a fine focusing screw 20; the image acquisition module fixing unit 4 is fixedly arranged on the bracket 8 by a butterfly screw 19; the image acquisition module fixing unit 4 is provided with a sliding groove, and the coaxial lens barrel 11 is slidably arranged in the sliding groove of the image acquisition module fixing unit 4 by a moving member; the coarse focusing screw 22 and the fine focusing screw 20 are rotatably arranged on the image acquisition module fixing unit 4, and are transmission-connected with the moving member, driving the moving member to move up and down relative to the image acquisition module fixing unit 4, driving the coaxial lens barrel 11 to move up and down; the light source adjustment unit 6 includes a white cold light source 18, a second cross screw 25, a light source adjustment knob 26 and a light source adjustment knob bracket 27, and the second cross screw 25 passes through the light source adjustment knob bracket 27 and is fixed to the bracket 8; the white cold light source 18 is arranged at the bottom of the blade fixing module 2, and the brightness of the white cold light source 18 is adjusted by the light source adjustment knob 26.

[0025] Exemplarily, the movable member arranged in the sliding groove of the image acquisition module fixing unit 4 can be, for example, a rack, and the coarse focusing screw 22 and the fine focusing screw 20 can be respectively driven by meshing with the rack through gears to drive the movable member to move up and down relative to the image acquisition module fixing unit 4.

[0026] like Figure 8 As shown, the system integrates the control module 29, lithium battery 30, cooling fan 33, power switch button 31, and USB waterproof interface 32 into a control box 7 at the bottom of the plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal to ensure the stability and efficiency of the equipment during long-term operation.

[0027] Exemplarily, when the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal of multi-species stomatal plants starts to collect images, the USB transmission line 9 connects the electronic eyepiece 10 and the control module 29 through the USB waterproof interface 32. The USB3.0 interface enables the electronic eyepiece and the control board to establish high-speed serial port communication, ensuring the stability and speed of data transmission. The electronic eyepiece 10, the coaxial lens barrel 11, and the metallographic objective lens 12 are connected together to form an image acquisition module 1, which has a large magnification range and meets the observation requirements of stomata of plant leaves of different sizes; the two first cross screws 13 and two compression springs 14 of the leaf fixing module 2 fix the tic-tac-toe grid pressure plate 15 and the transparent acrylic plate 16 below to the leaf clamp bracket 24, and the two ejector posts 17 below cooperate with the tic-tac-toe grid pressure plate 15, and are used in conjunction with the first cross screw 13 and the compression spring 14 on the upper part to achieve the effect of both fixing the leaves and realizing non-destructive observation.

[0028] In this embodiment, both static and dynamic data collection modes are supported. In the static mode, it can meet the needs of researchers for collecting various plant stomatal phenotype image data, which is convenient for researchers to analyze the morphological characteristics of stomata later. The dynamic mode can continuously and high-throughput collect a large amount of plant stomatal phenotype video data, providing an efficient analysis method for in-depth exploration of physiological characteristics such as the opening and closing state and opening and closing time of plant leaf stomata. This efficient and flexible data collection function significantly improves the depth and breadth of plant physiological research.

[0029] Exemplarily, in the static data acquisition mode, first place the in vitro plant on the leaf fixing module to ensure that the white cold light source is located below the leaf fixing module to provide uniform lighting. By operating the coarse focusing screw 22, the user can adjust the coaxial lens barrel 11 in the image acquisition module 1 to move it to a suitable vertical position; after completing the position adjustment, use the fine focusing screw 20 for fine adjustment to optimize the clarity of the stomatal image in the field of view. Send instructions through the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine to set the photo-taking time interval, and observe the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal to execute the task to complete the static acquisition of the stomatal phenotype image; In the dynamic data acquisition mode, the system can perform high-throughput, lossless dynamic continuous video data acquisition, adjust the leaves to a suitable observation position, repeat the adjustment steps in the static data acquisition mode, adjust the position of the coaxial lens barrel 11 through the coarse focusing screw 22, and fine-tune the field of view and image clarity through the fine focusing screw 20, and adjust the light source brightness to ensure that the contrast between the stomata and the background in the video is clear and visible. Similarly, the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine issues instructions to start the dynamic acquisition of stomatal phenotype data.

[0030] For example, when collecting stomatal images, a pure white cold light source can be used. This light source not only meets the brightness requirements for observing the stomatal pores of plant leaves, but also avoids the damage to the leaves caused by the heating of the light source during long-term observation. With this light source, the collected stomatal phenotype images are clearer, greatly improving the efficiency of later image processing, such as image segmentation. In addition, the brightness of the light source itself can be adjusted through the light source adjustment knob, thereby accurately acquiring the stomatal phenotype of the plant without affecting the circadian rhythm of the plant itself.

[0031] Exemplarily, the white cold light source 18 is fixed to the light source adjustment knob 26 of the light source adjustment knob bracket 27 by the second cross screw 25 to adjust the brightness. The fine focusing screw 20 and the coarse focusing screw 22 provided in the focusing unit 5 can not only raise and lower the coaxial lens barrel 11 but also adjust the focal length. The image acquisition module 1 and the leaf fixing module 2 are connected to the aluminum profile rod by the butterfly screw 19 and the hand screw 23. The heights of both can be freely adjusted to meet the needs of stomata observation of plant leaves at different heights. The solar module 3 is equipped with a square solar panel 21, which converts solar radiation energy into electrical energy and stores it in the lithium battery 30 of the control box 7. When the power switch button 31 is turned on, the lithium battery 30 simultaneously powers the control module 29 and the white cold light source 18. The WiFi antenna 28 is used to receive the collection information set by the PC and transmit it to the control module 29. The cooling fan 33 is used to exhaust and cool down to ensure that the working temperature in the control box 7 is appropriate.

[0032] For example, after obtaining the plant stomatal phenotype image data, it can be transmitted to the cloud management platform for storage via wireless communication to facilitate subsequent centralized processing and analysis to reduce the amount of data transmission.

[0033] The leaf clamp in the plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal provided by the present invention can be composed of two layers, the upper layer can be made of an aluminum alloy thin plate with a central circular tic-tac-toe grid and full of circular small holes around it, so as to facilitate gas exchange of leaf cells outside the observation area; the lower layer can be made of a transparent acrylic plate full of matrix small holes, which is convenient for the bottom light source to penetrate and gas to circulate; the entire leaf clamp is fixed by two diagonal screws with springs, which on the one hand increases the adjustment distance of the leaf clamp and can cope with the observation of plant leaves of different sizes and shapes, and on the other hand enhances the pressure on the upper surface of the leaf, so that the observation area can be flatter and more conducive to observation. At the same time, the lower part is also equipped with two ejector pins, which are used in conjunction with the spring screws on the upper part to achieve the effect of fixing the leaves and realizing non-destructive observation.

[0034] In this embodiment, whether it is static image acquisition or dynamic video recording, the present invention can effectively meet the observation needs of the stomata of various plant leaves and realize non-destructive observation. Combined with the Internet of Things technology, this system can also realize high-throughput acquisition of stomatal phenotype image data of leaves of large-scale breeding lines, greatly improving the image data acquisition efficiency and data quality.

[0035] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring, characterized in that: It includes a stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine, a Mesh networking router, and multiple plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminals; The stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine is used to set the collection information and send the collection information to each plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal through the Mesh networking router; The plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal is deployed in a distributed manner in the area to be monitored, and comprises a control module (29), an image acquisition module (1), a leaf fixing module (2) and a focusing unit (5); The image acquisition module (1) comprises a bracket (8), an electronic eyepiece (10), a coaxial lens barrel (11) and a metallographic objective lens (12); the focusing unit (5) is fixedly arranged on the bracket (8); the coaxial lens barrel (11) is fixedly mounted on the focusing unit (5); the upper end and the lower end of the coaxial lens barrel (11) are respectively connected to the electronic eyepiece (10) and the metallographic objective lens (12) via threaded interfaces; the focusing unit (5) drives the coaxial lens barrel (11) to move up and down; The blade fixing module (2) is mounted below the metallographic objective lens (12) and is used to fix the blade to be inspected; The control module (29) is used to receive acquisition information from the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine, and control the focusing electronic eyepiece (10) to acquire images or video data of the stomatal phenotype of the plant leaf to be detected according to the image acquisition frequency in the acquisition information.

2. The Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The blade fixing module (2) comprises a first cross screw (13), a compression spring (14), a grid pressing plate (15), a transparent acrylic plate (16), a pin column (17) and a leaf clamp bracket (24); one end of the leaf clamp bracket (24) is fixed to the bracket (8) by a hand screw (23), and the other end is fixedly connected to the transparent acrylic plate (16); one end of the first cross screw (13) passes through the grid pressing plate (15) and is threadedly fixed to the transparent acrylic plate (16); the compression spring (14) is sleeved on the first cross screw (13), and one end of the compression spring is fixed to the top of the grid pressing plate (15); one end of the pin column (17) passes through the transparent acrylic plate (16) and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the grid pressing plate (15); the pin column (17) is slidably matched with the transparent acrylic plate (16).

3. The Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The focusing unit (5) comprises an image acquisition module fixing unit (4), a coarse focusing screw (22) and a fine focusing screw (20); the image acquisition module fixing unit (4) is fixedly arranged on the bracket (8) by means of a butterfly screw (19); the image acquisition module fixing unit (4) is provided with a sliding groove, and the coaxial lens barrel (11) is slidingly arranged in the sliding groove of the image acquisition module fixing unit (4) by means of a moving part; the coarse focusing screw (22) and the fine focusing screw (20) are rotatably arranged on the image acquisition module fixing unit (4), and are transmission-connected to the moving part, so as to drive the moving part to move up and down relative to the image acquisition module fixing unit (4), thereby driving the coaxial lens barrel (11) to move up and down.

4. The Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal further comprises a light source adjustment unit (6); the light source adjustment unit (6) comprises a white cold light source (18), a second cross screw (25), a light source adjustment knob (26) and a light source adjustment knob bracket (27); the second cross screw (25) passes through the light source adjustment knob bracket (27) and is fixed to the bracket (8); the white cold light source (18) is arranged at the bottom of the leaf fixing module (2); the brightness of the white cold light source (18) is adjusted by the light source adjustment knob (26).

5. The Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The control module is also used to encode and decode the acquired image or video data of the plant stomatal phenotype, and send the processed data to the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine via wireless communication.

6. The Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal further comprises a solar module (3), wherein the solar module (3) is electrically connected to the control module (29) and is used to convert light energy into electrical energy to supply power to the control module (29).

7. The Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The Mesh networking router includes a Mesh main router and multiple Mesh sub-routers; wherein, remote communication is performed between the stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminal centralized control machine and the Mesh main router, between the Mesh main router and multiple Mesh sub-routers, and between multiple Mesh sub-routers and multiple plant stomatal phenotype image monitoring terminals via wireless communication.

8. The Internet of Things distributed system suitable for multi-species stomatal phenotype population monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The Mesh networking router is also used to transmit the image or video data of the plant stomatal phenotype to the cloud management platform for storage through wireless communication.

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