Battery management system based on MCU and battery protection method

Abstract

The invention discloses an MCU-based battery management system and a battery protection method.The battery management system comprises a fault monitoring module, a state monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module and an MCU module, the fault monitoring module comprises a monitoring subunit and a switch processing unit, the fault monitoring module is used for monitoring the state of each single battery of a battery pack, and the temperature monitoring module is used for monitoring the state of each single battery of the battery pack; the fault monitoring module is connected with the MCU; the state monitoring module comprises a battery posture obtaining unit and an alarm processing unit, the state monitoring module is used for monitoring the posture state of the battery pack and monitoring whether the battery pack has a bulge or not, and the state monitoring module is connected with the MCU. The system has the beneficial effects that the fault monitoring module can monitor the current and voltage of each single battery of the battery pack when the battery pack is charged and discharged, when the current or voltage of a certain single battery goes wrong, a connecting line for connecting the single battery and the battery pack in series is cut off in time, and when one single battery goes wrong, the fault of the battery pack can be monitored. And the battery pack can still be used.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery management systems, and in particular to a battery management system and a battery protection method based on an MCU. Background Art

[0002] The battery management system is the link between the battery and the user. Its purpose is to improve the battery utilization rate, extend the battery life, and monitor the battery usage status.

[0003] For example, the application number is CN210074042U and the announcement date is 2020.02.14, a battery management system includes: a printed circuit board PCB; a battery cell and a BMS controller arranged on the PCB; the battery cell and the BMS controller are electrically connected through wires located in the PCB board; a soldering pad is also provided on the PCB board, and the soldering pad is used to solder and fix the battery; the soldering pad is connected to the BMS controller through wires in the PCB.

[0004] The battery management systems mentioned above and in the prior art have the following disadvantages:

[0005] (1) Usually the entire battery pack is monitored, but each single cell in the battery pack cannot be monitored and managed. When a problem occurs in one of the single cells, the entire battery pack cannot be used any more.

[0006] (2) Usually, the battery pack is always cooled, which is not convenient for cooling when the battery pack temperature is detected to be too high. When the battery pack temperature is not high in cold weather and no cooling is needed, the battery pack is still cooled, wasting power resources;

[0007] (3) It is usually not convenient to monitor the bulging of the battery pack. The bulging of the battery pack can only be found when the battery pack is checked. When the bulging is serious, the danger is high. If it is not discovered in time, it will cause serious consequences;

[0008] Therefore, it is urgent to design a battery management system and battery protection method based on MCU to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a battery management system and a battery protection method based on MCU to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0011] A battery management system based on MCU, including a fault monitoring module, a state monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module and an MCU module.

[0012] The fault monitoring module includes a monitoring subunit and a switch processing unit. The fault monitoring module is used to monitor the status of each single battery of the battery pack. The fault monitoring module is connected to the MCU.

[0013] The state monitoring module includes a battery posture acquisition unit and an alarm processing unit. The state monitoring module is used to monitor the posture state of the battery pack and monitor whether the battery pack has bulges. The state monitoring module is connected to the MCU;

[0014] The temperature monitoring module includes a temperature sensing unit and a heat dissipation processing unit. The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature of the battery pack in real time. The temperature monitoring module is connected to the MCU.

[0015] The MCU module includes a data storage unit, a comparison unit and a control unit. The MCU module is used to compare the corresponding data monitored by the fault monitoring module, the state monitoring module and the temperature monitoring module with the data in the data storage unit. When there is a problem with the data, the corresponding processing unit is controlled and driven. The comparison unit includes a fault data comparison subunit, a state abnormality comparison subunit and a temperature comparison subunit; the control unit includes an electronic switch control subunit, an alarm switch control subunit and a heat dissipation switch control subunit.

[0016] Furthermore, the number of the monitoring subunits and the switch processing units is the same as the number of single cells included in the battery pack, and a monitoring subunit and a switch processing unit are provided on the line where each single cell is connected in series with the battery pack.

[0017] Furthermore, the monitoring subunit is used to monitor the current and voltage of the battery pack during charging and discharging, and the switch processing unit is used to disconnect the faulty battery from the battery pack series circuit switch according to the voltage and current data of the battery detected by the detection module.

[0018] Furthermore, the battery posture acquisition unit is used to monitor the external posture of the battery pack, and the alarm processing unit generates an alarm according to the external posture of the battery pack.

[0019] Furthermore, the monitoring subunit includes a current sensor and a voltage sensor installed on the series circuit between the single battery and the battery pack, the battery posture acquisition unit is a monitoring camera installed on the battery pack, and the temperature sensing unit is a temperature sensor installed on the battery pack.

[0020] Furthermore, the switch processing unit is a switch installed on the single battery and battery pack series circuit on the battery pack, the alarm processing unit is a buzzer alarm switch installed on the battery pack, and the heat dissipation processing unit is a heat dissipation mechanism installed in the battery pack.

[0021] Furthermore, the data storage module is used to store fault monitoring current and voltage data, battery pack preset posture data and temperature setting data.

[0022] Furthermore, the fault data comparison subunit is used to compare the current and voltage of the single battery during charging and discharging detected by the monitoring subunit with the current and voltage data stored in the data storage module; the abnormal state comparison subunit is used to compare the edge fixed points of the battery pack image taken by monitoring with the preset posture edge fixed point data stored in the data storage module; the temperature comparison subunit is used to compare the temperature data monitored by the temperature sensor unit with the temperature data stored in the data storage module.

[0023] Furthermore, the control unit includes an electronic switch control subunit, an alarm switch control subunit and a heat dissipation switch control subunit, the electronic switch control subunit is connected to the switch on the series circuit of the single battery and the battery pack, the alarm switch control subunit is connected to the buzzer alarm of the alarm processing unit, and the heat dissipation switch control subunit is connected to the heat dissipation mechanism of the heat dissipation processing unit.

[0024] In addition, a battery protection method is provided, which is applied to the MCU-based battery management system, including a fault monitoring management protection method, a state monitoring management protection method and a temperature monitoring management protection method;

[0025] The fault monitoring management protection method comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1, monitoring the current and voltage of a single battery of the battery pack during charging and discharging through a monitoring subunit, and uploading the monitored current and voltage data to a fault data comparison subunit of a comparison unit of an MCU module;

[0027] S2, the fault data comparison subunit compares the current and voltage data stored in the data storage unit. If the current and voltage data are abnormal, the electronic switch control subunit cuts off the switch on the series circuit of the single battery and the battery pack;

[0028] The condition monitoring management and protection method comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1, photographing the preset posture of the battery pack, obtaining the edge fixed point data of the battery pack, storing the edge fixed point data of the preset posture, and uploading it to the data storage unit of the MCU module;

[0030] S2. Use a monitoring camera to monitor the battery pack, upload the captured image to the abnormal status comparison subunit of the comparison unit of the MCU module, and monitor whether the edge fixed point of the battery pack exceeds the edge fixed point of the preset posture;

[0031] S3, the state abnormality comparison subunit compares the edge fixed point of the battery pack image taken by the detection camera with the preset posture edge fixed point. If the edge fixed point of the battery pack image exceeds the preset posture edge fixed point, it is a battery bulge, and the MCU module turns on the buzzer alarm switch of the alarm processing unit to sound an alarm;

[0032] The temperature monitoring management protection method comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1. The temperature monitoring module monitors the temperature of the battery pack in real time and sends the monitored temperature data to the temperature comparison subunit of the comparison unit of the MCU module;

[0034] S2. The temperature comparison subunit compares the received temperature data with the temperature data stored in the data storage module. If the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the heat dissipation switch control subunit turns on the switch of the heat dissipation mechanism of the heat dissipation processing unit to cool the battery pack. When the temperature drops to a real-time monitored temperature lower than the set temperature, the heat dissipation switch control subunit turns off the switch of the heat dissipation mechanism of the heat dissipation processing unit.

[0035] In the above technical solution, the present invention provides a battery management system and a battery protection method based on MCU.

[0036] (1) Through the fault monitoring module, the current and voltage of each single cell of the battery pack can be monitored when the battery pack is charging or discharging. When a problem occurs in the current or voltage of a single cell, the connection line between the single cell and the battery pack is promptly cut off, so that the battery pack can continue to be used when a problem occurs in one of the single cells;

[0037] (2) Through the status monitoring module, the status monitoring module can monitor the posture of the battery pack in real time, monitor and capture images of the battery pack in real time, and compare them with the preset posture. When the edge fixed point data of the monitoring image is different from the edge fixed point of the preset posture, the battery pack is bulging, so as to realize the function of timely understanding the bulging of the battery pack, reduce the danger of using the battery pack, and have higher safety performance;

[0038] (3) Through the set temperature monitoring module, the temperature of the battery pack can be monitored in real time. When the temperature reaches the set value, the heat dissipation mechanism switch is turned on to dissipate the heat of the battery pack in time. When the temperature is low and the battery pack does not need to be dissipated, the heat dissipation mechanism switch is automatically turned off, thereby realizing the automatic heat dissipation function and avoiding the waste of power resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 The present invention is a principle block diagram of a battery management system based on MCU.

[0041] Figure 2 The present invention is a flowchart of a fault monitoring management protection method of a battery protection method.

[0042] Figure 3 The present invention is a flowchart of a battery protection method for monitoring and managing a battery protection method.

[0043] Figure 4 The present invention is a flow chart of a temperature monitoring management protection method of a battery protection method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] like Figure 1-4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery management system based on MCU, including a fault monitoring module, a state monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module and an MCU module.

[0046] The fault monitoring module includes a monitoring subunit and a switch processing unit. The fault monitoring module is used to monitor the status of each single battery of the battery pack. The fault monitoring module is connected to the MCU;

[0047] Specifically, the number of monitoring subunits and switch processing units is the same as the number of single cells included in the battery pack, and a monitoring subunit and a switch processing unit are provided on the line connecting each single cell in series with the battery pack, so as to monitor and disconnect each single cell;

[0048] Specifically, the monitoring subunit is used to monitor the current and voltage of the single battery of the battery pack during charging and discharging, and the switch processing unit is used to disconnect the faulty single battery from the series circuit switch of the battery pack according to the voltage and current data of the single battery detected by the detection module, so that the battery pack can continue to be used when one of the single batteries has a problem;

[0049] The status monitoring module includes a battery posture acquisition unit and an alarm processing unit. The status monitoring module is used to monitor the posture status of the battery pack and monitor whether the battery pack is bulging. The status monitoring module is connected to the MCU;

[0050] Specifically, the battery posture acquisition unit is used to monitor the appearance posture of the battery pack, and the alarm processing unit issues an alarm according to the appearance posture of the battery pack. When the edge fixed point data of the monitoring image is different from the preset posture edge fixed point, the battery pack is bulging;

[0051] The temperature monitoring module includes a temperature sensing unit and a heat dissipation processing unit. The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature of the battery pack in real time. The temperature monitoring module is connected to the MCU;

[0052] The MCU module includes a data storage unit, a comparison unit and a control unit. The MCU module is used to compare the corresponding data monitored by the fault monitoring module, the state monitoring module and the temperature monitoring module with the data in the data storage unit. When there is a problem with the data, the control unit drives the corresponding processing unit. The comparison unit includes a fault data comparison subunit, a state abnormality comparison subunit and a temperature comparison subunit; the control unit includes an electronic switch control subunit, an alarm switch control subunit and a heat dissipation switch control subunit;

[0053] Specifically, the data storage module is used to store fault monitoring current and voltage data, battery pack preset posture data and temperature setting data for comparison of the monitored data;

[0054] Specifically, the fault data comparison subunit is used to compare the current and voltage of the single battery during charging and discharging detected by the monitoring subunit with the current and voltage data stored in the data storage module; the abnormal state comparison subunit is used to compare the edge fixed point of the battery pack image taken by the monitoring with the preset posture edge fixed point data stored in the data storage module; the temperature comparison subunit is used to compare the temperature data monitored by the temperature sensor unit with the temperature data stored in the data storage module;

[0055] Specifically, the control unit includes an electronic switch control subunit, an alarm switch control subunit and a heat dissipation switch control subunit. The electronic switch control subunit is connected to the switch on the series circuit of the single battery and the battery pack, the alarm switch control subunit is connected to the buzzer alarm of the alarm processing unit, and the heat dissipation switch control subunit is connected to the heat dissipation mechanism of the heat dissipation processing unit, and can open and close the switch of the heat dissipation mechanism.

[0056] In one embodiment provided by the present invention, the monitoring subunit includes a current sensor and a voltage sensor installed on the series circuit between the single battery and the battery pack, the current sensor and the voltage sensor can monitor the current and voltage of the single battery during operation, the battery posture acquisition unit is a monitoring camera installed on the battery pack, the monitoring camera can monitor and photograph the battery pack posture, and the temperature sensing unit is a temperature sensor installed on the battery pack, which can monitor the temperature of the battery pack in real time.

[0057] In another embodiment provided by the present invention, the switch processing unit is a switch installed on the single battery and the battery pack series circuit on the battery pack, the alarm processing unit is a buzzer alarm switch installed on the battery pack, and the heat dissipation processing unit is a heat dissipation mechanism installed in the battery pack.

[0058] In addition, a battery protection method is provided, which is applied to the MCU-based battery management system, including a fault monitoring management protection method, a state monitoring management protection method and a temperature monitoring management protection method;

[0059] The fault monitoring management protection method comprises the following steps:

[0060] S1, monitoring the current and voltage of a single battery of the battery pack during charging and discharging through a monitoring subunit, and uploading the monitored current and voltage data to a fault data comparison subunit of a comparison unit of an MCU module;

[0061] S2, the fault data comparison subunit compares the current and voltage data stored in the data storage unit. If the current and voltage data are abnormal, the electronic switch control subunit cuts off the switch on the series circuit of the single battery and the battery pack;

[0062] The condition monitoring management and protection method comprises the following steps:

[0063] S1, photographing the preset posture of the battery pack, obtaining the edge fixed point data of the battery pack, storing the edge fixed point data of the preset posture, and uploading it to the data storage unit of the MCU module;

[0064] S2. Use a monitoring camera to monitor the battery pack, upload the captured image to the abnormal status comparison subunit of the comparison unit of the MCU module, and monitor whether the edge fixed point of the battery pack exceeds the edge fixed point of the preset posture;

[0065] S3, the state abnormality comparison subunit compares the edge fixed point of the battery pack image taken by the detection camera with the preset posture edge fixed point. If the edge fixed point of the battery pack image exceeds the preset posture edge fixed point, it is a battery bulge, and the MCU module turns on the buzzer alarm switch of the alarm processing unit to sound an alarm;

[0066] The temperature monitoring management protection method comprises the following steps:

[0067] S1. The temperature monitoring module monitors the temperature of the battery pack in real time and sends the monitored temperature data to the temperature comparison subunit of the comparison unit of the MCU module;

[0068] S2. The temperature comparison subunit compares the received temperature data with the temperature data stored in the data storage module. If the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the heat dissipation switch control subunit turns on the switch of the heat dissipation mechanism of the heat dissipation processing unit to cool the battery pack. When the temperature drops to a real-time monitored temperature lower than the set temperature, the heat dissipation switch control subunit turns off the switch of the heat dissipation mechanism of the heat dissipation processing unit.

[0069] The above description is only by way of illustration of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It is undoubted that those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery management system based on MCU, comprising a fault monitoring module, a state monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module and an MCU module, characterized in that: The fault monitoring module includes a monitoring subunit and a switch processing unit. The fault monitoring module is used to monitor the status of each single battery of the battery pack. The fault monitoring module is connected to the MCU. The state monitoring module includes a battery posture acquisition unit and an alarm processing unit. The state monitoring module is used to monitor the posture state of the battery pack and monitor whether the battery pack has bulges. The state monitoring module is connected to the MCU; The temperature monitoring module includes a temperature sensing unit and a heat dissipation processing unit. The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature of the battery pack in real time. The temperature monitoring module is connected to the MCU. The MCU module includes a data storage unit, a comparison unit and a control unit. The MCU module is used to compare the corresponding data monitored by the fault monitoring module, the state monitoring module and the temperature monitoring module with the data in the data storage unit. When there is a problem with the data, the corresponding processing unit is controlled and driven. The comparison unit includes a fault data comparison subunit, a state abnormality comparison subunit and a temperature comparison subunit; the control unit includes an electronic switch control subunit, an alarm switch control subunit and a heat dissipation switch control subunit.

2. A battery management system based on MCU according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the monitoring subunits and the switch processing units is the same as the number of the single cells included in the battery pack, and a monitoring subunit and a switch processing unit are arranged on the line where each single cell is connected in series with the battery pack.

3. The MCU-based battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring subunit is used to monitor the current and voltage of the battery pack during charging and discharging, and the switch processing unit is used to disconnect the faulty battery from the battery pack series circuit switch according to the voltage and current data of the battery detected by the detection module.

4. The MCU-based battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery posture acquisition unit is used to monitor the appearance posture of the battery pack, and the alarm processing unit generates an alarm according to the appearance posture of the battery pack.

5. The MCU-based battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring subunit includes a current sensor and a voltage sensor installed on the series circuit between the single battery and the battery pack, the battery posture acquisition unit is a monitoring camera installed on the battery pack, and the temperature sensing unit is a temperature sensor installed on the battery pack.

6. The MCU-based battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch processing unit is a switch installed on the single battery and the battery series circuit on the battery pack, the alarm processing unit is a buzzer alarm switch installed on the battery pack, and the heat dissipation processing unit is a heat dissipation mechanism installed in the battery pack.

7. The MCU-based battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data storage module is used to store fault monitoring current and voltage data, battery pack preset posture data and temperature setting data.

8. The MCU-based battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault data comparison subunit is used to compare the current and voltage of the single battery during charging and discharging detected by the monitoring subunit with the current and voltage data stored in the data storage module; The abnormal state comparison subunit is used to compare the edge fixed points of the battery pack image taken by monitoring with the preset posture edge fixed point data stored in the data storage module; The temperature comparison subunit is used to compare the temperature data monitored by the temperature sensing unit with the temperature data stored in the data storage module.

9. The MCU-based battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit includes an electronic switch control subunit, an alarm switch control subunit and a heat dissipation switch control subunit. The electronic switch control subunit is connected to the switch on the series circuit of the single battery and the battery pack, the alarm switch control subunit is connected to the buzzer alarm of the alarm processing unit, and the heat dissipation switch control subunit is connected to the heat dissipation mechanism of the heat dissipation processing unit.

10. A battery protection method, applied to a battery management system based on MCU as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Including fault monitoring management and protection methods, condition monitoring management and protection methods and temperature monitoring management and protection methods; The fault monitoring management protection method comprises the following steps: S1, monitoring the current and voltage of a single battery of the battery pack during charging and discharging through a monitoring subunit, and uploading the monitored current and voltage data to a fault data comparison subunit of a comparison unit of an MCU module; S2, the fault data comparison subunit compares the current and voltage data stored in the data storage unit. If the current and voltage data are abnormal, the electronic switch control subunit cuts off the switch on the series circuit of the single battery and the battery pack; The condition monitoring management and protection method comprises the following steps: S1, photographing the preset posture of the battery pack, obtaining the edge fixed point data of the battery pack, storing the edge fixed point data of the preset posture, and uploading it to the data storage unit of the MCU module; S2. Use a monitoring camera to monitor the battery pack, upload the captured image to the abnormal status comparison subunit of the comparison unit of the MCU module, and monitor whether the edge fixed point of the battery pack exceeds the edge fixed point of the preset posture; S3, the state abnormality comparison subunit compares the edge fixed point of the battery pack image taken by the detection camera with the preset posture edge fixed point. If the edge fixed point of the battery pack image exceeds the preset posture edge fixed point, it is a battery bulge, and the MCU module turns on the buzzer alarm switch of the alarm processing unit to sound an alarm; The temperature monitoring management protection method comprises the following steps: S1. The temperature monitoring module monitors the temperature of the battery pack in real time and sends the monitored temperature data to the temperature comparison subunit of the comparison unit of the MCU module; S2. The temperature comparison subunit compares the received temperature data with the temperature data stored in the data storage module. If the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the heat dissipation switch control subunit turns on the switch of the heat dissipation mechanism of the heat dissipation processing unit to cool the battery pack. When the temperature drops to a real-time monitored temperature lower than the set temperature, the heat dissipation switch control subunit turns off the switch of the heat dissipation mechanism of the heat dissipation processing unit.

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