Photovoltaic charging control method and device as well as equipment and products

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of intelligent charging, and discloses a photovoltaic charging control method and device, as well as equipment and products, the method comprising: continuously collecting the output voltage and current of a photovoltaic unit charging a battery; determining the corresponding energy efficiency ratio according to the output voltage and current, and determining the effective output power corresponding to the output voltage and current by correlating the energy efficiency ratio; when the effective output power is greater than a preset power threshold, dynamically adjusting the voltage limit value of the output voltage so that the effective output power is limited by the voltage limit value and approaches the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit; when the effective output power is less than the power threshold, maintaining the voltage limit value at the minimum value and entering a delayed charging mode, the minimum value being less than the rated operating voltage of the photovoltaic unit. The present application optimizes the photovoltaic charging control process by introducing the energy efficiency ratio and dynamically adjusting the voltage limit value, significantly improving the charging efficiency, system stability, and performance under low light conditions, while reducing power consumption and enhancing environmental adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of intelligent charging, and in particular to a photovoltaic charging control method and device, as well as equipment and products. Background Art

[0002] In the field of solar charging technology, as the requirements for energy efficiency and stability of photovoltaic charging control systems continue to increase, existing photovoltaic charging control systems face many challenges. Traditional photovoltaic charging control systems usually use maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology to optimize the output power of solar panels, which has some significant limitations in practical applications.

[0003] First, it is difficult for existing MPPT algorithms to achieve an ideal balance between dynamic response speed and steady-state accuracy. Although fast dynamic response can quickly adapt to changes in light intensity, it often leads to oscillations near the maximum power point, thereby reducing the overall efficiency of the system. On the contrary, reducing the dynamic response speed in order to reduce oscillations will result in failure to adjust in time when light conditions change rapidly, and some available solar energy will be lost. This trade-off between dynamic response and steady-state accuracy is a problem that needs to be solved in the existing technology.

[0004] Secondly, existing systems do not perform well under low light or dim light conditions. The output power of solar panels is inherently low under these conditions, and existing MPPT algorithms may not work effectively, resulting in low charging efficiency. This not only limits the application of charging control systems during periods of insufficient light such as cloudy days or early mornings and evenings, but also affects its practicality in remote areas or environments with unstable lighting conditions. The issue of charging efficiency under low light conditions is another challenge that needs to be focused on in existing technologies.

[0005] Furthermore, the existing technology is insufficient in terms of power consumption optimization. In low-power states, the lack of an effective optimization strategy leads to increased power consumption, which not only wastes precious solar energy but also affects the overall efficiency and economy of charging. Especially in low-light conditions, frequent unnecessary adjustment operations further increase power consumption. Insufficient power consumption optimization is another problem that needs to be solved in the existing technology.

[0006] Finally, the existing system has poor adaptability under different environmental conditions. For example, temperature changes and changes in light intensity have a significant impact on the output characteristics of solar panels, but the existing system often lacks effective environmental adaptability optimization, resulting in unstable performance in complex and changeable natural environments. This lack of environmental adaptability limits the widespread application of photovoltaic charging control systems under various environmental conditions.

[0007] The underlying cause of these technical problems lies in the control strategy of the existing charging circuit. The existing MPPT algorithm usually only considers the output power of the photovoltaic unit, while ignoring the efficiency characteristics of the charging management chip acting as the controller. This single power tracking method cannot accurately reflect the actual power available for charging, resulting in inefficient energy conversion and management under different lighting and load conditions. In addition, the existing system lacks optimization strategies for low-power states and the ability to dynamically adapt to environmental changes, which limits the overall performance and scope of application. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to provide a photovoltaic charging control method and device as well as equipment and products.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic charging control method is provided, comprising:

[0010] Continuously collect the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit that charges the battery;

[0011] Determine a corresponding energy efficiency ratio according to the output voltage and current, and determine an effective output power corresponding to the output voltage and current by correlating the energy efficiency ratio;

[0012] When the effective output power is greater than a preset power threshold, dynamically adjusting the voltage limit value of the output voltage so that the effective output power is limited by the voltage limit value and approaches the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit;

[0013] When the effective output power is less than the power threshold, the voltage limit value is maintained at a minimum value and a delayed charging mode is entered, wherein the minimum value is less than the rated operating voltage of the photovoltaic unit.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a photovoltaic charging control device, comprising:

[0015] A parameter acquisition module, configured to continuously acquire an output voltage and a current of a photovoltaic unit that charges a battery;

[0016] A power determination module, configured to determine a corresponding energy efficiency ratio according to the output voltage and current, and determine an effective output power corresponding to the output voltage and current in association with the energy efficiency ratio;

[0017] A dynamic adjustment module, configured to dynamically adjust the voltage limit value of the output voltage when the effective output power is greater than a preset power threshold, so that the effective output power is limited by the voltage limit value and approaches the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit;

[0018] The delayed charging module is configured to maintain the voltage limit value at a minimum value and enter a delayed charging mode when the effective output power is less than the power threshold, and the minimum value is less than the rated operating voltage of the photovoltaic unit.

[0019] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided an outdoor monitoring device, including a controller, a photovoltaic unit, a battery, a camera unit, and a voltage regulating circuit, wherein the battery supplies power to the camera unit, the controller includes a central processing unit and a memory, the central processing unit is used to call and run a computer program stored in the memory to execute the steps of the photovoltaic charging control method to determine a voltage limit value, and the voltage regulating circuit applies the voltage limit value to control the photovoltaic unit to charge the battery.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present application, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program or computer instructions, wherein when the computer program or computer instructions are called and executed by a central processing unit, the steps of the photovoltaic charging control method are executed.

[0021] This application effectively solves several key problems existing in the prior art, significantly improves the overall performance and application value of the photovoltaic charging control system, and achieves a series of technical advantages, including but not limited to:

[0022] First, by introducing the energy efficiency ratio to determine the effective output power, this application not only considers the output power of the photovoltaic unit, but also combines the efficiency characteristics of the charging management chip, thereby more accurately reflecting the actual power available for charging and optimizing the charging process. Compared with the prior art, this method significantly improves the dynamic response speed and steady-state accuracy, reduces oscillations near the maximum power point, and enhances the stability and reliability of the system.

[0023] Secondly, in response to the problem of charging efficiency under low light conditions, this application proposes a strategy of maintaining the voltage limit at the minimum value and entering the delayed charging mode when the effective output power is lower than the preset power threshold, thereby optimizing the power consumption under low power conditions, significantly improving the charging efficiency, and expanding the application scope under different lighting conditions.

[0024] Furthermore, by dynamically adjusting the output voltage limit value, the effective output power is made close to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit. This dynamic adjustment strategy improves the response speed, reduces oscillation, and enhances environmental adaptability.

[0025] Finally, by optimizing power consumption management, the present application enters delayed charging mode in low power state, reduces unnecessary adjustment operations, reduces power consumption, prolongs system service life, and improves economy and practicality. These comprehensive advantages make the present application have important application value in the field of photovoltaic charging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical structure of an exemplary outdoor monitoring device of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the photovoltaic charging control method in the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic charging control device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the computer device in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present application discloses an outdoor monitoring device, which realizes efficient battery charging management through an integrated photovoltaic charging control system, thereby ensuring stable power supply to the camera unit in the device. This outdoor monitoring device can be widely used in a variety of scenarios, such as courtyard smart door locks, urban security monitoring, wildlife monitoring, traffic flow monitoring, etc., especially in remote areas that are difficult to access traditional power grids.

[0032] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the outdoor monitoring device mainly includes a controller 10, a photovoltaic unit 20, a battery 30, a camera unit 50 and a voltage regulating circuit 40. The controller 10, the photovoltaic unit 20, the battery 30 and the voltage regulating circuit 40 constitute the photovoltaic charging control system of the present application. Among them, the battery 30 can be a rechargeable battery 30, such as a lithium battery 30, to provide the necessary power support for the camera unit 50 to ensure that it can continue to perform monitoring tasks. The controller 10, as the core of the entire system, includes a central processing unit and a memory. The central processing unit is responsible for calling and running a computer program stored in the memory to execute the steps of the photovoltaic charging control method of the present application, thereby determining a suitable voltage limit value. Through the voltage regulating circuit 40, the controller 10 applies the determined voltage limit value to control the charging process of the photovoltaic unit 20 to the battery 30, ensuring the efficiency and safety of the charging process.

[0033] The controller 10 can be implemented by a charging management chip with the ability to implement the MPPT algorithm. This charging management chip can not only execute complex algorithms, but also integrate an analog-to-digital converter for collecting the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit 20. Through these analog-to-digital converters, the charging management chip can monitor the output status of the photovoltaic unit 20 in real time, and determine the corresponding energy efficiency ratio of the photovoltaic unit 20 under different output voltage and current combinations, and then determine the effective output power. Based on the comparison between the effective output power and the preset power threshold, the charging management chip dynamically adjusts the voltage limit value so that the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit 20 can be optimized and adjusted according to the lighting conditions and the state of the battery 30, thereby achieving the tracking of the maximum power point.

[0034] In terms of hardware implementation, the charging management chip of the present application can be selected from models such as CN3791, CN3795, etc. These chips support MPPT functions and provide complete lithium battery 30 charging management, including trickle charging, constant current charging and constant voltage charging modes. These charging management chips can efficiently convert the output power of the photovoltaic unit 20 into the actual charging power of the battery 30 through the built-in MPPT algorithm, thereby improving the charging efficiency. In addition, common topologies include buck, boost and buck / boost, which achieve efficient energy conversion through different circuit designs. The buck topology is suitable for scenarios where the input voltage is higher than the output voltage, the boost topology is suitable for scenarios where the input voltage is lower than the output voltage, and the buck / boost topology is suitable for scenarios where the input voltage and output voltage vary widely. By selecting a suitable topology, the energy conversion efficiency can be further optimized to ensure efficient operation under different lighting and load conditions.

[0035] The voltage regulation circuit 40 is used to dynamically adjust the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit 20. The circuit receives a signal from the controller 10 and adjusts the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit 20 according to the voltage limit value given by the controller 10 to keep it at the optimized voltage limit value. In order to adapt to the characteristics of the charging management chip, the voltage regulation circuit 40 usually includes a buck converter, which can efficiently convert the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit 20 into a voltage suitable for charging the battery 30. The buck converter dynamically adjusts the output voltage by adjusting the on and off time of the switch tube to ensure that it is always within the optimal charging voltage range. In addition, a feedback mechanism is integrated in the circuit to monitor the output voltage and current in real time, and dynamically adjust the duty cycle of the switch tube based on these data to achieve precise voltage regulation.

[0036] When the effective output power is higher than the power threshold, the charging management chip adjusts the voltage limit value to make the output power of the photovoltaic unit 20 approach the maximum power point, ensuring that the solar energy can be fully utilized for efficient charging when the light is sufficient. When the effective output power is lower than the power threshold, the charging management chip maintains the voltage limit value at the minimum value and enters the delayed charging mode to reduce power consumption under low light conditions, avoid unnecessary energy waste, and protect the battery 30 from overcharging.

[0037] In addition, the photovoltaic unit 20 of the outdoor monitoring device is usually composed of a high-efficiency solar cell 30 panel, which can convert solar energy into electrical energy and perform effective energy management through a charging management chip. The camera unit 50 is responsible for capturing images or video information of the monitoring area, and its performance directly affects the practicality and reliability of the monitoring device. Through reasonable energy management, the device can maintain a stable operating state under various lighting conditions, providing a reliable solution for outdoor monitoring tasks.

[0038] It can be seen that the outdoor monitoring device in this embodiment realizes efficient charging management of the battery 30 through its integrated photovoltaic charging control system, which not only improves the energy utilization efficiency, but also enhances the adaptability of the device under different environmental conditions. This design provides solid technical support for the wide application of outdoor monitoring equipment, especially in those scenarios with special requirements for energy supply.

[0039] See also Figure 2 The photovoltaic charging control method of the present application can be implemented as a computer program product and run in a controller such as an outdoor monitoring device. In some embodiments thereof, the method includes:

[0040] Step S5100, continuously collecting the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit that charges the battery;

[0041] Continuously collecting the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit that charges the battery can provide necessary data support for subsequent power calculation and regulation. As disclosed above, the controller of the present application can adopt an existing charging management chip, which is equipped with a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that can convert the analog voltage and current signals output by the photovoltaic unit into digital signals to obtain the corresponding output voltage and current for further processing by the central processing unit. In practical applications, such as in outdoor monitoring equipment, the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit will be affected by many factors, including light intensity, ambient temperature, and the characteristics of the photovoltaic unit itself. Therefore, the continuous collection of these data can ensure that the working status of the photovoltaic unit is mastered in real time, providing an accurate basis for subsequent energy efficiency ratio calculation and output voltage regulation.

[0042] During the acquisition process, the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit are continuously sampled at a certain sampling frequency. In some embodiments, the sampling frequency can be set to several times to dozens of times per second, for example, it can be selected between 5 times per second and 100 times per second to meet the needs of different application scenarios. For example, in an environment where the lighting conditions change rapidly, such as outdoor monitoring equipment used on city streets, a higher sampling frequency can be used to quickly respond to changes in light intensity; while in outdoor monitoring equipment such as smart door locks where the lighting conditions are relatively stable, the sampling frequency can be appropriately reduced to save power consumption.

[0043] In actual outdoor monitoring equipment, the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit are collected through the controller in the device. The central processing unit in the controller calls the computer program stored in the memory to execute the relevant instructions for data collection and preprocessing. For example, the central processing unit can control the analog-to-digital converter to sample the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit according to the preset sampling frequency, and store the collected data in the memory. Subsequently, the central processing unit will preprocess the data, such as filtering and denoising, to obtain accurate voltage and current values. These preprocessed data will serve as the basis for calculating the energy efficiency ratio and effective output power in the subsequent steps, thereby realizing precise control of the photovoltaic charging process.

[0044] In some embodiments, considering that the output voltage and current are prone to instantaneous fluctuations due to the lighting conditions and temperature conditions of the photovoltaic unit, in this case, the average of multiple continuously collected output voltages and currents can be used in subsequent steps.

[0045] Step S5200, determining a corresponding energy efficiency ratio according to the output voltage and current, and determining an effective output power corresponding to the output voltage and current by correlating the energy efficiency ratio;

[0046] Theoretically, the output power of the photovoltaic unit can be determined based on the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit. However, this output power does not take into account the efficiency characteristics of the controller itself, so it cannot accurately measure the effective output power actually used to charge the battery. In this application, the corresponding energy efficiency ratio is first determined based on the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit, and the effective output power actually available for charging is determined by the energy efficiency ratio.

[0047] Energy efficiency ratio refers to the ratio between the actual output power of the photovoltaic unit, that is, the effective output power, and the theoretical maximum output power determined by directly applying the power formula based on the output voltage and current under specific output voltage and current conditions. This proportional relationship reflects the efficiency performance of the photovoltaic unit under different working conditions, and also takes into account the efficiency characteristics of the charging management chip. By introducing the energy efficiency ratio, this application can more accurately reflect the actual power available for charging, thereby optimizing the charging process.

[0048] In actual operation, the determination of the energy efficiency ratio can be achieved through a variety of embodiments. One embodiment is to use an energy efficiency table obtained from a prior test, which can be implemented in the form of a two-dimensional array variable to record the energy efficiency ratios under different output voltage and current combinations. By querying the energy efficiency ratio corresponding to the currently collected output voltage and current in the energy efficiency table, the energy efficiency level under the current working state can be quickly determined. Another embodiment is to call a pre-fitted energy efficiency conversion model, which is based on the corresponding relationship between the output power of the photovoltaic unit and the actual charging power corresponding to the battery charging after the charging management chip is controlled. The energy efficiency ratio under the current output voltage and current can be calculated in real time based on this energy efficiency conversion model. Regardless of which embodiment is adopted, the key is to be able to accurately determine the energy efficiency ratio so as to subsequently calculate the effective output power.

[0049] The calculation of effective output power is based on the collected output voltage and current and the determined energy efficiency ratio. Specifically, the effective output power is equal to the product of the output voltage, current and energy efficiency ratio. This calculation process takes into account the actual output characteristics of the photovoltaic unit and the efficiency of the charging management chip, so that it can more accurately reflect the actual power available for charging. The effective output power calculated in this way provides an accurate basis for subsequent charging control.

[0050] In the specific application scenarios of outdoor monitoring equipment, such as in courtyard smart door locks or urban security monitoring systems, the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit will be affected by multiple factors such as light intensity and ambient temperature. Therefore, by continuously collecting this data and calculating the energy efficiency ratio, the charging strategy can be adjusted in real time to ensure efficient charging under different environmental conditions. For example, under good lighting conditions, by accurately calculating the energy efficiency ratio and effective output power, it can be ensured that the photovoltaic unit always operates near the maximum power point, thereby maximizing the charging efficiency. In the case of insufficient light, by maintaining the voltage limit value at the minimum value and entering the delayed charging mode, power consumption can be reduced and energy utilization can be optimized.

[0051] Step S5300: When the effective output power is greater than a preset power threshold, dynamically adjust the voltage limit value of the output voltage so that the effective output power is limited by the voltage limit value and approaches the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit;

[0052] When the effective output power is greater than the preset power threshold, it is necessary to dynamically adjust the output voltage limit value. The voltage limit value refers to the upper limit value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit. The voltage limit value is applied to the voltage regulation circuit, and the voltage regulation circuit adjusts the output voltage so that the effective output power is limited by the voltage limit value and close to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit, ensuring that the photovoltaic unit can operate efficiently under various lighting conditions, thereby optimizing the charging process.

[0053] In this application, "close to" the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit means that the effective output power of the photovoltaic unit is as close to its theoretical maximum power point as possible by dynamically adjusting the voltage limit value. This does not mean that the output power must always be exactly equal to the power at the maximum power point, but that the output power fluctuates within a high-efficiency range near the maximum power point through continuous adjustment. For example, if the output power corresponding to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit is 10W, the actual output power fluctuates between 9.5W and 10W by dynamically adjusting the voltage limit value, thereby ensuring that the photovoltaic unit always operates within the high-efficiency range.

[0054] The purpose of dynamically adjusting the output voltage limit is to optimize the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit according to the lighting conditions and battery status. Through this adjustment, the output power of the photovoltaic unit can approach its maximum power point, ensuring that solar energy can be fully utilized for efficient charging when there is sufficient sunlight. Specifically, the controller calculates the current effective output power based on the real-time collected output voltage and current data, and compares it with the preset power threshold.

[0055] When the effective output power is greater than the preset power threshold, the controller will perform a series of steps to dynamically adjust the output voltage limit value. First, the controller will determine whether the effective output power at the current moment is greater than the effective output power at the previous moment, and whether the current limit value is greater than the previous limit value. If both conditions are met, it means that the current adjustment direction is correct. The controller will expand the step factor, amplify the step voltage value according to the step factor, use the amplified step voltage value as the limit increment, accumulate and update the current limit value.

[0056] If the above conditions are not met, the controller will reset the step factor and step voltage value to the initial value, and then continue to determine whether the effective output power at the current moment is less than the effective output power at the previous moment, and whether the current voltage limit value is less than the previous voltage limit value. If these two conditions are met, it means that the current regulation direction needs to be adjusted, and the controller will increase or decrease the voltage limit value accordingly according to the reset step voltage value to update the current voltage limit value.

[0057] In one embodiment, the power threshold can be a preset power value, which can be set according to a certain ratio of the rated power of the photovoltaic unit solar panel, such as 15%, to determine whether dynamic adjustment or delayed charging mode is required. When the effective output power is higher than the power threshold, dynamic adjustment is performed; when it is lower than the power threshold, the system enters delayed charging mode. In another embodiment, the power threshold can also include an upper limit value and a lower limit value, wherein the upper limit value can be used to decide whether to implement dynamic adjustment, and the lower limit value can be used to decide whether to enter delayed charging mode, so as to avoid jitter in mode switching.

[0058] Through this dynamic regulation strategy, the controller can adjust the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit in real time so that it can operate efficiently under various lighting conditions. Under good lighting conditions, by accurately calculating the energy efficiency ratio and effective output power, it can ensure that the photovoltaic unit always operates near the maximum power point, thereby maximizing the charging efficiency. This strategy not only improves the response speed, but also reduces the oscillation near the maximum power point, enhancing stability and reliability.

[0059] Step S5400: When the effective output power is less than the power threshold, the voltage limit value is maintained at a minimum value and a delayed charging mode is entered, wherein the minimum value is less than the rated operating voltage of the photovoltaic unit.

[0060] When the effective output power is lower than the preset power threshold, the controller will maintain the voltage limit at the minimum value and enter the delayed charging mode. This strategy is designed to optimize power consumption under low power conditions and avoid frequent adjustment operations under low light conditions, thereby significantly improving charging efficiency and expanding the application range under different light conditions.

[0061] Specifically, when the controller detects that the effective output power is lower than the power threshold, the controller will set the output voltage limit value of the photovoltaic unit to a preset minimum value. This minimum value is usually less than the rated operating voltage of the photovoltaic unit, for example, it can be 85% of the rated operating voltage of the photovoltaic unit, to ensure that the photovoltaic unit does not output excessive power under low light conditions, thereby reducing unnecessary energy waste. At the same time, the controller will enter the delayed charging mode. In this mode, the controller will wait for a preset delayed charging time threshold to expire. This delayed charging time threshold can be set according to the specific application scenario. For example, it can be determined based on factors such as the characteristics of the photovoltaic unit, the charging requirements of the battery, and the ambient light conditions.

[0062] In the delayed charging mode, the controller will continue to monitor the effective output power. When the delayed charging time threshold expires, the controller can again determine whether the effective output power is greater than the power threshold. If the effective output power is still lower than the power threshold at this time, the controller will continue to maintain the voltage limit at the minimum value and continue the delayed charging mode until the effective output power rises above the power threshold. If the effective output power exceeds the power threshold when the delayed charging time threshold expires, the controller will exit the delayed charging mode and return to step S5300 to continue adjusting the voltage limit according to the dynamic adjustment strategy so that the effective output power approaches the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit.

[0063] The introduction of this delayed charging mode effectively solves the power consumption problem caused by the controller frequently adjusting the voltage limit value when the output power of the photovoltaic unit is low under low light conditions. By maintaining the voltage limit value at the minimum value, the controller reduces unnecessary energy output. At the same time, through the delay mechanism, it waits for the improvement of light conditions, so that charging can be performed efficiently even when the light is insufficient. This strategy not only improves the overall efficiency of the controller, but also extends the service life of the photovoltaic charging control system, improving the economy and practicality.

[0064] For example, in the specific application scenarios of outdoor monitoring equipment, such as courtyard smart door locks or urban security monitoring controllers, these devices are usually installed in environments with large changes in light conditions. In low light conditions such as early morning, evening or cloudy days, the output power of the photovoltaic unit will be significantly reduced. By entering the delayed charging mode, the controller can reduce power consumption during these low light periods and wait for the light conditions to improve before charging efficiently, thus ensuring that the device can operate stably under various light conditions.

[0065] According to the above embodiments, the photovoltaic charging control method of the present application effectively solves multiple key problems existing in the prior art, significantly improves the overall performance and application value of the photovoltaic charging control system, and its positive effects include but are not limited to:

[0066] First, this application determines the effective output power by introducing the energy efficiency ratio, which not only takes into account the output power of the photovoltaic unit, but also is compatible with and combines the efficiency characteristics of the charging management chip that serves as the controller, which can more accurately reflect the actual power available for charging, screen out the influence of the difference between the maximum power point of the solar panel and the optimal efficiency point of the charging management chip, and correctly judge the disturbance direction trend, thereby optimizing the charging process and improving the charging efficiency of the system. Compared with the prior art, based on the accuracy of the effective output power, it can significantly improve the dynamic response speed and steady-state accuracy, reduce the oscillation near the maximum power point, and enhance stability and reliability.

[0067] Secondly, in response to the charging efficiency problem under low light conditions, this application proposes a strategy to maintain the voltage limit at the minimum value and enter the delayed charging mode when the effective output power is lower than the preset power threshold. This strategy optimizes the power consumption under low power conditions and avoids frequent adjustment operations under low light conditions, thereby significantly improving the charging efficiency. In this way, this application not only improves the charging performance under low light conditions, but also expands the scope of application under different light conditions.

[0068] Furthermore, the present application dynamically adjusts the voltage limit value of the output voltage so that the effective output power rather than the output power of the photovoltaic unit approaches the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit. This dynamic adjustment strategy not only improves the response speed, but also reduces the oscillation near the maximum power point and enhances stability. Compared with the prior art, this dynamic adjustment method can more effectively adapt to changes in light intensity and temperature and improve environmental adaptability.

[0069] Finally, this application significantly reduces power consumption in low-power states by optimizing power consumption management. By entering the delayed charging mode under low-power conditions, unnecessary adjustment operations are reduced and overall efficiency is improved. This power consumption optimization strategy not only saves energy, but also extends the service life of the photovoltaic charging control system, improving economy and practicality.

[0070] Based on any embodiment of the method of the present application, continuously collecting the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit for charging the battery includes:

[0071] Step S5110, start the analog-to-digital converter to continuously sample the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit to obtain the output voltage and current corresponding to each moment;

[0072] In the process of continuously collecting the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit that charges the battery, this is achieved by turning on the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The analog-to-digital converter can convert the analog voltage and current signals output by the photovoltaic unit into digital signals, thereby obtaining the corresponding output voltage and current values ​​at each moment, providing the necessary data support for subsequent power calculation and regulation.

[0073] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is an important component in the controller, which can convert continuously changing analog signals into discrete digital signals. In this application, the ADC is used to collect the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit to ensure that the working status of the photovoltaic unit is mastered in real time.

[0074] In practical applications, such as outdoor monitoring equipment, the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit are collected through the controller in the device. The central processor in the controller can control the analog-to-digital converter to sample the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit according to a preset sampling frequency, and store the collected data in the memory.

[0075] In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the collected data, in some embodiments, the collected voltage and current data may be preprocessed. The preprocessing process may include filtering, denoising and other operations to eliminate signal fluctuations caused by environmental interference or other factors. For example, a low-pass filter may be used to remove high-frequency noise, or a sliding average algorithm may be used to smooth the data, thereby improving the quality and stability of the data.

[0076] Step S5120, determining whether the deviation between the output voltage at each moment and its voltage limit value exceeds a preset threshold, and if so, resetting the voltage limit value to a minimum value;

[0077] In order to ensure that the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit are within a reasonable range, it is necessary to monitor the deviation between the output voltage and the preset voltage limit value in real time. This is achieved by judging whether the deviation between the output voltage and its voltage limit value at each sampling moment exceeds the preset threshold. If the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the controller will reset the voltage limit value to the minimum value to ensure that the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit is not too high, thereby protecting the stability and safety of the charging process.

[0078] Specifically, the central processor in the controller continuously monitors the output voltage data collected by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and compares it with the preset voltage limit value. The voltage limit value is an upper limit value or its initial value, i.e., the minimum value, set by step S5300 and step S5400, which is used to limit the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit to ensure that it operates within a safe and efficient range. When the deviation between the output voltage and the voltage limit value exceeds the preset threshold, the controller automatically resets the voltage limit value to the minimum value. The purpose of this mechanism is to prevent the photovoltaic unit from outputting excessively high voltage under sudden changes in lighting conditions or other abnormal conditions, thereby protecting the charging circuit and battery from damage.

[0079] For example, assuming that the rated operating voltage of the photovoltaic unit is 3V, the preset voltage limit value is 3.5V, and the preset threshold value is 0.5V. If the output voltage collected at a certain moment is 4.5V, the deviation is 1V, and it exceeds the preset threshold, the controller will determine that the output voltage deviation at this time is too large, thereby triggering the protection mechanism and resetting the voltage limit value to the minimum value, such as 1V. This ensures that the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit will not be too high, avoiding damage to the battery or charging management chip.

[0080] This judgment mechanism not only protects the charging system from excessive voltage, but also quickly adjusts the voltage limit value to ensure stable operation of the system when the lighting conditions suddenly change (such as cloud cover or shadow cover). In this way, efficient charging performance can be maintained under various lighting conditions, while extending the service life of the battery and charging management chip.

[0081] In practical applications, such as outdoor monitoring equipment, the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit will be affected by many factors, including light intensity, ambient temperature, and the characteristics of the photovoltaic unit itself. Therefore, by real-time monitoring and adjusting the voltage limit value, it is possible to adapt to these changes and ensure the efficiency and safety of the charging process.

[0082] Step S5130: Slide and take the average of the output voltage and current corresponding to multiple consecutive moments as the effectively collected output voltage and current.

[0083] The controller continuously collects the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit and stores them in the memory. Then, the controller selects a certain number of continuous sampling points and calculates the average value of the output voltage and current of these sampling points. For example, the data of the most recent 10 sampling points can be selected, and the average value of the output voltage and current of these 10 points can be calculated as the effective output voltage and current at the current moment. This sliding average method can effectively reduce the impact of instantaneous fluctuations of a single sampling point on the overall data and improve the stability and reliability of the data.

[0084] In practical applications, such as outdoor monitoring equipment, the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit will be affected by many factors, including light intensity, ambient temperature, and the characteristics of the photovoltaic unit itself. Therefore, the sliding average method can better reflect the average working state of the photovoltaic unit over a period of time, rather than relying solely on the measured value at a certain moment. This method is particularly suitable for environments where lighting conditions change rapidly, such as outdoor monitoring equipment used on urban streets, or in unstable lighting conditions such as cloudy and overcast days.

[0085] By executing the steps in the above embodiments, the photovoltaic charging control method of the present application has achieved significant technical advantages, including but not limited to:

[0086] First, the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit are continuously sampled through the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), ensuring the real-time and accuracy of data acquisition. This provides high-quality data support for subsequent power calculation and regulation, so that the working status of the photovoltaic unit can be more accurately grasped.

[0087] Secondly, by determining the deviation between the output voltage and the preset voltage limit value and resetting the voltage limit value to the minimum value when the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the controller can effectively prevent the photovoltaic unit from outputting excessive voltage and protect the charging circuit and battery from damage. This mechanism not only improves the stability of the system, but also enhances its adaptability to sudden changes in light conditions.

[0088] Furthermore, by sliding and taking the average of the output voltage and current at multiple consecutive moments as the effective collection value, the system can effectively reduce the impact of instantaneous fluctuations and further improve the stability and reliability of the data. This method is particularly suitable for environments with rapidly changing light conditions, and can better reflect the average working state of the photovoltaic unit over a period of time, thereby providing a more accurate basis for subsequent energy efficiency ratio calculations and output voltage regulation.

[0089] In summary, the execution of each step of this embodiment not only improves the overall performance of the photovoltaic charging control system, but also enhances its adaptability and reliability under different environmental conditions, and significantly improves the practicality and economy of the system.

[0090] Based on any embodiment of the method of the present application, the energy efficiency ratio is determined by the following steps:

[0091] Step S4100, measuring output power data of the photovoltaic unit under different light intensity and temperature conditions, wherein the output power data includes the output voltage, current, output power of the photovoltaic unit when it is working, and the actual charging power of the battery;

[0092] In this embodiment, the determination of the energy efficiency ratio requires first measuring the output power data of the photovoltaic charging control system composed of the controller and photovoltaic unit of the present application under different light intensity and temperature conditions. These data include the output voltage, current, output power of the photovoltaic unit when it is working, and the actual charging power of the battery at that time.

[0093] Specifically, the output power data of photovoltaic cells can be collected under a variety of environmental conditions using high-precision measurement equipment. These environmental conditions include different light intensities, from strong direct light to weak scattered light, and different temperature conditions, from high temperature to low temperature. By measuring the output voltage, current and output power of photovoltaic cells under these conditions, we can fully understand the performance of photovoltaic cells under various working conditions.

[0094] In practical applications, such as in outdoor monitoring equipment, the output power data of the photovoltaic unit can be collected by the controller in the device. The central processor in the controller can control the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to sample the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit and calculate the output power. At the same time, the controller can also monitor the actual charging power of the battery to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the measurement data.

[0095] In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measured data, a variety of measurement methods can be used. For example, a high-precision voltmeter and ammeter can be used to measure the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit, and then the output power can be calculated. In addition, a power analyzer can be used to directly measure the output power of the photovoltaic unit. These measurement devices can be connected to the controller to collect and store data in real time.

[0096] During the measurement process, it is necessary to record data under different light intensity and temperature conditions. For example, measurements can be taken under different weather conditions such as sunny, cloudy and overcast days, while recording changes in ambient temperature. In this way, comprehensive photovoltaic unit output power data can be collected to provide an accurate basis for subsequent energy efficiency ratio calculations.

[0097] Step S4200: Analyze the output power data to determine the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit and the actual charging power corresponding thereto;

[0098] The central processor in the controller can use the output power data determined in the previous step to determine the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit through algorithm analysis. The maximum power point refers to the point where the photovoltaic unit can output the maximum power under a specific output voltage and current combination. This point is the most efficient working state of the photovoltaic unit under different light and temperature conditions.

[0099] In order to determine the maximum power point, a variety of analysis methods can be used. In one embodiment, by drawing a relationship curve between the output power and the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit (PV curve), the peak point of the curve is found based on the relationship curve. This peak point is the maximum power point. Another embodiment is to calculate the output power under different output voltage and current combinations to find the point with the maximum output power. These embodiments can be used in combination to improve the accuracy of determining the maximum power point.

[0100] While determining the maximum power point, it is also necessary to determine the actual charging power of the battery at that point. This can be achieved by monitoring the charging current and voltage of the battery. The actual charging power refers to the power that the battery can actually receive and use for charging at the maximum power point. This power value reflects the relationship between the output power of the photovoltaic unit and the battery charging efficiency.

[0101] Step S4300: Determine the energy efficiency ratio of the output voltage and current combination state corresponding to the maximum power point according to the maximum power point and its corresponding actual charging power.

[0102] Energy efficiency ratio refers to the ratio between the actual output power of the photovoltaic unit and the power actually received by the battery for charging under a specific output voltage and current combination. This ratio reflects the efficiency performance of the photovoltaic unit under different working conditions, and also takes into account the efficiency characteristics of the charging management chip. By introducing the energy efficiency ratio, this application can more accurately reflect the actual power available for charging, thereby optimizing the charging process.

[0103] In the process of determining the energy efficiency ratio, the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit has been determined through the previous steps, and the actual charging power of the battery at this point has also been determined. Therefore, based on the maximum power point and its corresponding actual charging power, the energy efficiency ratio under the output voltage and current combination state corresponding to this point can be determined. The calculation formula for the energy efficiency ratio is:

[0104] Energy efficiency ratio = actual charging power / output power of photovoltaic unit.

[0105] The energy efficiency ratio determined in this way can more accurately reflect the efficiency performance of the photovoltaic unit under different working conditions, while also taking into account the efficiency characteristics of the charging management chip. This precise energy efficiency ratio calculation method enables the photovoltaic charging control system of this application to efficiently convert the output power of the photovoltaic unit into the actual charging power of the battery under various lighting and temperature conditions, thereby improving the charging efficiency and stability of the entire system.

[0106] By determining the energy efficiency ratio and its related data, this application can be implemented in one or more forms that are more convenient to call, so as to facilitate subsequent efficient calls. For example:

[0107] In one embodiment, an energy efficiency table used to determine the energy efficiency ratio in this application can be prepared based on the energy efficiency ratio data determined above. In the memory, the energy efficiency table can be stored in the form of a two-dimensional array, wherein the rows and columns of the array correspond to different output voltage and current combinations, respectively. Each array element stores the energy efficiency ratio value corresponding to a specific output voltage and current combination. For example, assuming that the output voltage range is 1V to 5V and the current range is 25mA to 1000mA, this range can be divided into multiple small voltage and current intervals, each interval corresponding to an energy efficiency ratio value. In practical applications, when it is necessary to determine the energy efficiency ratio under the current output voltage and current, the subscript of the two-dimensional array can be used as an index, and the subscripts correspond to the step values ​​of the voltage and current, respectively. Using the output voltage and current that are actually effectively collected, the corresponding value can be directly found from the energy efficiency table, so as to quickly and accurately perform subsequent power calculations and adjustments.

[0108] In another embodiment, the energy efficiency conversion model used in this application to determine the energy efficiency ratio can be implemented in the form of mathematical modeling based on the energy efficiency ratio data determined above. The energy efficiency conversion model can establish a mathematical function by fitting the energy efficiency ratio data, and the function can dynamically calculate the corresponding energy efficiency ratio based on the input output voltage and current. For example, polynomial fitting, exponential fitting or other nonlinear fitting methods can be used to construct this model. In practical applications, when the energy efficiency ratio needs to be determined, only the current output voltage and current need to be input into the energy efficiency conversion model, and the model will output the corresponding energy efficiency ratio. This method can not only provide more accurate energy efficiency ratio calculations, but also adapt to continuous changes in output voltage and current, thereby achieving more flexible power regulation. In this way, the energy efficiency conversion model can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time output voltage and current to ensure that the photovoltaic charging control system can operate efficiently under various lighting and temperature conditions.

[0109] By executing the steps in the above embodiments, the present application has achieved significant technical advantages. First, by measuring the output power data of the photovoltaic unit under different light intensities and temperature conditions, the performance of the photovoltaic unit under various working conditions can be fully understood. This comprehensive data collection provides an accurate basis for subsequent energy efficiency ratio calculations, ensuring the efficient operation of the system under different environmental conditions. Secondly, by analyzing the output power data to determine the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit and its corresponding actual charging power, the most efficient working state of the photovoltaic unit under different conditions can be accurately found. This precise maximum power point tracking ensures that the output power of the photovoltaic unit can be converted into the actual charging power of the battery to the maximum extent, thereby improving the charging efficiency.

[0110] Furthermore, by determining the energy efficiency ratio under the combination of output voltage and current corresponding to the maximum power point, the actual power available for charging can be more accurately reflected. This precise energy efficiency ratio calculation method not only takes into account the output characteristics of the photovoltaic unit, but also combines the efficiency characteristics of the charging management chip, thereby optimizing the charging process. In addition, the energy efficiency ratio data is implemented as an energy efficiency table or an energy efficiency conversion model, which can quickly and accurately call the energy efficiency ratio, thereby achieving efficient power calculation and regulation. The energy efficiency table stores the energy efficiency ratio data in the form of a two-dimensional array, providing a fast search capability; while the energy efficiency conversion model dynamically calculates the energy efficiency ratio through a mathematical function, providing higher flexibility and adaptability. The combination of these technical means can efficiently convert the output power of the photovoltaic unit into the actual charging power of the battery under various lighting and temperature conditions, thereby improving charging efficiency and stability.

[0111] It can be seen that the above embodiments not only improve the overall performance of the photovoltaic charging control system, but also enhance its adaptability and reliability under different environmental conditions, and significantly improve its practicality and economy.

[0112] On the basis of any embodiment of the method of the present application, determining the corresponding energy efficiency ratio according to the output voltage and current, and determining the effective output power corresponding to the output voltage and current in association with the energy efficiency ratio includes:

[0113] Step S5211, obtaining an energy efficiency table obtained by a previous test, wherein the energy efficiency table includes energy efficiency ratios corresponding to different output voltage and current combinations;

[0114] The energy efficiency table is a data structure that records the energy efficiency ratio of the photovoltaic unit under different output voltage and current combinations. The energy efficiency ratio refers to the ratio between the actual output power of the photovoltaic unit and the power actually received and used for charging by the battery under specific output voltage and current conditions. This ratio not only reflects the efficiency of the photovoltaic unit, but also takes into account the efficiency characteristics of the charging management chip, so that it can more accurately reflect the actual power available for charging.

[0115] According to the above embodiments, the energy efficiency table is generated based on the measured data of the photovoltaic unit under various environmental conditions. These conditions include different light intensities and temperatures, from strong direct light to weak scattered light, and from high temperature to low temperature. By measuring the output voltage, current and output power of the photovoltaic unit under these conditions, the performance of the photovoltaic unit under various working conditions can be fully understood. These data are stored in the energy efficiency table so that the corresponding energy efficiency ratio can be quickly found in practical applications.

[0116] In practical applications, such as in outdoor monitoring equipment, the central processing unit in the controller can access the energy efficiency table stored in the memory. In this embodiment, the energy efficiency table is implemented in the form of a two-dimensional array, where the rows and columns of the array correspond to different output voltage and current combinations. Each array element stores the energy efficiency ratio value corresponding to a specific output voltage and current combination. For example, assuming that the output voltage range is 1V to 5V and the current range is 0.1A to 1A, this range can be divided into multiple small voltage and current intervals, each interval corresponding to an energy efficiency ratio value. Accordingly, the subscripts of the two dimensions in the two-dimensional array can be set corresponding to each voltage and current interval.

[0117] Step S5212: according to the effectively collected output voltage and current, query and determine the corresponding energy efficiency ratio in the energy efficiency table;

[0118] In order to determine the energy efficiency ratio corresponding to the currently collected output voltage and current, the controller will query the energy efficiency table based on the effectively collected output voltage and current values. Specifically, the controller will round off the collected output voltage and current values ​​or directly map them to the corresponding voltage and current intervals in the energy efficiency table, and then look for the energy efficiency ratio value corresponding to the interval. For example, if the collected output voltage is 2.3V and the current is 0.5A, the controller will look for the energy efficiency ratio value corresponding to 2.3V and 0.5A in the energy efficiency table.

[0119] Step S5213: Calculate the product of the effectively collected output voltage and current and the energy efficiency ratio to obtain the effective output power.

[0120] The effective output power can be calculated based on the collected output voltage and current and the energy efficiency ratio obtained by query. Specifically, after obtaining the corresponding energy efficiency ratio in the energy efficiency table, the controller will use the energy efficiency ratio and the collected output voltage and current for calculation to obtain the effective output power that can actually be used for charging. The calculation formula for the effective output power is: Effective output power = output voltage × output current × energy efficiency ratio. Accordingly, based on the real-time collected output voltage and current, combined with the pre-stored energy efficiency ratio data, the effective output power under the current working state is dynamically calculated.

[0121] By executing the steps in the above embodiments, the present application achieves significant technical advantages, in which the introduction of the energy efficiency table plays a key role. These technical advantages include but are not limited to:

[0122] First, the energy efficiency table, as a data structure that records in detail the energy efficiency ratio of the photovoltaic unit under different output voltage and current combinations, provides a fast and accurate reference. This pre-stored data structure enables the controller to quickly query the corresponding energy efficiency ratio after collecting the output voltage and current in real time, thereby avoiding complex real-time calculations and improving the system's response speed and operating efficiency.

[0123] Secondly, the use of energy efficiency tables improves adaptability and stability under different environmental conditions. Since the energy efficiency table is generated based on measured data under various light intensity and temperature conditions, it can fully reflect the performance of photovoltaic units under various working conditions. This means that no matter what the light and temperature conditions are, you can find the most suitable energy efficiency ratio by querying the energy efficiency table, and then accurately calculate the effective output power, which not only improves the charging efficiency, but also reduces the power fluctuation caused by environmental changes and enhances stability.

[0124] In addition, the introduction of energy efficiency tables also optimizes overall performance. By combining the energy efficiency ratio with the collected output voltage and current, the effective output power in the current working state can be dynamically calculated, so that the photovoltaic charging control system can efficiently convert the output power of the photovoltaic unit into the actual charging power of the battery under various light and temperature conditions, which not only improves the response speed of the system, but also reduces the oscillation near the maximum power point, and enhances stability and reliability.

[0125] On the basis of any embodiment of the method of the present application, determining the corresponding energy efficiency ratio according to the output voltage and current, and determining the effective output power corresponding to the output voltage and current in association with the energy efficiency ratio includes:

[0126] Step S5231: calling a previously fitted energy efficiency conversion model, and determining a corresponding energy efficiency ratio according to the effectively collected output voltage and current;

[0127] In this embodiment, in order to determine the energy efficiency ratio corresponding to the output voltage and current, the pre-fitted energy efficiency conversion model disclosed in the previous text of this application can be called to achieve it. The energy efficiency conversion model is a mathematical model that is based on the fitting of the measured data of the photovoltaic unit under various environmental conditions, and can dynamically calculate the corresponding energy efficiency ratio based on the input output voltage and current. This model not only takes into account the output characteristics of the photovoltaic unit, but also combines the efficiency characteristics of the charging management chip, so that it can more accurately reflect the actual power available for charging.

[0128] In actual applications, the central processing unit in the controller will input the collected output voltage and current into the energy efficiency conversion model, and the model will output the corresponding energy efficiency ratio. Based on this, it can not only provide more accurate energy efficiency ratio calculation, but also adapt to the continuous changes of output voltage and current, thereby achieving more flexible power regulation.

[0129] Step S5232: Calculate the product of the effectively collected output voltage and current and the energy efficiency ratio to obtain the effective output power.

[0130] After determining the energy efficiency ratio, the controller further calculates the effective output power. The calculation formula for effective output power is: Effective output power = output voltage × output current × energy efficiency ratio. Through this formula, the controller can dynamically calculate the effective output power under the current working state based on the real-time collected output voltage and current combined with the energy efficiency conversion model.

[0131] The technical advantage of using the energy efficiency conversion model in this embodiment is that it can provide more accurate energy efficiency ratio calculations and adapt to continuous changes in output voltage and current, thereby achieving more flexible power regulation. Compared with the table lookup method, the energy efficiency conversion model can not only provide a more accurate energy efficiency ratio, but also can be dynamically adjusted according to real-time data to ensure efficient operation under different environmental conditions. Similarly, this embodiment not only improves the response speed, but also reduces oscillations near the maximum power point, enhancing stability and reliability. Through this embodiment, the output power of the photovoltaic unit can be efficiently converted into the actual charging power of the battery under various lighting and temperature conditions, thereby improving charging efficiency and stability.

[0132] Based on any embodiment of the method of the present application, dynamically adjusting the voltage limit value of the output voltage so that the effective output power is limited by the voltage limit value and close to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit includes:

[0133] Step S5310, performing a first judgment, judging whether the effective output power at the current moment is greater than that at the previous moment, and whether the voltage limit value at the current moment is greater than that at the previous moment;

[0134] The purpose of dynamically adjusting the output voltage limit value is to limit the effective output power to the voltage limit value and approach the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit. The dynamic adjustment process can be achieved through a series of judgment and adjustment steps in this embodiment to ensure efficient operation under different lighting conditions.

[0135] First, the first judgment is performed to determine whether the effective output power at the current moment is greater than the effective output power corresponding to the previous moment, and whether the voltage limit value at the current moment is greater than the voltage limit value corresponding to the previous moment. This judgment is based on real-time monitoring of the output power of the photovoltaic unit and dynamic tracking of the voltage limit value.

[0136] Step S5320: when the first judgment is established, the step factor is enlarged, the step voltage value is amplified according to the step factor, the amplified step voltage value is used as the voltage limit increment, and the voltage limit value at the current moment is accumulated and updated;

[0137] If the first judgment is established, that is, the current effective output power and the voltage limit value are both greater than the previous moment, the controller increases the step factor and amplifies the step voltage value according to the step factor.

[0138] In a more specific embodiment, the initial value of the step factor is set to 1, and the initial value of the step voltage value can be set to a preset value such as 100 mV. When the first judgment holds, the controller increments the step factor a by 1 and amplifies the step voltage value s according to the step factor a, that is, s = s × a. Then, the amplified step voltage value is used as the voltage limit increment, which is accumulated and the voltage limit value at the current moment is updated, that is, Vlimt = Vlimt + s. Accordingly, the voltage limit value gradually increases, thereby driving the effective output power closer to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit.

[0139] Step S5330: When the first judgment does not hold, reset the step factor and the step voltage value to their initial values, and then continue to perform the second judgment to determine whether the effective output power at the current moment is less than that at the previous moment and whether the voltage limit value at the current moment is less than that at the previous moment;

[0140] If the first judgment does not hold, the controller resets the step factor a and the step voltage value s to their initial values, that is, a = 1 and s = 100 mV. Subsequently, continue to perform the second judgment to determine whether the effective output power at the current moment is less than the effective output power corresponding to the previous moment and whether the voltage limit value at the current moment is less than the voltage limit value corresponding to the previous moment.

[0141] Step S5340: According to whether the second judgment holds, increase or decrease the voltage limit value by the reset step voltage value to update the voltage limit value.

[0142] If the second judgment holds, the controller increases the voltage limit value according to the reset step voltage value s, that is, Vlimt = Vlimt + s. If the second judgment does not hold, the voltage limit value is subtracted by the reset step voltage value s, that is, Vlimt = Vlimt - s. This process enables the voltage limit value to be gradually adjusted to adapt to the change in the output power of the photovoltaic unit, ensuring efficient operation under different lighting conditions.

[0143] By performing the steps in the above embodiments, the present application has achieved significant technical advantages in dynamically adjusting the voltage limit value of the output voltage, especially in the improvement of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT), specifically including:

[0144] First, by using the step factor to scale the step voltage limit value, it is possible to dynamically adjust the step according to the current effective output power and the change in the voltage limit value, thereby more flexibly tracking the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit. This dynamic adjustment mechanism not only improves the response speed but also reduces the oscillation near the maximum power point, enhancing stability and reliability.

[0145] Secondly, by enlarging the step factor to amplify the step voltage value, the voltage limit value can be adjusted quickly when the effective output power increases, thereby accelerating the approach to the maximum power point. This fast response capability can quickly adapt to rapidly changing light conditions, ensuring that the output power of the photovoltaic unit is converted into the actual charging power of the battery to the maximum extent. Conversely, when the effective output power no longer increases, over-adjustment is avoided and stability is ensured by resetting the step factor and step voltage value to the initial value.

[0146] In addition, through the second judgment mechanism, the voltage limit value can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the current effective output power and the change of the voltage limit value. This two-way adjustment capability can maintain efficient operation under different lighting conditions, whether in sufficient or insufficient light. This flexibility not only improves the overall efficiency, but also extends the service life of the photovoltaic unit and battery, improving economy and practicality.

[0147] In summary, this embodiment significantly improves the performance of the photovoltaic charging control system by dynamically adjusting the voltage limit value of the output voltage. The MPPT algorithm is improved by scaling the step voltage limit value using the step factor, which can track the maximum power point more accurately, improve the response speed, reduce oscillation, and enhance stability. These technical advantages enable the photovoltaic charging control system of this application to operate efficiently under various lighting conditions, significantly improving the practicality and economy of the system.

[0148] Based on any embodiment of the method of the present application, the delayed charging mode includes:

[0149] Step S5410: In the delayed charging mode, wait for the preset delayed charging time threshold to expire;

[0150] In this application, the delayed charging mode is used as a functional module to optimize the power consumption and charging efficiency of the circuit under low light conditions. When it is detected that the effective output power is lower than the preset power threshold, the controller sets the output voltage limit value of the photovoltaic unit to the minimum value and enters the delayed charging mode. Accordingly, wait for a preset delayed charging time threshold to expire so as to dynamically adjust the charging strategy according to changes in light conditions. In this embodiment, the power threshold can be a fixed value, for example, any proportion between 5% and 30% of the rated power of the photovoltaic unit can be used to determine this fixed value.

[0151] The delayed charging time threshold can be set according to the specific application scenario and device requirements. For example, in outdoor monitoring equipment, the time threshold can be determined based on the characteristics of the photovoltaic unit, the battery charging requirements, and the expected light conditions. In actual applications, the delayed charging time threshold can be set to a range of minutes to hours, depending on the device's usage environment and design requirements. For example, in an environment where light conditions change rapidly, such as city streets, the delayed charging time threshold can be set shorter to quickly respond to changes in light intensity; while in an environment where light conditions are relatively stable, such as monitoring equipment in remote areas, the delayed charging time threshold can be set longer to save power consumption.

[0152] Step S5420, determining whether the effective output power when the delayed charging time threshold expires is greater than the power threshold, and when greater than the power threshold, exiting the delayed charging mode and continuing to dynamically adjust the voltage limit value of the output voltage;

[0153] When the delayed charging time threshold expires, the controller will determine whether the effective output power at this time is greater than the preset power threshold. The controller is responsible for real-time monitoring of the output power of the photovoltaic unit and comparing it with the preset power threshold. If the effective output power at this time is greater than the power threshold, it means that the lighting conditions have improved and the output power of the photovoltaic unit is sufficient to support an efficient charging process. Therefore, exit the delayed charging mode and continue to dynamically adjust the output voltage limit value through step S5300 to ensure that the output power of the photovoltaic unit can be maximized. Converted into the actual charging power of the battery.

[0154] Step S5430: When the voltage is less than the power threshold, the voltage limit value is maintained at the minimum value and the delayed charging mode is continued.

[0155] If the effective output power is still lower than the power threshold when the delayed charging time threshold expires, it means that the lighting conditions have not improved and the output power of the photovoltaic unit is still insufficient to support an efficient charging process. In this case, the controller maintains the voltage limit at the minimum value and continues to maintain the delayed charging mode. This strategy can reduce power consumption under low light conditions, avoid unnecessary energy waste, and protect the battery from overcharging. In this way, the charging strategy can be flexibly adjusted under different lighting conditions to ensure efficient operation even when the light is insufficient, thereby improving overall efficiency and adaptability.

[0156] By executing the delayed charging mode in the above embodiment, the present application has achieved significant technical advantages under low light conditions. First, by setting the delayed charging time threshold, the charging strategy can be flexibly adjusted when the lighting conditions change, which not only reduces the power consumption under low light conditions, avoids unnecessary energy waste, but also protects the battery from overcharging. Secondly, by judging whether the effective output power when the delayed charging time threshold expires is greater than the power threshold, it can dynamically decide whether to exit the delayed charging mode and continue to dynamically adjust the voltage limit value. This dynamic adjustment mechanism can quickly restore the efficient charging process when the lighting conditions improve, ensuring that the output power of the photovoltaic unit is converted into the actual charging power of the battery to the maximum extent. In addition, by maintaining the voltage limit value at the minimum value, low power consumption can be maintained when the light is insufficient, further optimizing the energy utilization efficiency. These technical advantages enable the photovoltaic charging control system using the method of the present application to operate efficiently under various lighting conditions, significantly improving the overall efficiency and adaptability of the system, especially in application scenarios that require efficient energy management such as outdoor monitoring equipment.

[0157] Based on any embodiment of the method of the present application, the power threshold is set according to the following steps:

[0158] Step S3100, obtaining the rated power of the photovoltaic unit;

[0159] The rated power of a photovoltaic unit refers to the maximum power that the photovoltaic unit can output under standard test conditions (usually a light intensity of 1000W / m² and a temperature of 25°C). This parameter is one of the basic characteristics of a photovoltaic unit and is usually provided by the manufacturer and clearly marked in the technical manual of the photovoltaic unit. In actual applications, the controller can obtain this parameter through built-in parameter settings or through the communication interface with the photovoltaic unit.

[0160] Step S3120: setting the upper and lower limits of the power threshold according to the ratio of the upper and lower limits associated with the rated power, wherein the upper limit is used to decide whether to implement dynamic adjustment, and the lower limit is used to decide whether to keep the voltage limit value at the minimum value.

[0161] After obtaining the rated power of the photovoltaic unit, the upper and lower limits of the power threshold are set according to the rated power. These two limits are used to determine whether to implement dynamic regulation or enter delayed charging mode. Specifically, in the above embodiments, it can be used to decide whether to execute step S5300 or step S5400.

[0162] The upper limit value of the power threshold of this embodiment is used to decide whether to implement dynamic adjustment. When the effective output power exceeds this upper limit, it is considered that the output power of the photovoltaic unit is high enough and can be dynamically adjusted to optimize the charging efficiency. The upper limit is usually set to a higher proportion of the rated power, such as a fixed value between 15% and 30% of the rated power. This ratio can be adjusted according to the specific application scenario and equipment requirements to ensure that the output power of the photovoltaic unit can be fully utilized when the lighting conditions are good.

[0163] The lower limit value of the power threshold of this embodiment is used to decide whether to keep the voltage limit value at the minimum value. When the effective output power is lower than this lower limit, it is considered that the output power of the photovoltaic unit is low and insufficient to support an efficient charging process, so the delayed charging mode is entered to reduce power consumption. The lower limit is usually set to a lower proportion of the rated power, such as a fixed value between 5% and 15% of the rated power. This ratio can also be adjusted according to the specific application scenario and equipment requirements to ensure that power consumption can be optimized when lighting conditions are poor.

[0164] It can be seen that in this embodiment, the power threshold can be configured as an interval, including an upper limit value and a lower limit value, which are used to decide whether to execute step S5300 or step S5400, determine under what conditions to implement the dynamic adjustment process of the voltage limit value, and under what conditions to maintain the voltage limit value at the minimum value.

[0165] In this embodiment, by setting the power threshold to an interval defined by an upper limit value and a lower limit value, the photovoltaic charging control system of the present application introduces an anti-jitter interval between dynamically adjusting the voltage limit value and maintaining the voltage limit value as the minimum value, thereby significantly improving the stability and adaptability of the system. Specifically, when the effective output power exceeds the upper limit value, the dynamic adjustment mode is entered to optimize the charging efficiency; and when the effective output power is lower than the lower limit value, the delayed charging mode is entered to reduce power consumption. This interval setting avoids frequent switching modes between upper and lower limits, reduces unnecessary adjustment actions caused by slight fluctuations in light intensity, and thus reduces power consumption and complexity. At the same time, this design enhances stability when lighting conditions change, ensures efficient operation under different lighting conditions, and improves overall performance and economy.

[0166] Based on any embodiment of the method of the present application, before continuously collecting the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit for charging the battery, the method includes:

[0167] Step S2100, initialization to enter low power consumption mode;

[0168] When the photovoltaic charging control system using the method of the present application is started, it is first initialized and enters the low power mode. The low power mode is an energy-saving state in which the least amount of electrical energy is consumed, and is suitable for situations where the photovoltaic unit output power is low or the light conditions are insufficient. Entering the low power mode can significantly reduce system power consumption and extend the battery life while waiting for an external interrupt trigger so that work can be quickly resumed when the light conditions improve.

[0169] Step S2200: In the low power consumption mode, wait for an external interrupt trigger to start executing subsequent steps.

[0170] In low-power mode, the system waits for an external interrupt to be triggered. The external interrupt can be a change in light intensity, a user operation, or other preset conditions. When the external interrupt is triggered, the controller wakes up from low-power mode and enters normal working mode. This mechanism ensures that the system maintains low power consumption when it is not needed, and can respond quickly when it is needed, improving the overall efficiency and adaptability of the system.

[0171] In one embodiment, after the controller is awakened, the controller detects the adapter type and sets corresponding configuration parameters based on the detection results. This process includes verifying whether the adapter ID is a solar panel. If it is not a solar panel, it returns to low power mode to avoid unnecessary operations. Adapter detection and configuration ensures that the system can correctly identify and configure the device connected to it, improving the compatibility and reliability of the system.

[0172] In another embodiment, after the controller is awakened, the register configuration is initialized to set parameters such as the working mode and sampling frequency. The register configuration is the basis for the normal operation of the system, ensuring that the system can correctly set various parameters at startup to prepare for subsequent acquisition and processing. Initializing the register configuration ensures that the system can correctly set various parameters at startup to prepare for subsequent acquisition and processing.

[0173] In another embodiment, after initializing the register configuration, the controller reads the register status to confirm that the system initialization is complete. This process ensures that all necessary configuration and initialization are completed before the system enters the normal working mode, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0174] In another embodiment, after the system is initialized, it is determined whether the input power state is normal. If the input power state is abnormal, the system returns to a low power consumption mode to avoid operating under unstable power conditions. This process ensures that the system operates under stable power conditions, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0175] By executing the above embodiments, the present application has achieved significant technical advantages at the initial startup. First, the system is initialized and enters low-power mode at startup. This energy-saving state significantly reduces the power consumption of the system, especially when the output power of the photovoltaic unit is low or the lighting conditions are insufficient, and can effectively extend the service life of the battery. At the same time, the mechanism of waiting for external interrupt triggering in low-power mode ensures that low power consumption is maintained when not needed, and can respond quickly and resume work when lighting conditions improve or other preset conditions are met, thereby improving overall efficiency and adaptability. This design not only optimizes power consumption management, but also enhances stability and reliability under different environmental conditions. It is particularly suitable for application scenarios such as outdoor monitoring equipment that require efficient energy management.

[0176] See also Figure 3 Another embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic charging control device, which includes a parameter acquisition module 5100, a power determination module 5200, a dynamic adjustment module 5300, and a delayed charging module 5400, wherein the parameter acquisition module 5100 is configured to continuously collect the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit charging the battery; the power determination module 5200 is configured to determine the corresponding energy efficiency ratio according to the output voltage and current, and determine the effective output power corresponding to the output voltage and current by associating the energy efficiency ratio; the dynamic adjustment module 5300 is configured to dynamically adjust the voltage limit value of the output voltage when the effective output power is greater than a preset power threshold, so that the effective output power is limited by the voltage limit value and approaches the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit; the delayed charging module 5400 is configured to maintain the voltage limit value at a minimum value and enter a delayed charging mode when the effective output power is less than the power threshold, and the minimum value is less than the rated working voltage of the photovoltaic unit.

[0177] On the basis of any embodiment of the device of the present application, the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit for charging the battery are continuously collected, including: a sampling start module, configured to turn on the analog-to-digital converter to continuously sample the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit to obtain the output voltage and current corresponding to each moment; an abnormal reset module, configured to determine whether the deviation between the output voltage at each moment and its voltage limit value exceeds a preset threshold value, and when exceeded, reset the voltage limit value to a minimum value; a sampling implementation module, configured to slide and take the average of the output voltages and currents corresponding to multiple consecutive moments as the effectively collected output voltage and current.

[0178] Based on any embodiment of the device of the present application, the energy efficiency ratio is determined by running the following modules: a data measurement module, configured to measure the output power data of the photovoltaic unit under different light intensity and temperature conditions, the output power data including the output voltage, current, output power of the photovoltaic unit when it is working, and the actual charging power of the battery; a data analysis module, configured to analyze the output power data to determine the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit and the actual charging power corresponding thereto; an energy efficiency determination module, configured to determine the energy efficiency ratio under the output voltage and current combination state corresponding to the maximum power point based on the maximum power point and the actual charging power corresponding thereto.

[0179] Based on any embodiment of the device of the present application, the power determination module 5200 includes: a table calling module, configured to obtain an energy efficiency table obtained by prior testing, wherein the energy efficiency table includes energy efficiency ratios corresponding to different output voltage and current combinations; a table query module, configured to query and determine the corresponding energy efficiency ratio in the energy efficiency table based on the effectively collected output voltage and current; and a power calculation module, configured to calculate the product of the effectively collected output voltage, current and the energy efficiency ratio to obtain the effective output power.

[0180] Based on any embodiment of the device of the present application, the power determination module 5200 includes: a model calling module, configured to call a pre-fitted energy efficiency conversion model to determine the corresponding energy efficiency ratio based on the effectively collected output voltage and current; a power calculation module, configured to calculate the product of the effectively collected output voltage, current and the energy efficiency ratio to obtain the effective output power.

[0181] Based on any embodiment of the device of the present application, the dynamic adjustment module 5300 includes: a first judgment module, configured to perform a first judgment, to determine whether the effective output power at the current moment is greater than that at the previous moment, and whether the voltage limit value at the current moment is greater than that at the previous moment; a forward adjustment module, configured to expand the step factor when the first judgment is established, amplify the step voltage value according to the step factor, use the amplified step voltage value as the voltage limit increment, accumulate and update the voltage limit value at the current moment; a second judgment module, configured to reset the step factor and the step voltage value to the initial value when the first judgment is not established, and then continue to perform the second judgment, to determine whether the effective output power at the current moment is less than that at the previous moment, and whether the voltage limit value at the current moment is less than that at the previous moment; a reverse adjustment module, configured to increase or subtract the reset step voltage value from the voltage limit value to update the voltage limit value according to whether the second judgment is established.

[0182] Based on any embodiment of the device of the present application, the delayed charging mode is implemented by running the following modules: a delayed execution module, which is configured to wait for the expiration of a preset delayed charging time threshold in the delayed charging mode; a delayed interruption module, which is configured to determine whether the effective output power when the delayed charging time threshold expires is greater than the power threshold, and when it is greater than the power threshold, exit the delayed charging mode and continue to dynamically adjust the voltage limit value of the output voltage; a delay holding module, which is configured to maintain the voltage limit value at the minimum value and continue to maintain the delayed charging mode when it is less than the power threshold.

[0183] Based on any embodiment of the device of the present application, the power threshold is implemented by running the following modules: a rated reading module, configured to obtain the rated power of the photovoltaic unit; an interval setting module, configured to set the upper and lower limits of the power threshold according to the ratio of the upper and lower limits associated with the rated power, the upper limit is used to decide whether to implement dynamic adjustment, and the lower limit is used to decide whether to keep the voltage limit value at the minimum value.

[0184] Based on any embodiment of the device of the present application, prior to the parameter acquisition module 5100, the device includes: an initial entry module, which is configured to initialize and enter a low power consumption mode; an interrupt waiting module, which is configured to wait for an external interrupt trigger in the low power consumption mode to start executing subsequent modules.

[0185] Based on any embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 4 Another embodiment of the present application further provides a computer device, which can be used as a controller in an outdoor monitoring device, such as Figure 4 As shown, a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a computer device. The computer device includes a processor, a computer-readable storage medium, a memory, and a network interface connected via a system bus. Among them, the computer-readable storage medium of the computer device stores an operating system, a database, and a computer program that encapsulates computer-readable instructions. The database may store a control information sequence. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor may implement a photovoltaic charging control method. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the entire computer device. The memory of the computer device may store computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor may execute the photovoltaic charging control method of the present application. The network interface of the computer device is used to connect and communicate with a terminal. Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.

[0186] In this embodiment, the processor is used to execute Figure 3 The memory stores the program code and various data required to execute the above modules or submodules. The network interface is used to transmit data between user terminals or servers. The memory in this embodiment stores the program code and data required to execute all modules / submodules in the photovoltaic charging control device of this application, and the server can call the program code and data of the server to execute the functions of all submodules.

[0187] The present application also provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors execute the steps of the photovoltaic charging control method described in any embodiment of the present application.

[0188] The present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by one or more processors, implements the steps of the photovoltaic charging control method described in any embodiment of the present application.

[0189] A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, the aforementioned storage medium can be a computer-readable storage medium such as a disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).

[0190] The above description is only a partial implementation method of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

[0191] In summary, the present application shows significant application advantages in many aspects, making it have important practical value in the field of solar charging. By introducing the energy efficiency ratio to determine the effective output power, the output characteristics of the photovoltaic unit and the efficiency of the charging management chip can be comprehensively considered, thereby realizing precise control of the charging process and significantly improving the charging efficiency and system stability. Under low light conditions, by maintaining the voltage limit at the minimum value and entering the delayed charging mode, power consumption is effectively reduced, energy utilization is optimized, and efficient operation is ensured when light is insufficient. The strategy of dynamically adjusting the voltage limit value can quickly adapt to changes in light intensity and temperature, enhance environmental adaptability, and expand the scope of application. By setting and intelligently adjusting the power threshold, while ensuring charging efficiency, the service life of the battery is also extended, reducing long-term maintenance costs. These comprehensive advantages enable the present application to perform well in application scenarios that require efficient energy management, such as outdoor monitoring equipment, and provide new directions and solutions for the development of solar charging technology.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic charging control method, characterized in that: include: Continuously collect the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit that charges the battery; The corresponding energy efficiency ratio is determined according to the output voltage and current, and the effective output power corresponding to the output voltage and current is determined by correlating the energy efficiency ratio; the energy efficiency ratio is used to characterize the proportional relationship between the actual charging power of the photovoltaic unit and the theoretical maximum output power determined according to the output voltage and current; the effective output power is the actual charging power corresponding to the battery charging; When the effective output power is greater than the preset power threshold, the voltage limit value of the output voltage is dynamically adjusted so that the effective output power is limited by the voltage limit value and approaches the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit, including: executing a first judgment to determine whether the effective output power at the current moment is greater than that at the previous moment, and whether the voltage limit value at the current moment is greater than that at the previous moment; when the first judgment is established, the step factor is enlarged, the step voltage value is amplified according to the step factor, and the amplified step voltage value is used as the voltage limit increment to accumulate and update the voltage limit value at the current moment; when the first judgment is not established, the step factor and the step voltage value are reset to the initial value, and then the second judgment is continued to be executed to determine whether the effective output power at the current moment is less than that at the previous moment, and whether the voltage limit value at the current moment is less than that at the previous moment; according to whether the second judgment is established or not, the voltage limit value is correspondingly increased or subtracted from the reset step voltage value to update the voltage limit value; When the effective output power is less than the power threshold, the voltage limit value is maintained at a minimum value and a delayed charging mode is entered. The minimum value is less than the rated operating voltage of the photovoltaic unit. The delayed charging mode includes: in the delayed charging mode, waiting for the preset delayed charging time threshold to expire; judging whether the effective output power when the delayed charging time threshold expires is greater than the power threshold, when it is greater than the power threshold, exiting the delayed charging mode and continuing to dynamically adjust the voltage limit value of the output voltage; when it is less than the power threshold, maintaining the voltage limit value at the minimum value and continuing to remain in the delayed charging mode.

2. The photovoltaic charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Continuously acquire the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit that charges the battery, including: The analog-to-digital converter is turned on to continuously sample the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit to obtain the output voltage and current corresponding to each moment; Determine whether the deviation between the output voltage at each moment and its voltage limit value exceeds a preset threshold, and if so, reset the voltage limit value to a minimum value; The sliding average of the output voltage and current corresponding to multiple consecutive moments is taken as the effectively collected output voltage and current.

3. The photovoltaic charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy efficiency ratio is determined by the following steps: Measure the output power data of the photovoltaic unit under different light intensity and temperature conditions, the output power data including the output voltage, current, output power of the photovoltaic unit when it is working, and the actual charging power of the battery; Analyze the output power data to determine the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit and the actual charging power corresponding thereto; the maximum power point represents the theoretical maximum output power that the photovoltaic unit can output corresponding to a specific output voltage and current; According to the maximum power point and its corresponding actual charging power, an energy efficiency ratio under a combination state of output voltage and current corresponding to the maximum power point is determined.

4. The photovoltaic charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining a corresponding energy efficiency ratio according to the output voltage and current, and determining an effective output power corresponding to the output voltage and current by correlating the energy efficiency ratio, includes: Obtaining an energy efficiency table obtained from a prior test, wherein the energy efficiency table includes energy efficiency ratios corresponding to different output voltage and current combinations; According to the effectively collected output voltage and current, the corresponding energy efficiency ratio is determined by searching in the energy efficiency table; The effective output power is obtained by calculating the product of the effectively collected output voltage, current and energy efficiency ratio.

5. The photovoltaic charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining a corresponding energy efficiency ratio according to the output voltage and current, and determining an effective output power corresponding to the output voltage and current by correlating the energy efficiency ratio, includes: Call the pre-fitted energy efficiency conversion model to determine the corresponding energy efficiency ratio based on the effectively collected output voltage and current; The effective output power is obtained by calculating the product of the effectively collected output voltage, current and energy efficiency ratio.

6. The photovoltaic charging control method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The power threshold is set according to the following steps: Get the rated power of the photovoltaic unit; The upper limit and lower limit of the power threshold are set according to the upper and lower limit ratio associated with the rated power, the upper limit is used to decide whether to implement dynamic adjustment, and the lower limit is used to decide whether to keep the voltage limit value at the minimum value.

7. The photovoltaic charging control method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Before continuously collecting the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic unit to charge the battery, including: Initialize to enter low power mode; In low power mode, wait for external interrupt trigger to start executing the next steps.

8. A photovoltaic charging control device, characterized in that: include: A parameter acquisition module, configured to continuously acquire an output voltage and a current of a photovoltaic unit that charges a battery; a power determination module, configured to determine an energy efficiency ratio corresponding to the output voltage and current, and determine an effective output power corresponding to the output voltage and current by associating the energy efficiency ratio; the energy efficiency ratio is used to characterize the proportional relationship between the actual charging power of the photovoltaic unit and the theoretical maximum output power determined according to the output voltage and current; the effective output power is the actual charging power corresponding to the battery for charging; A dynamic adjustment module is configured to dynamically adjust the voltage limit value of the output voltage when the effective output power is greater than a preset power threshold, so that the effective output power is limited by the voltage limit value and approaches the maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit, including: executing a first judgment to determine whether the effective output power at the current moment is greater than that at the previous moment, and whether the voltage limit value at the current moment is greater than that at the previous moment; when the first judgment is established, expanding the step factor, amplifying the step voltage value according to the step factor, using the amplified step voltage value as the voltage limit increment, accumulating and updating the voltage limit value at the current moment; when the first judgment is not established, resetting the step factor and the step voltage value to the initial value, and then continuing to execute a second judgment to determine whether the effective output power at the current moment is less than that at the previous moment, and whether the voltage limit value at the current moment is less than that at the previous moment; according to whether the second judgment is established or not, the voltage limit value is correspondingly increased or subtracted from the reset step voltage value to update the voltage limit value; The delayed charging module is configured to maintain the voltage limit value at a minimum value and enter a delayed charging mode when the effective output power is less than the power threshold, wherein the minimum value is less than the rated operating voltage of the photovoltaic unit, and the delayed charging mode includes: in the delayed charging mode, waiting for the preset delayed charging time threshold to expire; determining whether the effective output power when the delayed charging time threshold expires is greater than the power threshold, and when it is greater than the power threshold, exiting the delayed charging mode and continuing to dynamically adjust the voltage limit value of the output voltage; and when it is less than the power threshold, maintaining the voltage limit value at the minimum value and continuing to remain in the delayed charging mode.

9. An outdoor monitoring device, comprising a controller, a photovoltaic unit, a battery, a camera unit, and a voltage regulating circuit, wherein the battery supplies power to the camera unit, and the controller comprises a central processing unit and a memory, characterized in that: The central processor is used to call and run a computer program stored in the memory to execute the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7 to determine a voltage limit value, and to apply the voltage limit value through the voltage regulation circuit to control the photovoltaic unit to charge the battery.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program or computer instructions, characterized in that When the computer program or computer instruction is called and executed by a central processing unit, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are executed.

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