A controllable feeding and chopping device for a hybrid pennisetum harvester and a control method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of silage machinery and equipment, specifically relating to an adjustable feeding and chopping device and its control method for a hybrid Napier grass harvester. The feeding and chopping device includes a shell, conveying components, a gathering component, a pre-compression component, a feeding component, and a chopping component; the pre-compression component includes an upper pressure roller, a slider, a pin, a limit slot, a front slide rail, a rear slide rail, and a pressure sensor. This device can automatically adjust the forage gathering range, feeding speed, and chopping speed according to the amount of crop fed. It can pre-compress loose stalks in advance to improve the chopping effect. It can also reasonably adjust the power input according to the feeding amount to reduce energy loss, further improving the quality and efficiency of silage chopping. The front top cover and pre-compression component enable the device to quickly clear blockages, reducing problems caused by material blockage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of silage machinery and equipment, specifically relating to an adjustable feeding and chopping device for a hybrid Napier grass harvester and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of modern animal husbandry, the demand for various high-quality forage grasses is increasing. Hybrid Napier grass, a perennial herb belonging to the genus Napier grass of the Poaceae family, is a high-quality forage grass due to its high yield, rapid growth, strong adaptability, strong regeneration ability, and rich nutritional value. This forage grass can improve animal production performance, alleviate feed shortages, and bring significant economic benefits. Efficient and stable harvesting operations have become a key link in ensuring the stable development of animal husbandry. For materials cut by the header, the adaptive control capability of the feeding and chopping parts directly affects the efficiency of hybrid Napier grass harvesting. It can adapt to various crops and automatically adjust the speed of the feeding roller and chopping roller according to changes in the feeding amount. This allows for maximum harvesting efficiency while reducing harvesting costs and machine power consumption. Furthermore, appropriate feeding and chopping speeds can effectively prevent material blockage.

[0003] Traditional hybrid Napier grass harvesters' feeding and chopping devices cannot achieve pre-compression of materials and advance monitoring of feeding amount, resulting in monitoring lag. They cannot adapt to situations where one machine can harvest multiple crops, leading to low harvesting efficiency, easy material blockage, poor chopping effect, and affecting the silage value of feed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To significantly improve chopping quality, ensure the continuity of silage harvesting operations, reduce downtime caused by material blockage, shorten harvesting time, reduce energy consumption, improve overall operational efficiency, and achieve efficient silage harvesting, this invention aims to provide an adjustable feeding and chopping device for a hybrid Napier grass harvester. This device features reduced consumption, ease of control, and strong continuous operation capability. It can autonomously adjust the feeding and chopping speed according to the feeding amount, adapt to stalks of different thicknesses, and quickly clear material blockages.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A hybrid Napier grass harvester with an adjustable feeding and chopping device includes a housing, a conveying component, a gathering component, a pre-compression component, a feeding component, and a chopping component.

[0007] The conveying component includes rollers, a conveyor belt, a support, and a sensor; the conveying component includes two rollers, which are horizontally mounted on the lower front section of the housing via bearing seats; the conveyor belt is horizontally mounted on the two rollers to form a ring, and the sensor is located inside the ring with its upper end close to the upper part of the conveyor belt and its lower end fixed to the surface of the support; the two ends of the support are fixed to the inside of the front section of the housing.

[0008] The feeding component includes an upper feeding roller, a lower feeding roller, and saw teeth; the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller are placed horizontally and vertically and are mounted on the housing through bearing seats; the saw teeth are provided with mounting holes and are installed on the holes of the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller by bolts and nuts, and the installed saw teeth are arranged in a circumferential array on the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller.

[0009] The chopping component includes a crushing drum, a chopping blade, and a chopping blade holder; the crushing drum is mounted on the housing via a bearing seat, and a keyway is provided on the shaft at one end of the crushing drum.

[0010] The shredder holders are staggered and fixed on the crushing drum; both the shredder holders and the shredders are provided with threaded holes, and the two are connected by bolts and nuts.

[0011] The gathering component includes a gathering plate, a spherical slider, a sliding screw, a spherical groove, and a hinge; the gathering plate is fixed to the front end of the housing by the hinge, and one gathering plate is limited by one hinge. The gathering component has two gathering plates, which are fixed to the inside of the housing on both sides respectively.

[0012] The spherical grooves are fixed to the converging plate, and the round spheres at both ends of the spherical slider are installed inside the spherical grooves, so that the spherical sliders can slide freely inside the spherical grooves.

[0013] The spherical slider has a threaded hole in the middle, which is connected to the sliding screw. When the sliding screw rotates, it will drive the spherical slider to slide along the spherical groove.

[0014] The sliding screw has keyways at both ends and is mounted on the housing via bearing seats, and is rotated by external power.

[0015] There are two gathering plates. When the sliding screw rotates under the action of external driving force, it drives the spherical slider to slide along the spherical groove, thereby causing the gathering plate to fold inward or unfold outward.

[0016] The pre-compression component includes a slider, a pin, and a limiting slot. The slider has a pin slot, a first limiting slot, and a second limiting slot. The limiting slot of the component is fixed to the housing.

[0017] The component pin is inserted into the pin slot from above the slider, and the first and second limit slots can be selected according to the usage status of the upper pressure roller. When the upper pressure roller needs to be locked, the pin is in the first limit slot and one end of the pin is inserted into the limit slot. When the pin is in the second limit slot, the entire pin is completely inside the pin slot and the upper pressure roller is in the unlocked state.

[0018] The front end of the housing has a front top cover that can be pulled out through a slot, and one end of the front top cover is provided with a handle for easy pulling out.

[0019] The upper pressure roller of the pre-compression component can move up and down on the front and rear slide rails via a slider. When material blockage occurs in the device, the front top cover is pulled out from one side and the upper pressure roller is lifted to the top of the slide rail by external power, opening the entire conveying and feeding part and quickly clearing the blockage.

[0020] The conveying component includes a sensor, which is installed below the conveyor belt and horizontally fixed in the middle of the housing by a bracket. The sensor is used to measure the fluctuation of the feed amount and transmit the changes in the feed amount to the terminal in real time.

[0021] The pre-compression component includes a pressure sensor, which is arranged in a ring in the middle of the upper pressure roller and powered by a built-in battery to measure the feeding pressure. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the measurement data, the PLC controls the external hydraulic system to adjust the feeding speed of the upper and lower feeding rollers and the operating speed of the shredding component to achieve efficient shredding.

[0022] A method for controlling the adjustable feeding and chopping device of a hybrid Napier grass harvester, the method comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. Before the harvesting operation begins, determine the type of crop to be harvested and manually select and place the pins of the pre-compression components into the appropriate limit groove one or limit groove two.

[0024] S2. After the machine starts, the two rollers of the conveyor component drive the conveyor belt to rotate clockwise. The forage entering from the left is transported horizontally from left to right through the conveyor belt; the sensor installed under the conveyor belt begins to measure the pressure change on the conveyor belt at this time.

[0025] S3. Based on different pressure changes, the sliding screw begins to rotate under the action of the external hydraulic motor. The sliding screw drives the spherical slider to slide in the spherical groove, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the two gathering plates. When the pressure decreases, the two gathering plates retract inward, forming an "eight" shape under the consolidation of the hinge at one end, which plays a lateral gathering role for the forage. Conversely, the two gathering plates open outward, presenting a horizontal state, which facilitates the flow of large feed volumes of forage. At the same time, according to different pressure changes, the sensor feeds back to the system, which controls and distributes reasonable power to the feeding and chopping components, so that they can adjust their speed in real time according to the changes in the feed volume to complete the operation.

[0026] S4. After the conveying is completed, if the harvested material is corn stalks or grass with hard stems, the pin of the pre-compression component can be placed in the first limiting groove and one end can be inserted into the limiting slot. At this time, the upper pressure roller is completely locked, which can initially crush the crop and play a preliminary pre-compression role on the hard stems. When harvesting crops with thinner stems and softer characteristics, such as alfalfa, the stems are not easy to crush and excessive compression may lead to loss of nutrients. At this time, the pin of the pre-compression component can be placed in the second limiting groove. At this time, the pin is completely inside the pin groove and the upper pressure roller is in an active state.

[0027] S5. During the pre-compression process, the pressure sensor installed on the upper pressure roller can monitor the pressure between the upper pressure roller and the material in real time and compare it with the set value. Based on the pressure difference, the sensor feeds back to the crushing component, and the external hydraulic system increases or decreases the speed of the crushing drum in real time, which improves the crushing efficiency and effectively alleviates the problem of material blockage due to large feed volume.

[0028] S6. After the pre-compression process is completed, the upper and lower feed rollers are rotated by external power to feed the pre-compressed material into the chopping part in the forward direction. The serrations installed on the upper and lower feed rollers can effectively increase the friction of the upper and lower feed rollers and efficiently complete the entire feeding operation.

[0029] S7. After the feeding operation is completed, the chopping component rotates at high speed under the control of external power to complete the chopping operation;

[0030] S8. If material blockage occurs during operation due to excessive or uneven feeding, the front top cover at the front end of the housing can be pulled out from one end, and the pin can be placed in the second limiting groove to make the upper pressure roller active. Under the action of external force, the upper pressure roller is lifted along the slide rail to the top and can be taken out. At this time, two-thirds of the upper part of the device is opened, which can realize the rapid cleaning of materials and unblocking operation.

[0031] S9. Repeat steps S1-S7 until the device stops operating. Then, place the pin in the first position of the limit groove so that the entire upper pressure roller is in a stable locked state.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The gathering component used in this invention can gather the material laterally in the early stage of feeding. When the feeding amount is small, the gathering plate gathers inward to make the material concentrated and compacted. When the feeding amount is large, the gathering plate flattens outward to make the material flow more smoothly, which is beneficial to the chopping effect.

[0034] 2. The present invention adopts a detachable front top cover and a floating upper pressure roller, which has strong flexibility, facilitates cleaning after material blockage, reduces maintenance costs and saves time.

[0035] 3. This invention adopts a controllable double-slide-rail floating roller design. The opening and closing state of the upper pressure roller can be flexibly changed by the position of the pin. It is suitable for crops with different stem thickness and hardness and different feeding amounts per unit time, thus improving the applicability of the device.

[0036] 4. The adjustable feeding and chopping device and method used in this invention can adaptively adjust the feeding speed and chopping speed according to the amount of feed, so that the operation of the device matches the supply of materials, ensuring the chopping quality and improving the work efficiency. At the same time, when the amount of feed increases, the speed of the feeding roller and the chopping drum can be increased in time to avoid material blockage caused by untimely chopping. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adjustable feeding and chopping device for the hybrid Napier grass harvester of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the components of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is an isometric view of the conveying component of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the conveying component structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding component structure of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the shredding component structure of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the gathering component structure of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the spherical slider and spherical groove of the gathering component of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gathering plate of the present invention when it is unfolded;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gathering plate of the present invention when it is gathered together;

[0048] Figure 12 This is an isometric view of the pre-compression component structure of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-compression component structure of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-compression component slider of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the preload component pin of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-compression component of the present invention when it is locked.

[0053] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-compression component of the present invention in motion;

[0054] Figure 18 This is an isometric view of the overall internal structure of the present invention at step S8;

[0055] Figure 19 This is an isometric view of the overall structure of the present invention at step S8;

[0056] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device after the pre-compression component is lifted according to the present invention;

[0057] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device after the pre-compression component is lifted according to the present invention.

[0058] In the figure, the attached reference numerals are...

[0059] Detailed Implementation

[0060] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0061] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a hybrid Napier grass harvester with an adjustable feeding and chopping device includes a housing 1, a conveying component 2, a gathering component 3, a pre-compression component 4, a feeding component 5, and a chopping component 6.

[0062] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the conveying component 2 includes a roller 201, a conveyor belt 202, a bracket 203, and a sensor 204; the conveying component 2 includes two rollers 201, which are horizontally installed on the lower front section of the housing via bearing seats; the conveyor belt 202 is horizontally installed on the two rollers 201 to form a ring, and the sensor is located inside the ring with its upper end close to the upper part of the conveyor belt and its lower end fixed to the surface of the bracket, and both ends of the bracket are fixed to the inside of the front section of the housing.

[0063] like Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown, the feeding component 5 includes an upper feeding roller 501, a lower feeding roller 502, and a sawtooth 503; the upper feeding roller 501 and the lower feeding roller 502 are placed horizontally up and down and are mounted on the housing 1 through bearing seats; the sawtooth 503 is provided with mounting holes and is installed on the holes of the upper feeding roller 501 and the lower feeding roller 502 by bolts and nuts, and the installed sawtooth is arranged in a circumferential array on the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller.

[0064] like Figure 7 As shown, the chopping component 6 includes a crushing drum 601, a chopping blade 602, and a chopping blade holder 603; the crushing drum 601 is mounted on the housing 1 via a bearing seat, and a keyway is provided on the shaft at one end of the crushing drum.

[0065] The shredder holders 603 are staggered and fixed on the crushing drum 601; both the shredder holders 603 and the shredders 602 are provided with threaded holes, and the two are connected by bolts and nuts.

[0066] like Figure 2 , Figure 8 As shown, the gathering component 3 includes a gathering plate 301, a spherical slider 302, a sliding screw 303, a spherical groove 304, and a hinge 305; the gathering plate 301 is fixed to the front end of the housing 1 by the hinge 305, and one gathering plate is limited by one hinge. The gathering component has two gathering plates, which are fixed to the two sides inside the housing respectively.

[0067] like Figure 9 As shown, the spherical groove 304 is fixed to the gathering plate 301 facing each other, and the circular spheres at both ends of the spherical slider 302 are installed inside the spherical groove 304, so that the spherical slider 302 can slide freely in the spherical groove 304.

[0068] The spherical slider 302 has a threaded hole in the middle, which is connected to the sliding screw 303. When the sliding screw rotates, it will drive the spherical slider to slide along the spherical groove.

[0069] like Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, the sliding screw 303 is mounted on the housing 1 at both ends through bearing seats; there are two gathering plates 301. When the sliding screw 303 rotates under the action of external driving force, it drives the spherical slider 302 to slide along the spherical groove 304, thereby causing the gathering plates 301 to fold in the box or unfold outward.

[0070] like Figure 12 , Figure 13As shown, the pre-pressing component 4 includes an upper pressure roller 401, a slider 402, a pin 403, a limiting groove 404, a front slide rail 405, a rear slide rail 406, and a pressure sensor 407. The limiting groove of the component is fixed to the housing.

[0071] like Figure 14 As shown, the upper pressure roller 401 of the component has shafts at both ends installed in the holes of the slider 402; the slider 402 of the component has four rotatable connecting bridges 4022, and each connecting bridge 4022 is equipped with two rotatable pulleys 4021; the front slide rail 405 and the rear slide rail 406 of the component are in an "S" shape and are fixed to the housing 1 one in front of the other, forming the upper and lower floating track of the upper pressure roller 401; the slider 402 of the component has four sets of eight rotatable pulleys 4021, which are respectively locked on the front slide rail 405 and the rear slide rail 406 and can drive the upper pressure roller 401 to slide up and down along the front slide rail 405 and the rear slide rail 406.

[0072] like Figure 15 , Figure 16 , Figure 17 As shown, the component pin 403 is inserted into the pin groove 4023 from above the slider 402, and can be selected from the first limiting groove 4024 or the second limiting groove 4025 according to the usage state of the upper pressure roller 401. When it is necessary to lock the upper pressure roller 401, the pin 403 is in the first limiting groove 4024 and one end of the pin 403 is inserted into the limiting slot 404. When the pin 403 is in the second limiting groove 4025, the entire pin 403 is completely inside the pin groove 404, and the upper pressure roller 401 is in the unlocked state.

[0073] like Figure 18 As shown, the front end of the housing 1 has a front top cover 101 that can be pulled out through a slot, and one end of the front top cover 101 is provided with a handle for easy pulling out.

[0074] like Figure 18 , Figure 19 As shown, the upper pressure roller 401 of the pre-pressing component 4 can move up and down on the front slide rail 405 and the rear slide rail 406 via the slider 402. When the device is blocked, the front top cover 101 is pulled out from one side and the upper pressure roller 401 is lifted to the top of the slide rail by external power, opening the entire conveying and feeding part and realizing the problem of quickly clearing the blockage.

[0075] like Figure 20As shown, the feeding and chopping device is characterized in that the pre-compression component 4 includes a slider 402, a pin 403, and a limiting groove 404. The slider 402 has a pin groove 4023 and corresponding limiting grooves 4024 and 4025. The limiting groove 404 is fixed to the housing 1. The pin 403 is inserted into the pin groove 4023 from above the slider 402, and the limiting groove 4024 or 4025 can be selected according to the usage state of the upper pressure roller. When it is necessary to lock the upper pressure roller 401, the pin 403 is in the first limiting groove 4024 and one end of the pin 403 is inserted into the limiting groove 404. When the pin 403 is in the second limiting groove 4025, the upper pressure roller 401 is in the unlocked state.

[0076] like Figure 18 As shown, the front end of the housing 1 has a front top cover 101 that can be pulled out through a slot; the upper pressure roller 401 of the pre-pressing component 4 can move up and down on the front slide rail 405 and the rear slide rail 406 through the slider 402. When the device is blocked, the front top cover 101 is pulled out from one side and the upper pressure roller 401 is lifted to the top of the slide rail by external power, opening the entire conveying and feeding part and realizing the problem of quickly clearing the blockage.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown, the conveying component 2 includes a sensor 204, which is installed below the conveyor belt 202 and horizontally fixed in the middle of the housing 1 by a bracket 203. The sensor is used to measure the fluctuation of the feed amount and transmit the change of the feed amount to the terminal in real time.

[0078] like Figure 12 , Figure 13 As shown, the pre-compression component 4 includes a pressure sensor 407, which is arranged in a ring at the middle position of the upper pressure roller 401 to measure the feeding pressure. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the measurement data, the PLC controls the external hydraulic system to adjust the feeding speed of the upper feeding roller 501 and the lower feeding roller 502 as well as the operating speed of the chopping component 6 to achieve efficient chopping.

[0079] A method for controlling the adjustable feeding and chopping device of a hybrid Napier grass harvester includes the following steps:

[0080] S1. Before the harvesting operation begins, determine the type of crop to be harvested and manually select and place the pin 403 of the pre-compression component 4 at the appropriate limiting groove 4024 or limiting groove 4025.

[0081] S2. After the machine is started, the two rollers 201 of the conveyor component 2 drive the conveyor belt 202 to rotate clockwise. The forage entering from the left is transported horizontally from left to right through the conveyor belt 202. The sensor 204 installed below the conveyor belt 202 starts to measure the pressure change on the conveyor belt 202 at this time.

[0082] S3. According to different pressure changes, the sliding screw 303 starts to rotate under the action of the external hydraulic motor. The sliding screw 303 drives the spherical slider 302 to slide in the spherical groove 304, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the two gathering plates 301. When the pressure decreases, the two gathering plates 301 retract inward and form an "eight" shape under the consolidation of the hinge 305 at one end, which plays a lateral gathering role for the grass. Conversely, the two gathering plates 301 open outward and present a horizontal state, which facilitates the flow of large feed volumes of grass. At the same time, according to different pressure changes, the sensor 204 feeds back to the system, which controls and distributes reasonable power to the feeding component 5 and the chopping component 6, so that they can adjust their speed in real time according to the changes in the feed volume to complete the operation.

[0083] S4. After the conveying is completed, if the harvested material is corn stalks or grass with hard stems, the pin 403 of the pre-compression component 4 can be placed in the first limiting groove 4024, and one end can be inserted into the limiting slot 404. At this time, the upper pressure roller 401 is completely locked, which plays a preliminary pre-compression role on the hard stems. When harvesting crops with softer stems such as alfalfa, the pin 403 of the pre-compression component 4 can be placed in the second limiting groove 4025. At this time, the pin 403 is completely inside the pin groove 4023, and the upper pressure roller 401 is in an active state.

[0084] S5. During the pre-compression process, the pressure sensor 407 installed on the upper pressure roller 401 can monitor the pressure between the upper pressure roller 401 and the material in real time and compare it with the set value. Based on the pressure difference, the sensor 407 feeds back to the crushing component 6, and the external hydraulic system increases or decreases the speed of the crushing drum 601 in real time, thereby improving the crushing efficiency and effectively alleviating the problem of material blockage due to large feed volume.

[0085] S6. After the pre-compression process is completed, the upper feed roller 501 and the lower feed roller 502 are rotated by external power to feed the pre-compressed material into the chopping component 6 in the forward direction. The serrations 503 installed on the upper feed roller 501 and the lower feed roller 502 can effectively increase the friction of the upper feed roller 501 and the lower feed roller 502, and efficiently complete the entire feeding operation.

[0086] S7. After the feeding operation is completed, the chopping component 6 rotates at high speed under the control of external power to complete the chopping operation;

[0087] S8. If material blockage occurs during operation due to excessive or uneven feeding, the front top cover 101 at the front end of the housing 1 can be pulled out from one end, and the pin 403 can be placed into the limiting groove 4025, so that the upper pressure roller 401 is in an active state. Under the action of external force, the upper pressure roller 401 is lifted along the slide rail to the top and can be taken out. At this time, two-thirds of the upper part of the device is opened, which can realize the rapid cleaning of materials and unblocking operation.

[0088] S9. Repeat steps S1-S7 until the device stops operating. Then, place the pin 403 in the position of the limit groove 4024 so that the entire upper pressure roller 401 is in a stable locked state.

[0089] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing specific embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutions of some technical features and structures are all within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable feeding and chopping device for a hybrid Napier grass harvester, characterized in that, The system includes a housing (1), a conveying component (2), a gathering component (3), a pre-compression component (4), a feeding component (5), and a chopping component (6); the gathering component (3) is hinged to the housing (1); the conveying component (2) includes rollers (201) and a conveyor belt (202); the two rollers (201) are horizontally mounted on the lower front section of the housing via bearing seats; the conveyor belt (202) is horizontally mounted on the two rollers (201); the feeding component (5) includes an upper feeding roller (501), a lower feeding roller (502), and saw teeth (503); the upper feeding roller (501) and the lower feeding roller (502) are placed horizontally up and down and mounted on the housing (1) via bearing seats; the saw teeth (503) The feed roller (503) has mounting holes and is installed on the holes of the upper feed roller (501) and the lower feed roller (502) by bolts and nuts; the chopping component (6) includes a crushing drum (601), a chopping blade (602) and a chopping blade holder (603); the crushing drum (601) is mounted on the housing (1) by a bearing seat; the chopping blade holders (603) are staggered and fixed on the crushing drum (601); the chopping blade holders (603) and the chopping blades (602) are connected by bolts and nuts; the pre-pressing component (4) includes an upper pressure roller (401), a slider (402), a pin (403), a limit slot (404), a front slide rail (405), a rear slide rail (406), and a pressure roller (404). Force sensor (407); the shafts at both ends of the upper pressure roller (401) are installed in the holes of the slider (402); the slider (402) is provided with four rotatable connecting bridges (4022), and each connecting bridge (4022) is equipped with two independently rotatable pulleys (4021); the front slide rail (405) and the rear slide rail (406) are in an "S" shape and are fixed to the housing (1) one in front of the other to form the upper and lower floating track of the upper pressure roller (401); the four sets of eight rotatable pulleys (4021) on the slider (402) are respectively locked on the front slide rail (405) and the rear slide rail (406) and drive the upper pressure roller (401) along the front slide rail (405) and the rear slide rail (406). The slider (402) slides up and down; the slider (402) is provided with a pin groove (4023), a first limiting groove (4024) and a second limiting groove (4025); the limiting slot (404) is fixed to the housing (1); the pin (403) is inserted into the pin groove (4023) from above the slider (402), and the first limiting groove (4024) or the second limiting groove (4025) is selected according to the usage state of the upper pressure roller. When it is necessary to lock the upper pressure roller (401), the pin (403) is at the first limiting groove (4024) and one end of the pin (403) is inserted into the limiting slot (404). When the pin (403) is located at the second limiting groove (4025), the upper pressure roller (401) is in the unlocked state.

2. The adjustable feeding and chopping device of the hybrid Napier grass harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gathering component (3) includes a gathering plate (301), a spherical slider (302), a sliding screw (303), a spherical groove (304), and a hinge (305); the gathering plate (301) is fixed to the front end of the housing (1) by the hinge (305); the spherical groove (304) is fixed to the gathering plate (301) facing each other, and the spherical balls at both ends of the spherical slider (302) are installed inside the spherical groove (304), so that the spherical slider (302) can move within the spherical groove. (304) Slide freely inside; the spherical slider (302) has a threaded hole in the middle and is connected to the sliding screw (303); the sliding screw (303) has keyways at both ends and is mounted on the housing (1) through bearing seats; there are two gathering plates (301). When the sliding screw (303) rotates under the action of external driving force, it drives the spherical slider (302) to slide along the spherical groove (304), thereby causing the gathering plate (301) to retract inward or open outward.

3. The adjustable feeding and chopping device of the hybrid Napier grass harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front end of the housing (1) is provided with a front top cover (101) that can be pulled out through a slot; the upper pressure roller (401) of the pre-pressing component (4) can move up and down on the front slide rail (405) and the rear slide rail (406) through the slider (402). When the device is blocked, the front top cover (101) is pulled out from one side, and the upper pressure roller (401) is lifted to the top of the slide rail by external power, opening the entire conveying and feeding part and realizing rapid clearing of the blockage.

4. The adjustable feeding and chopping device of the hybrid Napier grass harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conveying component (2) also includes a sensor (204), which is installed below the conveyor belt (202) and horizontally fixed in the middle of the housing (1) by a bracket (203) for measuring the fluctuation of the feed amount; the pre-pressing component (4) includes a pressure sensor (407), which is arranged in a ring in the middle of the upper pressure roller (401) for measuring the feed pressure; based on the comprehensive analysis of the measurement data of the two, the external hydraulic system controlled by the PLC adjusts the feeding speed of the upper feed roller (501) and the lower feed roller (502) as well as the operating speed of the chopping component (6).

5. A method for controlling the adjustable feeding and chopping device of a hybrid Napier grass harvester as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Before the harvesting operation begins, determine the characteristics of the crop stalks to be harvested and manually select and place the pin (403) of the pre-compression component (4) at the appropriate limiting groove one (4024) or limiting groove two (4025); S2. After the machine is started, the two rollers (201) of the conveyor component (2) drive the conveyor belt (202) to rotate clockwise, so that the incoming forage is transported horizontally through the conveyor belt (202); the sensor (204) installed under the conveyor belt (202) begins to measure the pressure change on the conveyor belt (202) at this time; S3. According to different pressure changes, the sliding screw (303) starts to rotate under the power of the external hydraulic motor. The sliding screw (303) drives the spherical slider (302) to slide in the spherical groove (304), thereby controlling the opening and closing of the two gathering plates (301). When the pressure decreases, the two gathering plates (301) retract inward and form an "eight" shape under the consolidation of the hinge (305) at one end, which plays a lateral gathering role for the grass. Conversely, the two gathering plates (301) open outward and flatten outward, which facilitates the flow of grass with a large feeding volume. At the same time, according to different pressure changes, the sensor (204) feeds back to the system, which controls and distributes reasonable power to the feeding component (5) and the chopping component (6), so that they can adjust the speed in real time according to the change of feeding volume to complete the operation. S4. After the conveying is completed, if the harvested material is a crop with a relatively hard stem, the pin (403) of the pre-compression component (4) is placed in the first limiting groove (4024), and one end is inserted into the limiting slot (404). At this time, the upper pressure roller (401) is completely locked, which plays a preliminary pre-compression role on the hard stem. When harvesting crops with a relatively thin stem and soft material characteristics, the pin (403) of the pre-compression component (4) is placed in the second limiting groove (4025). At this time, the pin (403) is completely inside the pin groove (4023), and the upper pressure roller (401) is in an active state. S5. During the pre-compression process, the pressure sensor (407) installed on the upper pressure roller (401) monitors the pressure between the upper pressure roller (401) and the material in real time, compares it with the set value, and feeds back the pressure difference to the chopping component (6) so that the external hydraulic system can increase or decrease the speed of the crushing drum (601) in real time. S6. After the pre-compression process is completed, the upper feed roller (501) and the lower feed roller (502) are rotated by external power to feed the pre-compressed material into the chopping part (6) in the forward direction. The serrations (503) installed on the upper feed roller (501) and the lower feed roller (502) can effectively increase the friction of the upper feed roller (501) and the lower feed roller (502) to complete the entire feeding operation. S7. After the feeding operation is completed, the chopping component (6) rotates at high speed under the control of external power to complete the chopping operation; S8. During operation, if material blockage occurs due to excessive or uneven feeding, the front top cover (101) at the front end of the shell (1) is pulled out from one end, and the pin (403) is placed in the limiting groove (4025), so that the upper pressure roller (401) is in an active state. Under the action of external force, the upper pressure roller (401) is lifted along the slide rail to the top and can be taken out. At this time, two-thirds of the upper part of the device is opened, which can realize the rapid cleaning of materials and unblocking operation. S9. Repeat steps S1-S7 until the device stops operating. Then, place the pin (403) in the position of the limit groove (4024) so ​​that the entire upper pressure roller (401) is in a stable locked state.

Images